板块二 第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦情态动词和虚拟语气两大核心考点，按“考点梳理-真题对接-综合应用”逻辑架构，情态动词部分通过单句语法填空和完成句子强化基本用法，虚拟语气细分条件句（含省略倒装、错综时间）、名词性从句、特定句式（if only/as if等）三大模块，配合表格归纳不同时间虚拟的动词形式，通过考点解析、方法提炼、高考真题演练（如天津卷、北京卷实例）帮助学生构建知识网络。 讲义突出“情境化应用”和“思维分层”特色，如“语篇打造”环节设计书信写作任务，要求学生在真实语境中运用虚拟语气（如“Without your help, I couldn’t have...”），提升语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质。设置从单句填空到语篇写作的分层练习，结合模拟题和高考题即时反馈，助力学生在有限时间内突破易错点，为教师精准把控复习进度、提升课堂效率提供实用教学支架。

第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一　情态动词 （1）单句语法填空 ①Your cousin 　must　 have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County， didn’t he？ He looks amazingly different. ②The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could 　have expressed　 （express） it indirectly. ③This 　may　 have been an improvement， but “breakthrough” was an overstatement. ④I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t 　have eaten　 （eat） so much fried chicken just now. ⑤You ought to 　have come　 （come） to the party yesterday， but why didn’t you come？ （2）完成句子 ①安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿意听她的话。 Angela reasoned with Simon， trying to persuade him to change his mind， but Simon 　would not listen to her　. ②你不必道歉；任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。 You 　don’t have to apologize　； it can happen to anybody to be late.Come and sit down. ③就我个人而言，我认为你不妨抓住这个机会，否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。 Personally， I think you 　may as well seize the chance　， or you’ll probably never get another once you miss it. ④在这种情况下，如果说有什么话题需要避免，那一定就是人们的收入。 Under the circumstances， if there is any topic that needs avoiding， it 　must be people’s income　. ⑤我奶奶已经七十多岁了，但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。 My grandma is over seventy， but 　she can still read without glasses　. 考点二　虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况 1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式（be用were） should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If he had time now， he would （should/could/might） go to the cinema with you.　（与现在事实相反） 如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去看电影的。 If you had come a few minutes earlier， you would （should/could/might） have met the famous singer you dreamt of.　（与过去事实相反） 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个你梦寐以求的著名歌手了。 If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening， they would （should/could/might） not go out.　（与将来事实相反） 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。 2.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。 Had he caught the morning train， he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。 3.错综时间条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。 If we had booked a table earlier， we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue now.（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟） 如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。 4.含蓄条件句 （1）有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而用but for， without等介词（短语）来表示。 We wouldn’t have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 （2）用连词otherwise， or等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。 He reminded me of the meeting， otherwise I would have forgotten it. 他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。 （3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 She would have come to see you， but she was so busy that day. 她本想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。 　单句语法填空 　①I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I 　would have gone　 （go） there with them. ②If he 　had listened　 （listen） to the teacher attentively yesterday， he would know the answer to the problem now. ③If he 　had lain　 （lie） quietly as the doctor instructed， he wouldn’t suffer so much now. ④Had you studied harder at college， you 　would/could get　 （get） a better job now. 二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况 1.在“it is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”。 It’s vital that we （should） take our safety driving along the road seriously. 我们应该重视道路安全驾驶，这是至关重要的。 2.在would rather （that）后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I’d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 我宁愿他前天和我一起去了海边。 3.句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句）部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 4.动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 事实情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 　单句语法填空 ①It is essential that these application forms 　（should） be sent　 （send） back as early as possible. ②It is strongly recommended that the machines 　（should） be checked　 （check） every year. ③How I wish I 　hadn’t tried　 （not， try） to repair the cell phone！ I only made it worse. ④My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life 　（should） be encouraged　 （encourage） to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. ⑤My husband is always talking about the economy， but I’d rather he 　focused　 （focus） more on our children’s education. 三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式（be动词一般用were） would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式（be动词一般用were） would/could/should/might＋动词原形 it is （high） time （that）... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 点津 在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是判断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。 　单句语法填空 ①I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class.If only I 　had completed　 （complete） my homework last night！ ②They stared at me as if I 　had come　 （come） from the outer space. You shouldn’t 　　　　　 （scold） him for his poor performance.After all， he had done his best. 分析：have scolded　根据前后句关系可知，此处表示“本不该”， shouldn’t have done指做了本不该做的事，前面已有shouldn’t，故填have scolded。 If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers， I wouldn’t 　　　　　 （be） where I am. 分析： be　此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would do形式。前面已有wouldn’t，故填be。 一、模拟选萃 1.The doctor recommended that the medicine 　（should）be taken　 （take） three times a day. 2.She did not know what pursuing dance 　would　 bring her，but only took on the challenge with her full passion and love for dance. 3.Typically，the seals are carved into stone，but they can also 　be made　 （make） of wood，bamboo，or bone. 二、高考连线 4.（天津卷）The workers were not better organized， otherwise they would 　have accomplished　 （accomplish） the task in half the time. 5.（北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they 　had driven　 （drive） a few more kilometers. 6.（江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village， and I wish I 　had　 （have） a second chance to become more involved. 一、词语推敲 1.if条件句的虚拟 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）如果我没有充分利用这次机会为写作比赛做准备，我就不会获得一等奖。 If I hadn’t made the most of the chance to prepare for the writing contest， I wouldn’t have gained first prize. 运用：如果我没读英文报Youth，我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。 If I 　hadn’t read the English newspaper Youth　， I 　wouldn’t have made such great progress in English　. 2.利用It’s high time that ...表虚拟 （2022·全国甲卷）总之，是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 All in all，it is high time that we should devote/devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean. 运用：总之，现在是我们提高环境保护意识的时候了。 In a word， 　it is high time that we should raise/raised our awareness of environmental protection　. 3.should的适当运用 我建议你先上听说课，理由如下。 I recommend that you should take the Listening and Speaking course first for the following reasons. 运用：按要求，想要参加的同学需准时到报告厅看电影并参与讨论。 　It is required that anyone who wants to participate should arrive at the lecture hall on time　 to watch the movie and take part in the discussion. 二、语篇打造 　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意情态动词和虚拟语气的运用。 Dear Eric， 　　I’m Li Hua.Do you still remember me？ I studied in your school for 3 months a couple of years ago.I’m very grateful for your help during my study in the US.At that time， you often recommended that 1.　I （should） make new friends and adapt to the new life　 （我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活）.Without your help， 2.　I couldn’t have enjoyed my life there so much　 （我不能那么享受我在那儿的生活）.Besides， if you hadn’t helped me， 3.　my English couldn’t have improved so quickly　 （我的英语就不可能提高得那么快）. 　　By the way， do you know how everything is going with Mr Smith？ I failed to contact him after I left America.I’d appreciate it 4.　if you could offer me his e-mail address or telephone number　 （如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码）.I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you were free during this winter holiday， how I wish 5.　you could come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture　 （你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化）！I would rather that 6.　you spent the Spring Festival with us happily　 （你和我们一起欢度春节）.I’m sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you.I would be very happy 7.　if you were to accept my invitation　 （如果你能接受我的邀请）. 　　I am looking forward to your coming. 　Yours， 　Li Hua 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $