专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·六安一中·期末） This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves break temperature records worldwide. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air conditioner and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact. Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify (除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense (冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant (干燥剂) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit. However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.” “Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.” 1．Why does the author talk about record heat in the first paragraph? A．To make comparisons. B．To support his theory. C．To introduce the topic. D．To show cooled places. 2．What does Transaera say about its system? A．It’s available in the market. B．It’s time-honoured. C．It’s the most efficient model. D．It’s energy-saving. 3．What is Nicole Miranda’s attitude to just upgrading air conditioners? A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 4．What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling? A．Companies will offer various options. B．A comprehensive approach is required. C．We can address the issue once and for all. D．Our first priority is to lower electric bills. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。过去的7月份气温再创新高，人们愈发依赖空调带来的清凉，但能耗随之剧增，进而加剧气候变化。如何破除这种恶性循环，需通盘考量。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history.(今年七月是人类历史上最热的月份)”并结合下文可推断，作者在此提及高温天气是为了引出文章的话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit.(总部位于马萨诸塞州的初创公司Transaera声称，它正在开发的系统可以比普通标准空调机组少消耗35%的能源)”可知，Transaera公司研发的制冷设备低耗节能。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,’ says Nicole Miranda... ‘Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.’(妮可·米兰达说，简单地用一个更好的型号更换所有现有的空调并就此结束是行不通的相反，一个真正凉爽的未来将不得不采用其他策略。将绿色植物和水体引入城市以利用自然气流至关重要)”可推断，Nicole Miranda并不赞同仅通过空调技术的更新迭代来消除空调的影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.”(非营利组织ClimateWorks的专家Sneha Sachar说：“冷却是一个涉及多方面的挑战。”。“没有一个策略或答案。我们需要更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术，以及更好地理解空调的真正成本不仅仅是电费。”)”可推断，Sneha Sachar认为要解决制冷问题，需综合考虑多方面因素。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·淮北一中·期末） We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people from switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 5．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 6．What does the underlined word “incentives” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 7．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 8．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但是电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳，实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done?(但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选D。 6．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people from switching to electric power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和划线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. (比如通过降低进口税来降低价格，以及不收取道路税和停车费。)”可知，划线词后的举例是对incentives的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选C。 7．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Currently, battery life is an issue (目前，电池寿命是一个问题)”以及“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. (成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”可知，C项“在全球交通完全电动化的道路上有四个障碍”是错误的。最后一段讲到“But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future (但是科林·赫伦警告说“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳排放的未来)”可知，A项“电动汽车将创造一个零碳的未来”是错误的。第二段还讲到“The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑中，然后才会发展为汽车)”可知，D项“首先将固态电池应用于电动汽车将是一次“大跃进””是错误的。根据第二段“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，因此，“电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞”是正确的说法。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推测出，A项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·安徽合肥·期末） Mobile phones have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have prevented students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them. Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction(悲伤的事) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams. She said some schools had tried not to let students use mobile phones at school. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at the school offices. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school. They were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have mobile phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 9．Middle schools are prevented from carrying mobile phones ________ . A．because they often talk with their friends B．when they are free from homework C．when they are at school D．because they cheat in exams 10．Some children get mobile phones ________ . A．by telling lies to their parents B．by making trouble in class C．from their parents and friends D．from some mobile phone users 11．Which of the following statements is true? A．No school in Australia has done anything about the mobile phone use among students. B．Teachers don’t allow the students to leave their mobile phones at school offices. C．Some students had their mobile phones stolen at school. D．Parents give their children mobile phones for no good reason. 12．It is implied（暗含） in the passage that ________ . A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons B．it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phone at school C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school D．parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school hours 【答案】9．C 10．C 11．C 12．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论中学生在校携带手机的问题。老师和家长对此态度不一。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some middle schools in Australia have prevented students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.(在澳大利亚的一些中学禁止学生上学时间携带手机)”以及第三段“Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction(悲伤的事) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms(一个官员Mary Bluett 说，学生上学期间带手机是件悲伤的事，他们常在教室给老师带来麻烦)” 可知，上学期间学生带手机有弊端，学校要禁止。C.when they are at school ( 学生上学时）与原文吻合。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them.(一些孩子得到的圣诞礼物就是手机，更多的学生想得到手机)”可知，一些学生得到手机是他们的父母或者朋友给他们送的礼物。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some middle schools in Australia have prevented students from carrying mobile phone during school hours.(在澳大利亚的一些中学禁止学生上学时间携带手机)”可知，A. No school in Australia has done anything about the mobile phone use among students (在澳大利亚没有学校对学生携带手机采取措施)错误；根据第五段“Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school offices.(许多老师说学生不应该在学校带手机。但是，如果有正当理由，他们可以将手机留在学校办公室)”可知，B. Teachers don’t allow the students to leave their mobile phones at school offices.(老师不允许学生将手机留在办公室)错误；根据第五段最后一句“They were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.(手机很容易丢失，也分散学生的注意力）”可知，C.Some students had their mobile phones stolen at school.(一些学生的手机在学校被偷)正确；根据第四段“Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children.(一些父母不高兴，因为他们不能和他们的孩子保持联系）”可知，父母让孩子带手机，主要是想和孩子联系方便。D. Parents give their children mobile phones for no good reason.(父母给孩子手机没有理由）错误。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mobile phones have become a problem for middle schools.(手机已经成为中学生的一个问题）”可知文章谈论的主题是学生带手机问题。接下来分析了中学生在校带手机的弊端，指出除非有正当理由，可以将手机留在学校办公室，否则还是不要带手机到学校，以免造成不必要的麻烦。因此这篇文章暗含学生最好上学期间不带手机，以免影响学业，除非有特殊理由。因此A.students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons(学生不应该带手机，除非有特殊原因）符合语境 ，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 13．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 14．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proven. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 15．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 16．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.( 如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，老话是这么说的。它指的是不经常使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态。例如，你有几年没有做过的爱好，比如弹钢琴。下次你拿起它的时候，也许你已经完全忘记了！为了防止这种情况，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能锋利。)”可知，第一段中提到了长时间不弹钢琴，再次弹奏时可能会完全忘记，是为了说明前面提到的那句老话“If you don’t use it, you lose it.”的意思，即如果不经常使用某样东西，它就会迅速陷入衰退状态。因此，提到弹钢琴的目的是阐释这句老话的含义。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities.( 玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏表现，但这在人们的日常认知能力方面尚未显示出令人信服的结果。)”可知，玩在线健脑游戏可能会提高游戏表现，但在人们日常认知能力方面的效果并不令人信服，即好处在日常认知能力方面不明显。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health.( Age UK的首席科学家詹姆斯·古德温(James Goodwin)表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。)”可知，对大脑健康有益的活动是对你来说新的且需要集中注意力的。B 选项 “玩一个不需要太多思考的熟悉游戏”，既不新也不需要集中注意力，不能帮助预防大脑衰退。故选B项。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do.( 只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康，指出尽管一些人认为在线益智游戏可以改善大脑健康，但证据不足。此外，文章推荐寻求新的活动，挑战思维方式，参与社交，同时养成健康的生活方式，这些都可以为大脑健康带来好处。因此，文章的主旨大意是“参与新的具有挑战性的活动有益于大脑健康”。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·合肥六中·期末） In today’s digital age, there exists a phenomenon (现象) where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information. Although there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this effort gets in the way of practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By taking action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s important not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 17．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find related information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 18．What does the author try to advocate in paragraph 3 and 4? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Taking practical action without delay. C．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. D．Focusing on theoretical knowledge in study. 19．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To show the importance of making mistakes. C．To stress the need for parental guidance. D．To illustrate learning through action and experience. 20．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Balance of Learning and Doing. B．The Process of Accessing Information. C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge. D．The Significance of Hands-on Experience. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出在数字时代，过度追求信息会阻碍目标的实现，倡导在学习和行动间取得平衡，通过行动和经验来达成目标。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. (考虑一个你渴望实现一个特定目标的情况。你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你接受的信息越多，你的理解力反而越弱。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更复杂、更遥不可及)”可知，过多信息使目标看起来更复杂、更遥不可及，造成的困惑会阻止人们实现目标。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段“This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information.(这种情况是一个常见的陷阱：无休止地追求更多的信息)”和第四段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. (实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和行动之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得自己有点准备不足)”可知，作者在第三、四段倡导不要无休止地追求更多的信息，而是立即采取实际行动。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段“This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot.(这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和第五段中“The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. (与婴儿学走路的比较就是一个很好的例子。婴儿不是通过坐着分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路、摔倒，然后从每次摔倒中了解哪些方法可行，哪些不可行来学习。通过反复努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于实现目标)”可知，提到“婴儿学走路”的例子是为了说明要通过行动和经验来学习。故选D项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. (实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和行动之间取得平衡)”和最后一段“Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions.(学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的目标前进)”可知，本文主要论述了学习和行动要保持平衡。故A项“The Balance of Learning and Doing.(学习和实践的平衡)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·江淮名校·期末） At school our children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world. On Jun. 21st, the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis joined forces to launch an online petition (请愿) to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. They said that children from 5 to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most confusing omissions of the curriculum. As the Personal Finance Education Group (PFEG)points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. PFEG predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious traps that many of their parents have fallen unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.” The UK has been in the grasp of the worst financial recession for generations. It does seem odd that — unless parents step in — young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. Chris Tapp, from money education charity Credit Action, puts it succinctly (言简意赅地) : “It’s like we’ve been sending out people to drive without first giving them instruction and then being shocked when they crash. It’s a no-brainer. Everybody needs to manage money and use financial products wisely and I wholeheartedly support this call to ensure that giving every child the opportunity to learn about finance.” In a recent poll of over 8 000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while3% said it was a job for parents. I am in favor of the majority. And what do you think — is it up to Parents to encourage good habits or should financial education be entrusted to schools? 21．What conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph? A．Children at school focus their attention upon studies. B．Children at school don’t get the financial education. C．Children who do well in their mathematics can open an account. D．Children at school can’t adjust to the complex and demanding world. 22．What can we infer according to Martin Lewis? A．It is essential to teach students money management. B．Financial education should be carried out in every country. C．Children should save their pocket money to pay for their tuition fees. D．It is effective for consumer campaigners to launch an online petition. 23．What is Chris Tapp’s purpose of referring to car crash? A．To stress the importance of financial education. B．To tell us how terrible the traffic condition in the UK is. C．To tell us the importance of financial ideas for a country. D．To explain what an important role the government plays. 24．What’s the author’s attitude towards financial education? A．Neutral. B．Doubted. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了经济教育的匮乏以及家长们对于学校增加经济教育课程的呼吁。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“At school our children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.(在学校里，我们的孩子被教导加减法，但不同寻常的是，他们没有学会如何开通银行账户，更不用说如何在日益复杂和苛刻的世界中管理自己的财务。)”可知，学校不会教孩子们开通银行账户、管理资金等，因此孩子们在学校接受不到经济教育。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“On Jun. 21st, the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis joined forces to launch an online petition (请愿) to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England.(6月21日，育儿网站Mumsnet和消费者活动家Martin Lewis联手发起了一项在线请愿，要求将金融教育作为英国学校课程的必修内容。)”可知，Martin Lewis加入了让经济教育成为学校必修课程的请愿，故可推断出他认为教学生金钱管理是有必要的。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Chris Tapp, from money education charity Credit Action, puts it succinctly (言简意赅地) : “It’s like we’ve been sending out people to drive without first giving them instruction and then being shocked when they crash. It’s a no-brainer. Everybody needs to manage money and use financial products wisely and I wholeheartedly support this call to ensure that giving every child the opportunity to learn about finance.”(来自金钱教育慈善机构Credit Action的Chris Tapp简洁地说：“这就像我们一直派遣人们开车，然而却没有事先给他们指导，当在他们撞车时，却感到很惊讶。这是显而易见的。每个人都需要明智地管理金钱和使用金融产品。我全心全意地支持这一呼吁，以确保每个孩子都有机会学习金融。”)”可知，以Chris Tapp撞车为比喻，是为了说明后文所提的每个人都需要明智地管理金钱和使用金融产品，其目的是为了强调经济教育的重要性。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In a recent poll of over 8 000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while3% said it was a job for parents. I am in favor of the majority.(在一项针对8000多人的民意调查中，97%的人支持在学校进行金融教育，而3%的人表示这是父母的工作。我支持大多数人。)”可知，97%的人支持在学校进行金融教育，而作者支持大多数人，由此可知，作者对经济教育的态度是支持的。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期末） Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be inspired one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On”. 25．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports. B．Research papers. C．Sales and promotion. D．Daily conversations. 26．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They’re socially inactive. B．They’re good at telling stories. C．They’re inconsiderate of others. D．They’re careful with their words. 27．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research? A．Sports news. B．Science articles. C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews. 28．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide. B．Online News Attracts More People. C．Reading Habits Change with The Times. D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks. 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传说只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息快很多。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中““The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.( 宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）的学者乔纳•伯杰（Jonah Berger）表示：“‘如果流血’原则适用于大众媒体。”)”可知，像“if it bleeds’”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体。故选A项。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”(但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你会更关心他们的反应。你不想让他们认为你是黛比·唐纳（Debbie Downer）。)”可知，我们能从Debbie Downer这样的人身上推断出他们不为别人着想。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.( 他最初的发现之一是，科学版块的文章比非科学版块的文章更有可能上榜。)”可知，根据Berger博士的研究，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论。故选B项。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.( 通过跟踪人们的电子邮件和网上帖子，科学家们发现，好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。)”可知，好消息在网络上传播更快，影响更深远，在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息快很多。故文章最适合的标题是“在社交网络上好消息胜过坏消息”。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau spent the years 1845—1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side of Walden Pond. He called this period of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous paragraph: I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. There is great wisdom in Thoreau’s purpose here, and I think it’s very useful to ask ourselves this question: What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life? If Thoreau’s quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film Dead Poets Society, a movie with deep wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher tries to convince them that they should live life well now instead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals. Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing that we can ever do. But it actually is as simple as it sounds—though “simple” is not quite the same thing as “easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of always looking for fame and glory, there is the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within our own spirit. When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes. Our best move is to start small. If we are having a meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every single day. 29．What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreau’s words? A．Stay away from city life. B．Live one’s life to the fullest. C．Only nature can bring happiness. D．One can never be too old to learn. 30．Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society? A．To recommend a good film. B．To praise the teacher’s wisdom. C．To state its connections with Thoreau. D．To further illustrate Thoreau’s wisdom. 31．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s seeking for approval? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconcerned. 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Thoreau outshines ancient philosophers’ B．Thoreau exposes the true meaning of life. C．Thoreau’s philosophy on life remains valuable. D．Thoreau’s practical advice ensures a successful life. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对于梭罗哲学的思考—人应该有意识地活着。他的哲学在当今社会仍然很有价值。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. (我希望活得深刻，吸取生命中所有的精华。)”可知，梭罗表达了人应该要充实地活着。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. (他的部分论点是引用了梭罗的这段名言。)”可知，文章提及《死亡诗社》这部电影是为了更深入地阐释梭罗的思想。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. (阻碍我们从生活中获得最大收获的是我们对赞许和名声的渴望。)”可推断，作者对于人们对名声的追求持批判态度。故选A项。 32．推理判断题。根据文中的“Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. (让我们花点时间来思考一下美国最杰出的哲学家之一亨利·大卫·梭罗的话。)”及全文内容可知，文章是对于梭罗的哲学进行的思考—人需要有意识地生活。他的哲学在当今社会仍然很有价值。故选C项。 Passage 8 （24-25高一上·芜湖一中·期末） 2500 years ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently, they would no longer need to memorize. It is easy to consider him as an old man complaining about change. Today a different debate about the dangers of another technology—computers—and the typing people do on them. As primary school students return for a new school year, many will rely on computers to take notes and write papers. This worries many parents and professors. A line of research shows the benefits of handwriting. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling random words to better grasping ideas. The students taking notes by hand perform better on tests when they are later able to study from their notes. The effect even existed when the students who typed were instructed to retell the material in their own words. Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have noticed it. Though America’s “Common Core (核心)” course from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade, about half the states since then have mandated(强制执行) more teaching of it. In Sweden, there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to forbid most computers. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will finally need typing skills. And typing can improve the quality of writing: being able to get ideas down quickly can obviously be beneficial. Virginia Berninger, a professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is an advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist—she says there are benefits for “manuscript” print—style writing, for cursive(草书)(which allows greater speed) but also for typing (which is good practice for writing passages). Since students spend more time on devices as they age, she argues for occasional “tuning up” of handwriting in later school years. 33．What did Socrates think of writing according to paragraph.1? A．Writing would occupy the time that students spent studying. B．Writing as an unexpected change would be refused by students. C．Writing would do harm to the development of students’ memory. D．Writing was a proper way for students at that time to learn well. 34．How does the author support the argument in paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By making a comparison. C．By referring to other researches. D．By using the policymakers’ words. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the ban on most computers in some schools? A．Supportive. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. 36．What is Virginia Berninger’s advice according to the last paragraph? A．School teaching should combine handwriting and typing. B．Handwriting should be the main form of school teaching. C．Students should be made aware of the benefits of handwriting. D．Schools should strictly limit the time students spend on computers. 【答案】33．C 34．C 35．D 36．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨书写方式对学生学习的影响，并强调应该结合手写和打字等不同的书写方式，以全面促进学生的认知发展和学习能力提升。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“2500 years ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently, they would no longer need to memorize.(2500年前，苏格拉底抱怨写作会对学生造成伤害。有了永久存储想法的方法，他们就不再需要记忆了。)”可以推断，苏格拉底认为写作会损害学生的记忆力的发展。故选C项。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have noticed it. Though America’s ‘Common Core’ course from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade, about half the states since then have mandated more teaching of it. In Sweden, there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices.(许多研究证实了手写的好处，政策制定者也注意到了这一点。尽管美国2010年的“核心课程”不要求一年级以后继续进行手写教学，但从那时起大约有一半的州要求增加手写教学。在瑞典，推动更多的手写和印刷书籍，减少设备的使用。)”可以推断，作者通过引用其他研究来支持手写的好处这一论点。故选C项。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to forbid most computers. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will finally need typing skills. And typing can improve the quality of writing: being able to get ideas down quickly can obviously be beneficial.(然而，美国的一些学校系统甚至禁止使用大多数计算机。这是过于极端的。有些学生有残疾，使得手写尤其困难。几乎所有学生最终都需要打字技能。打字可以提高写作质量：能够快速记录想法显然是有益的。)”可以推断，作者对一些学校禁止计算机的做法持否定态度。故选D项。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Virginia Berninger, a professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is an advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist—she says there are benefits for ‘manuscript’ print-style writing, for cursive (which allows greater speed) but also for typing (which is good practice for writing passages). Since students spend more time on devices as they age, she argues for occasional ‘tuning up’ of handwriting in later school years.(华盛顿大学的心理学教授Virginia Berninger是手写的倡导者。但她并不是纯粹主义者——她说，手写印刷体风格、草书（允许更快的速度）和打字（有助于练习写作）都有好处。随着年龄的增长，学生花在设备上的时间越来越多，她主张在高年级偶尔进行手写的“调校”。)”可以推断，Virginia Berninger的建议是学校教学应结合手写和打字。故选A项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽安庆·期末） When we think about happiness, we usually think of something surprising and unexpected, a top great delight. For a child, happiness has a magic quality. I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at the tops of pleasure is easily seen, such as winning a race or getting a new bike. For teenagers, or people under 20, the idea of happiness changes. Suddenly, it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also recall the great happiness of being invited to another event to dance with a very handsome young man. In adulthood the things that bring great joy — birth, love, marriage — also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. Love may not last; loved ones die. For adults, happiness is complex. My dictionary explains “happy” as “lucky” or “fortunate”, but I think a better explanation of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy for us not to notice the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to love where we please, and even good health. Nowadays, with so many choices and much pleasure, we have turned happiness into one more thing we have. We think we own the right to have it, which makes us extremely unhappy. So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier. While happiness may be more complex for us, the answer is the same as ever. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us. It’s the ability to find a positive for every negative and view a difficulty as a challenge. Don’t be sad for what we don’t have, but enjoy what we do possess. 37．According to this passage, Middle School students look at happiness mainly in terms of _______. A．academic achievement B．spiritual satisfaction C．friendship D．material gains 38．The author thinks that when one dreams wealth and finally gets it he __________. A．can realize what happiness is B．may consider it extreme happiness C．may not end up with happiness D．should not feel satisfied with himself 39．According to the passage, happiness lies in the ability to __________. A．think of something pleasant B．experience delight at an old age C．feel the magic quality of pleasure D．enjoy what one has at the moment 40．The passage aims to tell __________. A．the constant dream of happiness B．the great importance of happiness C．the real meaning of happiness D．the changing idea of happiness 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过列举各年龄段对幸福的不同理解，告诉我们幸福的真正含义就是享受某物的能力，享受我们现在所拥有的东西。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“For teenagers, or people under 20, the idea of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also recall the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.”（对于青少年或20岁以下的人来说，幸福的观念发生了变化。突然之间，它取决于兴奋、爱和受欢迎程度这些东西。我仍然能感受到没有被邀请参加一个几乎所有人都要参加的派对的痛苦。我还记得在另一次活动中，我被邀请与一位非常英俊的年轻人跳舞时的那种巨大的快乐。）可知中学生眼中的幸福指兴奋、爱和受欢迎程度，即精神上的满足，故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第五段“Nowadays, with so many choices and much pleasure, we have turned happiness into one more thing we have. We think we own the right to have it, which makes us extremely unhappy. So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.”（如今，有这么多的选择和这么多的快乐，我们把幸福变成了我们拥有的另一件事。我们认为我们有权利拥有它，这让我们非常不开心。所以我们努力去获得它，并认为它等同于财富和成功，却没有注意到拥有这些东西的人并不一定更快乐。）可知作者认为我们努力去获得像财富、成功等这些东西，但我们拥有后发现自己并不快乐和幸福。故选C。 39．细节推理题。根据第五段“I think a better explanation of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.”（我认为对幸福更好的解释是“享受某件事的能力”。我们越能享受我们所拥有的，我们就越快乐）和最后一段最后一句“Don’t be sad for what we don’t have, but enjoy what we do possess.”（不要为我们没有的而悲伤，而要享受我们拥有的）可知幸福就是享受某物的能力，享受我们现在所拥有的东西。故选D。 40．推理判断题。作者通过列举各年龄段对幸福的不同理解，告诉我们幸福的真正含义就是享受某物的能力，享受我们现在所拥有的东西。所以短文的目的是告诉我们幸福的真正含义。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末） On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength（强度）— first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high-ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But the New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies （人体模型）. Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1． What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2． Robert Salzar would probably agree that . A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D．passengers should know how to protect themselves 3． We can learn from the text that . A．Airplane seat makers have taken action now B．There are few complaints about airplane seats C．Those seated people near the overweight may suffer too D．Only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be OVERWEIGHT BY 2030? C．When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是议论文。随着肥胖人群的增多，目前的飞机座椅能否保证他们的安全？本文围绕这一问题展开了论述。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. ”（《纽约时报》的Christine Negroni报道说，工程师和科学家正在质疑飞机座椅的构造是否足以保护超重旅客）可知，这个报道主要关注的是肥胖乘客乘坐飞机的安全问题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salzar”（如果一个体重较重的人完全占据了一个座位，那么在坠机过程中，这个座位就不太可能发挥应有的作用）可知，肥胖乘客乘坐飞机时，座椅不一定能够保证他们的安全，故可推断Robert Salzar很可能希望提高飞机座椅的强度标准。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““ If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered by ‘ the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.””（如果座椅或安全带失灵，”他说，“乘客不受控制的移动可能会危及坐在附近的乘客）可知，肥胖乘客周围的乘客也可能会有危险。故选C。 4． 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers.”（《纽约时报》的Christen Negroni报道称，工程师和科学家正在质疑飞机座椅的构造是否足以保护超重旅客）结合全文内容，可知本文主要讲了随着肥胖人群的增多，目前的飞机座椅能否保证他们的安全？本文围绕这一问题展开了论述。本文第一段引出话题；第二段首句为全文中心句，点明了文章的主旨，即目前的飞机座椅是否能够保证肥胖乘客的安全，故D项“飞机上的座位对超重的人来说安全吗?”为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·安徽蚌埠·期末） It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 5．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Causing great excitement. B．Making someone feel frightened. C．Making someone want to do something. D．Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. 6．What can we learn from the small study? A．The volume of music affects concentration. B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C．Different types of music lead to different performances. D．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. 7．What do Taj and Danela have in common? A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B．They use music to help with their paper-writing. C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Can Music Change Mood? B．Is Music Related to Reading? C．Should Students Listen to Music? D．Does Music Help Concentration? 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了音乐是否有助于集中注意力。 5．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. (在安静中完成阅读任务的学生得分最高。)”可知，在安静中完成阅读任务的学生得分最高，换句话说，音乐会影响学生的注意力，嘻哈等强度较高的音乐更容易让人分心，由此可知，画线单词意思是“使某人难以集中注意力”。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. (音量比音乐类型起着更重要的作用。研究发现，音量越大，注意力表现越差。)”可知，音量会影响注意力，音量越大，注意力表现越差，由此可知，我们可以从这项研究中得知音乐的音量影响注意力。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. (如果我一边听音乐一边看书，我就无法集中注意力。)”和最后一段关键句““Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. (“也许不是阅读，但说到数学，听音乐肯定会有所帮助，”丹妮拉告诉我。)”可知，两个人都认为在阅读时听音乐会影响注意力，由此可知，两个人的共同点是他们听音乐时不能专心阅读。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? (但这是真的吗？音乐有助于集中注意力吗？)”可知，本文主要讨论了音乐是否有助于集中注意力，“Does Music Help Concentration?”意为“音乐有助于集中注意力吗？”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽六安·期末） It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 9．Why does the author mention Dr. Johnson’s comment? A．Because Dr. Johnson is famous. B．To show that most people agree with Dr. Johnson. C．Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D．To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 10．According to the passage, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B．There is nothing special about the English weather. C．The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 11．What does the underlined word “draw” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．To explore. B．To attract. C．To ensure. D．To digitise. 12．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To analyse the weather in the UK. B．To explain what English weather-speak is about. C．To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D．To tell people that the English weather is changeable. 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。众所周知，英国人见面打招呼都是喜欢谈论天气．为什么英国人喜欢以天气为谈论话题呢？在本文中作者深层分析了其文化根源，这种日常问候的方式即是一种社会纽带。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” (众所周知，任何英语会话都是从天气开始的。这种对天气的痴迷可以在Dr.Johnson的评论中找到表达：“当两个英国人见面时，他们的第一个话题是天气。”)”可知，作者提到Dr.Johnson的评论旨在说明英国人见面总是以谈论天气开始。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.(人们的兴趣不在于现象本身，而在于不确定性。)”可知， Jeremy Paxman认为英国人谈论天气是因为天气的不确定性。故选D。 11．词句猜测题。根据上文“Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.” The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(然而，杰里米·帕克斯曼不同意布莱森的观点，他认为英国的天气天生就很吸引人。布莱森错了，他说，因为英国人对天气的偏好与自然现象毫无关系，“他们对现象本身的兴趣更少，而是对不确定性的兴趣。”)”可知，英国的天气变化无常，既吸引了英国人，也吸引了外地人。由此可知，draw意为“吸引”，和B项To attract意思接近。故选B。 12．推理判断题。全文从英国人见面招呼最喜欢问天气引入主题，为什么英国人那么喜欢以天气为话题，通过两个常见的错误观点的介绍，继而深层分析其文化根源——日常问候的方式、一种社会纽带。所以本文主要目的是解析英国人的weather-speak到底是关于什么的。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 13．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 14．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 15．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 16．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.( 如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，老话是这么说的。它指的是不经常使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态。例如，你有几年没有做过的爱好，比如弹钢琴。下次你拿起它的时候，也许你已经完全忘记了！为了防止这种情况，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能锋利。)”可知，第一段中提到了长时间不弹钢琴，再次弹奏时可能会完全忘记，是为了说明前面提到的那句老话“If you don’t use it, you lose it.”的意思，即如果不经常使用某样东西，它就会迅速陷入衰退状态。因此，提到弹钢琴的目的是阐释这句老话的含义。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities.( 玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏表现，但这在人们的日常认知能力方面尚未显示出令人信服的结果。)”可知，玩在线健脑游戏可能会提高游戏表现，但在人们日常认知能力方面的效果并不令人信服，即好处在日常认知能力方面不明显。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health.( Age UK的首席科学家詹姆斯·古德温(James Goodwin)表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。)”可知，对大脑健康有益的活动是对你来说新的且需要集中注意力的。B 选项 “玩一个不需要太多思考的熟悉游戏”，既不新也不需要集中注意力，不能帮助预防大脑衰退。故选B项。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do.( 只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康，指出尽管一些人认为在线益智游戏可以改善大脑健康，但证据不足。此外，文章推荐寻求新的活动，挑战思维方式，参与社交，同时养成健康的生活方式，这些都可以为大脑健康带来好处。因此，文章的主旨大意是“参与新的具有挑战性的活动有益于大脑健康”。故选D项。 Passage 5 （23-24高一上·安徽师范大学附属中学·期末） Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers. Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops. Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn’t like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice. 17．What does the underlined word “subjects” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Themes. B．Courses. C．People. D．Tests. 18．According to the author, why did Confucius open China’s first school? A．To teach both the poor and the rich. B．To become famous among China’s lower classes. C．To be accepted by the rulers of China. D．To be celebrated all over the world. 19．What can we know about Confucius from the passage? A．He was once a farmer guiding people farming. B．He was born in a politician family. C．He once acted as a math teacher. D．He devoted himself to social change. 20．What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Uncertain. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了春秋时期的政治家和哲学家孔子，介绍了孔子的个人经历，以及他著名的一些儒家思想。儒家思想认为，通过自我教育、热爱家庭、尊重传统，你可以成为一个更好的人。 17．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. (他想找到一种方法来帮助那些没有他幸运的人)”以及画线词上文“He didn’t like the way rulers treated their”可知，他想找到一种方法来帮助那些没有他幸运的人，说明他不喜欢统治者对待臣民的方式。故ruler指的是“统治者”，subjects的意思是“人民”。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He even opened China’s first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals. (他甚至开办了中国第一所平等教育穷人和富人的学校)”可知，孔子开办中国第一所学校是为了既教穷人也教富人。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段中“During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people.(在他的一生中，他教导了成千上万的人，为中国的变革播下了种子)”可知，孔子致力于社会变革。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice. (最终，他的自律哲学帮助中国统一在一个统治者之下，最终找到了和平。今天，孔子因其教育、平等、和平而不是战争、金钱和不公的哲学而受到全世界的颂扬)”可推知，作者对儒家思想的态度是支持的。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·六安一中·期末） This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves break temperature records worldwide. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air conditioner and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact. Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify (除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense (冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant (干燥剂) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit. However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.” “Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.” 1．Why does the author talk about record heat in the first paragraph? A．To make comparisons. B．To support his theory. C．To introduce the topic. D．To show cooled places. 2．What does Transaera say about its system? A．It’s available in the market. B．It’s time-honoured. C．It’s the most efficient model. D．It’s energy-saving. 3．What is Nicole Miranda’s attitude to just upgrading air conditioners? A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 4．What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling? A．Companies will offer various options. B．A comprehensive approach is required. C．We can address the issue once and for all. D．Our first priority is to lower electric bills. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·淮北一中·期末） We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people from switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 5．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 6．What does the underlined word “incentives” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 7．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 8．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases Passage 2 （23-24高一上·安徽合肥·期末） Mobile phones have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have prevented students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them. Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction(悲伤的事) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams. She said some schools had tried not to let students use mobile phones at school. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at the school offices. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school. They were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have mobile phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 9．Middle schools are prevented from carrying mobile phones ________ . A．because they often talk with their friends B．when they are free from homework C．when they are at school D．because they cheat in exams 10．Some children get mobile phones ________ . A．by telling lies to their parents B．by making trouble in class C．from their parents and friends D．from some mobile phone users 11．Which of the following statements is true? A．No school in Australia has done anything about the mobile phone use among students. B．Teachers don’t allow the students to leave their mobile phones at school offices. C．Some students had their mobile phones stolen at school. D．Parents give their children mobile phones for no good reason. 12．It is implied（暗含） in the passage that ________ . A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons B．it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phone at school C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school D．parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school hours Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 13．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 14．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proven. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 15．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 16．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·合肥六中·期末） In today’s digital age, there exists a phenomenon (现象) where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information. Although there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this effort gets in the way of practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By taking action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s important not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 17．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find related information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 18．What does the author try to advocate in paragraph 3 and 4? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Taking practical action without delay. C．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. D．Focusing on theoretical knowledge in study. 19．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To show the importance of making mistakes. C．To stress the need for parental guidance. D．To illustrate learning through action and experience. 20．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Balance of Learning and Doing. B．The Process of Accessing Information. C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge. D．The Significance of Hands-on Experience. Passage 5 （24-25高一上·江淮名校·期末） At school our children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world. On Jun. 21st, the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis joined forces to launch an online petition (请愿) to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. They said that children from 5 to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most confusing omissions of the curriculum. As the Personal Finance Education Group (PFEG)points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. PFEG predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious traps that many of their parents have fallen unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.” The UK has been in the grasp of the worst financial recession for generations. It does seem odd that — unless parents step in — young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. Chris Tapp, from money education charity Credit Action, puts it succinctly (言简意赅地) : “It’s like we’ve been sending out people to drive without first giving them instruction and then being shocked when they crash. It’s a no-brainer. Everybody needs to manage money and use financial products wisely and I wholeheartedly support this call to ensure that giving every child the opportunity to learn about finance.” In a recent poll of over 8 000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while3% said it was a job for parents. I am in favor of the majority. And what do you think — is it up to Parents to encourage good habits or should financial education be entrusted to schools? 21．What conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph? A．Children at school focus their attention upon studies. B．Children at school don’t get the financial education. C．Children who do well in their mathematics can open an account. D．Children at school can’t adjust to the complex and demanding world. 22．What can we infer according to Martin Lewis? A．It is essential to teach students money management. B．Financial education should be carried out in every country. C．Children should save their pocket money to pay for their tuition fees. D．It is effective for consumer campaigners to launch an online petition. 23．What is Chris Tapp’s purpose of referring to car crash? A．To stress the importance of financial education. B．To tell us how terrible the traffic condition in the UK is. C．To tell us the importance of financial ideas for a country. D．To explain what an important role the government plays. 24．What’s the author’s attitude towards financial education? A．Neutral. B．Doubted. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. Passage 6 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期末） Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be inspired one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On”. 25．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports. B．Research papers. C．Sales and promotion. D．Daily conversations. 26．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They’re socially inactive. B．They’re good at telling stories. C．They’re inconsiderate of others. D．They’re careful with their words. 27．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research? A．Sports news. B．Science articles. C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews. 28．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide. B．Online News Attracts More People. C．Reading Habits Change with The Times. D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks. Passage 7 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau spent the years 1845—1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side of Walden Pond. He called this period of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous paragraph: I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. There is great wisdom in Thoreau’s purpose here, and I think it’s very useful to ask ourselves this question: What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life? If Thoreau’s quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film Dead Poets Society, a movie with deep wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher tries to convince them that they should live life well now instead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals. Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing that we can ever do. But it actually is as simple as it sounds—though “simple” is not quite the same thing as “easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of always looking for fame and glory, there is the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within our own spirit. When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes. Our best move is to start small. If we are having a meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every single day. 29．What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreau’s words? A．Stay away from city life. B．Live one’s life to the fullest. C．Only nature can bring happiness. D．One can never be too old to learn. 30．Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society? A．To recommend a good film. B．To praise the teacher’s wisdom. C．To state its connections with Thoreau. D．To further illustrate Thoreau’s wisdom. 31．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s seeking for approval? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconcerned. 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Thoreau outshines ancient philosophers’ B．Thoreau exposes the true meaning of life. C．Thoreau’s philosophy on life remains valuable. D．Thoreau’s practical advice ensures a successful life. Passage 8 （24-25高一上·芜湖一中·期末） 2500 years ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently, they would no longer need to memorize. It is easy to consider him as an old man complaining about change. Today a different debate about the dangers of another technology—computers—and the typing people do on them. As primary school students return for a new school year, many will rely on computers to take notes and write papers. This worries many parents and professors. A line of research shows the benefits of handwriting. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling random words to better grasping ideas. The students taking notes by hand perform better on tests when they are later able to study from their notes. The effect even existed when the students who typed were instructed to retell the material in their own words. Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have noticed it. Though America’s “Common Core (核心)” course from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade, about half the states since then have mandated(强制执行) more teaching of it. In Sweden, there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to forbid most computers. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will finally need typing skills. And typing can improve the quality of writing: being able to get ideas down quickly can obviously be beneficial. Virginia Berninger, a professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is an advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist—she says there are benefits for “manuscript” print—style writing, for cursive(草书)(which allows greater speed) but also for typing (which is good practice for writing passages). Since students spend more time on devices as they age, she argues for occasional “tuning up” of handwriting in later school years. 33．What did Socrates think of writing according to paragraph.1? A．Writing would occupy the time that students spent studying. B．Writing as an unexpected change would be refused by students. C．Writing would do harm to the development of students’ memory. D．Writing was a proper way for students at that time to learn well. 34．How does the author support the argument in paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By making a comparison. C．By referring to other researches. D．By using the policymakers’ words. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the ban on most computers in some schools? A．Supportive. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. 36．What is Virginia Berninger’s advice according to the last paragraph? A．School teaching should combine handwriting and typing. B．Handwriting should be the main form of school teaching. C．Students should be made aware of the benefits of handwriting. D．Schools should strictly limit the time students spend on computers. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽安庆·期末） When we think about happiness, we usually think of something surprising and unexpected, a top great delight. For a child, happiness has a magic quality. I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at the tops of pleasure is easily seen, such as winning a race or getting a new bike. For teenagers, or people under 20, the idea of happiness changes. Suddenly, it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also recall the great happiness of being invited to another event to dance with a very handsome young man. In adulthood the things that bring great joy — birth, love, marriage — also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. Love may not last; loved ones die. For adults, happiness is complex. My dictionary explains “happy” as “lucky” or “fortunate”, but I think a better explanation of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy for us not to notice the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to love where we please, and even good health. Nowadays, with so many choices and much pleasure, we have turned happiness into one more thing we have. We think we own the right to have it, which makes us extremely unhappy. So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier. While happiness may be more complex for us, the answer is the same as ever. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us. It’s the ability to find a positive for every negative and view a difficulty as a challenge. Don’t be sad for what we don’t have, but enjoy what we do possess. 37．According to this passage, Middle School students look at happiness mainly in terms of _______. A．academic achievement B．spiritual satisfaction C．friendship D．material gains 38．The author thinks that when one dreams wealth and finally gets it he __________. A．can realize what happiness is B．may consider it extreme happiness C．may not end up with happiness D．should not feel satisfied with himself 39．According to the passage, happiness lies in the ability to __________. A．think of something pleasant B．experience delight at an old age C．feel the magic quality of pleasure D．enjoy what one has at the moment 40．The passage aims to tell __________. A．the constant dream of happiness B．the great importance of happiness C．the real meaning of happiness D．the changing idea of happiness 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末） On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength（强度）— first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high-ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But the New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies （人体模型）. Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1． What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2． Robert Salzar would probably agree that . A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D．passengers should know how to protect themselves 3． We can learn from the text that . A．Airplane seat makers have taken action now B．There are few complaints about airplane seats C．Those seated people near the overweight may suffer too D．Only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be OVERWEIGHT BY 2030? C．When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? Passage 2 （24-25高一上·安徽蚌埠·期末） It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 5．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Causing great excitement. B．Making someone feel frightened. C．Making someone want to do something. D．Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. 6．What can we learn from the small study? A．The volume of music affects concentration. B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C．Different types of music lead to different performances. D．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. 7．What do Taj and Danela have in common? A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B．They use music to help with their paper-writing. C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Can Music Change Mood? B．Is Music Related to Reading? C．Should Students Listen to Music? D．Does Music Help Concentration? Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽六安·期末） It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 9．Why does the author mention Dr. Johnson’s comment? A．Because Dr. Johnson is famous. B．To show that most people agree with Dr. Johnson. C．Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D．To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 10．According to the passage, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B．There is nothing special about the English weather. C．The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 11．What does the underlined word “draw” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．To explore. B．To attract. C．To ensure. D．To digitise. 12．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To analyse the weather in the UK. B．To explain what English weather-speak is about. C．To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D．To tell people that the English weather is changeable. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 13．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 14．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 15．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 16．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. Passage 5 （23-24高一上·安徽师范大学附属中学·期末） Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers. Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops. Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn’t like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice. 17．What does the underlined word “subjects” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Themes. B．Courses. C．People. D．Tests. 18．According to the author, why did Confucius open China’s first school? A．To teach both the poor and the rich. B．To become famous among China’s lower classes. C．To be accepted by the rulers of China. D．To be celebrated all over the world. 19．What can we know about Confucius from the passage? A．He was once a farmer guiding people farming. B．He was born in a politician family. C．He once acted as a math teacher. D．He devoted himself to social change. 20．What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Uncertain. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $