专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编）高二英语上学期人教版

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——人际互动与教育理念 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・浙江杭州・期末） Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of well-being. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere. This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000. Meanwhile, supposedly “dead end” university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for “low quality” courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating. The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution. After a decade of marketization, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England’s higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam’s decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities. 1．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course? A．A lack of qualified teachers. B．Decreased need for arts and humanities. C．Poor feedback about the program. D．Rising interest in vocational courses. 2．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees? A．No funding from the government. B．High tuition fees and student loan debt. C．A rise in competitive vocational programs. D．A barrier to personal growth. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of following is a suitable title for the text? A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend Passage 2 （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末） When I stepped into my sister’s house, I could feel the tension among the family members. My nephew was complaining that current allowances are insufficient to cover his expenses and questioning why he cannot be trusted. Financial literacy (素养) is a totally new word to his parents and, in their mind, parents are supposed to be extremely tight on kids’ money. As raised in a traditional way, we are constantly told to spend a fixed amount of money in a particular period, with everything arranged. The lack of financial literacy among teens is mainly due to the fear of losing control, which has overshadowed the importance of introducing genuine ideas that can promote independence and responsibility tied to financial autonomy (自主). This mindset implies that if you just follow the parents plan, seemingly you succeed in managing your money. Still, each year heartbreaking news about college students who are involved in unaffordable debt keep popping up. Having financial literacy, however, has more benefits than expected. At best, teens with self-discipline would appreciate the trust and make informed financial decisions. Even at worst, the cost of making mistakes in teenage years is relatively low and committing the mistakes honestly may open the door to some constructive feedback and financial tips. True financial literacy isn’t simply about carrying out a strict or loose strategy on spending but teaching teenagers to differentiate between necessity and desire, and making wise choices. But managed properly, both bread and Air Jordan shoes can be obtained. With Air Jordan shoes ahead, the difficulty in making and saving money makes us appreciate the value of efforts. Budgeting, planning for your expenses, help you make decisions of consequence and resist temptations. Once teens demonstrate responsible management of cash-based expenses, it is time to consider upgrading. However, teens may not be fully equipped to travel in the complex financial landscape without enough supervision and support. After all, financial autonomy comes with responsibilities. 5．What is the function of mentioning the author’s nephew? A．To explain a difficult concept. B．To draw a persuasive conclusion. C．To give a reasonable prediction. D．To present a convincing example. 6．Why do we need financial literacy? A．It guarantees more control on money by parents. B．It stresses the necessity of producing genuine ideas. C．It helps generate independence and responsibilities. D．It increases the risk of having unaffordable debt. 7．Which pair is similar to bread and Air Jordan shoes? A．Tasty dumplings and cheap stationery. B．Instant noodles and all-star game ticket. C．Worn-out jeans and plain basketball cap. D．Latest electronic devices and rare goods. 8．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To motivate teens to have financial literacy skills. B．To tell reasons why teens fail to manage their finance. C．To teach teens how to spend money reasonably and wisely. D．To analyze the pros and cons of having financial autonomy. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期末） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans (持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones. “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the attrition of attention span due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and soon,” he said. “It all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of the GCSE and the tendency to recommend shorter works.” Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either. He said it was because those students come from disadvantaged schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there. Fortunately, state-funded charter schools in the US offer classical education, with more flexibility in curriculum (课程). Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture. “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The intensive, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health; it’ s very good for developing skills for concentration and critical thinking — and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and for individuals.” 9．What does the underlined word “attrition” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Expansion. B．Decrease. C．Destruction. D．Progress. 10．What can we know about the students from state schools in Britain? A．They have limited access to long books. B．They prioritize crowd control over reading. C．They are likely to read more classical books. D．They enjoy advantage over those from private schools. 11．What is Bate’s attitude towards the future of literature in the US? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．There is a tendency that students read fewer books. B．It is necessary for students to read classic books. C．No exposure to books is bad for students’ mental health. D．Reading short works can improve students’ concentration. 主题02 人与自我——自我认知与环境塑造 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・浙江金华・期末） Imagine a potter(陶工), sitting quietly on a small chair, holding soft clay(黏土) in his hands, sculpting it as he spins the pottery wheel. The clay’s fate is completely in the potter’s hands. A skilled potter would turn it into a beautiful container but the same clay, when handed to a green hand, may be ruined. Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings — the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. Jim Rohn once said, “You are the average of the top 5 people you spend your most time with.” Now think about the company you keep — the ones who share your joys, wipe tears away and share your dreams. Every part of you is nothing but their average. Back in middle school, most of my classmates didn’t quite match my level of intellect (智力). More often than not, I stood out from them; although it felt really satisfying, it somehow lacked the challenge I desired. It wasn’t until I started high school that I found what I was searching for. High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. Just as tough competition pushes athletes to stand out, great people bring out the best in you. So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher. But if negativity surrounds you, don’t expect positive changes in your life. If you’re always with people who see nothing but reasons why things can’t be done, then that will also become your reality. 1．What does the author compare our surroundings to? A．The potter. B．The clay. C．The pottery wheel. D．The container. 2．Which of the following best describes the author’s high school? A．Dull. B．Painful. C．Rewarding. D．Thrilling. 3．Who does the author suggest readers be with in order to grow? A．People who motivate them to advance. B．People who match their level of intellect. C．People who work in the same area as they do. D．People who share happiness and sorrow with them. 4．What is the message conveyed in the text? A．Toughness leads to success. B．Positivity outweighs hard work. C．Birds of a feather gather together. D．Success loves a successful company. Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・福建南平・期末） If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 5．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 6．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 7．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・浙江嘉兴・期末） It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. 9．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 10．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 11．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 12．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・江苏连云港・期末） I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history. When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White people’s enjoyment and benefits. That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African. Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had some talented African filmmakers across the continent. Today things are changing fast. Companies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife. 1．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare? A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners. C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife. 2．What message does the cut of my interview convey? A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British. C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa. B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making. C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones. D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making. 4．What is the purpose of the author writing the text? A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected. B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife. C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners. D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·天津河西·期末） In the opinion of some people, the most direct, most touching, and easiest way of protecting wild animals, without doubt, is “the rescue of each individual wild animal”. On seeing a recovered bird return to the blue sky, they will feel moved with hot tears in the eyes. However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. There are many differences between animals and human beings. According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity (遗传), but which may be copied and inherited (继承)”. Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. Therefore, wild animals value mostly lies in its gene, and the existence of the species is more important. The individual death cannot be avoided, but the gene may exist forever through the gene bank of the species, keeping the species existent. When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. We often observe wild animals with the judgment that we may have to human beings, ignoring their differences. But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. 5．In the opinion of Richard Dawkins, wild animals are different from human beings because ________. A．they depend on culture for existence in the world B．they have poorer social culture than human beings C．they have no behavior pattern related to heredity D．they can copy or inherit something from their parents 6．According to the text, how should we protect wild animals? A．By making their natural genes exist forever. B．By protecting every wild animal from death. C．By saving weak animal individuals. D．By passing the law to forbid killing wild animals. 7．The author uses the example of the Yellowstone Park in order to show ________. A．protecting wild animals is our goal B．how to kill those old, weak, sick and disabled deer C．protecting wild animal individuals is not a goal D．how to keep the balance between different species 8．The text is mainly developed by________. A．giving examples B．providing the explanation C．analyzing causes D．making comparisons 9．Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the measure of protecting deer? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・湖北武汉・期末） Most cities were built on rivers. People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames. A third of New York City’s surface area is water. For centuries, city folk used rivers for shipping, fishing and play. In a rare city without a big river, Johannesburg say, you notice its absence. Yet in recent decades, we have ignored urban rivers. The Industrial Revolution ruined rivers for more than a century. Huge new urban populations filled them with waste water, factory emissions(排放物) and harmful gases of ships. In Newcastle in the early 1800s, salmon(鲢鱼) had been so plentiful in the River Tyne that apprentices(学徒) were said to have terms in their contracts stating that their masters shouldn’t make them at it every day. By the 1950s, the salmon were gone. However, in recent decades, cities began cleaning up rivers. The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and has seals and the occasional whale, sometimes alive. In cities like Chicago, riverside storehouses have been turned into fashionable restaurants and waterfront apartments. All in all, the latest trend is to change urban waterways into the natural play space so lacking in most cities. But rivers also need to regain their original purpose as transport center. Passenger traffic may decrease as an urban issue if working from home becomes the norm during and even after the pandemic. But there’s one form of urban traffic that just keeps growing: deliveries. Imagine using the enormous capacity of shipping to take delivery trucks off the roads. One of the newer Thames barges(驳船) with a capacity of 1, 750 tons can replace 44 large trucks, which uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution. In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains. Rivers are the reason our cities are where they are. We just forgot about them. 10．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The reason for the rise and fall of cities. B．The importance of rivers to cities. C．The changes in cities along the rivers. D．The locations of the famous rivers. 11．Why are apprentices mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To indicate masters were generous to them. B．To blame them for the mass extinction of salmon. C．To imply the River Tyne was in good condition then. D．To praise their contributions to the Industrial Revolution. 12．What has happened over the past decades? A．Waterfront apartments have been torn down. B．Amusement parks have sprung up along urban rivers. C．Riverside storehouses have served as places of leisure. D．Waterways have been filled with emissions and abandoned ships. 13．What might the author agree to do? A．Use barges to make deliveries. B．Lay off truck drivers gradually. C．Decrease working time from home. D．Speed up smart urban traffic management. 主题01 人与社会——社会争议与休闲活动 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・广东潮州・期末） Almost everyone has been called an imitator before. It’s within human nature to feel inspired by someone’s work. But we’ve also felt annoyed when someone calls our works his own. Many artists are feeling this same annoyance with the recent rise in popularity of Al art generators. Stable Diffusion, an Al art generator, allows users to type out descriptions of an image and the AI will generate that image. This is the case of Kelly McKerman, Karla Ortiz and Sarah Anderson, the three artists behind a recent lawsuit (诉讼) against Al art generators. For McKerman, finding out that her art was an inspiration was initially exciting. But she soon realized that the generator allowed anyone to create an original piece of art in her style, with no credit to her. This realization made McKerman angry on behalf of all artists. A world in which anyone can generate art in an instant creates a lessened need for independent artists. It’s also harmful because Al art generators create art in specific artists’ styles in an instant with no credit to them, even though it may have taken the artists hours to create the original piece. Art generators are not only unfair to current artists, but they are also discouraging to potential future artists. As a person who has considered a career in art, knowing that my work could be used in this way makes me hesitant about pursuing this route. This way of thinking is not uncommon, which should be incredibly worrying. Whether it be graffiti (涂鸦) to support a movement or a fine art piece about injustice, art is a vehicle for social change. Furthermore, art is entertainment; animated movies could not exist without digital artists. Finally, art contains great cultural and historical relevance. The fact that art is essential means that it needs to be protected. Al art generators, like Stable Diffusion, are threatening artists’ rights worldwide. Thus, government regulation and clarified protection of artists’ rights to their work is key to tackling this new world of AI generated art. 1．Why have many artists got annoyed recently? A．They have been caught up in a lawsuit. B．They have failed to find art inspiration. C．Al art generators create works of art rapidly. D．AI art generators allow users to make imitative images. 2．What is McKernan’s attitude toward Al art generators? A．Uncaring. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 3．What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A．To stress the value of art. B．To predict the future of art. C．To describe how AI art generators work. D．To explain how Al art generators impact artists. 4．What is the author’s opinion on Al art generators? A．They should be governed by specific rules. B．They should be used to aid artists. C．They should be protected. D．They should be banned. Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・云南玉溪・期末） All experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt has argued is “not the printed form of thoughts already consciously present in the writer’s mind.” Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the temptation (诱惑) of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer inclined to face this challenge. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I did. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. However, that knowledge did not stop them from relying heavily on generative AI. Many of my students are non-native speakers of English and their writing frequently contained grammatical errors. Generative AI is effective at correcting grammar. However, technology often changes vocabulary. My students lacked the skills to identify and correct subtle shifts in meaning. At the start of every semester, I had students write in class. With that baseline sample as a point of comparison, it was a piece of cake to distinguish between their writing and text generated by Chat GPT. AI-assisted writing is easy to identify but hard to prove. As a result, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. The best educators will adapt to Al. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas, revealing contradictions, and clarifying methodologies (方法论). But students must learn to sit with the temporary discovery discomfort with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity. I hope my students would be willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the significant advantages of writing. 5．Why did the author cite Lynn Hunt’s words? A．To introduce the concept of generative AI writing. B．To show historians have different views on writing. C．To stress the idea that writing and thinking are closely related. D．To emphasize the fact that thoughts are presented in printed forms. 6．Why did many of the author’s students depend on generative AI deeply? A．They were computer experts. B．They had no extra time to write. C．They wanted to find novel research. D．They considered writing to be tough work. 7．What problem did the author encounter when correcting students’ writing? A．It was odd to prove students used AI to write. B．It was hard to distinguish generated-AI writing. C．It was difficult for students to accept the author’s feedback. D．It was easy to discover but hard to prove students used AI to write. 8．What does the author expect her students to do about writing? A．To use more generative AI. B．To spot the vital strength of writing. C．To focus on grammar with the help of AI. D．To avoid the uncomfortable process of writing. Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・福建南平・期末） If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 9．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 10．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 11．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. 主题02 人与自我——个人成长与人生价值 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・安徽亳州・期末） It is commonly believed that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful. So how does one practice proper positivity in order to have a healthy mindset? According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you. Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions. Not being afraid of your emotions is healing, which can bring you peace. Forcing certain feelings, even positive ones, takes away the chances of experiencing and being honest about what your feelings really are. Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK. Not being OK is part of life sometimes, and facing it with courage can open the door to recovery. Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. Although that is easier said than done, it all originates from honesty. You can get there. So, it is OK to feel both your negative feelings and the positive ones. They are there for a reason, either to warn you of something, guide you towards something, or inform you of something. You don’t have to run away from them or hide from them. All you need to do is be honest. Be yourself and be authentic. Allow yourself to feel the feeling, the good, the bad and the ugly. Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling. 1．Why is New Scientist mentioned? A．To present a common belief. B．To introduce a new theory. C．To support an argument. D．To explain a concept. 2．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Justify. B．Delay. C．Analyze. D．Ignore 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards suppressing one’s negative emotions? A．Mixed. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 4．What message does the author intend to deliver? A．Mental health really counts. B．Negative emotions are of great harm. C．Positivity and negativity interact with each other. D．Maintaining a balance between positivity and negativity is necessary. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·浙江台州·期末）A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 5．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 6．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 7．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 8．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・天津河西・期末） A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 9．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 10．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 11．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 12．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・山东泰安・期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江西南昌·期末） Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. However, human activities have caused severe damage to marine ecosystems, making ocean protection an urgent task for sustainable development.​ Plastic pollution is one of the most serious threats to oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea, harming marine life. Sea turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, and fish get trapped in plastic nets. This not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed. To reduce plastic pollution, individuals should minimize the use of single-use plastics, while governments should implement stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal.​ Overfishing is another major issue. Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing. This not only reduces biodiversity but also threatens the livelihoods of people who depend on fishing. Implementing sustainable fishing practices, such as setting catch limits and protecting spawning grounds, is essential to restore marine populations.​ Furthermore, ocean acidification, caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption, weakens coral reefs and shell-forming organisms. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, like mangroves and seagrass beds, can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.​ In summary, protecting oceans is vital for both ecological balance and human well-being. By reducing pollution, practicing sustainable fishing, and addressing acidification, we can ensure the oceans continue to support life on Earth.​ 5.Why is plastic pollution harmful to humans?​ A. It damages fishing boats.​ B. Contaminated seafood affects health.​ C. It blocks shipping routes.​ D. It causes skin diseases.​ 6.What does "overfishing" mean according to the passage?​ A. Fishing in the wrong season.​ B. Fishing with outdated equipment.​ C. Catching too many fish.​ D. Fishing in protected areas.​ 7.How can coastal ecosystems help with ocean acidification?​ A. They produce oxygen.​ B. They absorb much carbon dioxide.​ C. They prevent storms.​ D. They cool the ocean water.​ 8.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. Oceans are important for tourism.​ B. Human activities are destroying oceans.​ C. We must take action to protect oceans.​ D. Marine life is facing many dangers. Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・辽宁・期末） Any image taken from space confirms that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our planet “Earth,” derived from a Germanic word meaning “the ground,” when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered by ocean. We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the world’s economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us. Take Florida, for example, one of the United States’ recreational hot spots. It’s bordered by the Florida Reef Tract, North America’s only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500 species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshine State’s economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion annually in tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a wave’s energy. Three-quarters of Florida’s 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract provides more than $650 million in combined economic activity and flood protection. A November 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Florida’s coral reefs are experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something,” Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying. The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it’s never too late to start learning. 9．What does the sea do for our human? A．The sea changes our climate. B．The sea controls carbon dioxide for us. C．The sea produces all the oxygen we need. D．The sea provides economical benefits for us. 10．What does the writer suggest? A．Travelling more, learning more. B．Running our business creatively. C．Raising awareness of conservation. D．Doing some voting before actions. 11．Where is the passage probably from? A．A scientific fiction. B．A news report. C．A travel journal. D．A natural magazine. 12．What is a suitable title for the text? A．To Hug the Ocean Tightly. B．To Learn the Ocean Devotedly. C．To Clean the Ocean Carefully. D．To Love the Ocean Permanently. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——人际互动与教育理念 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・浙江杭州・期末） Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of well-being. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere. This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000. Meanwhile, supposedly “dead end” university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for “low quality” courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating. The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution. After a decade of marketization, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England’s higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam’s decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities. 1．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course? A．A lack of qualified teachers. B．Decreased need for arts and humanities. C．Poor feedback about the program. D．Rising interest in vocational courses. 2．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees? A．No funding from the government. B．High tuition fees and student loan debt. C．A rise in competitive vocational programs. D．A barrier to personal growth. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of following is a suitable title for the text? A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章批判了高等教育过度商业化，呼吁重视人文课程的综合价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. (由于艺术和人文学科的需求下降，该大学将停止该课程)”可知，该大学终止其英国文学课程是因为对艺术和人文学科的需求减少了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。 根据第二段“With dramatically increasing  graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable  that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about  taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000.(随着越来越多的毕业生背负着超过10万英镑的学生贷款，来自低收入背景的年轻人在选择非职业课程时可能会三思，这是可以理解的。自2012年学费升至9000英镑以来，申请英语课程的人数一直在稳步下降)”可知，高昂的学费和学生贷款债务阻碍了学生申请人文学位。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution.(总的来说，这种做法既错误又短视。正如格雷厄姆所指出的那样，艺术和娱乐产业已经成为英国经济中为数不多的几个蓬勃发展的领域之一，在这些领域，英国可以宣称自己处于世界领先地位。此外，仅仅根据劳动力市场的结果来判断一门课程的价值，忽略了其他重要的价值，比如个人成长和文化贡献)”可推知，作者对大学减少人文课程的趋势持批判态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing.(学习文学可以让我们探索普遍的真理，这可能会带来一生的幸福感)”等内容可知，文章核心观点是反对削减人文课程，强调其重要性（如经济贡献、文化价值）。由此可知，C项“艺术与人文：必修课程”符合主题，适合作本文标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末） When I stepped into my sister’s house, I could feel the tension among the family members. My nephew was complaining that current allowances are insufficient to cover his expenses and questioning why he cannot be trusted. Financial literacy (素养) is a totally new word to his parents and, in their mind, parents are supposed to be extremely tight on kids’ money. As raised in a traditional way, we are constantly told to spend a fixed amount of money in a particular period, with everything arranged. The lack of financial literacy among teens is mainly due to the fear of losing control, which has overshadowed the importance of introducing genuine ideas that can promote independence and responsibility tied to financial autonomy (自主). This mindset implies that if you just follow the parents plan, seemingly you succeed in managing your money. Still, each year heartbreaking news about college students who are involved in unaffordable debt keep popping up. Having financial literacy, however, has more benefits than expected. At best, teens with self-discipline would appreciate the trust and make informed financial decisions. Even at worst, the cost of making mistakes in teenage years is relatively low and committing the mistakes honestly may open the door to some constructive feedback and financial tips. True financial literacy isn’t simply about carrying out a strict or loose strategy on spending but teaching teenagers to differentiate between necessity and desire, and making wise choices. But managed properly, both bread and Air Jordan shoes can be obtained. With Air Jordan shoes ahead, the difficulty in making and saving money makes us appreciate the value of efforts. Budgeting, planning for your expenses, help you make decisions of consequence and resist temptations. Once teens demonstrate responsible management of cash-based expenses, it is time to consider upgrading. However, teens may not be fully equipped to travel in the complex financial landscape without enough supervision and support. After all, financial autonomy comes with responsibilities. 5．What is the function of mentioning the author’s nephew? A．To explain a difficult concept. B．To draw a persuasive conclusion. C．To give a reasonable prediction. D．To present a convincing example. 6．Why do we need financial literacy? A．It guarantees more control on money by parents. B．It stresses the necessity of producing genuine ideas. C．It helps generate independence and responsibilities. D．It increases the risk of having unaffordable debt. 7．Which pair is similar to bread and Air Jordan shoes? A．Tasty dumplings and cheap stationery. B．Instant noodles and all-star game ticket. C．Worn-out jeans and plain basketball cap. D．Latest electronic devices and rare goods. 8．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To motivate teens to have financial literacy skills. B．To tell reasons why teens fail to manage their finance. C．To teach teens how to spend money reasonably and wisely. D．To analyze the pros and cons of having financial autonomy. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了青少年财务素养的重要性，以及如何通过培养财务素养来促进青少年的独立性和责任感。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“My nephew was complaining that current allowances are insufficient to cover his expenses and questioning why he cannot be trusted. Financial literacy (素养) is a totally new word to his parents(我的侄子抱怨说，目前的零花钱不足以支付他的开销，还质疑为什么自己不被信任。对他父母而言，“财务素养” 完全是个陌生的概念)”可知，文章开头提到作者的侄子抱怨零花钱不足，并质疑为什么不能被信任，这为后续讨论青少年的财务素养问题提供了一个具体的背景和情境。通过侄子的例子，作者引出了家庭中对青少年财务自主的限制以及父母对财务素养的忽视，从而引出文章的主题。由此推知，这个例子是为了让读者更直观地理解青少年在财务问题上面临的困境，增强文章的说服力。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“The lack of financial literacy among teens is mainly due to the fear of losing control, which has overshadowed the importance of introducing genuine ideas that can promote independence and responsibility tied to financial autonomy (自主).(青少年缺乏财务素养主要是由于害怕失去控制，这掩盖了引入能够促进与财务自主相关的独立性和责任感的真实想法的重要性)”可知，我们需要财务素养是因为它有助于培养独立性和责任感。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“True financial literacy isn’t simply about carrying out a strict or loose strategy on spending but teaching teenagers to differentiate between necessity and desire, and making wise choices. But managed properly, both bread and Air Jordan shoes can be obtained.(真正的财务素养不仅仅是关于执行严格或宽松的支出策略，而是教青少年区分需求和欲望，并做出明智的选择。但如果管理得当，面包和飞人乔丹鞋都可以得到)”可知，面包是必需品，而飞人乔丹鞋是奢侈品，作者用这两者来代表生活中的必需品和奢侈品。因此，我们需要找到一对物品，其中一个代表必需品，另一个代表奢侈品。B选项“方便面(必需品)和全明星赛门票(奢侈品)”符合这一模式。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开篇通过描述作者侄子抱怨零花钱不够且质疑不被信任的事例，引出青少年缺乏财务素养这一现象。接着在第二段探讨了青少年缺乏财务素养的主要原因是害怕失去控制，从而忽视了培养与之相关的独立性和责任感。第三段阐述了具备财务素养的好处，比如让自律的青少年能做出明智财务决策，即使犯错成本也相对较低，还能获得建设性反馈。第四段指出真正的财务素养是教导青少年区分需求和欲望并做出明智选择。最后强调青少年在走向财务自主过程中需要监督和支持。文章通过分析问题、提出解决方案（如预算和规划）以及强调财务自主的责任，最终目的是激励青少年学习和掌握财务素养技能。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期末） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans (持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones. “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the attrition of attention span due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and soon,” he said. “It all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of the GCSE and the tendency to recommend shorter works.” Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either. He said it was because those students come from disadvantaged schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there. Fortunately, state-funded charter schools in the US offer classical education, with more flexibility in curriculum (课程). Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture. “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The intensive, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health; it’ s very good for developing skills for concentration and critical thinking — and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and for individuals.” 9．What does the underlined word “attrition” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Expansion. B．Decrease. C．Destruction. D．Progress. 10．What can we know about the students from state schools in Britain? A．They have limited access to long books. B．They prioritize crowd control over reading. C．They are likely to read more classical books. D．They enjoy advantage over those from private schools. 11．What is Bate’s attitude towards the future of literature in the US? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．There is a tendency that students read fewer books. B．It is necessary for students to read classic books. C．No exposure to books is bad for students’ mental health. D．Reading short works can improve students’ concentration. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕英国牛津大学英语文学教授Jonathan Bate对学生阅读习惯的变化所表达的担忧和观点展开。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned.(牛津大学英国文学教授Jonathan Bate爵士警告称，文学专业的学生曾经每周能读完三本书，但如今，他们三周读完一本都很吃力。)”可知，文章第一段提到学生现在读书数量大幅下降；再根据划线单词所在句“Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans(持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones.( Bate将学生读书数量的减少归因于注意力持续时间……，他认为这与智能手机的使用有关。)”可知，Bate认为这种下降与智能手机使用有关。由此可推测，这里是说智能手机导致注意力持续时间“减少”，所以学生读书数量才下降。选项B“decrease”意为“减少”，与此相符。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either.( Bate指出，与接受私立教育背景的学生相比，英国公立学校的学生通常没有接触过种类繁多的长篇书籍，也没有养成阅读长篇书籍的习惯。)”可知，英国公立学校的学生通常没有接触过很多长篇书籍，即他们接触长篇书籍的机会有限。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture.( Bate的儿子刚从一所名为“伟大心灵”的特许高中毕业，他学习过《伊利亚特》和《罪与罚》等作品。学校甚至还为学生研读黑格尔（一位著名作家）的作品提供百吉饼。“我读研究生的时候都读不懂黑格尔。我很惊讶17岁的美国孩子竟然在读黑格尔。所以还是有一些希望的。”Bate表示，不经常阅读长篇文本，从长远来看，会给文学文化的未来带来困扰。)”可知，文章第四段提到美国公立特许学校提供古典教育，Bate的儿子所在学校让学生研读像《伊利亚特》《罪与罚》以及黑格尔的作品 。并且Bate说“So there is some hope”，由此可以推断出他对美国文学的未来持乐观态度。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇点明文学专业学生读书数量从过去每周三本到如今三周一本都困难，接着分析了原因，如智能手机导致注意力时长缩短、公立学校学生接触长篇书籍机会少等，还通过美国特许学校的例子说明仍有希望，整体围绕学生读书数量减少这一趋势展开。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——自我认知与环境塑造 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・浙江金华・期末） Imagine a potter(陶工), sitting quietly on a small chair, holding soft clay(黏土) in his hands, sculpting it as he spins the pottery wheel. The clay’s fate is completely in the potter’s hands. A skilled potter would turn it into a beautiful container but the same clay, when handed to a green hand, may be ruined. Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings — the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. Jim Rohn once said, “You are the average of the top 5 people you spend your most time with.” Now think about the company you keep — the ones who share your joys, wipe tears away and share your dreams. Every part of you is nothing but their average. Back in middle school, most of my classmates didn’t quite match my level of intellect (智力). More often than not, I stood out from them; although it felt really satisfying, it somehow lacked the challenge I desired. It wasn’t until I started high school that I found what I was searching for. High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. Just as tough competition pushes athletes to stand out, great people bring out the best in you. So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher. But if negativity surrounds you, don’t expect positive changes in your life. If you’re always with people who see nothing but reasons why things can’t be done, then that will also become your reality. 1．What does the author compare our surroundings to? A．The potter. B．The clay. C．The pottery wheel. D．The container. 2．Which of the following best describes the author’s high school? A．Dull. B．Painful. C．Rewarding. D．Thrilling. 3．Who does the author suggest readers be with in order to grow? A．People who motivate them to advance. B．People who match their level of intellect. C．People who work in the same area as they do. D．People who share happiness and sorrow with them. 4．What is the message conveyed in the text? A．Toughness leads to success. B．Positivity outweighs hard work. C．Birds of a feather gather together. D．Success loves a successful company. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过对陶工和黏土的比喻，讲述了环境对我们成长的塑造作用，强调要与激励我们进步的人为伍，从而实现自我提升。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings—the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. (正如陶工将黏土塑造成容器一样，我们的生活也被环境所塑造——我们遇到的人、去过的地方、每一次交谈和经验都在塑造我们是谁)”可知，作者将我们的环境比作陶工，环境对我们的成长起到塑造作用。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. (一开始高中确实令人害怕。我发现周围的人比我想象的更聪明、更聪慧、更漂亮。相比之下，我感到自惭形秽，但正是在这种不适中，我找到了成长)”可知，作者面对更优秀的同伴，初时有压力但随后通过竞争实现了成长，因此可以用“rewarding”(回报丰厚的、有收获的)来描述作者的高中体验。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. (要成长，你必须与那些在你不足的领域中脱颖而出的人在一起，他们会激励你学习和提高)”可知，作者建议与能够激励我们进步的人在一起，这样才能促成自我成长。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第六段“So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher..(所以，找到你的人，那些会激励和提升你的人，他们拥有你想要的品质。他们不会直接把成功交到你手里，而是迫使你不断提升自己)”以及全文核心思想强调与优秀的人为伍，以提升自我。故“Success loves a successful company (成功者喜欢结交成功者)”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・福建南平・期末） If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 5．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 6．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 7．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在责备文化中的负面影响以及如何通过心理安全感来改善工作环境和团队合作。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到，当事情出错时，人们是多么害怕发声。他们知道那些负责的人会找人当作替罪羊来惩罚和羞辱。)”可知，在指责文化中，人们害怕犯错后被当作替罪羊惩罚和羞辱，由此可知，在指责文化中人们害怕承担责任。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. (在心理安全的环境中，当事情出错时，人们有一种共同承担责任的感觉，错误通常被视为学习的机会。)”可知，在心理安全的环境中，错误被视为学习的机会。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. (如果你处于领导职位，那么你有一个绝佳的机会来展示能够创造信任和开放环境的行为与态度。你可以从向他人公开自己过去的错误以及你是如何以建设性的方式应对这些错误开始。)”可知，领导者分享自己的错误和如何建设性地应对这些错误，这强调了真诚沟通的重要性，由此可知，真诚的沟通有助于领导者创造良好环境。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到当事情出错时人们是多么害怕发声。)”以及第二段中的“Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results — group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. (在这种文化中生活和工作导致了有害的结果——团队成员害怕被指责，使他们变得遮遮掩蔽，不信任他人，害怕寻求帮助。)”可知，第一二段讨论了指责文化的负面影响，结合第三段中的“One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. (一个解决方案是创建心理学家所说的心理安全。)”以及下文介绍的通过创建心理安全环境来克服这些问题的方法可知，本文主要介绍的是通过建立心理安全感来摆脱指责文化。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・浙江嘉兴・期末） It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. 9．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 10．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 11．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 12．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章反驳了白日梦是浪费时间或有害的观点，指出白日梦有助于心理健康和学习，并呼吁重新认识其价值。 9．词句猜测题。画线部分的上文“It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? (似乎每天都有新的研究指出，某种现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力。但问题是否恰恰在于——我们被要求过度专注了呢)”提到现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力，随后提出另一种观点：问题可能在于我们被要求过度专注，再结合画线部分所在句“By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. (如果不给大脑足够的休息时间，我们可能实际上让问题变得更糟)”可知，the problems指的是与专注力相关的问题。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? (首先，它实在太有趣了。我们人类竟能随心所欲地去任何地方、做任何事情、体验不同版本的自己——而这一切都安全地存在于脑海中，这是多么神奇的能力啊)”和第四段中“For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. (对于那些接受过某种内在专注力训练的儿童，Immordino-Yang所分析的研究表明：这些孩子出现严重焦虑的几率更低，考试成绩更优异，且更擅长为未来制定计划)”可知，白日梦让生活更有意思，可能帮助孩子学得更好，还有助于心理健康，未提到与成年人工作机会的直接关系。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest (心理学家Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事收集了许多研究并进行分析)”可推知，Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事基于其他研究者的研究得出了结论。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. (然而，停止做白日梦并不对)”和最后一段“Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. (下次当你看到孩子，甚至是大人，正望着远处发呆时，请记住——他们可能正在进行某种重要的大脑活动)”可知，作者认为不应该停止做白日梦，应肯定这件事的重要意义，因此态度是支持的。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・江苏连云港・期末） I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history. When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White people’s enjoyment and benefits. That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African. Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had some talented African filmmakers across the continent. Today things are changing fast. Companies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife. 1．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare? A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners. C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife. 2．What message does the cut of my interview convey? A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British. C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa. B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making. C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones. D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making. 4．What is the purpose of the author writing the text? A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected. B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife. C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners. D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文解释了从历史角度看非洲野生动物制片人以及拍摄者遭受到西方社会的偏见，同时指出在当今快速发展的时代，非洲野生动物电影人应该不断崛起，利用本地特色的故事资源，讲好非洲大陆的故事，呼吁非洲本地人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When the colonialists ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters.(当殖民主义者统治非洲时，他们控制了非洲大陆的野生动物和其他自然资源。他们视非洲野生动物为“大买卖”，非洲大陆的第一个自然保护区是为了白人猎人的利益而赶走当地人而建立的野生动物保护区。)”可知，考虑到历史因素，非洲大陆的野生动物和其他的历史资源在西方人眼中是巨大的利益，而当地非洲人保护野生动物的兴趣很少被考虑到，因为非洲野生动物电影拍摄者很少是因为非洲摄影者很少被西方人所考虑到即西方人掌控者拍摄非洲动物的主动权。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African.(像我这样试图参与野生动物保护的非洲人会感到格格不入。当我第一次接受英国摄制组的采访时，我的采访在剪辑阶段就被剪掉了，取而代之的是一个白人，就因为我是非洲人。)”可知，就是因为作者是非洲人因此在采访的影片中被剪掉了，由此体现出对非洲人的偏见。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them.(非洲是一些最受欢迎的野生动物电影的取景地，但这些电影是由西方公司为西方观众制作的，大多数非洲人甚至都没有机会看到它们。)”以及“We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. (我们迫切需要由非洲人制作、关于非洲人、为非洲人拍摄的野生动物电影。)”可知，非洲人渴望在野生动物电影制作中拥有发言权。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history.(我是一名非洲野生动物制片人。但来自非洲的野生动物电影人比山地大猩猩还罕见。为了理解为什么它们如此之少，我们需要记住我们的近代史。)”以及最后一段中“Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife.(我们非洲野生动物电影人的使命是利用当地讲故事的力量，激励我们的人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。)”可知，本文解释了从历史角度看非洲野生动物制片人以及拍摄者遭受到西方社会的偏见，同时指出在当今快速发展的时代，非洲野生动物电影人应该不断崛起，利用本地特色的故事资源，讲好非洲大陆的故事，呼吁非洲本地人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。故文章的目的是解释为什么需要更多的非洲电影人。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·天津河西·期末） In the opinion of some people, the most direct, most touching, and easiest way of protecting wild animals, without doubt, is “the rescue of each individual wild animal”. On seeing a recovered bird return to the blue sky, they will feel moved with hot tears in the eyes. However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. There are many differences between animals and human beings. According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity (遗传), but which may be copied and inherited (继承)”. Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. Therefore, wild animals value mostly lies in its gene, and the existence of the species is more important. The individual death cannot be avoided, but the gene may exist forever through the gene bank of the species, keeping the species existent. When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. We often observe wild animals with the judgment that we may have to human beings, ignoring their differences. But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. 5．In the opinion of Richard Dawkins, wild animals are different from human beings because ________. A．they depend on culture for existence in the world B．they have poorer social culture than human beings C．they have no behavior pattern related to heredity D．they can copy or inherit something from their parents 6．According to the text, how should we protect wild animals? A．By making their natural genes exist forever. B．By protecting every wild animal from death. C．By saving weak animal individuals. D．By passing the law to forbid killing wild animals. 7．The author uses the example of the Yellowstone Park in order to show ________. A．protecting wild animals is our goal B．how to kill those old, weak, sick and disabled deer C．protecting wild animal individuals is not a goal D．how to keep the balance between different species 8．The text is mainly developed by________. A．giving examples B．providing the explanation C．analyzing causes D．making comparisons 9．Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the measure of protecting deer? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是野生动物保护的核心应在于维护物种基因的传承，而非单纯救助个体，并探讨了这一理念背后的科学依据和伦理考量。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity, but which may be copied and inherited”. (根据生物学家Richard Dawkins的观点，最大的区别可能在于动物缺乏社会文化。但这里所说的文化是指“与遗传无关，但却能够被复制和传承的行为模式”。)”可知，在Richard Dawkins看来，野生动物不同于人类是因为动物缺乏社会文化。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. (然而，野生动物依赖基因进行遗传，因此保持自然基因的存在是重要且必要的。只要野生动物能够传递基因，整个物种就能够生存下去。)”可知，保护野生动物的自然基因永久存在是重要且必要的，所以，我们应该通过让他们的自然基因永远存在来保护野生动物。故选A项。 77．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. (当我们保护野生动物个体时，这更像是一种手段而非目标。)”可知，保护野生动物个体是一种手段而不是目标，结合下文的“Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. (因此，黄石公园引入了狼来控制鹿的数量，并淘汰老弱病残的个体。这种行为在人类社会中难以想象，但在自然界中，这是完全正常且合理的。)”可知，作者用这个例子来说明保护个体不是最终目标，而是为了维护生态系统的健康。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. (然而，他们很容易忽视的一点是，保护每一只野生动物的价值，往往不在于野生动物个体本身，而更多的是在于每只动物个体背后的整个物种。在这方面，这不同于人类社会对弱势个体的救助。)”可知，此处提出保护野生动物个体的价值不同于人类社会对弱势个体的救助，结合第四段中的“Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. (人类依靠文化作为遗产。随着时间的推移，文化已经积累起来区分一个群体和另一个群体。因此，保护文化是重要和必要的。然而，野生动物依赖基因进行遗传，因此，保持自然基因的存在是重要和必要的。只要野生动物能将基因传递下去，整个物种就能生存下来。)”可知，此处比较人类依赖文化和动物依赖基因进行传承的方式，由此可知，文章通过比较的方式阐述观点的。故选D项。 80．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. (但是，如果物种本身没有危险，那么努力保护个体对整个物种没有任何好处。当然，出于其他原因，我们仍然希望保护这些个体免于死亡，但这并不属于狭义的动物保护。)”可知，作者认为虽然物种本身没有危险时，保护个体对整个物种并无益处，但是出于其他原因，仍希望保护个体免于死亡，由此可推断，作者对于保护鹿的措施持支持的态度。故选B项。 Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・湖北武汉・期末） Most cities were built on rivers. People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames. A third of New York City’s surface area is water. For centuries, city folk used rivers for shipping, fishing and play. In a rare city without a big river, Johannesburg say, you notice its absence. Yet in recent decades, we have ignored urban rivers. The Industrial Revolution ruined rivers for more than a century. Huge new urban populations filled them with waste water, factory emissions(排放物) and harmful gases of ships. In Newcastle in the early 1800s, salmon(鲢鱼) had been so plentiful in the River Tyne that apprentices(学徒) were said to have terms in their contracts stating that their masters shouldn’t make them at it every day. By the 1950s, the salmon were gone. However, in recent decades, cities began cleaning up rivers. The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and has seals and the occasional whale, sometimes alive. In cities like Chicago, riverside storehouses have been turned into fashionable restaurants and waterfront apartments. All in all, the latest trend is to change urban waterways into the natural play space so lacking in most cities. But rivers also need to regain their original purpose as transport center. Passenger traffic may decrease as an urban issue if working from home becomes the norm during and even after the pandemic. But there’s one form of urban traffic that just keeps growing: deliveries. Imagine using the enormous capacity of shipping to take delivery trucks off the roads. One of the newer Thames barges(驳船) with a capacity of 1, 750 tons can replace 44 large trucks, which uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution. In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains. Rivers are the reason our cities are where they are. We just forgot about them. 10．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The reason for the rise and fall of cities. B．The importance of rivers to cities. C．The changes in cities along the rivers. D．The locations of the famous rivers. 11．Why are apprentices mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To indicate masters were generous to them. B．To blame them for the mass extinction of salmon. C．To imply the River Tyne was in good condition then. D．To praise their contributions to the Industrial Revolution. 12．What has happened over the past decades? A．Waterfront apartments have been torn down. B．Amusement parks have sprung up along urban rivers. C．Riverside storehouses have served as places of leisure. D．Waterways have been filled with emissions and abandoned ships. 13．What might the author agree to do? A．Use barges to make deliveries. B．Lay off truck drivers gradually. C．Decrease working time from home. D．Speed up smart urban traffic management. 【答案】10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述河流曾经是人类城市和文明的发源地，但是随着经济的发展，河流受到了严重的污染。近几十年来，人类意识到了这个问题，开始治理污染问题，并取得了显著的效果。 10．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most cities were built on rivers. People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames. A third of New York City’s surface area is water. For centuries, city folk used rivers for shipping, fishing and play. In a rare city without a big river, Johannesburg say, you notice its absence. (大多数城市都建在河流上。人们最初定居巴黎是因为塞纳河，而定居伦敦是因为泰晤士河。纽约市三分之一的地表面积是水。几个世纪以来，城市居民利用河流进行航运、捕鱼和娱乐。约翰内斯堡说，在一个罕见的没有大河的城市，你会注意到它的缺失。)”可知，第一段主要讲述河流对城市发展的重要性。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Newcastle in the early 1800s, salmon(鲢鱼) had been so plentiful in the River Tyne that apprentices(学徒) were said to have terms in their contracts stating that their masters shouldn’t make them at it every day. By the 1950s, the salmon were gone. (19世纪初，在纽卡斯尔，泰恩河（River Tyne）的鲑鱼非常丰富，据说学徒们的合同中有条款规定，他们的师傅不应该每天都让他们吃鲑鱼。到了20世纪50年代，鲑鱼消失了。)”可知，这里提到学徒们主要是为了表明他们对鲑鱼数量的影响。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, in recent decades, cities began cleaning up rivers. The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and has seals and the occasional whale, sometimes alive. In cities like Chicago, riverside storehouses have been turned into fashionable restaurants and waterfront apartments. All in all, the latest trend is to change urban waterways into the natural play space so lacking in most cities. (然而，近几十年来，城市开始清理河流。泰晤士河现在是150年来最干净的，有海豹和偶尔的鲸鱼，有时还活着。在芝加哥等城市，河边的仓库已经变成了时尚的餐厅和海滨公寓。总而言之，最新的趋势是将城市水道改为大多数城市所缺乏的自然娱乐空间。)”可知，在过去的几十年里，城市开始清理河流，河边的仓库已成为时尚的餐厅等休闲场所和海滨公寓。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the newer Thames barges(驳船) with a capacity of 1, 750 tons can replace 44 large trucks, which uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution. In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains. (其中一艘容量为1750吨的新型泰晤士驳船可以取代44辆大型卡车，这种驳船能耗低，噪音污染小。换句话说，我们需要把卡车司机变成驳船船长。)”可知，作者同意使用驳船来运输。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——社会争议与休闲活动 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・广东潮州・期末） Almost everyone has been called an imitator before. It’s within human nature to feel inspired by someone’s work. But we’ve also felt annoyed when someone calls our works his own. Many artists are feeling this same annoyance with the recent rise in popularity of Al art generators. Stable Diffusion, an Al art generator, allows users to type out descriptions of an image and the AI will generate that image. This is the case of Kelly McKerman, Karla Ortiz and Sarah Anderson, the three artists behind a recent lawsuit (诉讼) against Al art generators. For McKerman, finding out that her art was an inspiration was initially exciting. But she soon realized that the generator allowed anyone to create an original piece of art in her style, with no credit to her. This realization made McKerman angry on behalf of all artists. A world in which anyone can generate art in an instant creates a lessened need for independent artists. It’s also harmful because Al art generators create art in specific artists’ styles in an instant with no credit to them, even though it may have taken the artists hours to create the original piece. Art generators are not only unfair to current artists, but they are also discouraging to potential future artists. As a person who has considered a career in art, knowing that my work could be used in this way makes me hesitant about pursuing this route. This way of thinking is not uncommon, which should be incredibly worrying. Whether it be graffiti (涂鸦) to support a movement or a fine art piece about injustice, art is a vehicle for social change. Furthermore, art is entertainment; animated movies could not exist without digital artists. Finally, art contains great cultural and historical relevance. The fact that art is essential means that it needs to be protected. Al art generators, like Stable Diffusion, are threatening artists’ rights worldwide. Thus, government regulation and clarified protection of artists’ rights to their work is key to tackling this new world of AI generated art. 1．Why have many artists got annoyed recently? A．They have been caught up in a lawsuit. B．They have failed to find art inspiration. C．Al art generators create works of art rapidly. D．AI art generators allow users to make imitative images. 2．What is McKernan’s attitude toward Al art generators? A．Uncaring. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 3．What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A．To stress the value of art. B．To predict the future of art. C．To describe how AI art generators work. D．To explain how Al art generators impact artists. 4．What is the author’s opinion on Al art generators? A．They should be governed by specific rules. B．They should be used to aid artists. C．They should be protected. D．They should be banned. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能艺术生成器引发艺术家不满的问题，指出其对艺术家的不利影响，强调艺术的重要性，呼吁政府规范并保护艺术家的作品权利。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many artists are feeling this same annoyance with the recent rise in popularity of AI art generators.(随着最近人工智能艺术生成器的流行，许多艺术家也有同样的烦恼)”和第三段中“For McKerman, finding out that her art was an inspiration was initially exciting. But she soon realized that the generator allowed anyone to create an original piece of art in her style, with no credit to her.(对麦柯曼来说，发现自己的艺术作品能带来灵感，一开始让她很兴奋。但她很快意识到，这个生成器允许任何人以她的风格创作一件原创艺术品，却不提及她的功劳)”可知，许多艺术家最近感到恼火是因为人工智能艺术生成器允许用户制作模仿性的图像。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But she soon realized that the generator allowed anyone to create an original piece of art in her style, with no credit to her. This realization made McKerman angry on behalf of all artists.(但她很快意识到，艺术生成器允许任何人按照她的风格创作一件原创艺术品，而没有她的功劳。这一认识让麦柯曼与其他所有艺术家一样，感到愤怒)”可知，人工智能艺术生成器模仿麦柯曼的作品，这让她很生气，说明麦柯曼对其持不认可的态度。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“A world in which anyone can generate art in an instant creates a lessened need for independent artists. It’s also harmful because AI art generators create art in specific artists’ styles in an instant with no credit to them, even though it may have taken the artists hours to create the original piece. Art generators are not only unfair to current artists, but they are also discouraging to potential future artists.(在一个任何人都能瞬间生成艺术作品的世界里，对独立艺术家的需求就会减少。这也是有害的，因为人工智能艺术生成器可以瞬间以特定艺术家的风格创作艺术作品，却不提及他们的功劳，尽管艺术家可能花了几个小时才创作出原作。艺术生成器不仅对现在的艺术家不公平，而且也会让未来有潜力的艺术家灰心丧气)”可知，段中说明人工智能艺术生成器不仅对现在的艺术家不公平，也会让未来有潜力的艺术家灰心丧气，所以本段的目的是解释了人工智能艺术生成器对艺术家的影响。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thus, government regulation and clarified protection of artists’ rights to their work is key to tackling this new world of AI generated art.(因此，政府的监管以及明确保护艺术家对其作品的权利是应对这个人工智能生成艺术的新世界的关键)”可知，作者认为人工智能艺术生成器应该受到具体法规的监管。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・云南玉溪・期末） All experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt has argued is “not the printed form of thoughts already consciously present in the writer’s mind.” Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the temptation (诱惑) of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer inclined to face this challenge. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I did. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. However, that knowledge did not stop them from relying heavily on generative AI. Many of my students are non-native speakers of English and their writing frequently contained grammatical errors. Generative AI is effective at correcting grammar. However, technology often changes vocabulary. My students lacked the skills to identify and correct subtle shifts in meaning. At the start of every semester, I had students write in class. With that baseline sample as a point of comparison, it was a piece of cake to distinguish between their writing and text generated by Chat GPT. AI-assisted writing is easy to identify but hard to prove. As a result, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. The best educators will adapt to Al. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas, revealing contradictions, and clarifying methodologies (方法论). But students must learn to sit with the temporary discovery discomfort with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity. I hope my students would be willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the significant advantages of writing. 5．Why did the author cite Lynn Hunt’s words? A．To introduce the concept of generative AI writing. B．To show historians have different views on writing. C．To stress the idea that writing and thinking are closely related. D．To emphasize the fact that thoughts are presented in printed forms. 6．Why did many of the author’s students depend on generative AI deeply? A．They were computer experts. B．They had no extra time to write. C．They wanted to find novel research. D．They considered writing to be tough work. 7．What problem did the author encounter when correcting students’ writing? A．It was odd to prove students used AI to write. B．It was hard to distinguish generated-AI writing. C．It was difficult for students to accept the author’s feedback. D．It was easy to discover but hard to prove students used AI to write. 8．What does the author expect her students to do about writing? A．To use more generative AI. B．To spot the vital strength of writing. C．To focus on grammar with the help of AI. D．To avoid the uncomfortable process of writing. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了写作与思考的关系，以及AI对学生写作的影响。 5．推理判断题。由文章第一段“All experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt has argued is “not the printed form of thoughts already consciously present in the writer’s mind.” Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. (所有经验丰富的学者都知道，正如历史学家Lynn Hunt所言，写作“并非作者头脑中已自觉形成的思想的印刷形式”。相反，写作是一个与思维紧密相连的过程。)”可知，作者引用Lynn Hunt的话是为了强调写作和思考是紧密相关的。故选C。 6．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the temptation (诱惑) of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer inclined to face this challenge. (写作是一项艰苦的工作。它有时会让人感到害怕。在人工智能的诱惑下，我的许多学生——可能大多数——都不再愿意面对这一挑战。)”可知，作者的学生认为写作是艰苦的工作，因此他们深度依赖生成式AI。故选D。 7．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“AI-assisted writing is easy to identify but hard to prove. As a result, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. (辅助人工智能的写作很容易识别，但很难证明。因此，我发现自己花更多时间在对人工智能的反馈上，而不是对我的学生。)”可知，作者在纠正学生写作时遇到的问题是，虽然很容易识别出AI辅助写作，但很难证明学生使用了AI进行写作。故选D。 8．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“I hope my students would be willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the significant advantages of writing. (我希望我的学生能够愿意进入这些不舒适的空间，或者在那里待足够长的时间，以发现写作的巨大优势。)”可知，作者希望她的学生能够发现并重视写作的重要优势。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・福建南平・期末） If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 9．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 10．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 11．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在责备文化中的负面影响以及如何通过心理安全感来改善工作环境和团队合作。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到，当事情出错时，人们是多么害怕发声。他们知道那些负责的人会找人当作替罪羊来惩罚和羞辱。)”可知，在指责文化中，人们害怕犯错后被当作替罪羊惩罚和羞辱，由此可知，在指责文化中人们害怕承担责任。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. (在心理安全的环境中，当事情出错时，人们有一种共同承担责任的感觉，错误通常被视为学习的机会。)”可知，在心理安全的环境中，错误被视为学习的机会。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. (如果你处于领导职位，那么你有一个绝佳的机会来展示能够创造信任和开放环境的行为与态度。你可以从向他人公开自己过去的错误以及你是如何以建设性的方式应对这些错误开始。)”可知，领导者分享自己的错误和如何建设性地应对这些错误，这强调了真诚沟通的重要性，由此可知，真诚的沟通有助于领导者创造良好环境。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到当事情出错时人们是多么害怕发声。)”以及第二段中的“Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results — group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. (在这种文化中生活和工作导致了有害的结果——团队成员害怕被指责，使他们变得遮遮掩蔽，不信任他人，害怕寻求帮助。)”可知，第一二段讨论了指责文化的负面影响，结合第三段中的“One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. (一个解决方案是创建心理学家所说的心理安全。)”以及下文介绍的通过创建心理安全环境来克服这些问题的方法可知，本文主要介绍的是通过建立心理安全感来摆脱指责文化。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——个人成长与人生价值 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・安徽亳州・期末） It is commonly believed that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful. So how does one practice proper positivity in order to have a healthy mindset? According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you. Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions. Not being afraid of your emotions is healing, which can bring you peace. Forcing certain feelings, even positive ones, takes away the chances of experiencing and being honest about what your feelings really are. Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK. Not being OK is part of life sometimes, and facing it with courage can open the door to recovery. Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. Although that is easier said than done, it all originates from honesty. You can get there. So, it is OK to feel both your negative feelings and the positive ones. They are there for a reason, either to warn you of something, guide you towards something, or inform you of something. You don’t have to run away from them or hide from them. All you need to do is be honest. Be yourself and be authentic. Allow yourself to feel the feeling, the good, the bad and the ugly. Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling. 1．Why is New Scientist mentioned? A．To present a common belief. B．To introduce a new theory. C．To support an argument. D．To explain a concept. 2．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Justify. B．Delay. C．Analyze. D．Ignore 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards suppressing one’s negative emotions? A．Mixed. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 4．What message does the author intend to deliver? A．Mental health really counts. B．Negative emotions are of great harm. C．Positivity and negativity interact with each other. D．Maintaining a balance between positivity and negativity is necessary. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈及生活中需要平街心态，不能过度积极或消极。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful.(但好事太多也可能有害)”结合第二段的“According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you.(据《新科学家》杂志报道，过度乐观可能对你有害)”可知，一定程度的积极态度有好处，但是过度积极可能带来负面影响。因此推断提到“新科学杂志”是为了支撑论点。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK.(消极的想法和情绪是真实存在的。它们是人类经历的一部分，我们应该承认和探索它们，而不是neglect它们。不好也没关系)”和rather than构成的转折关系可知，neglect与acknowledge and explore是反义关系。结合前后文可推断此处表示消极的想法和情绪是真实存在的，是人类经历的一部分，我们应该承认并探究它们，感觉不好也没关系，因此我们不应该忽视消极的想法和情绪。neglect与ignore意思相近，表示“忽视”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions.(不断地强迫自己保持积极，尤其是在充满挑战和困难的时候，会导致你的情绪被压抑)”和第四段的“Of course, allowing yourself o be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either.(当然，让自己被消极情绪所征服，一点都不积极也不是正确的选择)”以及最后一段的“All you need to do is be honest.(你要做的就是诚实)”可知，作者既说不要被消极情绪完全占据，但也强调要接受负面情绪。由此推知，作者对压抑消极情绪持反对的态度。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. (当然，让自己被消极情绪所征服，一点都不积极也不是正确的选择。平衡是关键)”和最后一段“Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling.(积极是一件很棒的事情。但是记住要适度使用，不要把它当作压抑你真实感受的一种方式)可知，作者想要通过文章传达的信息是，维持积极情绪和消极情绪之间的平衡是必要的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·浙江台州·期末）A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 5．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 6．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 7．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 8．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了善良比正确更重要，人们应该学会倾听和欣赏不同的观点，而不是一味地坚持自己的观点，伤害人际关系。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more.(引用美国作家F.Scott Fitzgerald的话：“善良比正确更重要。很多时候，人们需要的不是一个会说话的聪明头脑，而是一颗会倾听的特别的心。”我们经常大声要求正确，用我们的知识和智慧让人眼花缭乱，向他们展示我们是“无所不知的卓越者”。然而，经过反思，我发现Fitzgerald的话更能引起我的共鸣)”可知，菲茨杰拉德的引言，引出了本文要讨论的话题，即善良比正确更重要，所以作者在第一段提到菲茨杰拉德的引言是为了引入话题。故选C。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up.(不愿意承认自己的错误，直到一方让步或放弃)”可知，双方都可能固执己见，由此可知，“dig their heels in”指的是“坚守自己的观点或立场”，选项D“Stick to one’s points(坚持自己的观点)”与其意思相近。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas.(很多时候，我们倾听不是为了理解，而是为了反驳对方。在与某人争论时，我们甚至不听对方说什么，因为当他们说话时，我们已经在脑海里试图找到方法来驳斥他们的想法)”可知，人们在争论中经常倾听是为了反对别人的想法。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are ‘wrong’.(此外，一直坚持自己是对的也会带来额外的伤害——在这个过程中，人际关系会受到伤害。为了证明我们是对的，我们会变得爱评判别人。我们认为对方不值得，因为他们是‘错的’)”可推知，作者认为生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛，为了证明自己对而去伤害人际关系是不值得的，所以作者可能会同意“生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛”这一观点。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・天津河西・期末） A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 9．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 10．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 11．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 12．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了善良比正确更重要，人们应该学会倾听和欣赏不同的观点，而不是一味地坚持自己的观点，伤害人际关系。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more.(引用美国作家F.Scott Fitzgerald的话：“善良比正确更重要。很多时候，人们需要的不是一个会说话的聪明头脑，而是一颗会倾听的特别的心。”我们经常大声要求正确，用我们的知识和智慧让人眼花缭乱，向他们展示我们是“无所不知的卓越者”。然而，经过反思，我发现Fitzgerald的话更能引起我的共鸣)”可知，菲茨杰拉德的引言，引出了本文要讨论的话题，即善良比正确更重要，所以作者在第一段提到菲茨杰拉德的引言是为了引入话题。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up.(不愿意承认自己的错误，直到一方让步或放弃)”可知，双方都可能固执己见，由此可知，“dig their heels in”指的是“坚守自己的观点或立场”，选项D“Stick to one’s points(坚持自己的观点)”与其意思相近。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas.(很多时候，我们倾听不是为了理解，而是为了反驳对方。在与某人争论时，我们甚至不听对方说什么，因为当他们说话时，我们已经在脑海里试图找到方法来驳斥他们的想法)”可知，人们在争论中经常倾听是为了反对别人的想法。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are ‘wrong’.(此外，一直坚持自己是对的也会带来额外的伤害——在这个过程中，人际关系会受到伤害。为了证明我们是对的，我们会变得爱评判别人。我们认为对方不值得，因为他们是‘错的’)”可推知，作者认为生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛，为了证明自己对而去伤害人际关系是不值得的，所以作者可能会同意“生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛”这一观点。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・山东泰安・期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章对比了纸质书籍和电子阅读器在环境保护方面的优劣，指出阅读方式的选择对环境的影响并非一成不变，取决于个人的阅读习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books.(根据Words Rated 2023年的报告，纸质书出版是第三大温室气体排放源，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐用于制作书籍纸张)”可知，该报告指出纸质书出版对环境不友好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“：But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage.(但数字设备也伴随着巨大的碳足迹，主要集中在生产阶段)”可知，数字设备对环境影响最大的是其生产过程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器并在上面阅读很多书，那么这是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你经常阅读，选择电子阅读器是更环保的，因此选项A“读很多书”是正确的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice?(说到阅读，人们有不同的偏好。有些人会选择纸质书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。还有一些人会选择电子阅读器，也许是在手机上，因为它们很方便。但哪个是更环保的选择？)”可知，文章围绕纸质书和电子书哪个更环保的问题展开论述，所以最适合的标题是“纸质书还是电子阅读器，哪个对环境更好”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江西南昌·期末） Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. However, human activities have caused severe damage to marine ecosystems, making ocean protection an urgent task for sustainable development.​ Plastic pollution is one of the most serious threats to oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea, harming marine life. Sea turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, and fish get trapped in plastic nets. This not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed. To reduce plastic pollution, individuals should minimize the use of single-use plastics, while governments should implement stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal.​ Overfishing is another major issue. Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing. This not only reduces biodiversity but also threatens the livelihoods of people who depend on fishing. Implementing sustainable fishing practices, such as setting catch limits and protecting spawning grounds, is essential to restore marine populations.​ Furthermore, ocean acidification, caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption, weakens coral reefs and shell-forming organisms. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, like mangroves and seagrass beds, can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.​ In summary, protecting oceans is vital for both ecological balance and human well-being. By reducing pollution, practicing sustainable fishing, and addressing acidification, we can ensure the oceans continue to support life on Earth.​ 5.Why is plastic pollution harmful to humans?​ A. It damages fishing boats.​ B. Contaminated seafood affects health.​ C. It blocks shipping routes.​ D. It causes skin diseases.​ 6.What does "overfishing" mean according to the passage?​ A. Fishing in the wrong season.​ B. Fishing with outdated equipment.​ C. Catching too many fish.​ D. Fishing in protected areas.​ 7.How can coastal ecosystems help with ocean acidification?​ A. They produce oxygen.​ B. They absorb much carbon dioxide.​ C. They prevent storms.​ D. They cool the ocean water.​ 8.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. Oceans are important for tourism.​ B. Human activities are destroying oceans.​ C. We must take action to protect oceans.​ D. Marine life is facing many dangers. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文阐述了海洋面临的塑料污染、过度捕捞、酸化等问题，提出了相应的保护措施，强调保护海洋对生态平衡和人类福祉至关重要。 5．细节理解题。解析：第二段明确指出 “this not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed”，即受污染的海鲜会影响人类健康。A、C、D 选项文中均未提及。故选B。 6．词义猜测题。解析：根据第三段 “Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing”，“overfishing” 指的是过度捕捞，即捕太多鱼，与 “catching too many fish” 意思一致。A、B、D 选项不符合文意。故选C。 7．细节理解题。解析：第四段提到 “protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems... can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide”，说明沿海生态系统能吸收大量二氧化碳，从而缓解海洋酸化。A、C、D 选项不是其作用。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。解析：文章开头指出海洋保护的紧迫性，中间分析了海洋面临的问题及解决措施，结尾总结保护海洋的重要性，核心是呼吁采取行动保护海洋。A 选项未提及；B、D 选项是文中部分内容，不是主旨。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・辽宁・期末） Any image taken from space confirms that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our planet “Earth,” derived from a Germanic word meaning “the ground,” when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered by ocean. We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the world’s economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us. Take Florida, for example, one of the United States’ recreational hot spots. It’s bordered by the Florida Reef Tract, North America’s only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500 species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshine State’s economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion annually in tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a wave’s energy. Three-quarters of Florida’s 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract provides more than $650 million in combined economic activity and flood protection. A November 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Florida’s coral reefs are experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something,” Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying. The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it’s never too late to start learning. 9．What does the sea do for our human? A．The sea changes our climate. B．The sea controls carbon dioxide for us. C．The sea produces all the oxygen we need. D．The sea provides economical benefits for us. 10．What does the writer suggest? A．Travelling more, learning more. B．Running our business creatively. C．Raising awareness of conservation. D．Doing some voting before actions. 11．Where is the passage probably from? A．A scientific fiction. B．A news report. C．A travel journal. D．A natural magazine. 12．What is a suitable title for the text? A．To Hug the Ocean Tightly. B．To Learn the Ocean Devotedly. C．To Clean the Ocean Carefully. D．To Love the Ocean Permanently. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是议论文。地球表面的70%以上都被海洋覆盖。作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the world’s economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.(海洋为我们提供了一半以上的氧气，吸收二氧化碳，调节气候，并支撑着世界大部分经济。比起它需要我们，我们更需要它。)”可知，海洋为我们提供经济效益。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting.( 直接面对这些问题就是我所说的看海的意思——好的，坏的，重要的。知识就是力量，我们可以用它来指导我们的选择，从更谨慎地旅行，到检查我们如何经营我们的企业，再到投票。)”可知，作者建议我们面对所有的问题，用知识指导选择，谨慎旅游，核查企业经营模式等，综上可推断，要提高环保意识。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”以及全文内容可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解海洋，保护海洋。因此推断文章可能选择自然杂志，故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”和最后一段“The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it’s never too late to start learning.( 海洋是一位了不起的老师，开始了解永远不会太晚。)”可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。因此推断B项“一心一意地了解海洋”为最近标题，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $