选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2 Onwards and upwards-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（外研版）

写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.have read some English classics 读过一些英文名著 􀳁2.worthy of being attended 值得参加 􀳁3.in heavy debt 负债累累 􀳁4.an electric blanket 一张电热毯 􀳁5.greet the dawn 迎接黎明 􀳁6.a permanent job 一份长久的工作 􀳁7.a literary prize 文学奖 􀳁8.①guarantee success in the next exam 保证下次考试成功 ②under guarantee 在保修期内 􀳁9.①a steady pace 稳定的速度 ②the relaxed pace of life in the country 乡间悠闲的生活节奏 􀳁10.①dread being ill 害怕生病 ②fill me with dread 使我充满恐惧 语境记忆 􀳁11.upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的 One day， as it started snowing， Maggie stood by a pond behind their house， feeling upset. 一天，当开始下雪时，玛吉站在他们房子后面的池塘边，感到心烦意乱。 （心理描写） 􀳁12.contest n.比赛，竞赛 There’ll be a short video contest with the theme of the worldwide influence of traditional Chinese culture next month in my school. 下个月，我们学校将举办一个以中国传统文化的世界影响为主题的短视频比赛。 （告知信） 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.manuscript n.手稿，底稿 􀳁2.rye n.黑麦 􀳁3.best-seller n.畅销书；畅销产品 􀳁4.laureate n.重要奖项获得者 􀳁5.companionship n.友谊；友好交往 􀳁6.perfume n.香味 􀳁7.intoxicate v.使兴奋，使陶醉 􀳁8.pageant n.盛大的（露天）演出 􀳁9.probe v.调查；探究 􀳁10.revelation n.展现，显示 􀳁11.workaday adj.平凡的；平淡的 􀳁12.amid prep.在……之中 􀳁13.haunt n.（某人）常去的地方 􀳁14.descend v.降临；来临 􀳁15.mighty adj.强有力的；雄伟的 􀳁16.tactile adj.触觉的 􀳁17.relish n.享受，乐趣 􀳁18.morsel n.（尤指食物的）一小片，一小块 教材例句 􀳁19.（北师大必修一） There are no shortcuts — no one can become a long-distance runner overnight！ adv.突然，一下子 􀳁20.（人教选必一） In this sense， the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.Nevertheless， it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. adv.然而，不过 􀳁21.（译林选必四） As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft. n.提纲，大纲 派生词汇识记 1.inform v.通知，告知→information n.信息 􀳁2.rarely adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀少的 􀳁3.rejection n.拒绝，否决→reject v.拒绝；排斥 􀳁4.persevere v.锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n.坚持不懈；耐性 􀳁5.criticism n.批评；指责→criticise v.批评 􀳁6.endurance n.（忍）耐力→endure v.忍耐，容忍 􀳁7.delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n.使人高兴的事 vt.& vi.使高兴→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 􀳁8.enthusiastic adj.热心的， 热衷的→enthusiasm n.热情，热忱→enthusiast n.热衷者 􀳁9.elect v.选举，推选→election n.选举 􀳁10.blessing n.幸事，幸运→bless vt.祝福；保佑 􀳁11.appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.感激，欣赏→appreciation n.感激 􀳁12.mere adj.仅仅，只不过→merely adv.仅仅，只不过 􀳁13.gentleness n.和蔼，温和→gentle adj.温和的 􀳁14.embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass v.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪 1.字母组合aw发/ɔː/音汇总 ①dawn n.黎明，破晓 ②yawn v.打哈欠 ③awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的 ④awful adj.让人讨厌的，糟糕的；骇人听闻的 ⑤jaw n.颌，颚；下巴 ⑥strawberry n.草莓 2.归类记忆法：“说”法荟萃 ①inform vt.通知，告知 ②whisper vi.& vt.小声说；耳语 ③chat vi.& n.聊天；闲聊 ④announce vt.宣告；宣布 ⑤declare vt.宣布；声明 3.“动词＋down”短语荟萃 ①turn down 拒绝 ②put down 写下；镇压 ③set down 记下；写下；登记 ④settle down 定居；平静下来 ⑤cut down 砍倒 ⑥calm down 平静下来 第一组 1.regret to do sth　　很遗憾要做某事（还没有做） 􀳁2.take ...for example　　以……为例 􀳁3.have ...in common　　有……共同点 􀳁4.along with　　和……一起 􀳁5.turn down　　拒绝 􀳁6.have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响 􀳁7.be proud of　　以……为豪 􀳁8.worthy of　　值得……的 􀳁9.care about　　关心 第二组 10.be appreciative of　　感激 􀳁11.in particular　　特别，尤其 􀳁12.be aware of　　意识到 􀳁13.knock over　　撞倒 􀳁14.all too often　　有太多时候，太过频繁 􀳁15.live life to the full　　过充实的生活 􀳁16.build character　　磨炼意志；塑造品格 􀳁17.develop personal fitness 增强个人身体素质 􀳁18.a cross-country run　　越野赛跑 􀳁19.a journal entry　　日记 1.句式：only修饰状语从句且放在句首时，句子用部分倒装 原句：Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。 2.句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 原句：Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...” 坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……” 3.句式：have sth done 意为“让某事被做；使……遭遇不幸” 原句：Emily Brontë had to pay to have her poetry published. 艾米莉·勃朗特不得不花钱出版她的诗。 4.句式：as if引导方式状语从句 原句：I who am blind can give one hint to those who see：Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind.我，一个盲人，可以给看得见的人一个忠告：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。 　　Good morning， my dear friends！ Today， I want to talk about dreams. 　　My dream is to become a successful writer.I know that it is not an easy path.There will be rejections and setbacks along the way.Nevertheless， I believe that with perseverance and hard work， I can make my dream come true. 　　I know that the road to success is never easy， but I am willing to put in the effort and endure any challenges.I am confident that with endurance and determination， I can guarantee a delightful outcome. 　　In conclusion， it’s worthwhile having a dream as it gives us purpose and passion in life.Let us all be enthusiastic and appreciative of our dreams， and work towards making them a reality.Thank you. （一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快 阅读单词知意 请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。 □1.overnight adv.突然，一下子 □2.nevertheless adv.然而，不过 □3.manuscript n.手稿，底稿 □4.rye n.黑麦 □5.best-seller n.畅销书；畅销产品 □6.laureate n.重要奖项获得者 □7.companionship n.友谊；友好交往 □8.outline n.外形，轮廓 □9.intoxicate v.使兴奋，使陶醉 □10.pageant n.盛大的（露天）演出 □11.probe v.调查；探究 □12.revelation n.展现，显示 □13.workaday adj.平凡的；平淡的 □14.mighty adj.强有力的；雄伟的 □15.tactile adj.触觉的 □16.perfume n.香味 核心单词练通 1.　pace　 n.速度；进度 􀳁2.　classic　 n.名著；经典作品 􀳁3.　worthwhile　 adj.重要的；值得做的 􀳁4.　blanket　 n.毯子，毛毯 􀳁5.　worthy　 adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 􀳁6.　dawn　 n.黎明，破晓 􀳁7.　permanent　 adj.长久的；永久的 􀳁8.I guarantee to pay off my 　debts　（债务） on time， no matter what happens. 􀳁9.With free Chinese movies and songs available， the app is 　guaranteed　（保证） to make you immersed in the charm of language. 􀳁10.All these 　outcomes　 （结果） are compared with predictions made by the well-known scientist. 􀳁11.It is said that only two students will be elected to take part in the coming English speech 　contest　 （比赛）. 􀳁12.I was so 　upset　（心烦意乱的） that I got into bed， pulled the covers over my head and cried. 拓展单词用活 1.　rejection　 n.拒绝，否决→　reject　 v.拒绝；排斥 􀳁2.　criticism　 n.批评；指责→　criticise　 v.批评 􀳁3.　endurance　 n.（忍）耐力→　endure　 v.忍耐，容忍 􀳁4.　enthusiastic　 adj.热心的， 热衷的→　enthusiasm　 n.热情，热忱→　enthusiast　 n.热衷者 􀳁5.　elect　 v.选举，推选→　election　 n.选举 􀳁6.　blessing　 n.幸事，幸运→　bless　 vt.祝福；保佑 􀳁7.　appreciative　 adj.感激的→　appreciate　 vt.感激，欣赏→　appreciation　 n.感激 􀳁8.　mere　 adj.仅仅，只不过→　merely　 adv.仅仅，只不过 􀳁9.　gentleness　 n.和蔼，温和→　gentle　 adj.温和的 拓展单词用活 􀳁10.To be honest， my brain can’t hold so much 　information　 （inform） at one time. 􀳁11.Anger is 　rarely　 （rare） looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and we are usually advised to reduce it. 􀳁12.He took great 　delight　 in proving others wrong.When he did it， he felt 　delighted.But I don’t think what he did is 　delightful　.（delight） 􀳁13.It is natural that you should feel 　embarrassed　 when an 　embarrassing　 thing happens.（embarrass） 􀳁14.Great 　perseverance　 is needed in 　persevering　 in teaching and staying with her pupils in this remote mountain area.（persevere） （二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效 先 写 对 再 用 准 第 一 组 1.　regret to do sth　　很遗憾要做某事（还没有做） 􀳁2.　take for example　 以……为例 􀳁3.　have ...in common　 　有相同的特征（或特点等） 􀳁4.　dream of　　　梦想 􀳁5.　along with　　　和……一起 􀳁6.　turn down　　　拒绝 􀳁7.　due to　　　由于 􀳁8.　have a positive effect on　　　对……有积极的影响 1.Though Lucy and Lily are twins， they 　have　 little 　in common　 with each other. 􀳁2.I 　regret to　 inform you that your contract will not be renewed. 􀳁3.Surprisingly， your staff 　turned down　 my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of the book. 􀳁4.As a child， he 　dreamed of　 growing up to be a surgeon， but he set off on a musical path as a teenager. 􀳁5.A woman rescued after being buried for about 132 hours 　due to　 the building collapse was found alive. 先 写 对 再 用 准 第 二 组 1.　be proud of　　　　以……自豪 􀳁2.　worthy of　　　值得……的 􀳁3.　care about　　　　　关心 􀳁4.　appreciative of　　　感激 􀳁5.　in particular　　　特别，尤其 􀳁6.　be aware of　　　意识到 􀳁7.　give one hint to　　　给……一个提示 􀳁8.　knock over　 　　撞倒 1.I think the proposal he put forward makes sense and is 　worthy of　 being tried. 􀳁2.So excited did she become that she accidentally 　knocked over　 the box in an attempt to get closer. 􀳁3.What the parents 　are proud of　 is that their daughter is admitted into her dream university. 􀳁4.　In particular　， you should pay more attention to the mistakes. （三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高 句型公式 句式仿写 1.句型公式：have sth done 意为“让某事被做；使……遭遇不幸” 教材原句： Emily Brontё had to pay to have her poetry published. 1.为了环保，我们最好将这些废品进行回收利用。 （倡议书） For environmental protection， we’d better 　have these wastes recycled　. 􀳁2.句型公式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 教材原句：Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...” 􀳁2.不要放弃，迟早你会实现你的梦想。 （建议信） 　Don’t give up and you’ll realize your dream sooner or later.　 3.句型公式：only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且放在句首时，句子用部分倒装 教材原句：Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 􀳁3.只有展示真实的成绩，我们才能知道下一步努力的方向。 （告知信） 　Only by showing our real grades can we know　 the direction of our next effort. Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破 　　Everyone has a dream to realize.When you take part in a contest but you 　　　　 （inform）❶ that you fail it， you are upset.When you apply for a job but what you receive is always 　　　　 （reject）❷， you are not delighted.When you are enthusiastic 　　　　❸ doing what you think is right but you hear a lot of criticism， you may be annoyed.Nevertheless， it is time for you to persevere.Stop feeling upset.Instead， be appreciative and develop your endurance，　　　　❹ is certain to lead to a good outcome sooner or later. 微技能热身 1.①处but后的inform与you之间为被动关系，应填　are informed　。 􀳁2.②处应填　rejection　。 􀳁3.③处为固定短语，应填　about　。 􀳁4.④处应填　which　，引导　非限制性定语　从句。 upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不安的；不适的 vt.（upset， upset， upsetting） 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①（新高考Ⅱ卷） I was upset 　to learn　 （learn） that many sea animals eat plastic garbage， thinking it is food. ②He arrived an hour late， completely 　upsetting　 （upset） our plan for the picnic. 【写美】 句型转换 ③I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor， which upsets me. →　It upsets me that　 I don’t know enough words and that my grammar is also poor.（it作形式主语） →　What upsets me is that　 I don’t know enough words and that my grammar is also poor.（what引导的主语从句） 【归纳】 （1）be upset about/over/at sth　为某事心烦/难过 be upset to do sth　　 对做某事感到不安/难过 be upset that ...　　……让人不安 （2）what upsets sb is ...　　　让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb to do sth/that ...　　让某人心烦的是…… 【佳句】 It upsets her to think about the rejection she met with in the interview. （情感描写） 一想到在面试中遭遇的拒绝，她就很心烦。 【点津】 upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。 delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①The town is in a 　delightful　（delight） situation in a wide green valley. ②（全国甲卷） Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted 　to welcome　 （welcome） another calf to our black rhino family. 【写美】 一句多译 ③（2023·1月浙江卷） 我非常高兴能拥有此次了解我们周围植物的机会。 →I 　am more than delighted　 to get the chance to get to know the plants around us.（delighted） →　Much to my delight　， I get the chance to get to know the plants around us.（delight n.） 【归纳】 （1）be delighted at/with/by ...　对……高兴 be delighted to do sth　　很高兴做某事 （2）delight n.[U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事 vt.& vi.（使）高兴 to one’s delight＝to the delight of sb 令某人高兴的是 with/in delight　　高兴地，乐意地 （3）delightful adj.　　令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 【佳句】 To our delight， many endangered species are being protected by the government now. （动物保护） 令我们高兴的是，许多濒危物种现在正受到政府的保护。 　　When my father was young， he got 　　　　❶ heavy debts because of his poor family.But he helped those in need as if nothing 　　　　（happen）❷ to him.He didn’t regret doing so.In his opinion， it’s worthwhile for him 　　　　 （care）❸ for some people who were less fortunate than him.Only when he helped them out did he feel❹ delighted.He had been trying to be a worthy person.At last， he set up his own company and became very rich.It was his kindness and endurance 　　　　❺ guaranteed him a success. 微技能热身 1.①处为固定短语，应填　into　。 􀳁2.②处表示与过去事实相反，应填　had happened　。 􀳁3.③处为固定句式，应填　to care　。 􀳁4.④处为“only＋状语从句”引起的　部分倒装　。 􀳁5.⑤处应填　that　，构成　强调　句型。 句型公式：as if引导状语从句或表语从句 【教材原句】 I who am blind can give one hint to those who see： Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. 我，一个盲人，可以给那些能看见的人一个忠告：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。 【写美】 微写作/句式升级 ①汤姆在运动场上不耐烦地跑来跑去，好像正在寻找丢失的东西。 Tom is running impatiently here and there on the sports ground 　as if he was searching for something lost　. ②凌晨3点42分，一切开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。 （场景描写） At 3：42 am， everything began to shake.It 　seemed as if the world were coming to an end　. ③Tom is running impatiently here and there on the sports ground 　as if searching for something lost　.（用省略句改写句①） 【归纳】 as if （＝as though）在本句中引导方式状语从句，它也可用在系动词后引导表语从句。as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态： as if/ though 【佳句】 I felt lost and anxious， as if I had missed something of value. （心理描写） 我感觉失落、焦虑，好像我错过了有价值的东西。 worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①This article is well worth 　reading　 （read）， but it is not worthy 　of being translated/to be translated/of translation　 （translate）. 【写美】 一句多译 ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）这幅画值得赞扬，因为它生动地展现了大自然的魅力。 →This painting 　is worth praising　 because it vividly shows the charm of nature.（worth） →　It is worthwhile praising/to praise　 this painting because it vividly shows the charm of nature.（worthwhile） 【归纳】 （1）worthwhile常用的结构： It’s worthwhile＋ 做某事是值得的 （2）worth常用的结构： be worth＋钱数（表示价值的数量词） 值多少钱 sth be worth it 　　 　　某事值得一做 be （well） worth doing　　（很）值得做…… （3）worthy常用的结构： be worthy＋ 值得做…… 【点津】 worthwhile意为“值得做的”时，既可以作表语，也可以作定语。 句型公式：“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首的倒装句 【教材原句】 Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时，我才意识到我还有那么多没有看到。 【写美】 微写作/一句多译 ①只有这样你才能拍出反映一种文化的照片。 　Only in this way can you take pictures　 that are a reflection of a culture. ②只有当我在电话里听到他的声音时，我才完全体会到他对我所表现出的善意。 →Only when I heard his voice on the phone 　did I fully appreciate the kindness he had shown me　.（倒装） →　It was only when I heard his voice on the phone that　 I fully appreciate the kindness he had shown me.（强调句） 【归纳】 （1）条件：only放在句首修饰状语（通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等）时，句子需要部分倒装； （2）结构：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。 【佳句】 Only then did he realize that he was equal to the job， which filled him with a sense of achievement. （人物描写） 直到那时他才意识到自己能胜任这份工作，这使他充满了成就感。 