板块四 第一讲 名词和数词-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦名词（数、所有格、后缀）和数词（序数词、年龄年代表达等）核心考点，按“考点细化—规则解析—真题应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（如抽象名词具体化规则）、方法指导（名词后缀转换技巧）、真题训练（2024-2025年全国卷及地方模拟题单句语法填空）三个环节，帮助学生构建语法知识网络，突破高频易错点。 讲义采用“真题导向+规则可视化”教学策略，如通过抽象名词具体化对比表格（success→a success）、数词不规则变化清单（first/second等）引导学生分析归纳，培养思维品质和语言应用能力。设置基础真题（2023-2024全国卷）、提升模拟题（2025张家界二模）分层练习，配合考点解析和错误归因，确保高效突破。为教师提供清晰考点清单和实战资源，助力精准规划复习进度，提升学生应考能力。

第一讲　名词和数词 考点一　名词 　　名词是一种实词，表示人、物、地点或抽象概念等的统一名称，它可以分为专有名词和普通名词。名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、同位语等成分。在高考中主要考查名词的数、名词所有格和常见名词后缀。 一、名词的数 1.可数名词 2.不可数名词 抽象名词具体化指具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。 抽象名词 具体化 success成功 a success 一个（件）成功的人或事 failure 失败 a failure 一个（件）失败的人或事 抽象名词 具体化 surprise惊讶 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事 pleasure乐意 a pleasure 一件乐事 honour荣誉 an honour 一件引以为荣的事 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·全国甲卷）They are 　treasures　 （treasure） of American heritage （遗产）. ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）These plants included modern Western 　favourites　 （favourite） such as rosemary， lavender and fennel. ③（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）They also need to be ready to give 　interviews　 （interview） in English with international journalists. ④（2023·1月浙江卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China， almost every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with historic 　events　 （event）. ⑤　Failure　 （fail） to keep the chemical at the right temperature could lead to explosion. ⑥（2025·张家界二模）The railway not only further facilitates the flow of people and trade between China and Laos， but promotes the recovery of tourism and other 　industries　 （industry）， and brings vitality to the development between these two countries. 二、名词所有格 　单句语法填空 ①（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）“He saved my 　son’s　 （son） life，” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know how to thank him.” ②It is calculated by dividing a 　person’s　 （person） weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. ③He goes to work by car. His house is two 　hours’　 （hour） drive from his office in the city. ④Unlike older generations who might favour Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were born and raised when the 　country’s　 （country） economy was taking off， so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture. ⑤Among the Han people， which make up a vast majority of 　China’s　 （China） total population， the passage into adulthood is no longer celebrated， except in those very traditional families. 三、名词后缀 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 　visibility　 （visible）， said Edmondson， adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. ②（2024·1月浙江卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 　 criticism　 （criticize） that they lead to waste. ③（2024·全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed （承诺） to promote the idea at the 　completion　 （complete） of their journey. ④The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers.An adult male can grow up to 2.9 meters in 　length　 （long） and weigh as much as 300 kilograms. 考点二　数词 1.序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如：the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first、 second、 third、 fifth、 eighth、 ninth、 twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时，要用不定冠词。 2.年龄、年代的表达法：表示“在某人几十多岁时”用“in one’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”；表示“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。 3.基数词dozen、 score、 hundred、 thousand、 million等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several、 some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of（后有these、 those或代词宾格时可跟of）；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。 4.基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符“-”连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应用单数形式，如：a four-hour journey。 5.分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于一时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two-sevenths七分之二。 　单句语法填空 ①（2023·全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures， and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 　sixth　 （six） century B.C. ②I’ve always loved the ocean. In the 　ninth　 （nine） grade， I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. ③In the summer holiday following my 　eighteenth　 （eighteen） birthday， I took driving lessons. ④Though in her 　seventies　 （seventy）， she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop. （浙江卷）In 1844， they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser， who performed their 　　　　 （marry） ceremony in 1842. 分析：marriage　由设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处应用名词形式；结合设空后的ceremony可知，此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry的名词形式为marriage。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。 （新高考Ⅰ卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 　　 （human） are. 分析：humans　句意：当你站在山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海时，你就会想到我们人类是多么渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，human应用复数形式。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $