专题1 阅读理解 课时2(课件PPT)-【零起点考大学】2026年高考英语高效备考方案

零起点考大学 英 语 1 02 第二部分 题型专题 专题一 阅读理解 课时2 2 考点三：主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结。一般主要分为段落大意题、文章主旨题和标题归纳题三大类。 解答主旨大意题的关键是寻找文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)。寻找主题句有以下四个小窍门: (1)找转折句: 段落中出现转折句时,该句很可能是主题句。 (2)找重复点: 作者有意识地反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 (3)找疑问句: 首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (4)找提示词: 提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示有therefore，thus，but，however, in fact, in short等,这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。 考点三：主旨大意题 该类试题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。 题干形式： ① What is the main idea of the last paragraph? ② What is the second paragraph mainly about? ③ What is the last paragraph mainly talk about? 解题方法： ① 当段落中有明显的主题句时，借助该主题句归纳段落的中心思想。 ② 当段落中没有明显的主题句时，抓住段落中出现频率较高的主题词或关键词，然后对其进行概括和归纳来确定段落大意。 （1）段落 大意题 考点三：主旨大意题 真题链接 It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025全国二卷） What is this paragraph mainly about? A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked. C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought. （1）段落 大意题 ✔ 考点三：主旨大意题 该类试题主要考查考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。 题干形式： ① What’s the passage/ text mainly about? ② What is the main idea/ theme/ topic of this passage/ text? ③ What does the passage mainly talk about? ④ What does the story mainly tell us? 解题方法： ① 根据文体来确定主题句； ② 根据写作手法来确定主题句； ③ 借助主题词或关键词归纳主题句。 （2）文章 主旨题 考点三：主旨大意题 真题链接 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.（接下页） （2）文章 主旨题 真题链接 考点三：主旨大意题 Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.（接下页） （2）文章 主旨题 BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (2024 新课标Ⅱ卷) What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. （2）文章 主旨题 考点三：主旨大意题 ✔ 考点三：主旨大意题 该类试题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。最佳标题有三个特点：概括性强、精确性强、有吸引力。 题干形式： ① What is a suitable title for the text? ② Which can be a suitable/ the best title for the text? ③ Which of the following can be the best/ most suitable title for the passage? ④ The best title for the text would be ______. 解题方法： ① 主题词法：找出各段落的主题句和文章的中心句，以此提炼主题词来确定最佳标题。 ② 1=1法：当文章写作对象的特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称来充当文章的标题。 ③ 1+1=1法：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合，充当文章的标题。 （3）标题 归纳题 真题链接 Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school withbags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.（接下文） （3）标题 归纳题 真题链接 考点三：主旨大意题 Urban Sprouts’ lasses, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.（接下文） （3）标题 归纳题 考点三：主旨大意题 She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (2023 新课标Ⅱ卷) What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape （3）标题 归纳题 考点三：主旨大意题 ✔ An hour’s extra sleep a night can shave 270 calories off people’s daily diets, new research suggests—the equivalent of around three chocolate digestive biscuits. Over three years, this could lead to a weight loss of 26 pounds—simply by sleeping more, the researchers said. A team from the University of Chicago wanted to look at how sleep interacts with obesity and so carried out a clinical trial with 80 adults. Writing in the journal Jama Internal Medicine, they found that young, overweight adults who habitually slept fewer than 6.5 hours a night were able to add an extra 1.2 hours of sleep per night after undergoing counselling to improve their sleeping habits. 应考基础训练 The results showed that getting more sleep reduced people’s overall intake by an average of 270 calories per day, with some people consuming 500 fewer calories. Dr Esra Tasali, from the University of Chicago’s sleep centre, said the study had not intended to look at weight loss. “But even within just two weeks, we have quantified evidence showing a decrease in caloric intake and a negative energy balance—caloric intake is less than calories burned.” she said. “If healthy sleep habits are kept over longer period. this would lead to clinically important weight loss over time. Many people are working hard to find ways to decrease their caloric intake to lose weight—well, just by sleeping more, you may be able to reduce it considerably. The study did not attempt to restrict people’s diets. Instead, they slept in their own beds, tracked their sleep with wearable devices, and otherwise followed a normal lifestyle without any instructions on diet or exercise. Dr Tasali said that limiting the use of devices such as mobile phones before bedtime helped people get more sleep. She added. “We saw that after just a single sleep counselling session. participants could change their bedtime habits enough to lead to an increase in sleep time.” 1. Why did the researchers carry out the study? A. To find how to reduce weight. B. To know the proper sleep time. C. To learn about healthy sleep habits. D. To study the link between sleep and obesity. ✔ 2. What’s Dr Tasali’s attitude to the findings of the study? A. Doubtful. B. Confident. C. Negative. D. Ambiguous. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Participants should go on a restricted diet and do more exercise. B. Limiting the use of digital devices is the best way to get enough sleep. C. Participants tracked their sleep without disturbing their normal lifestyle. D. A single sleep counselling session is useless for participants to change. 4. What’s the best title of the text? A. A Strange Way to Lose Your Weight B. Young and Overweight Adults Need More Sleep C. Forming a Regular Sleep Habit Is Good for Your Health D. Cut 270 Calories by Sleeping for an Extra Hour Every Night ✔ ✔ ✔ 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第22-24页 考点四：词句猜测题 词义猜测题旨在考查考生在一定的语境中对上下文逻辑关系、句中隐含意义或者句子成分的正确理解。一般主要分为单词或短语猜测题、代词猜测题和句意猜测题三大类。 （1）单词 或短语 猜测题 这类题要求考生根据语境猜测某个生词或短语的意思，或者考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。 题干形式： ① What does the underlined word “…” mean / refer to? ② The underlined word “...” in paragraph 3 most probably means... 解题方法： ①根据并列或递进关系； ②根据同位或解释关系; ③根据转折或对比关系； ④根据因果关系； ⑤根据列举的实例； ⑥根据定义或解释推测词义； ⑦根据构词法推测词义； 真题链接 （1）单词 或短语 猜测题 考点四：词句猜测题 真题链接 As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. （2025全国一卷） What does the underlined word “staggering” mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. ✔ 考点四：词义猜测题 这类题主要考查考生根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词等所指代的内容，有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 题干形式： ① What does the underlined word “this/ it/ them/ which...” refer to? ② The underlined part “it/ that/ they/ which...” in paragraph 2 refer to? 解题方法： ①明确代词所指代内容的位置：遵循“就近原则”(代词所指代的内容往往在这个代词的附近)；代词的单复数也直接暗示了它所指代的名词的单复数。 ②熟悉代词所指代的含义：it/ is/ that可指代一件事；it/ them/ they/ those/ one指代上文提到的人或物；which/ that/ who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。 ③替换核实再比较:用所找的代词内容替换原文中画线的代词，核实句意是否通顺合理、前后内容是否连贯一致；比较所找部分与各个选项，确定意思最接近的答案。 （2）代词 猜测题 考点四：词义猜测题 （2）代词 猜测题 真题链接 When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was… 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”. (2024 浙江卷1月) What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional” underlined word “it” ✔ 真题链接 考点四：词义猜测题 这类题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。 题干形式： ① What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean? ② Which of the following best explain the underlined sentence in the first paragraph？ 解题方法： ① 一定位：返回原文，定位画线句子，寻找画线句前后可解释画线句的信息句，理清句子结构。 ② 二分析：分析画线句子前后语境，细读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，根据关键信息和逻辑关系合理推断画线句的句意。 ③ 三归纳：归纳总结，仔细比较选项，找出与推断出的句意相似的选项，确定答案。 （3）句意 猜测题 考点四：词义猜测题 （3）句意 猜测题 真题链接 Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered — landing tricks, being a good skater. (2021全国甲卷) What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry! 真题链接 And that’s what mattered — landing tricks, being a good skater. ✔ Americans wear black for mourning. Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters. Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities (极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures-polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth. His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem so contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. 应考基础训练 The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth,said Peng Kaiping,a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions (矛盾) in social and personal life,he said. “Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument,” said Peng. “The problem is that at the interpersonal level, you really don’t need to find the truth,or maybe there isn’t any.” Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have flaws (缺陷) and virtues, because they have a holistic awareness that life is full of contradictions. They do far less blaming of the individual than Americans do, he added. In studies of interpersonal argument,for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were “uncompromising, blaming one side-usually the mother-for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no compromise” in dealing with the conflict. Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons (模范) of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle. 1. In Paragraph 1, the author offers examples in order to_______ A. expose the contradiction between Chinese and Americans B. show the differences between Chinese culture and American culture C. find the reason for the differences D. generalize the main idea of the passage ✔ 2. The underlined word “contentious” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”. A. conservative B. aggressive C. objective D. subjective 3. Compared with Americans, Chinese are_______. A. likely to find the truth in life B. reluctant to admit their failure C. reluctant to have a general idea of things D. likely to know advantages and disadvantages of things 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Culture Differences Between America and China B. Different Ways for Mourning Between America and China C. Different Ways for Treating the Aged Between America and China D. The Study about American and Chinese ✔ ✔ ✔ 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第25-26页 综合训练一 Yellowstone National Park is the first national park of America and home to many wonders (奇观). Let’s take a look at two uncrowded places that are worth your time! Lamar Valley Situated along the Lamar River, the valley has some of the best wildlife. Some of the common wild animals that can be spotted in the Lamar Valley are bison, grizzly bears, deer, coyotes, and eagles. Apart from this, Lamar Valley is also popular for camping at two of its busiest campgrounds — the Slough Creek and Pebble Creek. These are best suited for enjoying the peace of the place and rising in the early morning to watch wildlife. Yellowstone River Picnic Area The Yellowstone River Picnic Area gives you the best views of the Yellowstone Canyon. There is a hike suitable for all skill levels. Since the track is not very well marked, it is a slightly less explored trail. The hike begins at the Yellowstone River Picnic Area parking. The path climbs steeply to a narrow ridge（山脊） top right next to the canyon. If you are hiking with kids, make sure they are on the safer side. As you continue, you can look out for the Calcite Springs where you will be rewarded with breathtaking views. Recommended Duration: 2 hours Opening Hours: 24 hours every day Contact: Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190 Tell: + 13073447381 1. What is special about Lamar Valley? A. It has never been explored before. B. It provides tourists with a place to camp. C. It is a must-visit place for people enjoying wildlife. D. It lies in the middle of Yellowstone National Park. 2. What can you experience in Yellowstone River Picnic Area? A. Learn some hiking skills. B. Hike with people of all ages. C. Admire fantastic scenery. D. Explore something you never met before. 3. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. To advertise two peaceful spots. B. To introduce the history of Yellowstone National Park. C. To compare two spots in Yellowstone National Park. D. To encourage people to go hiking. ✔ ✔ ✔ 细节理解题。由Lamar Valley部分可知，有很多野生动物生活在拉马尔山谷。由此可知，此处是爱好野生动物人士的好去处。 细节理解题。根据第二个景点介绍的最后一句可知，在此处，徒步旅行时沿着路往前走可以留意寻找方解石温泉，在那里你可以看到很美的风景。 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是最后几段可知，文章主要是对黄石公园的两个景点进行广告宣传，旨在吸引人们前去观赏游玩。 综合训练二 Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal. But why do you have dreams and goals, you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow. This is the famous formula for success: Dream > Believe > Achieve Most people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is. I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve For me, act is the most important thing for success and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action. Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality. 1. Which does the writer add to the famous formula? A. Act. B. Achieve. C. Connect. D. Create. 2. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? A. Dangers. B. Imaginations. C. Wonders. D. Difficulties. 3. Why does the writer use the formula “Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”? A. To support his idea. B. To ask readers to explain it. C. To show what his goals are. D. To compare it with a bridge. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Doing Something Valuable B. Studying Hard and Making Progress C. Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D. Separating Successful People from Dreams ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 细节理解题。根据两个公式Dream > Believe > Achieve和Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve以及公式二前一句…you have to add one thing to your success formula可知，作者加的是Act，故选A。 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段We must face them bravely and solve them可知，我们必须勇敢地面对它们并解决它们，结合选项A危险、B想象力、C.奇迹、D.困难，选D。 推理判断题。根据For me, act is the most important thing for success and that’s to Take Persistent Action…because of their persistent action可知，作者在公式下面对公式进行了相关描述并阐述了作者的一些见解，也就是使用例子来支持自己的观点，故选A。 主旨大意题。根据Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality及通读全文可知，整篇文章都在讲述我们要用实际行动实现我们的梦想，故选C。 THANK YOU! $