专题1 阅读理解 课时1(课件PPT)-【零起点考大学】2026年高考英语高效备考方案

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理近五年全国卷考点分布，明确细节理解和推理判断题占比超60%的高频权重，系统归纳细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测四大常考题型，体现备考针对性与实用性。 课件亮点在于高考真题深度训练与应试技巧指导，如结合2025全国卷真题解析细节理解题的直接信息定位与数字计算方法，通过定义解释、构词推测等猜词技巧培养语言能力，借助长难句主干提取提升思维品质，助力学生掌握答题技巧提高得分率，为教师复习教学提供精准指导。

零起点考大学 英 语 1 02 第二部分 题型专题 专题一 阅读理解 课时1 2 表1：2025全国卷 阅读理解题的考点分析 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 考查类型 词数 2025   全国 一卷 A篇 说明文：人与自然（交通领域的碳排放情况） 细节理解题（6） 推理判断题（6） 词句猜测题（2） 主旨大意题（1） 392 B篇 记叙文：人与自我（写作课的教学启示） 380 C篇 议论文：人与社会（城市交通与生活） 428 D篇 说明文：人与自然（微塑料污染及应对办法） 433 全国 二卷   A篇 应用文：人与社会（四个英国特色集镇） 细节理解题（5） 推理判断题（7） 词句猜测题（1） 主旨大意题（2） 360 B篇 说明文：人与社会（医院教师） 390 C篇 说明文：人与自然（室内绿植对情绪的积极影响） 369 D篇 说明文：人与社会（用食物边角料制作美味） 469 3 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 考查类型 词数 2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 A篇 应用文：人与社会 （栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募） 细节理解题（5题） 推理判断题（8题） 词义猜测题（1题） 主旨大意题（1题） 199 B篇 记叙文：人与自然 （中西医结合治疗动物） 296 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （学习媒介的选择） 339 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （生物样本数据的可用性） 358 新课标Ⅱ卷 A篇 应用文：人与自然 （四种秋季徒步活动） 细节理解题（9题）推理判断题（4题）词义猜测题（1题）主旨大意题（1题） 290 B篇 说明文：人与社会 （阅读亭项目） 276 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （巴比伦微农场（BMF）） 268 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （《人工智能设计》书籍介绍） 318 表2：2024新课标卷 阅读理解题的考点分析 4 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 考查类型 词数 2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 A篇 应用文：人与社会 （自行车租赁&游览项目介绍） 细节理解题（6题） 推理判断题（7题） 词义猜测题（1题） 主旨大意题（1题） 205 B篇 记叙文：人与自然 （一项具有环保价值的发明） 334 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （如何建立数字极简生活方式） 318 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （群体智慧效应） 337 新课标Ⅱ卷 A篇 应用文：人与自然 （黄石公园“护林员”游园项目介绍） 细节理解题（6题）推理判断题（7题）词义猜测题（1题）主旨大意题（1题） 242 B篇 说明文：人与自我 （学校园艺项目） 273 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （《阅读的艺术》书籍介绍） 324 D篇 说明文：人与自然 （城市中的自然场所有益健康） 318 表3：2023新课标卷 阅读理解题的考点分析 5 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 考查类型 词数 2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 A篇 应用文：人与自我 （课程评分政策） 细节理解题（8题）推理判断题（5题）词义猜测题（1题）主旨大意题（1题） 227 B篇 夹叙夹议文：人与自然 （食物浪费） 370 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （养鸡可以减少老人的孤独感） 300 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （饮食习惯和人类的语音发展） 373 新高考Ⅱ卷 A篇 应用文：人与社会 （儿童博物馆的团体游戏） 细节理解题（8题）推理判断题（4题）词义猜测题（2题）主旨大意题（1题） 235 B篇 记叙文：人与社会 （数码科技遍布日常生活） 334 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （文本分析仪可用于交通管理） 305 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （锻炼有助于延缓心脏衰老） 394 表4：2022新高考卷 阅读理解题的考点分析 6 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 考查类型 词数 2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 A篇 应用文：人与社会 （罗马的旅社） 细节理解题（6题）推理判断题（6题）主旨大意题（2题）词义猜测题（1题） 315 B篇 记叙文：人与自我 （翻谱员的经历） 363 C篇 说明文：人与自然 （美国水禽保护） 305 D篇 说明文：人与自我 （情商的概念及作用） 303 新高考Ⅱ卷 A篇 应用文：人与社会 （约克郡的夏天活动） 细节理解题（11题）推理判断题（2题）词义猜测题（1题）主旨大意题（1题） 257 B篇 记叙文：人与自然 （照顾老虎幼崽） 312 C篇 说明文：人与社会 （艺术家进入校园） 270 D篇 说明文：人与社会 （监测牧牛健康状况的机器人） 307 表5：2021新高考卷 阅读理解题的考点分析 7 通过对近五年高考阅读理解的考点分析可知，高考阅读理解的考查具有以下特点： 1.体裁广泛。几乎每年必考应用文、说明文和记叙文（且以考查说明文为主），偶尔考查议论文和夹叙夹议文；文章一般含有大量需要通过构词法知识并结合语境理解的派生词、熟词生义、合成词及生僻词汇；长难句多，句式结构复杂。 2.题材丰富。围绕人与社会、人与自然、人与自我三大主题，涉及文化活动、故事、科普、人文、社会现象等。文章一般选材自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化；通过试题引导学生对社会文化热点的关注以及对自我发展的思考。 3. 题型多样。每年以考查细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅。提问设置上注重培养学生对语境的理解能力和猜词能力，对知识的考查也更注重深度和广度。 命题探究 备考须知与策略 2.五个解题步骤 (1) 用略读法了解文章大意及各段的大意； (2) 阅读题干及各个选项，了解考查的内容； (3) 带着问题用扫读法到文中找到相关句段； (4) 用研读法理解相关句段，筛选答案； (5) 综合考虑各题所选选项，看是否切合全文主旨。 1.三种阅读方法 （1）略读（skimming） （2）扫读（scanning） （3）研读（study reading） （详细说明见《书》P59） 备考须知与策略 备考策略 备考策略 9 同义解释法 高考英语中是允许一定比例的生词存在的，那么在阅读的过程中我们如何正确对待和处理生词呢？ 1.不影响阅读的生词 2.影响阅读的词汇 掌握一定的猜词方法和技巧是很有用的。以下是九种有效的猜词技巧： 因果推断法 举例说明法 常识背景法 前后对比法 构词推测法 语境理解法 类属分析法 定义解释法 备考须知与策略 ——忽略 ——猜词 10 同义解释法 ● But sometimes, no rain falls for a long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 句中的or告诉我们 drought与a dry period同义，即表示“干旱”、“旱灾”。 定义解释法 ● The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 5,000 yuan a year. 由定语从句who looks after sheep（照看羊的人）可推知herdsman意为“牧羊人”。 因果推断法 ● You shouldn’t reproach him for that, for it wasn’t his fault. 根据for it wasn’t his fault（那不是他的错）可推知reproach的意思是“责备”。 前后对比法 ● He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 根据句中的 not at all as handsome 可推知 homely 的意思是“不英俊”“不漂亮”。 ● Overwork may cause diseases. 前缀 over-的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork 的意思应为“工作过度”。 构词推测法 11 举例说明法 ● You can take any of the periodicals, like The World Of English, Foreign Language Teaching In School, or English Learning. 通过后面的举例：《英语世界》,《中小学外语教学》,《英语学习》可推知periodicals一词意为“期刊杂志”。 ● The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent, and the player could never play the sport again. 根据the player could never play the sport again（运动员永远不能再运动了）可推知permanent的含义为“永远的”“永久的”。 语境理解法 常识背景法 ● Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to our health. “吸烟有害健康”，这是众人皆知的常识，由此可知 detrimental 的意思应该是“有害的”。 ● Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 句中的 Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但同学们只要知道 planet(行星)便可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。 类属分析法 12 如何处理长难句 关键：把复杂句子简单化，找出句子主干 （1）含有多种成分的简单句 The material, made from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”. （2）含有插入语的句子 His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal. （3）含有多种从句的复合句 Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. 备考须知与策略 13 考点一：细节理解题 这类题常用what，which，how，why，when，where，how many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。如： （1）What can we learn (about)... from the passage？ （2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? （3）Why did author...? （4）All the following is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT? （5）How many did the...? 细节理解题考查的是文中与主题语境相关的事实信息，旨在考查考生对文中细节的理解能力和查找文中具体信息的能力，是高考英语阅理解中占比最大的一类题型。一般分为直接细节类和隐含细节类两大类型。 考点一：细节理解题 （1）直接 信息 理解题 该类试题的选项多根据原文中的信息直接进行考查，答案大都可以在文章中直接找到。 真题链接 Mevagissey, Cornwall Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Comish pie. It’s delicious. （2025全国二卷） What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? A．Try the Cornish pie. B．Watch a British TV show. C．Go fishing in the sea. D．Take pictures of the harbor. ✔ qo 该类试题的四个选项一般不直接出现原文中的信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。 真题链接 Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “ Tom Sawyer”. For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. (2024 浙江卷1月) What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. （2）间接 信息 理解题 What 真题链接 ✔ 考点一：细节理解题 考点一：细节理解题 此类试题分为直接考查和计算考查。直接考查可根据文中信息直接确定答案；而计算考查一般要经过具体的计算才能得出正确的答案。 真题链接 Prices （2023新课标Ⅰ卷） How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. （3）数字 计算题 Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 真题链接 Hand Brake, Three Gears €14.75 €8.00 1 day (24 hours) Each additional day How much ✔ 考点一：细节理解题 此类试题是细节理解题中难度最大的一类试题。它有一个非常明显的特征：试题所需的答案依据分散在段落或文章的多个地方。 真题链接 Mike Shepherd (2011), Skiddaw in Winter, Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image（图像）.（接下文） （4）综合 信息 理解题 真题链接 It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. 考点一：细节理解题 Timothy Smith (2014), Macclesfield Forest, Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.（2021全国甲卷） What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common? A. They are winter images. B. They are in black and white. C. They show mountainous scenes. D. They focus on snow-covered forests. ✔ （4）综合 信息 理解题 应考基础训练 Washington, D. C. is a theatre town. Here’s where you can get the best performances and cultural experiences offered for every taste in the nation’s capital. Kennedy Center Kennedy Center hosts hundreds of world-class performances each year and is home to the National Symphony Orchestra and the Washington National Opera. The Suzanne Farrell Ballet also counts Kennedy Center as its performance headquarters. The company — under the direction of Farrell — was first invited to perform there in 1993 and has since become one of the venue’s most famous attractions. Woolly Mammoth Company Woolly Mammoth Company is an experimental theatre that welcomes original plays that push the boundaries of live theatre. The New York Times has called it “ Washington’s most daring theatre company ”, and the half dozen plays Woolly produces each year continue to live up to that reputation. Shakespeare Theatre Company For more than 25 years, Shakespeare Theatre Company has committed itself to serving as the nation’s classical theatre. It operates out of two spaces, including Sidney Harman Hall at the Harman Center, which seats 775, and the Lansburgh Theatre, which seats 451. The shiny, glass-walled Harman Center displays classic Shakespeare plays, modern updates and Shakespeare-inspired original shows. Wolf Trap For locals, summer isn’t complete without at least one trip to Wolf Trap, the only national park dedicated to the performing arts. The venue is best-known for performances of touring artists. The open-air theatre offers covered seating, but when the weather warms up, we suggest buying seats on the grassland and packing a picnic. 1. When did the Suzanne Farrell Ballet first perform at Kennedy Center? A. In 1993. B. In 1998. C. In 2000. D. In 2003. 2. Which of the following is known for experimental plays? A. The Harman Center. B. Woolly Mammoth Company. C. The Lansburgh Theatre. D. Shakespeare Theatre Company. 3. What sets Wolf Trap apart from other theatres? A. Its covered seating. B. Its Shakespeare plays. C. Its selected directors. D. Its open-air atmosphere. ✔ ✔ ✔ 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第17-18页 考点二：推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对逻辑的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层含义或隐含意义。一般主要分为隐含意义推断（细节推断）、文章出处推断、观点态度推断、写作意图推断四大类。 （1）隐含 意义 推断题 这类题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的事实、没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。试题题干中常含infer，suggest，imply等词： (1) What can we infer…? (2) What does the last sentence of the passage imply? (3) The passage suggests that ______. (4) We can learn from the passage that ______. (5) It can be inferred from the passage that ______. 考点二：推理判断题 （1）隐含 意义 推断题 解题方法：(1) 正向思维法；(2) 逆向思维法：(3) 主旨推断法。 真题链接 Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 真题链接 Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (2024全国甲卷) ✔ （2）文章 出处 推断题 这类题推断文章出处和类别的题目要从文章的体裁和内容着手，弄清文章的中心话题，根据话题，确定文章来源和读者对象。 ① 文章前出现日期、地点或通讯社名称，或文章具有极强的时效性：newspaper/ news report； ② 文章介绍旅游景点或给出旅游建议：travel guide/ guide book； ③ 新产品、新影片、演出介绍：advertisement； ④ 时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/ journal/ entertainment section； ⑤ 科普知识、研究介绍：science report/ study research，有时也可用science magazine； ⑥ 活动介绍：notice/ announcement； ⑦ 介绍一本书或者电影：a book/ film review； ⑧ 文化教育性的文章：education section； 考点二：推理判断题 真题链接 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.(接下页) （2）文章 出处 推断题 考点二：推理判断题 真题链接 Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. （2023新课标Ⅱ卷） Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. （2）文章 出处 推断题 考点二：推理判断题 ✔ 考点二：推理判断题 （3）观点 态度 推断题 这类题要求考生推断作者对某人或某事的看法态度和观点。 (1) Which of the following words best describes…? (2) In the author’s opinion, ... is ______? (3) What is the author’s attitude towards …? (4) According to the author, what is …? 一些表示观点态度的词： 表示客观中立的态度：objective（客观的）, neutral（中立的）, indifferent（不在乎的）, uninterested（不感兴趣的）； 表示支持、肯定、乐观的态度：positive（积极的）, supportive（支持的）, approving（赞同的）, concerned（关心的）, optimistic（乐观的）； 表示消极、否定、悲观的态度：negative（消极的）, critical（批评的）, opposed（反对的）, doubtful（怀疑的）, pessimistic（悲观的）。 考点二：推理判断题 （3）观点 态度 推断题 真题链接 Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” （2025浙江卷1月） What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 真题链接 ✔ 考点二：推理判断题 （4）写作 意图 推断题 这类题要求考生根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作意图及运动某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接称述自己的意图，而是通过文章陈述的事实，使读者信服某种想法或观点。 (1) What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? (2) The writer writes this passage in order to ______? (3) The author intend to ______. (4) Why… is mentioned in paragraph 1? 解题方法： (1) 主旨推断法； (2) 文体推断法。 考点二：推理判断题 （4）写作 意图 推断题 真题链接 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). … AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 真题链接 (2024 新课标Ⅱ卷) this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution purpose ✔ World history has seen three ancient dramas: Greek tragedy and comedy, Indian Sanskrit drama and Chinese opera. The first two have become historical and only Chinese opera has survived. Chinese opera took shape in the 12th century. After developing for more than 800 years, its abundant local styles of opera are still enjoying great popularity, of which Qingiang is one of the most ancient operas. Qinqiang opera is a thousand-year-old local opera originating in China’s inland northwestern region. It has established a unique tradition as an“opera shouted out”with its high-pitched arias(高音唱腔). LiMei has won a reputation as one of the four greatest Qinqiang actresses. She’s also known for her passionate commitment to exploring the theatrical possibilities offered by Qinqíang. 应考基础训练 LiMei and her workmates are halfway through an afternoon rehearsal(排练) and most have broken into a sweat Singing in a near whisper, the forty-year-old opera star performs the stylized movements for the leading role the bitter dead Lady Li Huiniang in Ghost’s Hate. Little wonder that LiMei is such a powerful presence on stage. She’s the greatest contributory actress who’s able to interpret a character so persuasively and tell a story so convincingly that European audiences warmly hug this unfamiliar art form. Li Mei said,“We performed this opera in the Netherlands to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the founding of Holland’s National Theater. We enjoyed e fifteen-minute curtain call and the audiences applauded wildly for a long time. The local press entitled me the ‘Nemesis of the Orient’ and ‘the Chinese Venus’, Why is that so?Because they’ve fully understood what the opera implied—the loyalty towards love, and dead as she maybe, her love persists. The reason why this opera was able to touch millions of hearts is that it has a beautiful story presented by a beautiful art form.” 1. What can be inferred about Chinese opera from the passage? A. It made history with ancient Greek operas. B. It has a history shorter than Indian Sanskrit drama. C. It consists of various dynamic local operas. D. It originated from the most ancient local Qinqiang opera. 2. What is the greatest feature of Oinqiang opera according to the passage? A. The popular curtain call B. The northwestern origin. C. The stylized movement. D. The spirited high tone. ✔ ✔ 3. Why is Ghost’s Hate starring Li Mei loved by foreigners? A. Because it has a perfect combination of touching plot and attractive form. B. Because its leading role Li Mei is famous as the ‘Chinese Venus’. C. Because it conveys the popular messages of loyalty towards love. D. Because the story is easy to be fully understood by foreigners. 4. What is Li Mei’s greatest contribution to Qinqiang opera? A. She won a reputation as one of the four greatest Qinqiang actresses. B. She brought Li Huiniang, the bitter dead Lady in Ghost’s Hate to life. C. She explored many theatrical possibilities offered by Qinqiang opera. D. She spread one of Chinese traditional cultures to the other side of the world. ✔ ✔ 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第19-21页 THANK YOU! $