焦点 03 阅读理解之议论文-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到（浙江）

焦点03 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 一、题型分布与命题特点 1.题量与分值​ •文本长度约250-350词，生词率控制在3%以内，注重逻辑严谨性与观点辩证性。 2.高频话题预测​ •生态保护：如“千岛湖生态修复工程”“垃圾分类政策”，需掌握术语（如“ecological balance”“zero-waste community”）。 •科技创新：如“杭州亚运会智能场馆”“AI在农业中的应用”，需理解功能描述（如“automatically adjust temperature”）。 •文化传承：如“杭州丝绸文化的现代创新”，需结合传统与现代元素（如“digital printing techniques”）。 •社会热点：如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”，需分析利弊与解决方案。 3.命题趋势变化​ •多模态文本：可能结合图表（如浙江碳排放数据）与议论文，要求分析数据并论证观点。 •本土化议题主导：聚焦浙江特色（如“宋韵文化”“千万工程”乡村振兴），需积累地域词汇。 •批判性思维强化：要求评估信息可靠性（如辨别数据是否支持结论）。 二、核心能力考查方向 1.逻辑结构分析​ •识别论证方式（总分式、层进式、驳论法），关注逻辑词（however/therefore）衔接的论点链。 •例：通过“论点A→数据B→结论C”推导作者立场。 2.观点态度推断​ •通过情感词（如“remarkably beneficial”）或反问句（如“Is it ethical to...”）判断作者态度。 •例：若文中出现“criticize its implementation”，需推断作者对政策的保留态度。 3.学术词汇与长难句​ •高频词：如“AI ethics”“sustainable development”；需拆解含定语从句的复合句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted...”）。 4.文化背景理解​ •涉及中西文化对比（如环保政策差异）或本土知识（如良渚文化），需积累相关术语。 三、高频题型解析与应对策略 1. 主旨归纳题（30%）​ •策略： •抓首尾段主题句或高频词（如“sustainability”“innovation”）。 •例：标题为“Why Zhejiang Embraces Green Energy”，主旨可能为“浙江发展绿色能源的必要性”。 2. 推理判断题（40%）​ •策略： •构建因果链（如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”）。 •例：若文中提到“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”，需推断作者对AI的双面态度。 3. 词义猜测题（15%）​ •策略： •利用上下文线索（如“sustainable development”后接“reducing waste”）推测词义。 •例：通过“cognitive development”在教育语境中的用法，推测为“认知发展”。 4. 开放态度题（15%）​ •策略： •结合论据评估合理性（如“是否支持在线教育”需权衡利弊）。 •例：若文中列举AI教育的效率与伦理问题，答案可能为“It depends on proper regulations”。 四、易错点与规避方法 1.逻辑断层​ •错误：误将论据当作论点（如混淆数据与结论）。 •规避：关注段落首句及转折词（but/however）后的核心观点。 2.过度推断​ •错误：脱离文本主观联想（如将“部分案例”结论推广为普遍规律）。 •规避：严格基于原文信息，避免添加个人观点。 3.词形混淆​ •错误：混淆形近词（如“affect/effect”）。 •规避：通过构词法（如“-tion”表名词）辨析词性。 五、备考策略与资源推荐 1.高频主题与模板积累​ •分类整理： 类型关键词范文片段示例环保carbon neutrality, zero-waste"Adopting solar energy helps achieve carbon neutrality by 2030."科技AI ethics, smart cities"While AI improves efficiency, ethical dilemmas require regulations." 2.真题模拟与策略优化​ •限时训练：每篇控制在8-10分钟，模拟考场节奏（前2分钟速读，后6分钟精析）。 •浙江真题精练：重点练习2024年“AI教育应用议论文”、2023年“垃圾分类争议”。 3.长难句与逻辑专项突破​ •主干提取：划出主谓宾，忽略修饰成分（如定语从句）。 •逻辑词标记：圈画but/however/therefore，预判上下文关系。 4.文化背景拓展​ •本土知识：千岛湖（Qiandao Lake）、良渚文化（Liangzhu Culture）。 •跨文化对比：国际环保协议（如《巴黎协定》）、科技伦理案例（如自动驾驶责任归属）。 六、2026年命题展望 •新增题型可能性：可能出现“多文本对比阅读”（如对比传统与现代生活方式）。 •本土化内容强化：结合“宋韵文化”“千岛湖生态保护”等设置题目。 •跨学科融合：可能涉及地理（如钱塘江潮汐成因）、历史（如良渚玉器制作工艺）背景的议论文。 通过针对性训练与策略优化，考生可有效应对2026年浙江中考议论文阅读理解。建议结合系统复习，重点突破逻辑链推导与主旨归纳能力，同时关注本土文化与社会热点，积累相关词汇与案例。 A Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 3．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship? A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced. B．Culture depends much on nature to progress. C．Nature and culture are different but connected. D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了自然与文化的关系。传统观点认为自然与文化是对立的，但研究表明文化是人类物种发展的一部分，生物发展与文化发展密切相关。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.”可知，本段核心围绕“教育”展开，强调教育以文化为载体，帮助人类摆脱野性、实现适应与进步，所以本段主要讲教育通过文化推动人类进步。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.”可知，作者提及打猎是为了具体说明“文化的形成是人类适应环境的一部分”，即文化随人类适应环境而发展，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations.”可知，文化也在同时代的人或不同群体的人之间传递，可推知，“transmission”意为“传播”。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种).”以及“It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.”可推知，作者认为自然与文化不同但相互关联。故选C。 B ChatGPT, a smart AI chatbot tool, has swept the education world in the past months. According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them have used ChatGPT to help with a homework task. Developed by US company Open AI, ChatGPT is a powerful tool. You can ask it to write stories and emails, create recipes, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. Some schools in the US, Australia and France have banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. In the US, for example, public schools in New York City banned students and teachers from using ChatGPT on the networks and devices. The move comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on tasks. Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread incorrect information. “It does not build critical-thinking or problem-solving skills, which are necessary for academic (学术的) and lifelong success,” said Jenna Lyle from the New York City Department of Education. Apart from bans, teachers are making changes to their classes to prevent the use of ChatGPT. Some college teachers in the US try to include more speaking exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones. However, not all educators say “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are making rules—how both students and teachers use it. They have no plans to completely ban the tool so far. Bhaskar Vira, from the University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not reasonable. “We have to know that AI is a tool people will use. What we need to do is to make our learning, teaching and examinations suitable for a new use,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university. 1．Some schools in the US banned the use of ChatGPT because ________. A．it takes the place of teachers B．it seldom provides correct information C．it takes up most of the networks D．students may use it to cheat on homework 2．Jenna Lyle thinks that ________. A．ChatGPT might offer the wrong information B．ChatGPT is so far the smartest AI chatbot tool C．using ChatGPT is not good for developing students’ minds D．ChatGPT is necessary for academic and lifelong success 3．Which opinion is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Using ChatGPT makes students lazy in thinking. B．The complete ban on using ChatGPT is not reasonable. C．ChatGPT will completely change present education. D．ChatGPT can be useful for both teachers and students. 4．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By comparing numbers. B．By asking and answering questions. C．By describing characters' relationships. D．By giving different opinions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了ChatGPT在教育领域的应用及其引发的争议，包括部分学校的禁令、教育者的担忧以及支持者的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据“The move comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on tasks.”可推知，学校禁止ChatGPT的原因是学生可能用它作弊。故选D。 2．观点态度题。根据Jenna Lyle的发言“It does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.”可推知，她认为使用ChatGPT不利于学生思维发展。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success”可知，这个工具会让学生懒得思考。根据“bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not sensible.”可知，完全禁止ChatGPT是不明智的决定。根据“We have to know that AI is a tool people will use. What we need to do is to make our learning, teaching and examinations suitable for a new use”可知，ChatGPT对老师和学生都有用。选项C“ChatGPT将彻底改变目前的教育。”文中未提及。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章通过列举不同群体的观点展开：第3—4段介绍学校的禁令及原因；第5—6段提出教育者的担忧；第7—8段展示支持者的立场（如加拿大大学和剑桥学者的观点）。因此，文章主要通过呈现不同观点推进。故选D。 C I often hear my classmates use curse words (脏话) at school, and it annoys me. Do your classmates use curse words in their daily lives? What do you think about it, and how can people be stopped from using bad language? Xu Haoxuan, 18, studying in the UK In the UK, swearing is common among my friends, especially in relaxing conversations and on social media. People use curse words to show strong feelings or make their words stronger. But parents and teachers often don’t like them because they think they’re rude. I think teaching people about the power of kind words can lead to better conversations. For example, saying “Oh sugar” works well when they are angry or surprised. Liu Chengbo, 18, Gansu At my school and on the streets, students use curse words like the f-word and s-word a lot. They don’t just use curse words when they’re angry but also to show surprise. Some people think swearing is a grown-up thing. This makes some students want to try. One way to stop this might be to make rules at school. Zhu Yuhan, 17, studying in the. Singapore As a student in Singapore, I don’t hear a lot of curse words at school because teachers watch over us. Outside of school, though, you see, it more on social media and with friends. Some people use curse words to look “cool” or show strong feelings, but I think it’s rude. Adults, like teachers and parents, should also be good role models and not use curse words in front of teens. This helps us learn the importance of using respectful language. Let’s put an end to using curse words right away and talk politely now! 1．What does the underlined word “swearing” probably mean in the text? A．Talking loudly. B．Making jokes. C．Telling some lies. D．Using curse words. 2．How does Liu Chengbo mainly develop his idea? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By making comparisons. 3．According to Zhu Yuhan, it is wrong for adults to use curse words in front of teens because ______. A．it makes a very good impression on teens B．it can teach teens wrong language habits C．it is completely against the school rules D．it makes teens learn to show strong feelings 3．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To call on students to stop using curse words. B．To provide solutions for forming bad language. C．To compare curse words in different countries. D．To show people the good effect of curse words. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】青少年问题、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章围绕学生使用脏话这一现象展开讨论，并提出了减少脏话使用的看法，最后呼吁大家停止使用脏话，礼貌交流。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“In the UK, swearing is common among my friends, especially in relaxing conversations and on social media. People use curse words to show strong feelings or make their words stronger.”可知，在英国，朋友们之间这种行为很常见，人们用脏话来表达强烈情感等，由此可推断“swearing”意思是“使用脏话”。故选D。 2．篇章结构题。根据文中“At my school and on the streets, students use curse words like the f - word and s - word a lot. They don’t just use curse words when they’re angry but also to show surprise. Some people think swearing is a grown - up thing. One way to stop this might be to make rules at school.”可知，刘承博通过列举学生使用脏话的例子，如使用f-word 和s-word，以及人们对说脏话的看法等，来阐述自己的观点，是通过举例子的方式展开论述。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Adults, like teachers and parents, should also be good role models and not use curse words in front of teens. This helps us learn the importance of using respectful language.”可知，成年人在青少年面前说脏话会让青少年学到错误的语言习惯，所以成年人不应该在青少年面前说脏话。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文中“Let’s put an end to using curse words right away and talk politely now!”以及全文内容可知，文章主要是呼吁学生停止使用脏话。故选A。 D Who is a genius (天才)? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent (聪明的) or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for entering the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged (不认可的) and refused by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: of course not. Here’s the good news. In a world with increased global communication, we’re all lucky to see flashes (瞬间) of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not decide the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good luck, who are able to change the world.” 1．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re old-fashioned. C．They’re objective (公正的). D．They’re strict. 2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 3．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination (歧视) against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ ideas. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 4．What does the writer suggest about future geniuses? A．They will mostly come from Europe. B．They will mainly depend on personal abilities and luck C．They will be decided by social factors like gender and race D．They will only appear in scientific fields. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文 【导语】本文由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的”天才”能力。 1．推理判断题。根据“It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for entering the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged (不认可的) and refused by others.”可知，历史由胜利者书写，他们设定了天才俱乐部的标准，但女性或不同肤色、信仰的贡献者被拒绝和忽视，说明作者认为这些标准带有偏见和不公。故选A。 2．推理判断题。第四段指出，女孩约6岁时因社会观念（如性别偏见）开始回避被认为属于“聪明孩子”的活动，表明她们的行为受社会观念影响。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In a world with increased global communication, we’re all lucky to see flashes (瞬间) of genius wherever they appear.”可知，在一个全球交流日益频繁的世界里，我们都很幸运地看到天才的闪光，无论他们出现在哪里。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not decide the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with ‘intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good luck, who are able to change the world.’”可知，未来天才由智力、创造力、毅力和运气决定，而非性别、种族等社会因素，故选B。 （2025·浙江·中考真题）①Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts forever. For example, the first time you rode a bike alone, a friend’s hug when you were sad, or in the evening talking with family. These moments aren’t always big, but they change how we feel about ourselves and the world. ②Special moments are like treasures. We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. A teacher might praise a shy student’s drawing, making the child feel important. A parent could bake cookies with you on a rainy day, filling the kitchen with laughter. Even strangers can create them: a barista who knows your coffee order, or a neighbor who helps carry groceries. These small acts stay in our minds because they make us feel loved. ③Businesses also use special moments. A café might play soft music and serve warm cookies on cold days to make customers feel welcome. A bookstore could hold story time for kids every weekend, turning a visit into a happy memory. An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers. ④In the end, special moments are everywhere. They don’t need money or planning—just a little care. A kind word, a smile, or a small surprise can make life richer. So take time to enjoy these moments—they make life worth living. 1．What does the passage say about special moments? A．They are always big and exciting. B．We can keep the special things in mind. C．We need to write them down to remember. D．They have nothing to do with how we feel. 2．What does the ice-cream shop probably do according to the passage? A．Sells the cheapest ice-cream. B．Closes early on weekends. C．Refuses to let kids enter. D．Creates ice-cream moments for guests. 3．Which is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use the power of the moment. B．Why people forget small moments. C．When to plan big and exciting events. D．Where to find the most expensive treasures. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文 【导语】本文探讨了生活中“特殊时刻”的意义，这些时刻往往看似微小却能在我们心中留下深刻印记。 1．细节理解题。根据“We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. ”可知，我们将那些特别的事铭记于心，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers.”可知，冰淇淋店让顾客装饰冰淇淋筒，创造快乐记忆，故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入主题；第二段和第三段从个人和企业角度阐述特殊时刻；最后一段总结概括，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“特殊瞬间”展开，强调它们带给人的温暖和美好，并说明哪些场合和方式会产生这样的瞬间，核心主旨即在于如何看待并善用这种“瞬间的力量”。故选A。 A （2025·浙江绍兴·三模） “Mom, I want a cat, ” or “Mom, I want a dog,” or “Mom, I want a...,” are common words that parents may hear from their children more than once. However, there are many arguments for and against children owning pets. The first argument that supports pet ownership by children is that they are good company. When children come home from school, pets are always there to greet them. They love children and always love to play. As a result, children won’t be lonely. They will also help to keep children active as they will need to be walked and played with every day. ▲ Pets need to be taken care of every day. Children will learn different skills that they can use later in life. For example, washing and feeding pets are important skills to learn. Learning these responsibilities will be good for their future life. Caring for pets also shows them how to be kind and patient. On the other hand, some pets can be dangerous. Some dogs, for example, may hurt others, and children may become afraid of animals as a result of this happening to them. Cats also look very soft, but they do have very sharp claws. If they are treated in the wrong way, cats can use their claws to scratch. Besides, pets require a great deal of care. Many pets need showers, exercise and so on. As a result of this, children may neglect their studies because they are too busy worrying about their pet and its health. A further argument against pet ownership is that pets are costly; buying food and caring them is expensive. Finally, the cost of owning one falls on parents, and as a result, children don’t fully understand the responsibility of having one. In short, there are many arguments for and against pet ownership. Pets help to keep children company, fit, and they also help them to learn new responsibilities. However, pets can be dangerous, they require a lot of care, and they cost a lot of money to be taken care of properly. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put into ▲ in paragraph 3? A．Second, pets can make children more active. B．So, children will have more friends at school. C．All in all, pets bring children much happiness. D．Also, looking after pets helps children learn responsibilities. 2．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．put an effort in B．pay little attention to C．have no influence on D．show great interest in 3．Which of the followings are the reasons against children owning pets according to the passage? ① Children may get sick easily. ② Some pets may hurt the children. ③ Keeping a pet costs a lot of money. ④ Owning pets may influence kids’ schoolwork. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Joy of Owning Pets B．How to Take Care of Pets C．Kids and Pets: Good or Bad? D．Good Sides of Kids Owning Pets 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、意见/建议、宠物 【导语】本文分别介绍了支持和反对孩子养宠物的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据“The first argument that supports pet ownership by children is that they are good company.”和“Learning these responsibilities will be good for their future life. Caring for pets also shows them how to be kind and patient.”可知，此处说的是养宠物的第二个好处，能养成孩子的责任感，D项“其次，养宠物可以鼓励孩子学习新的责任。”符合语境。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Besides, pets require a great deal of care. Many pets need showers, exercise and so on. As a result of this, children may neglect their studies because they are too busy worrying about their pet and its health.”可知，此处说的是养宠物会影响学习成绩，因为孩子会过于关注宠物，因此忽视学习，由此可猜测neglect意为“忽视”与pay little attention to“不太关注”词义相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“As a result of this, children may neglect their studies；buying food and caring them is expensive.；However, pets can be dangerous,”可知，有些宠物可能会伤害孩子。养宠物要花很多钱。养宠物可能会影响孩子的学业。②③④符合。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“However, there are many arguments for and against children owning pets.”可知，本文主要对是否支持孩子养宠物进行了讨论，并给出了正方和反方的主要观点。故选C。 B （2025·浙江绍兴·二模） Imagine picking up a new book that you’re excited to read, sitting in your favorite corner, and turning to the last chapter (章节). While most readers open to page one, there are many people who jump right into the juiciest part of the book—the end, before going back to the beginning and starting from there. Because that changes the normal experience of reading the book, some people say readers should always begin with the first chapter. Others think starting at the end is perfectly acceptable and may even be the best way to read a book. What do you think? Is it OK to read the last chapter first? There are many different ways to enjoy a book, and none of them are wrong. Starting with the last pages makes some readers even more curious about the story and helps them decide whether the book is worth reading. Other people don’t like to worry about what happens to the characters. Reading ahead helps them relax and appreciate the writing similar to when people reread a book and get more out of it the second time. Some people also enjoy the excitement of guessing exactly how the story will reach an ending they already know. However, some people think books are meant to be read in the order in which they’re written. Part of the enjoyment of reading a good book is following the action from start to finish, discovering new information about the story and characters bit by bit, and being surprised by the story. Reading the last chapter first is disrespectful to the writer who put in a lot of effort. And if you know the ending, you have to avoid making other people who are reading it feel terrible. That means it’s safer not to discuss it with them, though talking about a book can be a big part of the fun of reading it. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By comparing facts. B．By describing a scene. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Question. B．Collect. C．Admire. D．Translate. 3．Which is a reason for reading the last chapter first according to Paragraph 2? A．To reread the book more easily. B．To keep curious about the ending of the book. C．To know which is the most interesting chapter. D．To decide if it’s necessary to read the whole book. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Reading is a process of discovering a book. B．Reading from the end shows respect to the writer. C．Talking about a book makes reading less interesting. D．Discussing the ending while reading is always acceptable. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】阅读、议论文 【导语】本文围绕“是否应该先读最后一章”展开讨论，呈现了两种对立观点。 1．推理判断题。根据“Imagine picking up a new book… sitting in your favorite corner, and turning to the last chapter (章节)”可知，作者通过描述一个具体的阅读场景引入话题。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Reading ahead helps them relax”和“Some people also enjoy the excitement of guessing exactly how the story will reach an ending they already know.”可知，提前阅读有助于他们放松，有些人还喜欢猜测故事将如何达到他们已经知道的结局。由此推测“appreciate”意为“欣赏”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Starting with the last pages makes some readers even more curious about the story and helps them decide whether the book is worth reading. ”可知，先读结尾可帮助判断是否值得读全书。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Part of the enjoyment of reading a good book is following the action from start to finish”可知，阅读是逐步发现故事的过程。故选A。 C （2025·浙江金华·二模） ①It used to be common to think of robots as just machines designed to do dirty, boring and dangerous work. In recent years, companies has begun to design robots as toys for children. These have become so popular that experts and parents are worried about the effects of friendships between robots and children. ②In 1940, lsaac Asimov wrote a story called Robbie. In the story, a girl made friends with a robot and her mother was worried about their friendship. At the end of the story, the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her opinions on the robot. In real life, there are also different opinions about humans “hanging out” with robots. ③Experts are worried because children might believe that robots are human beings, not machines. It may seem strange that we can feel a connection with a machine, but just think of the friendly robots in science fiction, from WALL-E to R2-D2. Could close relationships with a robot confuse (迷惑) children? ④Some people think it’s possible. In the past, children would play with lifeless toys. But today’s robots are designed to express feelings in a human way, and some are able to interact (互动) with children. When children say they don’t want to play, the robots will show their disappointment. Also, they are designed to show sadness if they lose in games. ⑤In fact, there’s a real danger that humans forget that robots are not human beings. In an experiment, researchers from different universities in Germany invited 89 people to interact with a robot and then turn it off. However, when they finished the interaction, the robot asked half of the people not to turn it off. These people hesitated (犹豫) before they did so and 13 of them actually refused to turn it off! ⑥Sometimes robots may make good companions for us. But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet. 1．Why did the mother change her opinions about Robbie? A．Because Robbie wrote a story. B．Because Robbie played with her. C．Because Robbie expressed feelings. D．Because Robbie saved her child. 2．What does the writer think of the robots in WALL-E and R2-D2? A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Friendly. D．Humorous. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The children. B．The robots. C．The companies. D．The researchers. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us not to treat robots as human beings. B．To warn us not to let robots do dangerous work. C．To ask us to read science fiction about robots. D．To advise us to create friendships with robots. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文主要讲述了机器人是否是我们的朋友的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her opinions on the robot.”可知，因为机器人救了孩子，所以妈妈改变了对机器人的看法。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“think of the friendly robots in science fiction, from WALL-E to R2-D2.”可知，作者认为WALL-E和R2-D2是友好的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Also, they are designed to show sadness if they lose in games.”可知，他们被设计来表达悲伤，当他们游戏失败时。故they指代机器人。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet.”可知，作者写文章的目的是告知我们机器人没有生命，没有感情，不要把机器人当作人来对待。故选A。 D （2025·浙江宁波·一模） ①Birthdays can sometimes be expensive. People often spend money not just on gifts, but also on food and drinks. So many people have started giving second-hand gifts. But is it a good choice? Let’s look at both sides. ②One reason people choose second-hand gifts is for the environment. Many of us have old toys, books or games that we no longer use. If we throw them away, they end up in landfills (垃圾堆). In these landfills, things can take years to break down and harmful gases are produced. Giving away old things instead of throwing them away can reduce waste and protect the environment. Second-hand gifts are also often cheaper than new ones. What’s more, reusing things reduces the need to produce more products, which also reduces pollution. ③________ When you give a new gift, you know it’s in perfect condition, and it feels special because it’s new. People also like receiving something that shows you’ve thought about them, and sometimes, a second-hand gift might not feel as thoughtful. You may worry that the gift will wear out soon, which can make you feel uncertain about giving it. People may also feel excited when they receive gifts they have wanted for a long time. Of course, it’s fine to want the latest toys or books for a birthday gift. After all, it’s their special day. ④In the end, whether you give a second-hand or new gift depends on the situation. Both can show you care, but it’s important to consider what the birthday person would like the most. What matters most is the thought behind the gift, no matter if it’s new or old. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Old things. B．New gifts. C．Broken products. D．Harmful gases. 2．Which sentence best fits the blank ________ in Paragraph3? A．Still, some people like second-hand gifts. B．However, second-hand gifts are always perfect. C．On the other hand, new gifts have advantages. D．Also, new gifts are the only choice for special days. 3．What does the writer care most about giving gifts? A．The thought behind the gift. B．The price of the gift. C．The popularity of the gift. D．The style of the gift. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在生日时赠送二手礼物的利弊。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Giving away old things instead of throwing them away can reduce waste and protect the environment.”可知，捐赠旧物品而不是扔掉它们可以减少浪费和保护环境。them指代“old things”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“When you give a new gift, you know it’s in perfect condition, and it feels special because it’s new.”可知，本段是介绍新礼物的优势，选项C“另一方面，新的礼物有优势。”符合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“What matters most is the thought behind the gift, no matter if it’s new or old.”可知，作者最关心的是礼物背后的心意。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段引出主题，提出是否应该送二手礼物这一问题；第二、三段分别介绍了送二手礼物和新礼物的优势；第四段进行总结，表达了作者自己的看法。C选项符合文章结构。故选C。 E （2025·浙江绍兴·模拟预测） Several schools are trying to stop students using slang (俚语；非标准英语). But is it worth? The Harris Academy in Upper Norwood (London) is one school that’s taking action. Students there aren’t allowed to use words such as coz (because), ain’t (isn’t/aren’t, etc.) and yeah (yes) when they’re speaking. A letter has been sent to parents explaining the decision, according to an article in the Daily Mail. But why? “The big problem is that many of these words are appearing in written work,” explained Mr. Hank, an English teacher. “This puts many children at a disadvantage… We do want them to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood. We are going to teach them the rules. If they decide not to use these rules with friends, that is fine. But I want them to know that when they are filling in written forms and speaking in a formal situation they should use Standard English.” So, what’s causing the problem? Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV soaps, reality shows, songs, films...Secondly, with more and more people using it in conversations with friends and workmates, it’s becoming more acceptable. The increase in the use of mobile phones and social networking sites is also having an influence. While texting, people often use abbreviations or phonetic forms of words, such as wot (what), dat (that), dis (this), n (and), w (with), gonna (going to) and wanna (want to). However, many see any efforts to control language as completely pointless. “The very nature of English is its flexibility (灵活性),” said a Jamaican poet in a recent interview. “You can’t control the type of language that people use,” he added. “The reason why English is such a popular language is because it develops well to fit the way it is being used,” a language expert explained. Is the “war” on slang worth fighting? 1．How does the writer show that slang is not allowed in some schools? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a folk story. D．By using an old saying. 2．What may happen if students use slang in written work according to Mr. Hank? A．They may not be understood. B．They will lose close friends. C．They may be laughed at by others. D．They will learn Standard English better. 3．How many reasons for people’s using slang are mentioned in Para. 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What can we infer from the Jamaican poet’s words in Para. 5? A．Any language has its own rules. B．English is the most popular language. C．It’s acceptable for people to use slang. D．Efforts to control slang are really meaningful. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】语言与文化、青少年问题、教育、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕“学校是否应禁止学生使用俚语”展开讨论。支持禁止方认为俚语影响书面表达和正式场合的沟通能力； 反对禁止方强调英语的灵活性，认为俚语是语言自然发展的产物。文章通过正反观点对比，引发读者对语言规范与自由发展的思考。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Harris Academy in Upper Norwood (London) is one school that’s taking action...A letter has been sent to parents...”可知，作者通过具体案例（伦敦某校禁止俚语并通知家长）说明这一现象，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This puts many children at a disadvantage...We do want them to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood.”可知，使用俚语可能导致交流障碍，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV soaps, reality shows, songs, films...Secondly, with more and more people...The increase in the use of mobile phones and social networking sites is also having an influence.”可知，第四段提到了人们使用俚语的三个原因，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据诗人观点“The very nature of English is its flexibility...You can’t control the type of language that people use”可推断，他认为俚语的使用是语言灵活性的体现，无需强行控制，故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点03 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 一、题型分布与命题特点 1.题量与分值​ •文本长度约250-350词，生词率控制在3%以内，注重逻辑严谨性与观点辩证性。 2.高频话题预测​ •生态保护：如“千岛湖生态修复工程”“垃圾分类政策”，需掌握术语（如“ecological balance”“zero-waste community”）。 •科技创新：如“杭州亚运会智能场馆”“AI在农业中的应用”，需理解功能描述（如“automatically adjust temperature”）。 •文化传承：如“杭州丝绸文化的现代创新”，需结合传统与现代元素（如“digital printing techniques”）。 •社会热点：如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”，需分析利弊与解决方案。 3.命题趋势变化​ •多模态文本：可能结合图表（如浙江碳排放数据）与议论文，要求分析数据并论证观点。 •本土化议题主导：聚焦浙江特色（如“宋韵文化”“千万工程”乡村振兴），需积累地域词汇。 •批判性思维强化：要求评估信息可靠性（如辨别数据是否支持结论）。 二、核心能力考查方向 1.逻辑结构分析​ •识别论证方式（总分式、层进式、驳论法），关注逻辑词（however/therefore）衔接的论点链。 •例：通过“论点A→数据B→结论C”推导作者立场。 2.观点态度推断​ •通过情感词（如“remarkably beneficial”）或反问句（如“Is it ethical to...”）判断作者态度。 •例：若文中出现“criticize its implementation”，需推断作者对政策的保留态度。 3.学术词汇与长难句​ •高频词：如“AI ethics”“sustainable development”；需拆解含定语从句的复合句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted...”）。 4.文化背景理解​ •涉及中西文化对比（如环保政策差异）或本土知识（如良渚文化），需积累相关术语。 三、高频题型解析与应对策略 1. 主旨归纳题（30%）​ •策略： •抓首尾段主题句或高频词（如“sustainability”“innovation”）。 •例：标题为“Why Zhejiang Embraces Green Energy”，主旨可能为“浙江发展绿色能源的必要性”。 2. 推理判断题（40%）​ •策略： •构建因果链（如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”）。 •例：若文中提到“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”，需推断作者对AI的双面态度。 3. 词义猜测题（15%）​ •策略： •利用上下文线索（如“sustainable development”后接“reducing waste”）推测词义。 •例：通过“cognitive development”在教育语境中的用法，推测为“认知发展”。 4. 开放态度题（15%）​ •策略： •结合论据评估合理性（如“是否支持在线教育”需权衡利弊）。 •例：若文中列举AI教育的效率与伦理问题，答案可能为“It depends on proper regulations”。 四、易错点与规避方法 1.逻辑断层​ •错误：误将论据当作论点（如混淆数据与结论）。 •规避：关注段落首句及转折词（but/however）后的核心观点。 2.过度推断​ •错误：脱离文本主观联想（如将“部分案例”结论推广为普遍规律）。 •规避：严格基于原文信息，避免添加个人观点。 3.词形混淆​ •错误：混淆形近词（如“affect/effect”）。 •规避：通过构词法（如“-tion”表名词）辨析词性。 五、备考策略与资源推荐 1.高频主题与模板积累​ •分类整理： 类型关键词范文片段示例环保carbon neutrality, zero-waste"Adopting solar energy helps achieve carbon neutrality by 2030."科技AI ethics, smart cities"While AI improves efficiency, ethical dilemmas require regulations." 2.真题模拟与策略优化​ •限时训练：每篇控制在8-10分钟，模拟考场节奏（前2分钟速读，后6分钟精析）。 •浙江真题精练：重点练习2024年“AI教育应用议论文”、2023年“垃圾分类争议”。 3.长难句与逻辑专项突破​ •主干提取：划出主谓宾，忽略修饰成分（如定语从句）。 •逻辑词标记：圈画but/however/therefore，预判上下文关系。 4.文化背景拓展​ •本土知识：千岛湖（Qiandao Lake）、良渚文化（Liangzhu Culture）。 •跨文化对比：国际环保协议（如《巴黎协定》）、科技伦理案例（如自动驾驶责任归属）。 六、2026年命题展望 •新增题型可能性：可能出现“多文本对比阅读”（如对比传统与现代生活方式）。 •本土化内容强化：结合“宋韵文化”“千岛湖生态保护”等设置题目。 •跨学科融合：可能涉及地理（如钱塘江潮汐成因）、历史（如良渚玉器制作工艺）背景的议论文。 通过针对性训练与策略优化，考生可有效应对2026年浙江中考议论文阅读理解。建议结合系统复习，重点突破逻辑链推导与主旨归纳能力，同时关注本土文化与社会热点，积累相关词汇与案例。 A Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 3．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship? A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced. B．Culture depends much on nature to progress. C．Nature and culture are different but connected. D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. B ChatGPT, a smart AI chatbot tool, has swept the education world in the past months. According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them have used ChatGPT to help with a homework task. Developed by US company Open AI, ChatGPT is a powerful tool. You can ask it to write stories and emails, create recipes, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. Some schools in the US, Australia and France have banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. In the US, for example, public schools in New York City banned students and teachers from using ChatGPT on the networks and devices. The move comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on tasks. Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread incorrect information. “It does not build critical-thinking or problem-solving skills, which are necessary for academic (学术的) and lifelong success,” said Jenna Lyle from the New York City Department of Education. Apart from bans, teachers are making changes to their classes to prevent the use of ChatGPT. Some college teachers in the US try to include more speaking exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones. However, not all educators say “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are making rules—how both students and teachers use it. They have no plans to completely ban the tool so far. Bhaskar Vira, from the University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not reasonable. “We have to know that AI is a tool people will use. What we need to do is to make our learning, teaching and examinations suitable for a new use,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university. 1．Some schools in the US banned the use of ChatGPT because ________. A．it takes the place of teachers B．it seldom provides correct information C．it takes up most of the networks D．students may use it to cheat on homework 2．Jenna Lyle thinks that ________. A．ChatGPT might offer the wrong information B．ChatGPT is so far the smartest AI chatbot tool C．using ChatGPT is not good for developing students’ minds D．ChatGPT is necessary for academic and lifelong success 3．Which opinion is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Using ChatGPT makes students lazy in thinking. B．The complete ban on using ChatGPT is not reasonable. C．ChatGPT will completely change present education. D．ChatGPT can be useful for both teachers and students. 4．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By comparing numbers. B．By asking and answering questions. C．By describing characters' relationships. D．By giving different opinions. C I often hear my classmates use curse words (脏话) at school, and it annoys me. Do your classmates use curse words in their daily lives? What do you think about it, and how can people be stopped from using bad language? Xu Haoxuan, 18, studying in the UK In the UK, swearing is common among my friends, especially in relaxing conversations and on social media. People use curse words to show strong feelings or make their words stronger. But parents and teachers often don’t like them because they think they’re rude. I think teaching people about the power of kind words can lead to better conversations. For example, saying “Oh sugar” works well when they are angry or surprised. Liu Chengbo, 18, Gansu At my school and on the streets, students use curse words like the f-word and s-word a lot. They don’t just use curse words when they’re angry but also to show surprise. Some people think swearing is a grown-up thing. This makes some students want to try. One way to stop this might be to make rules at school. Zhu Yuhan, 17, studying in the. Singapore As a student in Singapore, I don’t hear a lot of curse words at school because teachers watch over us. Outside of school, though, you see, it more on social media and with friends. Some people use curse words to look “cool” or show strong feelings, but I think it’s rude. Adults, like teachers and parents, should also be good role models and not use curse words in front of teens. This helps us learn the importance of using respectful language. Let’s put an end to using curse words right away and talk politely now! 1．What does the underlined word “swearing” probably mean in the text? A．Talking loudly. B．Making jokes. C．Telling some lies. D．Using curse words. 2．How does Liu Chengbo mainly develop his idea? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By making comparisons. 3．According to Zhu Yuhan, it is wrong for adults to use curse words in front of teens because ______. A．it makes a very good impression on teens B．it can teach teens wrong language habits C．it is completely against the school rules D．it makes teens learn to show strong feelings 3．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To call on students to stop using curse words. B．To provide solutions for forming bad language. C．To compare curse words in different countries. D．To show people the good effect of curse words. D Who is a genius (天才)? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent (聪明的) or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for entering the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged (不认可的) and refused by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: of course not. Here’s the good news. In a world with increased global communication, we’re all lucky to see flashes (瞬间) of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not decide the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good luck, who are able to change the world.” 1．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re old-fashioned. C．They’re objective (公正的). D．They’re strict. 2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 3．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination (歧视) against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ ideas. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 4．What does the writer suggest about future geniuses? A．They will mostly come from Europe. B．They will mainly depend on personal abilities and luck C．They will be decided by social factors like gender and race D．They will only appear in scientific fields. （2025·浙江·中考真题）①Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts forever. For example, the first time you rode a bike alone, a friend’s hug when you were sad, or in the evening talking with family. These moments aren’t always big, but they change how we feel about ourselves and the world. ②Special moments are like treasures. We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. A teacher might praise a shy student’s drawing, making the child feel important. A parent could bake cookies with you on a rainy day, filling the kitchen with laughter. Even strangers can create them: a barista who knows your coffee order, or a neighbor who helps carry groceries. These small acts stay in our minds because they make us feel loved. ③Businesses also use special moments. A café might play soft music and serve warm cookies on cold days to make customers feel welcome. A bookstore could hold story time for kids every weekend, turning a visit into a happy memory. An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers. ④In the end, special moments are everywhere. They don’t need money or planning—just a little care. A kind word, a smile, or a small surprise can make life richer. So take time to enjoy these moments—they make life worth living. 1．What does the passage say about special moments? A．They are always big and exciting. B．We can keep the special things in mind. C．We need to write them down to remember. D．They have nothing to do with how we feel. 2．What does the ice-cream shop probably do according to the passage? A．Sells the cheapest ice-cream. B．Closes early on weekends. C．Refuses to let kids enter. D．Creates ice-cream moments for guests. 3．Which is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use the power of the moment. B．Why people forget small moments. C．When to plan big and exciting events. D．Where to find the most expensive treasures. A （2025·浙江绍兴·三模） “Mom, I want a cat, ” or “Mom, I want a dog,” or “Mom, I want a...,” are common words that parents may hear from their children more than once. However, there are many arguments for and against children owning pets. The first argument that supports pet ownership by children is that they are good company. When children come home from school, pets are always there to greet them. They love children and always love to play. As a result, children won’t be lonely. They will also help to keep children active as they will need to be walked and played with every day. ▲ Pets need to be taken care of every day. Children will learn different skills that they can use later in life. For example, washing and feeding pets are important skills to learn. Learning these responsibilities will be good for their future life. Caring for pets also shows them how to be kind and patient. On the other hand, some pets can be dangerous. Some dogs, for example, may hurt others, and children may become afraid of animals as a result of this happening to them. Cats also look very soft, but they do have very sharp claws. If they are treated in the wrong way, cats can use their claws to scratch. Besides, pets require a great deal of care. Many pets need showers, exercise and so on. As a result of this, children may neglect their studies because they are too busy worrying about their pet and its health. A further argument against pet ownership is that pets are costly; buying food and caring them is expensive. Finally, the cost of owning one falls on parents, and as a result, children don’t fully understand the responsibility of having one. In short, there are many arguments for and against pet ownership. Pets help to keep children company, fit, and they also help them to learn new responsibilities. However, pets can be dangerous, they require a lot of care, and they cost a lot of money to be taken care of properly. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put into ▲ in paragraph 3? A．Second, pets can make children more active. B．So, children will have more friends at school. C．All in all, pets bring children much happiness. D．Also, looking after pets helps children learn responsibilities. 2．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．put an effort in B．pay little attention to C．have no influence on D．show great interest in 3．Which of the followings are the reasons against children owning pets according to the passage? ① Children may get sick easily. ② Some pets may hurt the children. ③ Keeping a pet costs a lot of money. ④ Owning pets may influence kids’ schoolwork. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Joy of Owning Pets B．How to Take Care of Pets C．Kids and Pets: Good or Bad? D．Good Sides of Kids Owning Pets B （2025·浙江绍兴·二模） Imagine picking up a new book that you’re excited to read, sitting in your favorite corner, and turning to the last chapter (章节). While most readers open to page one, there are many people who jump right into the juiciest part of the book—the end, before going back to the beginning and starting from there. Because that changes the normal experience of reading the book, some people say readers should always begin with the first chapter. Others think starting at the end is perfectly acceptable and may even be the best way to read a book. What do you think? Is it OK to read the last chapter first? There are many different ways to enjoy a book, and none of them are wrong. Starting with the last pages makes some readers even more curious about the story and helps them decide whether the book is worth reading. Other people don’t like to worry about what happens to the characters. Reading ahead helps them relax and appreciate the writing similar to when people reread a book and get more out of it the second time. Some people also enjoy the excitement of guessing exactly how the story will reach an ending they already know. However, some people think books are meant to be read in the order in which they’re written. Part of the enjoyment of reading a good book is following the action from start to finish, discovering new information about the story and characters bit by bit, and being surprised by the story. Reading the last chapter first is disrespectful to the writer who put in a lot of effort. And if you know the ending, you have to avoid making other people who are reading it feel terrible. That means it’s safer not to discuss it with them, though talking about a book can be a big part of the fun of reading it. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By comparing facts. B．By describing a scene. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Question. B．Collect. C．Admire. D．Translate. 3．Which is a reason for reading the last chapter first according to Paragraph 2? A．To reread the book more easily. B．To keep curious about the ending of the book. C．To know which is the most interesting chapter. D．To decide if it’s necessary to read the whole book. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Reading is a process of discovering a book. B．Reading from the end shows respect to the writer. C．Talking about a book makes reading less interesting. D．Discussing the ending while reading is always acceptable. C （2025·浙江金华·二模） ①It used to be common to think of robots as just machines designed to do dirty, boring and dangerous work. In recent years, companies has begun to design robots as toys for children. These have become so popular that experts and parents are worried about the effects of friendships between robots and children. ②In 1940, lsaac Asimov wrote a story called Robbie. In the story, a girl made friends with a robot and her mother was worried about their friendship. At the end of the story, the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her opinions on the robot. In real life, there are also different opinions about humans “hanging out” with robots. ③Experts are worried because children might believe that robots are human beings, not machines. It may seem strange that we can feel a connection with a machine, but just think of the friendly robots in science fiction, from WALL-E to R2-D2. Could close relationships with a robot confuse (迷惑) children? ④Some people think it’s possible. In the past, children would play with lifeless toys. But today’s robots are designed to express feelings in a human way, and some are able to interact (互动) with children. When children say they don’t want to play, the robots will show their disappointment. Also, they are designed to show sadness if they lose in games. ⑤In fact, there’s a real danger that humans forget that robots are not human beings. In an experiment, researchers from different universities in Germany invited 89 people to interact with a robot and then turn it off. However, when they finished the interaction, the robot asked half of the people not to turn it off. These people hesitated (犹豫) before they did so and 13 of them actually refused to turn it off! ⑥Sometimes robots may make good companions for us. But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet. 1．Why did the mother change her opinions about Robbie? A．Because Robbie wrote a story. B．Because Robbie played with her. C．Because Robbie expressed feelings. D．Because Robbie saved her child. 2．What does the writer think of the robots in WALL-E and R2-D2? A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Friendly. D．Humorous. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The children. B．The robots. C．The companies. D．The researchers. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us not to treat robots as human beings. B．To warn us not to let robots do dangerous work. C．To ask us to read science fiction about robots. D．To advise us to create friendships with robots. D （2025·浙江宁波·一模） ①Birthdays can sometimes be expensive. People often spend money not just on gifts, but also on food and drinks. So many people have started giving second-hand gifts. But is it a good choice? Let’s look at both sides. ②One reason people choose second-hand gifts is for the environment. Many of us have old toys, books or games that we no longer use. If we throw them away, they end up in landfills (垃圾堆). In these landfills, things can take years to break down and harmful gases are produced. Giving away old things instead of throwing them away can reduce waste and protect the environment. Second-hand gifts are also often cheaper than new ones. What’s more, reusing things reduces the need to produce more products, which also reduces pollution. ③________ When you give a new gift, you know it’s in perfect condition, and it feels special because it’s new. People also like receiving something that shows you’ve thought about them, and sometimes, a second-hand gift might not feel as thoughtful. You may worry that the gift will wear out soon, which can make you feel uncertain about giving it. People may also feel excited when they receive gifts they have wanted for a long time. Of course, it’s fine to want the latest toys or books for a birthday gift. After all, it’s their special day. ④In the end, whether you give a second-hand or new gift depends on the situation. Both can show you care, but it’s important to consider what the birthday person would like the most. What matters most is the thought behind the gift, no matter if it’s new or old. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Old things. B．New gifts. C．Broken products. D．Harmful gases. 2．Which sentence best fits the blank ________ in Paragraph3? A．Still, some people like second-hand gifts. B．However, second-hand gifts are always perfect. C．On the other hand, new gifts have advantages. D．Also, new gifts are the only choice for special days. 3．What does the writer care most about giving gifts? A．The thought behind the gift. B．The price of the gift. C．The popularity of the gift. D．The style of the gift. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． E （2025·浙江绍兴·模拟预测） Several schools are trying to stop students using slang (俚语；非标准英语). But is it worth? The Harris Academy in Upper Norwood (London) is one school that’s taking action. Students there aren’t allowed to use words such as coz (because), ain’t (isn’t/aren’t, etc.) and yeah (yes) when they’re speaking. A letter has been sent to parents explaining the decision, according to an article in the Daily Mail. But why? “The big problem is that many of these words are appearing in written work,” explained Mr. Hank, an English teacher. “This puts many children at a disadvantage… We do want them to be able to communicate properly with people and be understood. We are going to teach them the rules. If they decide not to use these rules with friends, that is fine. But I want them to know that when they are filling in written forms and speaking in a formal situation they should use Standard English.” So, what’s causing the problem? Firstly, slang is just about everywhere these days: in TV soaps, reality shows, songs, films...Secondly, with more and more people using it in conversations with friends and workmates, it’s becoming more acceptable. The increase in the use of mobile phones and social networking sites is also having an influence. While texting, people often use abbreviations or phonetic forms of words, such as wot (what), dat (that), dis (this), n (and), w (with), gonna (going to) and wanna (want to). However, many see any efforts to control language as completely pointless. “The very nature of English is its flexibility (灵活性),” said a Jamaican poet in a recent interview. “You can’t control the type of language that people use,” he added. “The reason why English is such a popular language is because it develops well to fit the way it is being used,” a language expert explained. Is the “war” on slang worth fighting? 1．How does the writer show that slang is not allowed in some schools? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a folk story. D．By using an old saying. 2．What may happen if students use slang in written work according to Mr. Hank? A．They may not be understood. B．They will lose close friends. C．They may be laughed at by others. D．They will learn Standard English better. 3．How many reasons for people’s using slang are mentioned in Para. 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What can we infer from the Jamaican poet’s words in Para. 5? A．Any language has its own rules. B．English is the most popular language. C．It’s acceptable for people to use slang. D．Efforts to control slang are really meaningful. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $