Unit 7 Natural Disasters -主语从句、表语从句（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）

主语从句VS表语从句 《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 7 Natural Disasters 语法 03 巩固练习 目录 01 主语从句 02 表语从句 （动画）邀请你掌握： （动画）学会判断祈使句的方法 （动画）用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止 （动画）区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句” 2 Lead in 主语是一个句子说明的人或事物，即叙述的主题，一般位于句首。 什么是主语 主语 We know the truth. 找一找 主语 The book is interesting. 主语 什么是主语 找出下列句子的主语 1. Zhang Guimei’s love helps mountain girls. 2. Teaching in mountains makes Zhang Guimei happy. 3. To help girls study is Zhang Guimei's dream. 4. That she helps poor girls warms many hearts. Zhang Guimei’s Teaching in mountains To help girls That she helps poor girls 名词作主语 动名词作主语 不定式作主语 句子作主语 在复合句中，主语为句子的从句叫主语从句。主语从句用陈述语气，句首引导词不能省略。 什么是主语从句 主语从句 What is the subjective clause? That the Earth goes around the Sun 句子作主语 is the truth. 系动词 表语 什么是主语从句 如何找出主语从句 先找出be动词和谓语动词，谓语前面的句子就是主语从句 Why he did that 句子充当主语 quite clear. 系 wasn’t 表 It it作形式主语 quite clear 系 is 表 that the whole project is doomed to failure. 主语从句 (陈述语序) Task That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear. Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 以下哪些句子是主语从句？ Whom the letter was from is still unknown. The little girl sings very beautifully. The rain stopped suddenly, so we decided to go out for a walk. What we should do with the problem is undecided. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. That you don’t like him is none of my business. 主语从句的引导词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that if whether who,whom whose,whoever what, which whatever,whichever when where how why That he passed the driving test made us very happy. that不做成分，无意义，在句首时不能省略。 That he will join our company is certain. that引导的主语从句 从属连词 Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 意为“是否”，不做成份，不能省略。在句首只能用whether，不能用if。 It depends on the weather whether/if we’ll go camping tomorrow. Whether/if引导的主语从句 从属连词 从属连词 从属连词 that whether, if 不做成份，无意义，在句首时不能省略。 意为“是否”，不做成份，不能省略。在句首只能用whether, 不能用if。 总结 Who can help the poor girls is unknown. who/whom (谁) whose(谁的) whoever(无论谁) what(什么) whatever(任何) which(哪个) 连接代词 who作从句的主语 What you said yesterday was right. what作从句的宾语 Which team will win the match is still unknown. which作从句的定语 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 连接代词起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义， 在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 连接代词 Whatever 作从句的主语 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whoever 作从句的主语 Why he did that wasn’t quite clear. 连接副词：起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，作状语。 when(何时) where(何处) why(为何) how(如何) 连接副词 Where we can look up his address is still a problem. How the he will come is not clear. When the library will open hasn’t been decided. 主语从句连接词总结 从属连词 that whether, if 不做成份，无意义，在句首时不能省略。 意为“是否”，不做成份，不能省略。在句首只能用whether, 不能用if。 连接代词 who/whom (谁) whose(谁的) what(什么) which(哪个) whoever(无论谁) whatever(任何) 起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 连接副词: when(何时) where(何处) why(为何) how(如何) 起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，作状语。 it作形式主语 1. It be + 形容词 + that + 主语从句 important necessary natural clear strange obvious possible true eg. It is obvious that Tu Youyou dedicated herself to medical research. it作形式主语 2. It is + 名词 / 名词短语 + that 从句 a pity （遗憾） a shame （遗憾，耻辱） a fact （事实） a wonder （奇迹） good news（好消息） no wonder（难怪） an honor （荣耀） eg. It's no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. it作形式主语 3. It be + 过去分词 + that + 主语从句 eg. It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident. eg. It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. it作形式主语 4. It + 特殊动词+ that从句 seem看上去 appear显得 happen碰巧 turn out结果 matter 关系重大 eg.It seems to me that he objects to the plan. 主语从句主谓一致 1. 单个主语从句作主语时，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词通常用单数形式 What Jay Chou creates in his songs is popular among young people. 2. 由 and 连接两个或多个主语从句时，若表同一概念，谓语用单数；若表不同概念，谓语用复数 What the scientist researched and discovered is artemisinin. (“研究” 和 “发现” 围绕同一事物，表同一概念，谓语用 is) What the singer sings and what the dancer performs are both loved by the audience. (“演唱内容” 和 “舞蹈表演” 是不同概念，谓语用 are) 主语从句中的虚拟语气 1. 在 “it is + 形容词+ that 从句” 句型中，主语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。 It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that sb. (should) do shth. eg. It is important that we (should) study hard. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 2. 在 “it is + suggested/advised/ordered/requestesd/insisted/required+ that 从句” 句型中，表 “建议、要求、命令、必要性、重要性” 时，从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “should + 动词原形”（should 可省略） It is suggested/advised/ordered/requestesd/insisted/required that sb. (should) do shth. eg. It is suggested that you (should) help your parents do some housework. 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征或者状态等 什么是表语 表语 句子的结构： 主语 系动词 表语 She a beautiful girl. is 表语从句是指从句在句子中充当表语，紧跟在系动词之后，对主语进行解释，说明，使主语内容具体化。 什么是表语从句 表语从句 What is the subjective clause? The fact 主语 is that we are now facing more and more natural disaster. 系动词 表语从句 表语从句的构成 表语从句的结构 主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 从句 The fact 主语 is that we are now facing more and more natural disaster. 系动词 表语从句 引导词 The fact is that I didn’t finish my homework. 表语从句的引导词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that whether because who,whom whose,whoever what, which whatever,whichever when where how why as if/as though The fact is that we should depend on ourselves. that不做成分，无意义，不能省略。 The problem is that people sometimes harm the environment. that引导的表语从句 从属连词 从属连词 要求： request, requirement, insistence… 建议： idea, advice, suggestion… 命令： order, instruction… 我的建议是我们应该告诉她。 My suggestion is that we should tell her. that引导的表语从句，如果主语是建议、要求、命令等词，表语从句用“should+动词原形” （should可省略）。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project. whether引导表语从句时，译为“是否”，不作成分，不能省略。 The question is whether the sandstorm will affect our life. Whether引导的表语从句 从属连词 从句内容如果与事实不符，用虚拟语气 as if/as though引导表语从句时，译为“似乎，好像”，常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be, become之后。 as if/as though引导的表语从句 从属连词 She looks as if she were angry with me. 她看起来好像在生我的气。（其实没有生气） 从句内容如果与事实相符或者可能相符，用陈述语气 Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 乌云密布，看起来好像要下雨。（可能真会下雨） I didn’t go to work yesterday. That’s because I was ill. because 引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because…”结构中. 注意：前面的主语不能是reason Why were you late for school. Was it because you got up late? because引导的表语从句 从属连词 This is why we don’t trust him. That is because he often lies. 注意：区分because(原因)和why(结果) 从属连词 1. This is why + 结果 那就是…的原因 2. That is because + 原因 那是因为… The reason why we don’t trust him is that he often lies. 注意：表语从句中，reason作主语时，用that连接 从属连词 reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表原因时要用that引导。 主语 定从 系 表语从句 The problem is who can do the work. who/whom (谁) whose(谁的) whoever(无论谁) what(什么) whatever(任何) which(哪个) 连接代词 who作从句的主语 I know whom he loves. whom作从句的宾语 The problem is whose cat is the most cute. whose作从句的定语 What he wants to get is whatever you have. 连接代词起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义， 在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 连接代词 Whatever 作从句的宾语 You can be whoever you want to be. Whoever 作从句的宾语 That was where we camped last time. 连接副词：起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，作状语。 when(何时) where(何处) why(为何) how(如何) 连接副词 The question is how we can persuade him to go. That is why he didn’t come. The question is when the shop will open. where 作地点状语 how 作方式状语 why 作原因状语 when 作时间状语 表语从句的时态 1.主现从不限 The plan is that we will start tomorrow. My opinion is that he is right. The fact is that she lived here for 10 years. 如果主句是现在的某个时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 宾语从句的时态 2.主过从也过 His idea was that they would try again. The problem was that she didn’t trust anyone. 主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。 宾语从句的时态 3.当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时态。 The fact is that the earth rises in the east. Our question was why the earth goes round the sun. It seems that you will like this school soon. The question is where he lives. 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，表语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。 That was where we camped last time. 表语从句的语序 The fact is that we should depend on ourselves. 巩固练习 一、选择题 1. _____ he said was hard to understand. A. What B. Whatever C. That D. Which 2. ______ breaks the traffic rules will get a fine from the police. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Whoever 3. _____ is the most important in study is diligence rather than intelligence. A. Whose B. That C. What D. Whatever 4.The traditional view is___________we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. A.when B. why C. whether D. that 5.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _________ I disagree. A.why B. where C. what D. how （动画）刚进入博物院，大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶，他们不禁赞叹。 （动画）Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions. （动画）接下来，大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。 （动画）Be careful. No touching, please. （动画）现在来看，达摩渡江刺绣图。 （动画）No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。 巩固练习 二、用适当的词填空 1. I can’t decide ________ dictionary I should buy. 2. That’s ________he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in ________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. ________ we need is more time. 5. The fact ________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. ________ and ________they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me ________ you are waiting for. 8. Is that ________ you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me ________ the nearest post office is? 10. I don’t know ________ he will agree to the plan or not. which why how What that When where what whom where whether （动画）刚进入博物院，大家就看到了精美的金蝉玉叶，他们不禁赞叹。 （动画）Be quiet, teens. Raise your hand if you have any questions. （动画）接下来，大报恩寺琉璃塔拱门。 （动画）Be careful. No touching, please. （动画）现在来看，达摩渡江刺绣图。 （动画）No photos with flash, please. 因为闪关灯的光照会导致织物纤维破裂。 主语从句和表语从句 01 主语从句 02 表语从句 一起总结一下今日所学 （动画）判断句子是否为祈使句，需确认其是否： （动画）发出指令 （动画）主语省略 （动画）动词原形开头 （动画）祈使句的肯定形式有三种： （动画）do型 （动画）be型 （动画）let型 （动画）祈使句的否定形式： （动画）don’t + do型/be型/let型 （动画）no+动词ing型 （动画）以及祈使句+and/or+陈述句的用法区别： （动画）照这样做，and结果很美好 （动画）得这样做，or结果不如人意。 今天的内容就到这里。我们下次见。 $