内容正文:
零起点考大学
英 语
1
01
第一部分 语法专题
专题八 并列句和复合句
2
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连接而成的句子。这些简单句之间在语法上是平等的,没有主次之分,它们共同表达一个相对复杂的语义。
复合句是指一个句子中包含两个或两个以上的从句,通常由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。主句是句子的主体,从句则作为句子的一个次要成分。从句通常包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。在复合句中,主句和从句之间用引导词(连接词)来连接。
近五年高考全国卷语法填空对并列句和复合句的考查包括:
1.并列连词的用法(以考查and为主);
2.定语从句的引导词(关系代词以考查that和which为主,偶有考查who;关系副词以考查where为主);
3. 名词性从句的引导词(考查较少,以考查what为主)
4. 状语从句的引导词(仅考查过一次as)。
真题大数据
基础大过关
一、简单句的类型
基础大过关
二、并列句和复合句的类型
基础大过关
二、并列句和复合句的类型
考点全归纳
考点1 考查并列连词
一、表示并列或顺承关系的连词
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
并列连词
表示并列或顺承关系
2025全国一卷 and 连接并列的名词短语
2025全国二卷 and 连接并列的谓语动词
2024新课标Ⅱ卷 and 连接并列的不定式短语
2023新课标Ⅱ卷 and 连接并列的不定式短语
2022新高考Ⅰ卷 and 连接并列的动名词短语
2022新高考Ⅱ卷 and 连接并列的谓语动词
2022全国乙卷 and 连接并列的名词
2021新高考Ⅰ卷 and 连接并列的谓语动词
2021新高考Ⅱ卷 and 连接并列的谓语动词
考点全归纳
考点1 考查并列连词
一、表示并列或顺承关系的连词
表示并列或顺承的并列连词主要有and(和,而且), both… and(两者都……), not only…but (also)… (不仅……而且……), and then(然后再)等。在近五年高考语法填空中,主要考查and的用法。
The train was comfortable and the people were nice.
火车很舒适,而且人们都很友好。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
考点全归纳
考点1 考查并列连词
二、表示转折或对比关系的连词
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
并列连词 表示转折或对比关系 2023全国乙卷 but/yet 根据语境理解,表转折
2021全国甲卷 but 根据语境理解,表转折
表示转折或对比的并列连词主要有but(但是), yet (然而), while(却,但是), not…but… (不是……而是……)等。在近五年高考语法填空中,主要考查but的用法。
They drove, but we came on foot.
他们开车来,而我们是步行来的。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
一些人糟蹋食物,而另一些人食不果腹。
考点全归纳
考点1 考查并列连词
三、表示选择关系的连词
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
并列连词 表示选择关系 2023新课标Ⅰ卷 or whether... or...,表选择
表示选择的并列连词主要有or(或者,否则), either… or…(或者……或者……,要么……要么……), neither… nor…(既不……也不……,两者都不……), whether… or… (是……还是……)等。
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点,否则就赶不上火车了。
Either Thursday or Friday is OK with me. 周四或周五我都没问题。
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
真题验证:
(1) Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ______ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
〖hear the Chinese language和see how Tang’s play was being performed并列〗
(2) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ______ to see the pandas settle into their new home. (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
(3) The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷)〖protecting…, preserving…, protecting…和leaving…并列〗
and
and
and
〖to watch…和to see…并列〗
〖protecting…, preserving…, protecting…和leaving…并列〗
考点全归纳
真题验证:
(4) It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ______ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023全国乙卷)
(5) My bike was old and shaky ______ did the job. (2021全国甲卷)
(6) To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ______ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023新高考卷Ⅰ)〖根据句意且前面的(7) They kept their collection at home until it got too big ______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. (2020新全国卷Ⅰ)
but
but
or
or
考点全归纳
考点全归纳
请完成 P55“应考基础训练”
考点全归纳
考点2 考查定语从句的引导词
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定和修饰作用,是句子不可缺少的部分,若省略会影响主句意思的完整性;与先行词关系紧密,不用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,省略后不影响主句意思的完整性,相当于主句的“附加信息”;与先行词关系松散,必须用逗号隔开。
定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that,which,who,who,whom,whose;关系副词包括when,where,why。
近五年高考全国卷语法填空对关系代词的考查以that和which为主,偶有考查who;对关系副词以考查where为主。
考点全归纳
考点2 考查定语从句的引导词
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
定语从句的引导词 关系代词 2025全国一卷 which 非限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物
2024新课标Ⅰ卷 that/which 限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物
2024新课标Ⅱ卷 who 非限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指人
2024全国甲卷 which 非限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物
2023全国乙卷 that/which 限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物
2022新高考Ⅰ卷 that 限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物(前有all)
2022全国甲卷 who 非限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指人
2021新高考Ⅱ卷 that/which 限制性定语从句,作主语,先行词指物
关系副词 2023全国甲卷 where 限制性定语从句,作状语,先行词指地点
2025全国二卷 where 非限制性定语从句,作状语,先行词指地点
考点全归纳
考点2 考查定语从句的引导词
一、that
that用于限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时that可省略),先行词既可以指物,也可以指人。
The book that lies on the desk is mine. 桌上的那本书是我的。
(that作主语,指物)
The person (that) you met yesterday is my teacher. 你昨天遇见的那个人是我的老师。
(that作宾语,指人)
二、which
which用于限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时which可省略),先行词指物;在非限制性定语从句中,先行词也可以指代整个句子。
考点全归纳
考点2 考查定语从句的引导词
二、which
which用于限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时which可省略),先行词指物;在非限制性定语从句中,先行词也可以指代整个句子。
The book (which) I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 我从图书馆借的书很有趣。(which作宾语,指物)
He didn’t study hard, which led to his failure. 他不努力学习,这导致了他的失败。(which作主语,指代前面整个句子)
注意:that和which用于限制性定语从句中时,大多数情况两者可互换,但当先行词被all,much等不定代词修饰时,只能用that不能用which(2022新高考Ⅰ卷考点):
I don’t have much money that I can lend you. 我没有太多钱可以借给你。
考点全归纳
考点2 考查定语从句的引导词
三、who
who在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时who可省略),先行词指人。当其用于限制性定语从句中时,可与that互换。
My sister, who is a teacher, works in a primary school. 我的姐姐是一名老师,在小学工作。(who作主语,指人)
The girl who/that won the prize is my classmate. 获奖的女孩是我的同学。(who/that作主语,指人)
四、where
where在从句中作地点状语,先行词为表地点和场所的名词。
The school where I studied ten years ago has changed a lot. 我十年前就读的学校变化很大。(where 指代The school,作地点状语。)
1. 考查限制性定语从句的引导词时,还有以下几种情况只能用that不能用which。
(1)先行词为all, little,few,much,everything,anything,none,nothing等不定代词时:
All that he said is true. 他说的都是真的。
(2)先行词被the only,the very,the same和all,any,every,each,little,few等修饰时:
She is the only person that can solve the problem. 她是唯一能解决这个问题的人。
I will do any work that you assign to me. 你分配给我的任何工作我都会做。
知识拓展
考点全归纳
1. 考查限制性定语从句的引导词时,还有以下几种情况只能用that不能用which。
(3)先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时:
This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen. 他说的都是真的。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时:
They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。
2. where在定语从句中作地点状语,先行词大多数情况下是明显的表地点的名词。但有时先行词也可以是一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:case,situation,position,point,stage,state,scene,circumstance,condition等,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种情况下”。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。
知识拓展
考点全归纳
真题验证:
(1) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2025全国一卷)
(2) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
〖限制性定语从句,设空处作主语,先行词指物〗
(3) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, Willian Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
which/that
考点全归纳
〖非限制性定语从句,设空处作主语,先行词指物〗
which
〖非限制性定语从句,设空处作主语,先行词指人〗
who
真题验证:
(4) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新全国Ⅰ卷)
(5) “There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023全国甲卷)
〖限制性定语从句,设空处作状语,先行词指地点〗
where
考点全归纳
that
〖限制性定语从句,设空处作主语,先行词指物,且先行词被that修饰〗
考点全归纳
请完成 P56“应考基础训练”
考点全归纳
考点3 考查名词性从句的引导词
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,在句中可充当句子的主语、宾语、表语或同位语,所以名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的引导词有连接词that、whether/if,连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever,连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever。
近五年全国卷语法填空对名词性从句的引导词考查较少,暂时只考查过连接代词what和连接副词why(2019全国Ⅰ卷考查过同位语从句的连词that)。另外,浙江卷和北京卷也考查过连词whether/if。
考点全归纳
考点3 考查名词性从句的引导词
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
名词性从句的引导词 主语从句 2021新高考Ⅰ卷 What 作主语
宾语从句 2024全国甲卷 what 作主语
表语从句 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 why 从句不缺成分(作原因状语)
一、what
连接代词what在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,表示“所……的(事物/内容)”,相当于the thing(s) that/which或all that。
What she said made me confused. 她所说的话让我困惑。(主语从句,what作宾语)
I don’t know what he wants. 我不知道他想要什么。(宾语从句,what作宾语)
The problem is what we need to solve first. 问题是我们首先需要解决的。(表语从句,what作宾语)
考点全归纳
考点3 考查名词性从句的引导词
二、why
连接副词why在名词性从句中充当原因状语,表示“…… 的原因”,其引导的从句通常解释主句中的reason,problem,mystery等与“原因”相关的抽象名词。
The mystery is why she left without a note. 谜团是她为什么不留字条就离开。(表语从句)
I want to know why she left without saying goodbye. 我想知道她为什么不辞而别。(宾语从句)
三、that
连接词 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,仅起连接作用,无实际含义。其引导的从句通常表示 “事实” 或 “陈述内容”。
That he won the competition surprised everyone. 他赢得比赛让所有人都惊讶。(主语从句,that无实义,从句陈述“他赢比赛”这一事实。)
She believes (that) he will keep his promise. 她相信他会遵守承诺。(宾语从句,that无实义,可省略)
The news that he won the prize spread quickly. 他获奖的消息迅速传开了。(同位语从句,that无实义,从句解释news 的内容)
考点全归纳
考点3 考查名词性从句的引导词
四、whether和if
连接词whether/if在名词性从句中表示 “是否”,引导含疑问意义的从句。两者在引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可互换,若后接or not,只能用whether。另外,引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether,不用if。
He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 他问我们周日是否会去钓鱼。(宾语从句)
I need to know whether or not you can finish the project by Friday. 我需要知道你是否能在周五前完成项目。(宾语从句)
Whether he will attend the meeting is unknown. 他是否会参加会议仍然未知。 (主语从句)
The question is whether we can finish on time. 问题是我们是否能按时完成。(表语从句)
真题验证:
(1) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.(2024全国甲卷)
〖宾语从句,设空处作主语〗
(2) This is ______ they need an English trainer. (2023新全国Ⅱ卷)
(3) ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. (2021新全国Ⅰ卷)
what
why
What
〖主语从句,设空处作主语〗
考点全归纳
〖表语从句,从句不缺成分,设空处作原因状语〗
考点全归纳
请完成 P58左栏“应考基础训练”
考点全归纳
考点4 考查状语从句的引导词
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫作状语从句,可用来修饰主句或主句中的动词、形容词或副词。根据状语从句的作用或功能,可以分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句等。状语从句的种类众多,对应的引导词也有很多,在此不一一赘述。
近年高考语法填空对状语从句引导的考查主要以时间状语从句和方式状语从句为主。
考点归纳 高频考点 年份·卷别 关键词 考点描述
状语从句的引导词 方式状语从句 2023全国甲卷 as 从句不缺成分(作方式状语)
考点全归纳
考点4 考查状语从句的引导词
一、时间状语从句的引导词
用于引导时间状语从句的连词比较多,如表示“当……的时候”的when,while,as;表示“在……之前/后”的before和after;表示“自从”和“直到”的since和until,till等。但高考语法填空对时间状语从句的引导词的考查以when和as为主。
when常译为“当……时”,既可以表示主句动作与从句同时发生,也可以表示从句动作先于主句发生。as常译为“当……时”,大多数情况下可与when互换;有时也译为“随着;一边……一边……”。
When/As the earth travels round the sun, it turns around on its own. 地球绕太阳转的同时还自转。
As the city grew, traffic problems became more serious. 随着城市发展,交通问题愈发严重。
考点全归纳
考点4 考查状语从句的引导词
二、方式状语从句的引导词
引导方式状语从句的词主要有as,as if,as though等。其中高考中最为常见的是as。as表示“以……方式”,从句动作与主句动作一致。
Do as I told you, and you won’t make mistakes. 按我告诉你的做,你就不会出错。
She behaves as her mother does. 她像母亲一样行事。
真题验证:
(1) _________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全国卷Ⅲ)
(2) Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023全国甲卷)
as
When/As
〖时间状语从句〗
〖方式状语从句〗
考点全归纳
请完成 P48“应考基础训练”
请完成 P58右栏“应考基础训练”
课后请完成《精准应考训练》第15页
THANK YOU!
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