【点津】 only置于句首直接修饰主语时不倒装。 Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全 维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义 1.upset A.adj.不高兴的 B.v.搅乱 C.v.使生气 （1）（全国乙卷）However， some high sugar brands， like Classic Coca Cola， have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. 　　C　 （2）（全国Ⅲ卷） I do know how upset the shop staff can get， but I try to persuade them to keep smiling. 　　A　 （3）（天津卷）Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. 　　B　 􀳁2.词义猜测 （1）He gave up his job and was in a low mood because he couldn’t stand the working pace. 　n.节奏　 （2）I am in debt to him for his help， so whenever he is in trouble in the future， I will assist him without hesitation. 　n.人情债　 维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.（2022·全国甲卷） Don’t get caught making an 　embarrassing　 （embarrass） mistake at a restaurant. 􀳁2.（北京卷）Moore is enthusiastic 　about　 the candy she created， and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. 􀳁3.（浙江卷） Very early in the morning， Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts 　at　 dawn on my farm，” he said. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.He 　has something in common with his brother　 （和他的弟弟有一些共同点） and they get on well with each other. （人物介绍） 􀳁2.It was John that 　knocked over the bottle on the table　 （把桌子上的瓶子打翻了）. 􀳁3.We should 　be appreciative of our parents’ unconditional love　 （感激父母无条件的爱） and selfless dedication. （倡议书） Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能 人物介绍——我所尊敬的人 　　（全国Ⅰ卷）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1.我很高兴有李华，一个17岁的少年，作为我最好的朋友。（delighted） 　I am more than delighted to have Li Hua， a 17-year-old teenager， as my best friend.　 􀳁2.他让我知道他在读什么书，这激励我读更多的书。（keep sb informed of） 　He keeps me informed of what book he is reading， which motivates me to read more books.　 􀳁3.一旦我想放弃，他会说：“坚持下去，你迟早会取得进步的。”（祈使句＋and＋陈述句） 　Once I want to give up， he will say， “Keep trying and you will make progress sooner or later.”　 􀳁4.每当别人或我因考试不及格而感到尴尬时，他会毫不犹豫地来帮助我们。（embarrassed） 　Whenever others or I am embarrassed at failing the exams， he always comes to our assistance without hesitation.　 􀳁5.这就是我最尊敬的李华。我相信有这么一位优秀的朋友在我身边，我会变得越来越好。 　Such is Li Hua I respect most.I have the confidence that with such an excellent friend around me， I will become better and better.　 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目 The Person I Respect 　　There are many respectable people around us.　I am more than delighted to have Li Hua， a 17-year-old teenager， as my best friend.　 　　　First and foremost， he keeps me informed of what book he is reading， which motivates me to read more books.Additionally， once I want to give up， he will say， “Keep trying and you will make progress sooner or later.” Last but certainly not least， whenever others or I am embarrassed at failing the exams， he always comes to our assistance without hesitation.　 　　　Such is Li Hua I respect most.I have the confidence that with such an excellent friend around me， I will become better and better.　 厚积薄发，下笔有神 亮 词 情感描写： debt， dread， delighted， delight， delightful， enthusiastic， upset， appreciative， gentleness， embarrassed 动作描写： persevere， elect， probe， descend 人物描写： criticism， endurance， fingertip， companionship， haunt 美 句 While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part， perseverance is the key.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...” （升华句） 动作描写之动“手臂” 词汇 美句 单 词 动词：wave， fold， catch， grab， pull， open， throw， cross ①Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the falling child. （动作链） 亨利跑了一百米，跳过一个1.2米高的围栏，然后伸出双臂去接住坠落的孩子。 ②The teacher bent down， gave this little boy a warm hug and kissed him gently on the forehead. （动作链） 老师弯下腰，给了这个小男孩一个温暖的拥抱，并在他的额头上轻吻了一下。 短 语 ①wave one’s arms挥动手臂 ②fold/cross one’s arms交叉双臂 ③take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊 ④catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊 ⑤pull sb into one’s arms把某人搂在怀里 ⑥hold out/open one’s arms伸出/张开双臂 ⑦arm in arm 臂挽着臂 情境导语 在一个晴朗的午后， Tom和Joan在公园里散步。他们之间因为一些小事发生了争吵，Joan一直板着脸，看起来很生气…… 第一步　完成句子 1.她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。 She stood there 　with her arms crossed/folded　， looking very angry.（with 复合结构） 􀳁2.他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。 He 　held out/opened his arms　， smiling.（简单句） 􀳁3.她转过身，和他保持一定的距离。 She 　turned around and kept him at arm’s length　. （简单句） 􀳁4.他只得走近她，伸手抓住她的左胳膊。 He had to approach her and 　reached out to catch/grab her left arm　.（动作描写） 􀳁5.他挽住她的胳膊，低声道歉说：“对不起。” He 　took her arm　， whispering an apology， “I’m sorry.” （简单句） 􀳁6.他们臂挽着臂走着回家了。 They 　walked home arm in arm　.（简单句） 第二步　连句成文 　　　She stood there with her arms crossed/folded， looking very angry.He held out/opened his arms， smiling.She turned around and kept him at arm’s length.He had to approach her and reached out to catch/grab her left arm.He took her arm， whispering an apology， “I’m sorry.” Finally， they walked home arm in arm.　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 􀳁　　（2025·宁波二模）The day I met Hani Irmawati， she stood alone in the parking lot of the International school， a shy seventeen-year-old in worn clothing.Despite the school’s policy against Indonesian students， she approached me， begging to improve her English.When I inquired about her motivation， expecting a local job search， she quietly expressed her dream of attending an American university. 　　Moved by her determination， I volunteered to help her after school.Each day， Hani woke at dawn， studying on the bus to her public high school， then joining me in the afternoon， exhausted but eager to learn.Despite her struggles with college-level English， her perseverance amazed me. 　　Hani’s family lived modestly， her parents working as a custodian and a maid.Their income couldn’t support her American university aspirations， dampening my initial optimism. 　　In December 1998， a scholarship opportunity arose， but upon reviewing the requirements， I despaired.Hani lacked the extra-curricular experience and standardized test scores typical of applicants.Despite my discouragement， she remained resolute， asking me to submit her application.Unable to refuse， I completed the application， highlighting her courage and perseverance.I warned her of slim acceptance odds， but she remained steadfast. 　　In the following weeks， Hani intensified her English studies， and I arranged for her to take the Test of English Fluency.The computerized test posed a significant challenge for her.Just before departing for the test， she received a letter from the scholarship association.I began reading the letter with her， only to discover she’d been accepted. 　　Overjoyed， I celebrated while Hani stood quietly， perhaps bewildered by my shock.In that moment， I realized what Hani had known all along： success requires not just intelligence， but also the drive to persevere and the courage to believe in oneself. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩Hani Irmawati为了自己上大学的梦想，努力学习英语，最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。 1.What motivated Hani to improve her English？（　　） A.Pressure from family members. B.Curiosity about foreign languages. C.Job prospects in the local community. D.Ambition of entering an American university. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的When I inquired about ... attending an American university.可知，进入一所美国大学的抱负促使哈尼提高她的英语水平。 􀳁2.What can we infer about the difficulties that Hani had？（　　） A.Hani’s parents were unsupportive of her dream. B.Hani was uninterested in extra-curricular activities. C.Hani’s application form was not submitted on time. D.Hani was not academically qualified for the scholarship. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Hani lacked the extra-curricular experience and standardized test scores typical of applicants.可知，哈尼在学术上不符合获得奖学金的条件。 􀳁3.How did the author likely feel upon discovering Hani’s acceptance to the scholarship？（　　） A.Surprised and proud. B.Relieved but envious. C.Touched and honored. D.Shocked but concerned. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当作者得知哈尼获得奖学金时，他感到惊讶和自豪。 􀳁4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A.From Shyness to Success B.A Scholar’s Journey C.The Power of Perseverance D.Hani’s Unrealistic Dream 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了17岁女孩Hani Irmawati为了自己上大学的梦想，努力学习英语，最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。因此，C项（毅力的力量）可作文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 􀳁　　In late 2021， I began to have a little bit of a midlife crisis.When my father was 48 years old， he had a heart attack that nearly ended his life.As I 　5　 my midforties， I knew that I needed to make a change in my life.I wanted to do something 　6　 to prove to myself and everyone else around me that I wasn’t going to have the same fate. 　　As I was trying to determine what kind of 　7　 that I wanted to set， I found a 　8　 called The Rut.The Rut is a series of races that are 　9　 in Big Sky， Montana every September.There are multiple distances， but the 28-kilometer 　10　 is the most popular， as well as the most 　11　 of the entire series.This race is regularly listed in the top ten most difficult races in the world.It involves almost 8，000 feet of elevation （海拔） 　12　.This was the type of race I was 　13　. 　　I also did a detailed training 　14　.Even if I was traveling for business， I would stick to it and never 　15　 a workout （训练）.And then came the race day. 　　That day， Big Sky， Montana，was unseasonably 　16　， almost 100 degrees Fahrenheit.The race is going almost entirely above tree line，which means that you just are 　17　 to the elements （恶劣天气） nearly the entire time.Many people 　18　 out of the race halfway.But I finished it.When I reached the finish line， I was greeted by my wife and children， also friends that had traveled with us to Big Sky that day.This was the biggest challenge I had made for myself， but I 　19　 it. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中年危机开始时，打算作出一些改变，使自己有不同的命运，最后选择了The Rut中的一项比赛，并成功完成。 5.A.finished　 B.designed C.approached　 D.changed 解析：C　第一段谈到作者在2021年年底开始有中年危机，因为其父亲48岁时，心脏病发作，几乎失去生命。所以本句指的是作者接近四十五六岁时，知道需要改变自己的生活了。 􀳁6.A.public　 B.big C.equal　 D.dangerous 解析：B　根据prove to myself and everyone else around me that I wasn’t going to have the same fate可知，作者想向自己和周围的其他人证明，他不会有同样的命运。由此可知，作者想做一些大事。 􀳁7.A.record　 B.test C.goal　 D.trap 解析：C　根据下文作者为了比赛而坚持训练可知，作者在决定设定哪种目标。 􀳁8.A.race　 B.training C.town　 D.place 解析：A　根据下文The Rut is a series of races可知，作者发现了一个名为The Rut的比赛项目，故用race。 􀳁9.A.adopted　 B.created C.covered　 D.hosted 解析：D　根据in Big Sky， Montana every September 可知，The Rut这种比赛项目是每年九月在Montana举办。adopt采用（某方法），采取（某态度）；create创造，创作，创建；cover覆盖，包含，包括；host主持，主办。 􀳁10.A.distance　 B.display C.competition　 D.game 解析：A　根据There are multiple distances可知，此处是说28千米的距离是最受欢迎的。distance距离；display陈列；competition竞争，比赛；game游戏，比赛。 􀳁11.A.exciting　 B.challenging C.breathtaking　 D.surprising 解析：B　根据下文This race is regularly listed in the top ten most difficult races in the world.可知，这个比赛是最具有挑战性的。exciting令人兴奋的；challenging具有挑战性的；breathtaking令人兴奋的，激动人心的；surprising令人吃惊的。 􀳁12.A.ride　 B.trouble C.gain　 D.show 解析：C　根据语境可知，这里是对这个比赛的难度的说明，所以应该是“这个比赛是在海拔几乎8，000英尺的地方举行”。gain（数量或水平的）增加，升高。 􀳁13.A.changing for　 B.leaving for C.paying for　 D.looking for 解析：D　根据上文I wanted to do something以及下文对作者坚持训练的介绍可知，作者认为这个比赛就是自己所寻找的目标。 􀳁14.A.plan　 B.service C.exchange　 D.center 解析：A　根据下文I would stick to it可推知，空处说的是作者制定了详细的锻炼计划。 􀳁15.A.served　 B.missed C.offered　 D.followed 解析：B　根据stick to可知，作者从没有错过一次训练。miss错过。 􀳁16.A.hot　 B.cool C.mild　 D.common 解析：A　根据almost 100 degrees Fahrenheit可推知，天气很热。unseasonably表示“不合季节地，违反时令地”。 􀳁17.A.expected　 B.used C.exposed　 D.proved 解析：C　根据上文可知，比赛那天，天气异常炎热。再结合the elements （恶劣天气）可知，此处是说，比赛几乎完全沿着林木线进行，这意味着你几乎所有时间都暴露在恶劣天气下。be exposed to暴露于，为固定用法。 􀳁18.A.kept　 B.took C.hid　 D.dropped 解析：D　根据halfway可知，由于天气异常炎热，许多人半路就退出了比赛。drop out of退出。 􀳁19.A.forgot　 B.made C.caught　 D.appreciated 解析：B　根据but I 　19　 it可知，虽然这是作者为自己作出的最大的挑战，但最后作者成功了。make it成功。 Ⅲ.语法填空 􀳁　　（2025·南京联考）China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years， kicking off with bricks made of moon soil， according to scientists related to the project， the local news agency reported.Ding Lieyun， 20.　　　　　　 leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology， told local media that the first brick 21.　　　　　　 （make） from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028. 　　China has previously said its lunar base will 22.　　　　　　 （like） be powered by nuclear energy， and will include a lander， hopper， orbiter and rover， all of 23.　　　　　　 would be constructed by the Chang’e 6， 7 and 8 missions.It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview 24.　　　　　　 the entire base will be built with lunar soil. 　　“Eventually， building habitation 25.　　　　　　 the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration， but also for China’s 26.　　　　　　 （strategy） needs as a space power，” Ding said in a separate interview. 　　The moon is believed 27.　　　　　　 （contain） a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years， meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources. 　　Yu Dengyun， from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation， provided an 28.　　　　　　 （update） timeline for the next three Chang’e missions.Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon， Chang’e 7 will blast off the following year to search for water-ice，29.　　　　　　 Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国计划在大约四年内开始在月球上建造一个月球基地，该计划将以月球土壤制成的砖块作为开端。 20.a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，scientist 为可数名词，且leading的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 21.would be made　考查时态和语态。make是that引导的宾语从句的谓语，它和the first brick之间为被动关系，并且make的动作发生在told 之后，则用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be made。 22.likely　考查副词。空处作状语，应用副词。故填likely。 23.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，a lander， hopper， orbiter and rover是先行词，它在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。 24.if/whether　考查从属连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，意为“是否”。故填if/whether。 25.beyond/outside　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处应用介词，表示“在……之外”。故填beyond/outside。 26.strategic　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰needs，意为“战略的”。故填strategic。 27.to contain　考查非谓语动词。be believed to do sth表示“被认为做某事”。故填to contain。 28.updated　考查非谓语动词。update和timeline之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用过去分词作定语，意为“最新的”。故填updated。 29.and　考查并列连词。Chang’e 6和Chang’e 7以及Chang’e 8是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。 10 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $