专题02 非谓语动词（动名词、分词、不定式）（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 4 03 破·考点攻坚 5 考点精讲一 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 5 考点精讲二 非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 7 考点精讲三 非谓语动词作定语 12 考点精讲四 非谓语动词作状语 14 考点精讲五 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 19 01 析·考情精解 命题轨迹透视 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词（现在分词、过去分词）、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 年份 考点细分 出处 题干关键句 正确答案 解题关键 2025 have + 宾语 + 省略 to 的不定式 2025 北京卷 A 篇 I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12. ______ (scare). scare have sb. do sth. 表 “让某人做某事”，固定搭配中不定式省略 to 现在分词作时间状语 2025 北京卷 C 篇 When 17. ______ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. traveling/travelling 从句主语与主句主语（we）一致，travel 与主语是主动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 不定式作目的状语 2025 北京卷 C 篇 To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. To reduce 不定式位于句首表目的，逻辑主语与主句主语（we）一致 2024 不定式作定语 2024 北京卷 A 篇 Taking the time 1. ______ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of … to rest 名词 time 后接不定式作后置定语，表 “…… 的时间” 过去分词作时间状语 2024 北京卷 B 篇 And when 6. ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation（适度）. asked 从句主语与主句主语（he）一致，ask 与主语是被动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 现在分词作结果状语 2024 北京卷 C 篇 Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. ______ (knock) his books out of his arms. knocking kids 与 knock 是主动关系，动作伴随 ran 发生，表自然而然的结果 2023 过去分词作时间状语 2023 北京卷 B 篇 When 4. ______ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. seen 从句主语与主句主语（forests）一致，see 与主语是被动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 不定式作目的状语 2023 北京卷 C 篇 She called for action 9. ______ (address) the struggles of people around the world. to address 不定式 to do 表目的，此处指 “呼吁行动的目的是解决……” 现在分词作后置定语 2023 北京卷 C 篇 She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world 10. ______ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. facing people 与 face 是主动关系，现在分词作后置定语修饰 people 2022 不定式作定语 2022 北京卷 A 篇 Fearful that he might have an intention 2. ______ (harm) her, Helen started to run. to harm 名词 intention 后接不定式作后置定语，固定搭配 “intention to do sth.”（做某事的意图） 过去分词作后置定语 2022 北京卷 B 篇 One theory, increasingly 4. ______ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. supported theory 与 support 是被动关系（被专家支持），过去分词作后置定语修饰 theory 2021 现在分词作原因状语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events, 8. ______ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. caused 逻辑主语extreme weather events与 cause 是被动关系，过去分词被动式表原因 现在分词作结果状语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9. ______ (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. resulting disasters 与 result 是主动关系，表 “灾难导致经济损失” 的自然结果 不定式作宾语补足语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 The findings show a critical need 10. ______ (invest) in disaster prevention. to invest 名词 need 后接不定式作后置定语，固定搭配 “need to do sth.”（需要做某事） 2026命题预测 2026北京高考语法填空非谓语考点或聚焦三大方向：不定式表目的，分词作定/状语（辨主被动），动名词接固定搭配，需结合语境判成分与逻辑关系。 02 构·知能架构 非谓语动词【句子成分版】 定语 状语 宾补 不定式to do 动词ing形式 过去分词-ed I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系） He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系） 用途 reading room warshing machine walking stick 动名词做定语 主动、进行含义 the man running over there the boy reading under a tree the man sleeping on the bench 现在分词做表语 表被动、完成 the broken glasses a radio made in China a girl dressed in white 不定式to do 动词ing形式[现在分词] 过去分词-ed He came to the school to see his son. He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. We were very excited to hear the news. 目的状语 结果状语，常常表示“意外”结果 原因状语 伴随\ 方式 时间 原因 条件 结果 让步 Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Being a League member, he is always helping others. He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 不定式to do He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 动词ing形式 看 听 感觉 其他 look at\see otice\watch hear\listen to feel keep\leave Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? I heard the song sung several times last week. 主语 宾语 表语 不定式 动词ing形式【动名词】 To live in the city is very expensive. It is expensive to live in the city. It is + 形容词+of/for sb to do It is a pleasure/a pity/an honour to do It takes sb. 时间 to do 表示人的“品性”词后面用of Travelling abroad can be very exciting. Collecting information is very important to businessmen 不定式 动词ing形式【动名词】 She suggested doing it in a different way. I’m looking forward to seeing you again 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like (1) 动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who) ...+to do。 I don’t know how to do it. (如何做这件事) I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not. (是否该卖掉它) (2) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词（间或是名词），常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式后移。 I thought it a great pity not to have invited her. I find it hard to work with him.　(我发现与他一起工作很难。) (3)在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean等)的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 We meant to have stayed there a week, but something unexpected happened. (= We had meant to stay there a week...) (4)在介词but 和except后的动词形式： 在这种句式中，如介词前有实义动词do, 后面一般接不带to的不定式；如果是其他动词, 则接带to不定式。 On that rainy night I had nothing to do but stay in my car.(待在车里) （日常用语中偶尔也见I had nothing to do but to stay in my car.） I have no choice but to stay here. (待在这里) 不定式 不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 My job is to clean the rooms every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。 动名词 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 分词 现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语意为 “人感到…… 的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening. 众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done (vi.) 表完成 done (vt.) 表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 动名词作主语 Talking about the travel experiences we shared brings back warm memories. 谈论我们共同的旅行经历会唤起温暖的回忆。 2. 固定句型中不定式作真正主语 It’s high time we set about planning the family reunion. 是时候开始筹划家庭团聚了。 3. 过去分词作时间状语 Praised by the teacher for his progress, the student smiled confidently. 因进步受到老师表扬，那个学生自信地笑了。 4. 不定式作结果状语 She hurried to the station, only to learn that the last train had left. 她匆忙赶到车站，结果发现末班车已经开走了。 5. 现在分词完成式被动语态作原因状语 Having been kept waiting for over an hour, the customers began to complain. 被晾在一边等了一个多小时，顾客们开始抱怨起来。 6. 不定式被动语态作后置定语 There are several projects to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting. 明天的会议上有几个项目需要讨论。 7. 不定式完成式作主语补足语 The ancient building is believed to have stood here for over 500 years. 人们认为这座古建筑已经在这里矗立了500多年。 考点精讲二 非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 1. 非谓语动词作主语 (1) 不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it 作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 When practicing calligraphy, meditating, painting or doing yoga, to burn a candle can help relieve stress and purify the mood.在练习书法、冥想、绘画或做瑜伽时，点一支蜡烛可以帮助缓解压力、净化心境。 When cooking, gardening, listening to music or arranging flowers, to play soft piano music can help relax the body and enhance pleasure.在烹饪、园艺、听音乐或插花时，播放轻柔的钢琴曲可以帮助放松身心、提升愉悦感。 It is difficult to find a hiker who hasn’t set foot on this mountain trail.很难找到一位没有踏上过这条山间小径的徒步旅行者。 It is hard to mention a literary fan who hasn’t read this classic novel.很难说出一位没有读过这部经典小说的文学爱好者。 【注意】在 “It is/was+adj. +for/of sb to do sth” 结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of，此时形容词常为 kind, nice, foolish 等词，且 sb 与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 for。 (2) 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用 it 作形式主语。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火会很危险。 【注意】下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...) /no use/no good doing sth It is no use regretting what has already happened. 对已经发生的事情后悔是没有用的。 It is no good staying up late every day. 每天熬夜是没有好处的。 2. 非谓语动词作表语 (1) 不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 Her goal is to finish the marathon next year.她的目标是明年跑完马拉松。 His task is to check the equipment before operation.他的任务是在操作前检查设备。 (2) 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 (3) 现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语意为 “人感到…… 的”。 It’s widely accepted that hard work leads to success.人们普遍认为，努力奋斗才能走向成功。 She was surprised at the fact that her old friend moved to the same city.得知老朋友搬到了同一个城市，她感到很意外。 It’s a pity that we can’t attend the concert this weekend.很遗憾，我们这周末不能去看音乐会了。 3. 非谓语动词作宾语 (1) 不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 口诀 动词列表 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, volunteer, pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help He decided to learn a second language during the vacation.他决定在假期里学一门第二语言。 She plans to visit her grandparents next month.她计划下个月去看望爷爷奶奶。 They hope to finish the project ahead of schedule.他们希望提前完成这个项目。 ②动词 tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise 等常接 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后，常用 it 作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 (2) 动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词（短语）： 口诀 动词列表 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, go on/keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape She enjoys listening to classical music in her free time.她闲暇时喜欢听古典音乐。 They suggested holding a party to celebrate the team’s success.他们建议办一场派对来庆祝团队的成功。 I regret telling him the secret without thinking twice.我后悔没深思熟虑就把秘密告诉了他。 The children can’t stand waiting for the cartoon to start.孩子们受不了等着动画片开播。 He kept practicing speaking English until late at night.他一直练习英语口语到深夜。 ②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词 but 后跟不定式作宾语。 She spent three hours in preparing for the job interview.她花了三个小时准备求职面试。 After finishing his homework, he went out to play basketball with friends.完成作业后，他出去和朋友们打篮球了。 We have no choice but to accept the new rules of the company.我们别无选择，只能接受公司的新规定。 Before leaving the office, please make sure all the windows are closed.离开办公室前，请确保所有窗户都已关好。 He is interested in collecting old stamps and coins.他对收集旧邮票和硬币很感兴趣。 ③由 “动词 + 介词” 构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有 be/get used to（习惯于），feel like（想要），insist on（坚持），get down to（开始），devote … to …（致力于……），object to（反对），stick to（坚持），give up（放弃）等。 With many reference materials in hand, he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 (3) 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： mean to do sth 打算做某事；有意做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做过或已发生） regret to do sth 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） regret doing sth 对做过的事后悔（已做） try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 go on to do sth 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth 记住去做某事（未做） I forgot to lock the door when I left home this morning.今天早上出门时，我忘记要锁门了。（未做） I forgot locking the door, so I checked it again.我忘了已经锁过门，所以又检查了一遍。（已做） We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被通过。（未做，告知坏消息） She regrets arguing with her parents last night.她后悔昨晚和父母争吵了。（已做） He tried to solve the math problem with different methods.他努力用不同方法解这道数学题。（努力做） Why not try adding some honey to the tea? It might taste better.为什么不试试在茶里加些蜂蜜呢？可能会更好喝。（尝试做） After finishing the chemistry experiment, we went on to do a physics one.做完化学实验后，我们接着做了物理实验。（做另一件事） The old man went on telling stories even though no one was listening.尽管没人在听，老人还是继续讲着故事。（继续做原来的事） Remember to turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.离开教室前记得关灯。（未做） I remember meeting him at the library last week, but he doesn’t seem to recognize me.我记得上周在图书馆见过他，但他似乎不认识我。（已做） 1. （2025 东城期末 A）Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya's Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ______ (watch) martial arts movies. watching解析：句中 “after” 为介词，介词后接动词时需用动名词形式，因此 “watch” 应变为 “watching”。 2. （2025 海淀二模 C）Instead of ______ (let) friendships slip away, a simple message can bridge the gap and enhance both parties' happiness. letting解析：“instead of” 是介词短语，意为 “代替；而不是”，其后接动词时需用动名词形式，所以 “let” 要变为 “letting”。 3. （2025 朝阳一模 B）DeepSeek-R1 learns by repeatedly ______ (try), unlike other AIs that rely on large amounts of prepared examples. trying解析：“by” 是介词，此处表示 “通过…… 方式”，介词后接动词需用动名词形式，故 “try” 应改为 “trying”。 4. （2025 海淀期末 C）Employees often face this dilemma, referred to as “conformity bias (从众偏差)”—individuals feel ______ (stress) to go along with the decision of the majority, even if it seems wrong. stressed 解析：句中“feel”为系动词，其后需接形容词作表语。“stress”的形容词形式为“stressed”，表示“感到有压力的”，用于描述人的感受，符合语境中“个体感到有压力要遵从多数人的决定”的意思。5. 5. （2025 丰台期末 C）I was left feeling pretty ______ (shake) up by the entire experience. shaken 解析：“feel”为系动词，后接形容词作表语。“shake up”意为“使震惊；使不安”，此处需用其过去分词形式“shaken”作形容词，强调“被整个经历弄得非常不安”的状态，符合语境。 考点精讲三 非谓语动词作定语 1. 不定式作定语 (1) 不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式 to be done 作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2) 不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3) 当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last, the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4) 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2. 分词作定语 (1) 及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being + 过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用 “being + 过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。（主动） We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。（被动、正在进行） The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。（被动、完成） (2) 不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子（表正在进行） fallen leaves 落叶（表完成） 3. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick 拐杖 a reading room 阅览室 a sleeping car 卧铺车 1. （2025 海淀期末 A）The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is now completely encircled by a green belt ______ (stretch) 3, 046 km. 解析：填stretching。green belt与stretch是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，表“延伸达3046公里的绿化带”。 2. （2025 朝阳期末 A）The waiter's 1. ______ (confuse) look suggested my request seemed strange. 解析：填confused。此处修饰look（表情），用-ed形式形容词confused，表“感到困惑的”，强调人的感受；confusing表“令人困惑的”，修饰事物，此处不符合语境。 3. （2025 丰台期末 B）There are a flood of posts 5. ______ (share) purchase experiences, attracting large crowds to the museum shop. 解析：填sharing。posts与share是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，表“分享购物体验的帖子”。 4. （2025 海淀一模 A）His journey—from a self-taught artist to a pioneer 4. ______ (reshape) an industry—inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn't born overnight, but built through commitment. 解析：填reshaping。pioneer与reshape是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，表“重塑一个行业的先驱”。 5. （2025 西城一模 C）The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies 9. ______ (ensure) safety during operation. 解析：填ensuring。technologies与ensure是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，表“确保运行期间安全的技术”。 6. （2025 朝阳一模 C）To track academic writing over time, The Economist analyzed 347, 000 PhD abstracts 9. ______ (publish) between 1812 and 2023. 解析：填published。abstracts与publish是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，表“1812年至2023年间发表的博士论文摘要”。 7. （2025 丰台一模 B）It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort 6. ______ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. 解析：填associated。discomfort与associate是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，be associated with意为“与……相关联”，此处省略be动词，直接用associated。 8. （2025 西城二模 B）This rice-shaped starch (淀粉) product, 5. ______ (make) from potatoes, is undergoing initial production in Zhaotong, Yunnan. 解析：填made。product与make是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，be made from意为“由……制成”，此处省略be动词，直接用made。 9. （2025 东城二模 B）Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an 4. ______ (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. 解析：填organized。此处需形容词修饰名词activity，organize的形容词形式为organized，表“有组织的”。 考点精讲四 非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作状语 (1) 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为 “为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加 in order 或 so as，但 so as to 不能用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 (2) 作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to（不料……）、enough to（足够……）、too … to …（太…… 而不能……）、so/such … as to …（如此…… 以至于……）等。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left. 汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem. 他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 (3) 作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在 “主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + to do” 结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有 sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 They were excited to hear that their team had won the championship. 他们兴奋地得知自己的队伍赢得了冠军。 I’m delighted to receive an invitation to her birthday party.我很高兴收到参加她生日派对的邀请。 He was disappointed to learn that the concert had been cancelled. 他得知音乐会取消后感到很失望。 She is proud to be selected as the representative of the class. 被选为班级代表，她感到很自豪。 We are relieved to know that the missing child has been found safe. 得知失踪的孩子平安找到，我们松了一口气。 【注意】还有一类形容词如 easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 2. 分词作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1) 作时间状语相当于 when, while, before, since, as 引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. = When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2) 作原因状语相当于 because, since, as 引导的原因状语从句。 ① Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it. = Because he didn’t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ② Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged. = Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3) 作条件状语相当于 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. = If I’m given another hour, I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4) 作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接 thus。 More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5) 作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的（或者伴随的）动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. = One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6) 作让步状语相当于 though, although, even if 等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 【注意】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost（迷路的）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（隐瞒的）、lost/absorbed（沉迷于…… 的）、dressed（穿着…… 的）、tired（对…… 感到厌倦的）、excited（兴奋的）等。 Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。 1. （2025 海淀期末 C）______ (avoid) this bias, leaders should ensure that everyone at the table has a voice and that all options are considered in order to work toward a better solution. 解析：填 To avoid。不定式 to do 位于句首作目的状语，明确 “确保人人有话语权、考虑所有选项” 的目的是 “避免这种偏见”，符合 “为了……” 的逻辑，句首不定式常用逗号与主句隔开。 2. （2025 西城期末 C）“Based on existing scientific knowledge, it has the potential to be used on various plants ______ (fight) many diseases.” 解析：填 to fight。此处不定式作目的状语，补充说明 “该技术被用于多种植物” 的目的是 “对抗多种疾病”，不定式可直接跟在名词（plants）后，表动作的目的指向。 3. （2025 东城期末 B）Because it's so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ______ (deliver) medicine. 解析：填 to deliver。deliver 并非 help 的宾补（help 后宾补可省 to，此处结构不符），而是作目的状语，说明 “微型机器人进入体内” 的目的是 “输送药物”，用 to do 明确动作目的。 4. （2025 丰台期末 B）The magnets come in both wood and metal styles, and are delicately made ______ (reflect) the coronet's original design. 解析：填 to reflect。被动语态 “are delicately made” 后接不定式 to do 作目的状语，表 “制作精致” 的目的是 “还原王冠的原始设计”，体现动作的意图。 5． （2025 海淀一模 C）_______ (drive) real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. 解析：句首 To drive 为不定式作目的状语，表 “为了推动真正的变革”，是 “转变气候教育重点” 的核心目的，句首不定式作目的状语是高频用法，需重点掌握。 6. （2025 石景山一模 A）Users can download, change and even run it locally ______ (satisfy) their specific technical requirements. 解析：填 to satisfy。不定式 to do 用于多个并列谓语（download, change, run）后，作共同的目的状语，说明这些动作的目的是 “满足用户特定的技术需求”，逻辑连贯。 7. （2025 海淀二模 B）Many prefer green juice or protein-topped salads ______ (manage) weight. 解析：填 to manage。此处不定式作目的状语，表 “偏爱绿色果汁或蛋白沙拉” 的目的是 “控制体重”，符合 “prefer sth. to do sth.” 表目的的常用结构。 8. （2025 朝阳二模 B）The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough ______ (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 解析：填 to apply。此处为 “adj.+enough+to do” 固定结构，enough 修饰形容词 skilled 后接不定式，表 “足够熟练（以至于）能应用所学”，不定式在此处作结果状语，体现动作带来的自然结果。 9. （2025 西城期末 B）The ship's unique propulsion (推进) system improves safety, ______ (enable) it to operate in rough sea conditions and even during super typhoons. 解析：填 enabling。空格前无连词，逗号连接两个分句，现在分词 enabling 作结果状语，主语 system 与 enable 为主动关系，表 “推进系统提升安全性” 这一动作自然带来 “能在恶劣海况运行” 的结果，现在分词表主动结果。 10. （2025 朝阳二模 B）Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, ______ (set) aside impatience and anxiety. 解析：填 setting。空格前无连词，逗号连接分句，现在分词 setting 作伴随状语，主语 you 与 set 为主动关系，表 “接受漫长过程” 的同时，“抛开急躁和焦虑” 这一动作伴随发生，体现动作的同步性。 11. （2025 朝阳期末 A）______ (learn) something new about each other's cultures, we both smiled. 解析：填 Having learned。现在分词的完成式 Having learned 作时间状语，learn 动作发生在 smile 之前（先学到文化新知识，后微笑），且主语 we 与 learn 为主动关系，强调动作的先后顺序。 12. （2025 石景山一模 C）______ (inspire) by this upward trend, he joined a travel startup and set about designing personalised cultural trips. 解析：填 Inspired。过去分词 Inspired 作原因状语，主语 he 与 inspire 为被动关系（“被上升趋势鼓舞”），用过去分词表被动原因，说明 “加入旅游初创公司” 的动因。 13. （2025 东城期末 B）Because it's so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ______ (deliver) medicine. to deliver 句子主干为 “it could help tiny robots enter the body”，“help sb. do sth.” 结构已完整（“enter the body” 是 “robots” 的动作，作宾语补足语）。空格后 “deliver medicine”（输送药物）是 “robots enter the body” 的目的 —— 机器人进入体内的核心目的是输送药物，因此需用不定式 “to do” 表动作目的。 考点精讲五 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即 “动词 / 动词短语 + 宾语 + to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise 建议、allow 允许、ask 询问；要求、beg 恳求、cause 导致、encourage 鼓励、permit 准许、forbid 禁止、force 强迫、intend 打算、invite 邀请、order 命令；要求、persuade 说服、prefer 更喜欢、require 需要；要求、teach 教、remind 提醒、tell 告诉、want 想要、warn 警告、wish 希望；想要、wait for 等待、call on 号召；要求、depend on 依靠、urge 催促；力劝 例句： The teacher encouraged us to pursue our dreams bravely.（老师鼓励我们勇敢追求自己的梦想。） My parents reminded me not to forget to take my umbrella.（父母提醒我别忘了带伞。） The manager asked the team to finish the project before Friday.（经理要求团队在周五前完成项目。） She relies on her sister to pick her up after work.（她依赖姐姐下班后接她。） The coach advised the players not to give up easily.（教练建议球员们不要轻易放弃。） 下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sth/sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 例句： He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。 The accident is reported to have killed two people. 据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。 非谓语动词作感官动词 (短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1) 感官动词 (短语) see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，以 see 为例： 结构 含义 逻辑关系 see + 宾语 + doing sth 看见…… 正做…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 see + 宾语 + do sth 看见…… 做了…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 see + 宾语 + being done 看见…… 正在被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 see + 宾语 + done 看见…… 被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 例句： I saw a group of children plant trees in the community yesterday. 昨天，我看见一群孩子在社区里种树。 When passing the playground, she saw several students running fast and cheering loudly for the relay race.经过操场时，她看见几个学生跑得飞快，还在为接力赛大声欢呼。 After returning from the business trip, he was glad to see his pet dog looked after carefully by his neighbor.出差回来后，他很高兴看到自己的宠物狗被邻居照顾得很周到。 I saw an old man carrying a heavy bag stop by the road and ask a policeman for directions just now. 刚才，我看见一个提着沉重袋子的老人停在路边，向警察问路。 As the concert ended, we saw many audience members moved by the performance wipe away their tears gently. 音乐会结束时，我们看见许多被演出打动的观众在轻轻擦眼泪。 【注意】“感官动词 + 宾语 + 省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语” 在变为被动语态时需加 to。 例句：A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly, a heavy box carried in her arms. 有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。 (2) 使役动词 make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况： make | make + 宾语 + do | 让…… 做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | make + 宾语 + done | 让…… 被做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard. 大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。 let | let + 宾语 + do | 让…… 做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | let + 宾语 + be done | 让…… 被做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： Don’t let your child play with matches in case a big fire breaks out. 别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。 Let the homework be done immediately; otherwise it’s time for you to hand it in. 请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。 have | have + 宾语 + do sth | 让…… 做某事 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | have + 宾语 + doing sth | 使…… 持续做某事 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | have + 宾语 + done | 使…… 被做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow. 我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 【注意】 “使役动词 + 宾语 + 省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语” 在变为被动语态时也需加 to。 例句：He was made to work day and night, so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 have sb doing sth 用于否定句中，常与 can’t, won’t 等连用，表示 “不能容忍某人做某事”。 例句：I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that, which is so rude. 我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。 get | get + 宾语 + to do sth | 使…… 做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | get + 宾语 + doing sth | 使…… 开始做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | get + 宾语 + done | 使…… 被做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 3. 动词 leave, keep, find, catch 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 动词 结构 含义 / 逻辑关系 (1) leave sb/sth doing sth 让某人 / 物一直处于某种状态；宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行 sth undone 留下某事未做；宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动和完成（宾补多为 undone、unfinished 等） sb to do sth / sth to be done 让某人去做某事 / 留下某事要做；动词不定式表示将来的动作 (2) keep sb/sth doing sth 让某人 / 物一直做某事；表示主动，强调动作的持续性 sb/sth done 使某人 / 物被……；表示被动且完成，或表示状态 (3) find sb doing 发现某人正在做……；表示主动，动作正在进行 sb/sth done 发现某人 / 物已经……；表示完成或状态 sb/sth to be… 发现某人 / 物……；用于补充说明宾主的状态、性质、特征等 (4) catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事 例句： The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 I caught him smoking in the bathroom. 我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。 “with + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构 with + 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词：现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 例句：He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词：过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 例句：With his hair cut, he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式：不定式表示动作尚未发生 例句：With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 1. （2025 朝阳期末 C）This close connection to the game world allows us 10 ______ (use) digital platforms to introduce Shanxi's high-quality cultural and tourism resources through interactive methods. 不定式 to do 作宾语补足语, “allow sb. to do sth.” 的固定结构，不定式 “to use” 补充说明宾语 “us” 的动作，即 “允许我们使用数字平台”，“to use” 作 “us” 的宾语补足语，明确 “允许” 的具体内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 4 03 破·考点攻坚 5 考点精讲一 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 5 考点精讲二 非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 7 考点精讲三 非谓语动词作定语 12 考点精讲四 非谓语动词作状语 14 考点精讲五 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 19 01 析·考情精解 命题轨迹透视 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词（现在分词、过去分词）、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 年份 考点细分 出处 题干关键句 正确答案 解题关键 2025 have + 宾语 + 省略 to 的不定式 2025 北京卷 A 篇 I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12. ______ (scare). scare have sb. do sth. 表 “让某人做某事”，固定搭配中不定式省略 to 现在分词作时间状语 2025 北京卷 C 篇 When 17. ______ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. traveling/travelling 从句主语与主句主语（we）一致，travel 与主语是主动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 不定式作目的状语 2025 北京卷 C 篇 To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. To reduce 不定式位于句首表目的，逻辑主语与主句主语（we）一致 2024 不定式作定语 2024 北京卷 A 篇 Taking the time 1. ______ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of … to rest 名词 time 后接不定式作后置定语，表 “…… 的时间” 过去分词作时间状语 2024 北京卷 B 篇 And when 6. ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation（适度）. asked 从句主语与主句主语（he）一致，ask 与主语是被动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 现在分词作结果状语 2024 北京卷 C 篇 Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. ______ (knock) his books out of his arms. knocking kids 与 knock 是主动关系，动作伴随 ran 发生，表自然而然的结果 2023 过去分词作时间状语 2023 北京卷 B 篇 When 4. ______ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. seen 从句主语与主句主语（forests）一致，see 与主语是被动关系，省略 “主语 + be” 不定式作目的状语 2023 北京卷 C 篇 She called for action 9. ______ (address) the struggles of people around the world. to address 不定式 to do 表目的，此处指 “呼吁行动的目的是解决……” 现在分词作后置定语 2023 北京卷 C 篇 She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world 10. ______ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. facing people 与 face 是主动关系，现在分词作后置定语修饰 people 2022 不定式作定语 2022 北京卷 A 篇 Fearful that he might have an intention 2. ______ (harm) her, Helen started to run. to harm 名词 intention 后接不定式作后置定语，固定搭配 “intention to do sth.”（做某事的意图） 过去分词作后置定语 2022 北京卷 B 篇 One theory, increasingly 4. ______ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. supported theory 与 support 是被动关系（被专家支持），过去分词作后置定语修饰 theory 2021 现在分词作原因状语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events, 8. ______ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. caused 逻辑主语extreme weather events与 cause 是被动关系，过去分词被动式表原因 现在分词作结果状语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9. ______ (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. resulting disasters 与 result 是主动关系，表 “灾难导致经济损失” 的自然结果 不定式作宾语补足语 2021 北京卷 C 篇 The findings show a critical need 10. ______ (invest) in disaster prevention. to invest 名词 need 后接不定式作后置定语，固定搭配 “need to do sth.”（需要做某事） 2026命题预测 2026北京高考语法填空非谓语考点或聚焦三大方向：不定式表目的，分词作定/状语（辨主被动），动名词接固定搭配，需结合语境判成分与逻辑关系。 02 构·知能架构 非谓语动词【句子成分版】 定语 状语 宾补 不定式to do 动词ing形式 过去分词-ed I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系） He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系） 用途 reading room warshing machine walking stick 动名词做定语 主动、进行含义 the man running over there the boy reading under a tree the man sleeping on the bench 现在分词做表语 表被动、完成 the broken glasses a radio made in China a girl dressed in white 不定式to do 动词ing形式[现在分词] 过去分词-ed He came to the school to see his son. He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. We were very excited to hear the news. 目的状语 结果状语，常常表示“意外”结果 原因状语 伴随\ 方式 时间 原因 条件 结果 让步 Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Being a League member, he is always helping others. He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 不定式to do He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 动词ing形式 看 听 感觉 其他 look at\see otice\watch hear\listen to feel keep\leave Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? I heard the song sung several times last week. 主语 宾语 表语 不定式 动词ing形式【动名词】 To live in the city is very expensive. It is expensive to live in the city. It is + 形容词+of/for sb to do It is a pleasure/a pity/an honour to do It takes sb. 时间 to do 表示人的“品性”词后面用of Travelling abroad can be very exciting. Collecting information is very important to businessmen 不定式 动词ing形式【动名词】 She suggested doing it in a different way. I’m looking forward to seeing you again 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like (1) 动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who) ...+to do。 I don’t know how to do it. (如何做这件事) I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not. (是否该卖掉它) (2) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词（间或是名词），常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式后移。 I thought it a great pity not to have invited her. I find it hard to work with him.　(我发现与他一起工作很难。) (3)在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean等)的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 We meant to have stayed there a week, but something unexpected happened. (= We had meant to stay there a week...) (4)在介词but 和except后的动词形式： 在这种句式中，如介词前有实义动词do, 后面一般接不带to的不定式；如果是其他动词, 则接带to不定式。 On that rainy night I had nothing to do but stay in my car.(待在车里) （日常用语中偶尔也见I had nothing to do but to stay in my car.） I have no choice but to stay here. (待在这里) 不定式 不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 My job is to clean the rooms every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。 动名词 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 分词 现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语意为 “人感到…… 的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening. 众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done (vi.) 表完成 done (vt.) 表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 动名词作主语 Talking about the travel experiences we shared brings back warm memories. 谈论我们共同的旅行经历会唤起温暖的回忆。 2. 固定句型中不定式作真正主语 It’s high time we set about planning the family reunion. 是时候开始筹划家庭团聚了。 3. 过去分词作时间状语 Praised by the teacher for his progress, the student smiled confidently. 因进步受到老师表扬，那个学生自信地笑了。 4. 不定式作结果状语 She hurried to the station, only to learn that the last train had left. 她匆忙赶到车站，结果发现末班车已经开走了。 5. 现在分词完成式被动语态作原因状语 Having been kept waiting for over an hour, the customers began to complain. 被晾在一边等了一个多小时，顾客们开始抱怨起来。 6. 不定式被动语态作后置定语 There are several projects to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting. 明天的会议上有几个项目需要讨论。 7. 不定式完成式作主语补足语 The ancient building is believed to have stood here for over 500 years. 人们认为这座古建筑已经在这里矗立了500多年。 考点精讲二 非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 1. 非谓语动词作主语 (1) 不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it 作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 When practicing calligraphy, meditating, painting or doing yoga, to burn a candle can help relieve stress and purify the mood.在练习书法、冥想、绘画或做瑜伽时，点一支蜡烛可以帮助缓解压力、净化心境。 When cooking, gardening, listening to music or arranging flowers, to play soft piano music can help relax the body and enhance pleasure.在烹饪、园艺、听音乐或插花时，播放轻柔的钢琴曲可以帮助放松身心、提升愉悦感。 It is difficult to find a hiker who hasn’t set foot on this mountain trail.很难找到一位没有踏上过这条山间小径的徒步旅行者。 It is hard to mention a literary fan who hasn’t read this classic novel.很难说出一位没有读过这部经典小说的文学爱好者。 【注意】在 “It is/was+adj. +for/of sb to do sth” 结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of，此时形容词常为 kind, nice, foolish 等词，且 sb 与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 for。 (2) 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用 it 作形式主语。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火会很危险。 【注意】下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...) /no use/no good doing sth It is no use regretting what has already happened. 对已经发生的事情后悔是没有用的。 It is no good staying up late every day. 每天熬夜是没有好处的。 2. 非谓语动词作表语 (1) 不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 Her goal is to finish the marathon next year.她的目标是明年跑完马拉松。 His task is to check the equipment before operation.他的任务是在操作前检查设备。 (2) 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 (3) 现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语意为 “人感到…… 的”。 It’s widely accepted that hard work leads to success.人们普遍认为，努力奋斗才能走向成功。 She was surprised at the fact that her old friend moved to the same city.得知老朋友搬到了同一个城市，她感到很意外。 It’s a pity that we can’t attend the concert this weekend.很遗憾，我们这周末不能去看音乐会了。 3. 非谓语动词作宾语 (1) 不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 口诀 动词列表 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, volunteer, pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help He decided to learn a second language during the vacation.他决定在假期里学一门第二语言。 She plans to visit her grandparents next month.她计划下个月去看望爷爷奶奶。 They hope to finish the project ahead of schedule.他们希望提前完成这个项目。 ②动词 tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise 等常接 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后，常用 it 作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 (2) 动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词（短语）： 口诀 动词列表 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, go on/keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape She enjoys listening to classical music in her free time.她闲暇时喜欢听古典音乐。 They suggested holding a party to celebrate the team’s success.他们建议办一场派对来庆祝团队的成功。 I regret telling him the secret without thinking twice.我后悔没深思熟虑就把秘密告诉了他。 The children can’t stand waiting for the cartoon to start.孩子们受不了等着动画片开播。 He kept practicing speaking English until late at night.他一直练习英语口语到深夜。 ②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词 but 后跟不定式作宾语。 She spent three hours in preparing for the job interview.她花了三个小时准备求职面试。 After finishing his homework, he went out to play basketball with friends.完成作业后，他出去和朋友们打篮球了。 We have no choice but to accept the new rules of the company.我们别无选择，只能接受公司的新规定。 Before leaving the office, please make sure all the windows are closed.离开办公室前，请确保所有窗户都已关好。 He is interested in collecting old stamps and coins.他对收集旧邮票和硬币很感兴趣。 ③由 “动词 + 介词” 构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有 be/get used to（习惯于），feel like（想要），insist on（坚持），get down to（开始），devote … to …（致力于……），object to（反对），stick to（坚持），give up（放弃）等。 With many reference materials in hand, he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 (3) 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： mean to do sth 打算做某事；有意做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做过或已发生） regret to do sth 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） regret doing sth 对做过的事后悔（已做） try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 go on to do sth 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth 记住去做某事（未做） I forgot to lock the door when I left home this morning.今天早上出门时，我忘记要锁门了。（未做） I forgot locking the door, so I checked it again.我忘了已经锁过门，所以又检查了一遍。（已做） We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被通过。（未做，告知坏消息） She regrets arguing with her parents last night.她后悔昨晚和父母争吵了。（已做） He tried to solve the math problem with different methods.他努力用不同方法解这道数学题。（努力做） Why not try adding some honey to the tea? It might taste better.为什么不试试在茶里加些蜂蜜呢？可能会更好喝。（尝试做） After finishing the chemistry experiment, we went on to do a physics one.做完化学实验后，我们接着做了物理实验。（做另一件事） The old man went on telling stories even though no one was listening.尽管没人在听，老人还是继续讲着故事。（继续做原来的事） Remember to turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.离开教室前记得关灯。（未做） I remember meeting him at the library last week, but he doesn’t seem to recognize me.我记得上周在图书馆见过他，但他似乎不认识我。（已做） 1. （2025 东城期末 A）Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya's Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ______ (watch) martial arts movies. 2. （2025 海淀二模 C）Instead of ______ (let) friendships slip away, a simple message can bridge the gap and enhance both parties' happiness. 3. （2025 朝阳一模 B）DeepSeek-R1 learns by repeatedly ______ (try), unlike other AIs that rely on large amounts of prepared examples. 4. （2025 海淀期末 C）Employees often face this dilemma, referred to as “conformity bias (从众偏差)”—individuals feel ______ (stress) to go along with the decision of the majority, even if it seems wrong. 5. （2025 丰台期末 C）I was left feeling pretty ______ (shake) up by the entire experience. 考点精讲三 非谓语动词作定语 1. 不定式作定语 (1) 不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式 to be done 作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2) 不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3) 当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last, the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4) 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2. 分词作定语 (1) 及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being + 过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用 “being + 过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。（主动） We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。（被动、正在进行） The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。（被动、完成） (2) 不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子（表正在进行） fallen leaves 落叶（表完成） 3. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick 拐杖 a reading room 阅览室 a sleeping car 卧铺车 1. （2025 海淀期末 A）The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is now completely encircled by a green belt ______ (stretch) 3, 046 km. 2. （2025 朝阳期末 A）The waiter's 1. ______ (confuse) look suggested my request seemed strange. 3. （2025 丰台期末 B）There are a flood of posts 5. ______ (share) purchase experiences, attracting large crowds to the museum shop. 4. （2025 海淀一模 A）His journey—from a self-taught artist to a pioneer 4. ______ (reshape) an industry—inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn't born overnight, but built through commitment. 5. （2025 西城一模 C）The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies 9. ______ (ensure) safety during operation. 6. （2025 朝阳一模 C）To track academic writing over time, The Economist analyzed 347, 000 PhD abstracts 9. ______ (publish) between 1812 and 2023. 7. （2025 丰台一模 B）It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort 6. ______ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. 8. （2025 西城二模 B）This rice-shaped starch (淀粉) product, 5. ______ (make) from potatoes, is undergoing initial production in Zhaotong, Yunnan. 9. （2025 东城二模 B）Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an 4. ______ (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. 考点精讲四 非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作状语 (1) 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为 “为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加 in order 或 so as，但 so as to 不能用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 (2) 作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to（不料……）、enough to（足够……）、too … to …（太…… 而不能……）、so/such … as to …（如此…… 以至于……）等。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left. 汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem. 他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 (3) 作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在 “主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + to do” 结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有 sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 They were excited to hear that their team had won the championship. 他们兴奋地得知自己的队伍赢得了冠军。 I’m delighted to receive an invitation to her birthday party.我很高兴收到参加她生日派对的邀请。 He was disappointed to learn that the concert had been cancelled. 他得知音乐会取消后感到很失望。 She is proud to be selected as the representative of the class. 被选为班级代表，她感到很自豪。 We are relieved to know that the missing child has been found safe. 得知失踪的孩子平安找到，我们松了一口气。 【注意】还有一类形容词如 easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 2. 分词作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1) 作时间状语相当于 when, while, before, since, as 引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. = When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2) 作原因状语相当于 because, since, as 引导的原因状语从句。 ① Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it. = Because he didn’t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ② Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged. = Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3) 作条件状语相当于 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. = If I’m given another hour, I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4) 作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接 thus。 More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5) 作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的（或者伴随的）动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. = One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6) 作让步状语相当于 though, although, even if 等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 【注意】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost（迷路的）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（隐瞒的）、lost/absorbed（沉迷于…… 的）、dressed（穿着…… 的）、tired（对…… 感到厌倦的）、excited（兴奋的）等。 Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。 1. （2025 海淀期末 C）______ (avoid) this bias, leaders should ensure that everyone at the table has a voice and that all options are considered in order to work toward a better solution. 2. （2025 西城期末 C）“Based on existing scientific knowledge, it has the potential to be used on various plants ______ (fight) many diseases.” 3. （2025 东城期末 B）Because it's so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ______ (deliver) medicine. 4. （2025 丰台期末 B）The magnets come in both wood and metal styles, and are delicately made ______ (reflect) the coronet's original design. 5． （2025 海淀一模 C）_______ (drive) real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. 6. （2025 石景山一模 A）Users can download, change and even run it locally ______ (satisfy) their specific technical requirements. 7. （2025 海淀二模 B）Many prefer green juice or protein-topped salads ______ (manage) weight. 8. （2025 朝阳二模 B）The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough ______ (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 9. （2025 西城期末 B）The ship's unique propulsion (推进) system improves safety, ______ (enable) it to operate in rough sea conditions and even during super typhoons. 10. （2025 朝阳二模 B）Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, ______ (set) aside impatience and anxiety. 11. （2025 朝阳期末 A）______ (learn) something new about each other's cultures, we both smiled. 12. （2025 石景山一模 C）______ (inspire) by this upward trend, he joined a travel startup and set about designing personalised cultural trips. 13. （2025 东城期末 B）Because it's so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ______ (deliver) medicine. 考点精讲五 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即 “动词 / 动词短语 + 宾语 + to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise 建议、allow 允许、ask 询问；要求、beg 恳求、cause 导致、encourage 鼓励、permit 准许、forbid 禁止、force 强迫、intend 打算、invite 邀请、order 命令；要求、persuade 说服、prefer 更喜欢、require 需要；要求、teach 教、remind 提醒、tell 告诉、want 想要、warn 警告、wish 希望；想要、wait for 等待、call on 号召；要求、depend on 依靠、urge 催促；力劝 例句： The teacher encouraged us to pursue our dreams bravely.（老师鼓励我们勇敢追求自己的梦想。） My parents reminded me not to forget to take my umbrella.（父母提醒我别忘了带伞。） The manager asked the team to finish the project before Friday.（经理要求团队在周五前完成项目。） She relies on her sister to pick her up after work.（她依赖姐姐下班后接她。） The coach advised the players not to give up easily.（教练建议球员们不要轻易放弃。） 下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sth/sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 例句： He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。 The accident is reported to have killed two people. 据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。 非谓语动词作感官动词 (短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1) 感官动词 (短语) see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，以 see 为例： 结构 含义 逻辑关系 see + 宾语 + doing sth 看见…… 正做…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 see + 宾语 + do sth 看见…… 做了…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 see + 宾语 + being done 看见…… 正在被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 see + 宾语 + done 看见…… 被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 例句： I saw a group of children plant trees in the community yesterday. 昨天，我看见一群孩子在社区里种树。 When passing the playground, she saw several students running fast and cheering loudly for the relay race.经过操场时，她看见几个学生跑得飞快，还在为接力赛大声欢呼。 After returning from the business trip, he was glad to see his pet dog looked after carefully by his neighbor.出差回来后，他很高兴看到自己的宠物狗被邻居照顾得很周到。 I saw an old man carrying a heavy bag stop by the road and ask a policeman for directions just now. 刚才，我看见一个提着沉重袋子的老人停在路边，向警察问路。 As the concert ended, we saw many audience members moved by the performance wipe away their tears gently. 音乐会结束时，我们看见许多被演出打动的观众在轻轻擦眼泪。 【注意】“感官动词 + 宾语 + 省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语” 在变为被动语态时需加 to。 例句：A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly, a heavy box carried in her arms. 有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。 (2) 使役动词 make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况： make | make + 宾语 + do | 让…… 做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | make + 宾语 + done | 让…… 被做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard. 大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。 let | let + 宾语 + do | 让…… 做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | let + 宾语 + be done | 让…… 被做…… | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： Don’t let your child play with matches in case a big fire breaks out. 别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。 Let the homework be done immediately; otherwise it’s time for you to hand it in. 请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。 have | have + 宾语 + do sth | 让…… 做某事 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | have + 宾语 + doing sth | 使…… 持续做某事 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | have + 宾语 + done | 使…… 被做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 例句： He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow. 我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 【注意】 “使役动词 + 宾语 + 省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语” 在变为被动语态时也需加 to。 例句：He was made to work day and night, so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 have sb doing sth 用于否定句中，常与 can’t, won’t 等连用，表示 “不能容忍某人做某事”。 例句：I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that, which is so rude. 我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。 get | get + 宾语 + to do sth | 使…… 做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | get + 宾语 + doing sth | 使…… 开始做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 | | get + 宾语 + done | 使…… 被做 | 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 | 3. 动词 leave, keep, find, catch 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 动词 结构 含义 / 逻辑关系 (1) leave sb/sth doing sth 让某人 / 物一直处于某种状态；宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行 sth undone 留下某事未做；宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动和完成（宾补多为 undone、unfinished 等） sb to do sth / sth to be done 让某人去做某事 / 留下某事要做；动词不定式表示将来的动作 (2) keep sb/sth doing sth 让某人 / 物一直做某事；表示主动，强调动作的持续性 sb/sth done 使某人 / 物被……；表示被动且完成，或表示状态 (3) find sb doing 发现某人正在做……；表示主动，动作正在进行 sb/sth done 发现某人 / 物已经……；表示完成或状态 sb/sth to be… 发现某人 / 物……；用于补充说明宾主的状态、性质、特征等 (4) catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事 例句： The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 I caught him smoking in the bathroom. 我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。 “with + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构 with + 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词：现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 例句：He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词：过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 例句：With his hair cut, he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式：不定式表示动作尚未发生 例句：With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 1. （2025 朝阳期末 C）This close connection to the game world allows us 10 ______ (use) digital platforms to introduce Shanxi's high-quality cultural and tourism resources through interactive methods. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $