探秘虚拟语气：让假设开口说话-【中职专用】句法专项突破课件

中职英语 探秘虚拟语气：让假设开口说话 语法 1 初识虚拟语气 虚拟语气常见结构 总结回顾 即学即练 目录 03 04 01 02 2 01 初识虚拟语气 3 虚拟语气用于表达说话人的假设、愿望、建议等，而不是客观存在的事实。 什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气的含义： 1.️表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望、假设或推测。 2.️表示建议、命令、劝告等。 例句：If I were a panda, I would eat bamboo all day long. 例句：If I had set an alarm, I wouldn’t have been late for class this morning. 4 谓语动词的变化 在虚拟语气中，谓语动词的时态要有所变化。 例句：If I were a bird, I would fly. 例句：If I had studied, I would have passed. 例句：If it snowed tomorrow, we would play. 5 02 虚拟语气常见结构 6 真实条件句表达的是假设有可能发生，不用虚拟。 If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. If he calls, please tell me. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 真实条件句 假设不太可能发生或与事实相反，用虚拟语气。 If I had more money, I would buy a car. If I were you, I would take that job. If I had known the answer, I would have told you. 非真实条件句 一、If条件句：真实条件句与非真实条件句 7 01 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气结构为：If 从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用 情态动词（would/could/should/might） + 动词原形。 结构公式 02 例句解析 If I were you, I would take that job. If I had more money, I would buy a car. If he knew the truth, he would be very sad。 If 非真实条件句：与现在事实相反的假设结构 8 1. If I ________ (be) you, I ________ (ask) the teacher for help. 2. She would travel around the world if she ________ (have) enough money. 3. If he ________ (know) the answer, he ________ (tell) us. 小试牛刀 1. were; would ask 解析：表示与现在事实相反（我不可能是你） 2. had enough money 解析：表示与现在事实相反（她现在并没有足够的钱） 3. knew; would tell us 解析：表示与现在事实相反（他现在并不知道答案） If非真实条件句：与现在事实相反的假设结构 9 与过去事实相反的遗憾表达 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构为：If 从句用过去完成时 ，主句用 情态动词+ have done 结构公式 这种结构常用于表达对过去事情的遗憾或后悔，强调本可以发生但没有发生的情况。 表达遗憾 例如If you had come to the party yesterday, you would have met her，这里had come表示过去没有发生的动作，would have met表示假设的结果。 例句解析 If he had caught the train, he would not have been late. 10 与过去事实相反的遗憾表达 1. If I ______ (eat) breakfast, I ______ ______ (not be) hungry in class. 2. If she ______ (take) the bus, she ______ ______ (not miss) the film. 3. If we ______ (bring) kites, we ______ ______ (fly) them in the park. 小试牛刀 答案： 1. ate; wouldn't be 解析：此句是对现在的虚拟（实际没吃早饭，上课饿）。 2. took; wouldn't miss 解析：对现在 / 将来的虚拟（实际没坐公交，可能错过电影） 3. brought; would fly解析：对将来的虚拟（实际没带风筝，没法在公园放）。 11 If从句有三种形式，分别是：一般过去时或 should + 动词原形 或were to do ，主句用 would/could/might + 动词原形 例如If it should snow tomorrow, we would build a snowman，这里should rain表示可能性极低的未来事件，would build表示假设的结果。 例句解析 与将来事实相反的未来设想 结构公式 12 1. If I ______ (have) a magic wand tomorrow, I ______ ______ (make) lots of candies. 2. If it ______ (be) sunny this weekend, we ______ ______ (go) to the zoo. 3. If our teacher ______ (give) us no homework tomorrow, we ______ ______ (watch) cartoons all evening. 小试牛刀 1. had; would make 解析：对将来的虚拟（实际没有魔法棒）。 2. were; would go 解析：对将来的虚拟（不确定周末是否晴天，表假设）。 3. gave; would watch 解析：对将来的虚拟（实际老师大概率会留作业）。 与将来事实相反的未来设想 13 表示对现在情况的愿望，从句用一般过去时（be用were）。 例如I wish I knew the answer.（我希望我知道答案）事实上不知道。 He wishes he had more friends. 与现在事实相反 Wish后表达对过去的遗憾，从句用过去完成时 。 例如He wishes he hadn't wasted so much time.表示后悔过去浪费时间。 They wish they had come to your party. 与过去事实相反 Wish后表达对将来的愿望，从句用 would/could + 动词原形。 例如I wish it would stop raining.表示希望雨停。 I wish I could go to the moon someday. 与将来事实相反 01 02 03 二、Wish宾语从句：表示很难或不太可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气 14 I wish I _____ (can speak) English fluently. She wishes she ________ (have) a bigger apartment. He wishes he ________ (study) harder when he was in school. We wish we ________ (not miss) the concert last week. 小试牛刀 答案：1. could speak 解析：达对现在的愿望（实际英语说得不流利），与现在事实相反。 2. had解析：该句表达对现在的愿望（实际没有更大的公寓），与现在事实相反。 3. had studied 解析：该句表达对过去的遗憾（上学时实际没努力学习），与过去事实相反。 4. hadn't missed 解析：句中 last week表明是对过去事实的遗憾（实际上周错过了音乐会），与过去事实相反。 15 在suggest、insist、demand等动词后的宾语从句中，虚拟语气结构为：should + 动词原形，其中should可以省略。 口诀： 一坚持: insist 二命令: order, command 三建议: suggest, recommend, advise 四要求: ask, demand, require, request 结构公式 01 例如The teacher suggested that we (should) practice English every day，这里should可以省略，直接用动词原形。 The school requires that every student wear a uniform. 例句解析 02 三、表示坚持、命令、建议、要求 16 小试牛刀 1. Our teacher suggests that we ______ (finish) our homework before playing games. 2. The coach ordered that all players ______ (arrive) at the playground early tomorrow. 3. The school requires that every student ______ (wear) the school uniform on weekdays. 4. The doctor asked that he ______ (rest) for a few days after the surgery. 5. They demanded that the new policy ______ (be) implemented immediately. finish arrive wear rest be 17 在It is（high) time that ...结构中，从句用一般过去时。(早该做…) 例如 It is time that we went to bed. It is high time that the plane took off. 固定句型 1. It is high time that we ______ (go) to bed. It’s already midnight! 2. It is time that Tom ______ (clean) his messy desk. 3. It is high time that we ______ (start) our English class. All students are here. 小试牛刀 四、固定句型 went started cleaned 18 as if/as though（好像，仿佛）表示所描述情况与事实相反，引导的从句中，常用虚拟语气，用法与wish一致。例如 He talks as if he were an expert. （他说话方式好像他是专家）。 as if（好像，仿佛） if only（要是…就好了） only if (要是…就好了), 表示难以实现的愿望，用法与wish 一致。 If only I knew!(与现在事实相反) If only I had listened to my teacher!（与过去事实相反） Tom looks at the stars in the sky as if he ________ (be) an astronaut. Lily talks about her pet cat as though it ________ (can) understand her words. If only I ________ (have) more free time to play basketball with my friends! The little boy stands on the chair as if he ________ (be) tall enough to reach the cookies on the shelf. If only the rain _____________ (stop) soon! We want to go for a picnic this afternoon. 五、as if和if only 小试牛刀 were could had were would stop 19 03 回顾总结 20 自主回忆与总结 虚 拟 语 气 含义 结构 if非真实条件句 与_____事实相反 与_____事实相反 与_____事实相反 wish宾语从句 口诀：一坚持_____ 二命令_____ _____ 三建议_____ _____ _____ 四要求_____ _____ _____ _____ 句型: as if 和 if only: 1.️表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的_____、_____或_____。 2.️表示_____、_____、_____等。 与_____事实相反 与_____事实相反 与_____事实相反 21 虚拟语气思维导图 虚 拟 语 气 含义 结构 if非真实条件句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 wish宾语从句 口诀：一坚持insist 二命令order, command 三建议suggest, recommend, advise 四要求ask, demand, require, request 句型：It is（high) time that ... as if 和 if only：用法与wish一致 1.️表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望、假设或推测。 2.️表示建议、命令、劝告等。 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 22 04 即学即练 23 习题闯关检测掌握度 1. If I ____ you, I would study harder for the exam. A. am B. was C. were D. be 2. He talks as if he ____ everything, but we know he doesn't. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. has known 3. I wish I ____ taller. Then I could be a basketball player. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 4. I wish my brother ____ so much noise. I'm trying to study. A. doesn't make B. didn't make C. hadn't made D. wouldn't make 5. If it ____ yesterday, we would have gone hiking. A. didn't rain B. hadn't rained C. doesn't rain D. hasn't rained 答案：CBCBB 24 6. The teacher demanded that all phones ____ during the class. A. are turned off B. were turned off C. be turned off D. turned off 7. It's time that we ____ home. It's getting very late. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 8. If she ____ earlier, she would have caught the early bus. A. got up B. gets up C. had got up D. has got up 9. He wishes he ____ to the teacher's advice when he was in school. A. listens B. listened C. had listened D. would listen 10. She looked tired as if she ____ all night. A. works B. worked C. had worked D. has worked 习题闯关检测掌握度 答案： CBCCC 25 1 C. were 解析：这是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。从句结构为“If + 主语 + 过去式 (be动词用were)”，主句为“would + 动词原形”。句意：如果我是你，我会更努力地为考试学习。 2 B. knew 解析：as if 引导方式状语从句，表示与现在事实相反（他并不知道一切），所以从句动词用过去式（knew）。句意：他说话的样子好像他什么都知道，但我们知道他并不知道。 3 C. were 解析：wish 后的宾语从句表示对现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），谓语动词用过去式（be动词常用were）。句意：我真希望我更高一些。那样我就能成为一名篮球运动员了。 4 B. didn't make 解析：wish 后的宾语从句表示对现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），即“我希望我弟弟现在没有制造那么多噪音（但他确实在制造）”，所以谓语动词用过去式（didn't make）。句意：我真希望我弟弟没制造这么多噪音。我正在努力学习。 5 B. hadn't rained 解析：这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。从句结构为“If + 主语 + had + 过去分词”，主句为“would have + 过去分词”。句意：如果昨天没下雨，我们本来会去徒步的。 习题解析 26 6 C. be turned off 解析：动词demand（要求）后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”。 phones和turn off是被动关系，所以用be turned off 。句意：老师要求所有手机在课上都要关机。 7 B. went 解析：It's time that 是固定句型，表示“早该做某事了”，从句谓语动词用过去式。句意：我们早该回家了。天很晚了。 8 C. had got up 解析：这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。从句结构为“If + 主语 + had + 过去分词”，主句为“would have + 过去分词”。“起床”发生在“错过公交车”之前，是对过去的假设。句意：如果她当时早一点起床，她就能赶上早班公交车了。 9 C. had listened 解析：wish 后的宾语从句表示对过去的愿望或后悔（与过去事实相反），即“他希望他过去在学校时听了老师的建议（但他当时没听）”，所以谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”（had listened）。句意：他真希望他在学校时听了老师的建议。 10 C. had worked 解析：as if 引导方式状语从句。根据主句动词looked（过去看起），她“整夜工作”这个动作发生在“看起来累”之前，且是一种非真实的假设，所以用过去完成时had worked。句意：她看起来很累，就好像她工作了一整夜。 27 THANKS 感谢您的观看 虚拟语气 语法 28 $