【中职专用】非谓语动词课件-语法专项突破

职教高考 语法专项 （三） 非谓语动词 学习 导航 什么是非谓语动词 非谓语动词有哪些 非谓语动词的用法 不定式的用法 动名词的用法 分词的用法 1.He an actor. 2. a foreign language is useless. 4.The man at the back . far from the school, I early every morning. 6.The boy Tom . 不定式---作宾语 不定式---作主语 动名词---作主语 现在分词---作定语 现在分词---作原因状语 过去分词---作定语 wanted to become 谓语 To learn is not easy. 系动词+表语=谓语 Saying so much 系动词+表语=谓语 sitting is Mr Smith 系动词+表语=谓语 5.Living have to get up 谓语 called is a classmate of mine 系动词+表语=谓语 动词不定式 动名词 分词（现在分词、过去分词） 不作谓语的 动词形式 Lead in 请找出以下句子中的动词，并说出是什么成分 3. 指不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但仍保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。 动词不定式 (to do) 动名词 (doing) 分词 非谓语动词的概念 什么是非谓语动词 非谓语动词的形式 现在分词 (doing) 过去分词 (done) 概念 4 基本形式：to + do (动词原形) 否定形式：not to do 语态形式 时态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing 1.不定式的用法 不定式表示动作，有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态形式。 语态形式有主动语态和被动语态形式。 语法结构 （1）不定式的一般式：表示的动作通常时间性不强，与谓语动 词表示的动作没有时间先后顺序。 I am expecting to hear from you. （2）不定式的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示 的动作之前，强调动作的先后顺序。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. She said to have studied abroad last year. 1.不定式的用法 一般式的用法 完成式的用法 (3) 不定式的进行式：表示的动作发生与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。 I happened to be watching TV when she called. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. (4) 不定式的被动形式：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般要用其被动形式。不定时的被动形式只有一般式和完成式。 She asked to be treated equally. The telephone is considered to have been invented. 1.不定式的用法 进行式的用法 被动式的用法 常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有： afford 承担得起 agree 赞成 ask 要求 choose 选择 decide决定 desire 渴望 expect 预计 hope 盼望 intend 打算 plan 打算 manage 设法做成 offer 愿意 pretend 假装 promise 许诺 refuse 拒绝 determine 决定 want 想 prepare 准备 Our teacher promised to see the movie with us. Tom found it difficult to find a job. 需要 记住哟 1.不定式的用法 以下动词后用不定式作宾补：V.+ sb. + to do teach, tell, invite, force, allow, persuade, advise, get The villagers did not allow them to do this. I persuaded him not to smoke. I’ll get someone to repair the recorder for you. 需要记住哟 1.不定式的用法 1.不定式的用法 以下动词后用不带to的不定式：V.+ do 例如：make sb. do make使得 let让 have使得 hear听见 watch观看 see看见 notice注意到 feel感觉到 需要记住哟 Did you see the girls play in the park yesterday? Someone was heard to come up the stairs. He heard someone come up the stairs. 以上谓语动词用作被动语态时，后接带to的不定式 1.不定式的用法 ֎不定式的逻辑主语 1. 逻辑主语是句子中的某个代词或名词 I will have a lot of work to do this Sunday. （to do 的逻辑主语是I, 句子的主语） I’d prefer you to keep the news secret. （to keep 的逻辑主语是you,句子的宾语） 每个不定式都有其逻辑主语， 它可能是句子的主语/宾语， 也有可能由for或of引出。 1.不定式的用法 2.由for引出不定式的逻辑主语 It is + adj. for sb.+ to do It is important for us to express our opinions. It is impossible_______ us to learn English well without hard working. for For sb.句型通常用表示客观情况的形容词 ֎不定式的逻辑主语 easy容易的, difficult困难的, impossible不可能的 hard艰难的, important重要的, possible可能的, necessary必要的, interesting有趣的 Remember! 1.不定式的用法 ֎不定式的逻辑主语 3.由of引出不定式逻辑主语 Of sb.句型通常用表示主观情感的形容词 good好的, kind有好的, nice好的, wise智慧的, clever聪明的, foolish傻的, right正确的, wrong错误的, careful认真的, polite礼貌的 It is + adj. of sb.+ to do of It is clever of him to leave that country. It is impolite _____ him to say so. 表示主观情感-“聪明的” 表示主观情感-“不礼貌的” Remember! 13 1. To live in China is Mr Smith’s dream. 2. How I wish to have another day off. 3. My goal is to be a scientist. 4. I warned you not to walk home alone. 5. I will have all my friends come over this weekend. 试一试 不定式-课堂迷你练习 不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语和状语等。 请指出以下句中的不定式在句中作什么成分 一般式--主语 一般式--宾语 一般式--表语 一般式否定式--宾语补足语 不带to的不定式--宾语补足语 6. He was the first guest to arrive. 7. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. 8. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. 9. The boy pretended to have known the answer. 10. Mary seems to be thinking deeply. 不定式-课堂迷你练习 请指出以下句中的不定式在句中作什么成分 试一试 一般式--定语 进行式—表语 完成式—宾语 被动式—结果状语 一般式—目的状语 加油 It is very stupid _______________________ that. A. of you to say B. for you to say C. of you saying D. for you saying 2. It is really important ________________ early and do a lot of exercise. A. of us to get up B. for us to get up C. for our getting up D. of our getting up 3. There’s no reason ______________________ his work. A. for us doubt B. of us doubt C. for us to doubt D. of us doubt 4. It was kind ________ you to help us. A. of B. for C. to D. with 5. It’s ____________ of you to say such things about her. A. easy B. unfair C. important D. necessary of you to say for us to get up for us to doubt of unfair 试一试 不定式-课堂迷你练习 语态形式 时态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 完成式 doing having done being done having been done 2. 动名词的用法 动名词由动词的ing形式构成，与现在分词形式相同。既有动词特征，也有名词特征，在句中可做主语、表语、宾语和定语。 2. 动名词的用法 （1）动名词的一般式：表示没有明确发生时间的动作，也可以表示与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之前或之后的动作。 Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. Thank you for giving us so much help yesterday. Doctors advise giving up smoking. （going, rising没有明确时间） (giving发生在谓语动作之前) (giving up发生在谓语动作之后) 2. 动名词的用法 （2）动名词的完成式：表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作 Neil denies having broken the window, but I’m sure he did. （3）动名词的被动式：动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所 表示的动作的承受者时，动名词用被动形式。 I appreciate being given this opportunity. The bird just missed being caught. Finding a job is difficult these days. My hobby is painting. Would you mind opening the door? I enjoy reading science fiction. There is a swimming pool in my community. 2. 动名词的用法 动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 请指出以下句中的动名词作什么成分 主语 定语 宾语 宾语 表语 加油 2. 动名词的用法 以下动词只能跟动名词作宾语 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 mind介意 couldn’t help情不自禁 avoid避免 practise练习 advise劝说 keep继续 consider认为 suggest建议 miss错过 imagine设想 put off推迟 give up放弃 look forward to盼望 keep on继续 be used to习惯于 pay attention to注意 1.You’d better put off having the meeting till next month. 2.The little girl couldn’t help crying. Remember 2. 动名词的用法 以下动词既可以跟动名词也可以 跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同。 like doing like to do 喜欢做… 想要做… try doing try to do 尝试做 设法做 mean doing mean to do 意味着 企图,打算做 go on doing go on to do 继续做 接着做 Compare & Remember 2. 动名词的用法 Compare & Remember remember doing remember to do 记得做过的事 记得将要做的事 stop doing 停止正在做的 stop to do 停止正在做的去做另一件事 forget doing 忘记做过的事 forget to do 忘记将要做的事 加油 2. 动名词的用法 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语， 将动名词置于句尾，常用句型有： It’s good/fun/no use……. It’s useful/nice/useless….. It is nice seeing you again. It is no use regretting your past mistakes. It is fun playing with children. (Regretting your past mistakes is no use.) (Seeing you again is nice.) (Playing with children is fun.) 1.I like _________, but I don’t like _________.(dance) dancing to dance 2.I remember________ the books on the shelf. (put) putting 3.Remember _______ the books on the shelf.(put) to put 4.Let’s stop ________ about our examination results.(worry) worrying 5. They had to stop _____________ at the top of the mountain.(rest) to rest 我喜欢跳舞，但是现在不想跳。（动名词表示喜欢做的，不定式表示想要做的） 我记得书放在了书架上。 （放书的动作已经发生） 记得把书放在书架上。（放书的动作尚未发生） 让我们不要担心考试成绩。（停止担心，停止正在做的事情） 他们不得不停下来在山顶上休息。（停下正在做的去做另一件事） 2. 动名词的用法 用括号内动词的正确形式填空并翻译成中文 动名词-课堂迷你练习 3.分词的用法 分词包括：现在分词，过去分词 现在分词 表示进行的主动动作 v.+ ing (doing) 基本形式 The swimming boy is my brother. 表示过去的被动动作 过去分词 基本形式 V.+ed (done) The boy called Tom is a friend of mine. 语态形式 时态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 完成式 doing having done being done having been done 现在分词除了可以构成进行时态之外，还可以在句中作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。时态与语态形式如下 3.分词的用法 3.分词的用法 现在分词 的用法 （1）现在分词的一般式表示与谓语同时发生的动作 The little boy went away, crying. We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing. (2) 现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语之前的动作 Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go there last week. (3) 现在分词一般式的被动式表示现在正在进行的被动动作或与谓语同时发生的被动动作，其完成被动式表示在谓语之前发生的被动动作。 The question being discussed is of great importance. Having been seriously injured in the accident, he had to be taken to the hospital immediately. 3.分词的用法 现在分词 的用法 请说出以下句中分词做什么成分，并翻译成中文 1.The man sitting at the back is Mr. Smith. 2.The book is rather boring. 3.I find this movie very interesting. 4.Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 5.Living far from the school, I have to get up early every morning. （定语）坐在后面的那人是史密斯先生 （表语）这本书实在没有意思 （宾语补足语）我发现这部电影非常有意思。 （时间状语）听到这个消息时，他们都高兴地跳了起来。 （原因状语）我住的离学校很远，所以每天早上要早起。 现在分词-课堂迷你 练习 3.分词的用法 过去分词 的用法 表示过去的被动动作，在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语，及物动词的过去分词形式可以有自己的宾语，否定形式是在分词前加not,只有一般式。 基本形式：V.+ed (done) Given enough care, the children can cooperate better. (条件状语) I have a book written by Lu Xun. (定语) I felt confused, even bored. (表语) Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.（宾语补足语） 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词： 过去分词： 过去，被动 现在，主动 Remember 1.China is a ______________(develop) country. 2. America is a ____________(develop) country. developing developed 3._______(see) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 4. ________ (see) from the top of the tower, the factory looks very beautiful. Seeing Seen 中国是一个发展中国家（developing表示发展中，现在） 美国是一个发达国家（developed表示已经发展完了，过去） 从大厦顶端看去，我们可以看见一座美丽的工厂（本句主语为我们，是see动作的发出者，所以用现在分词表示主动） 从大厦顶端看去，工厂看起来非常美丽（本句主语为工厂，是see动作的承受者，所以用过去分词表示被动） 3.分词的用法 经典 例句 3.分词的用法 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在，独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 独立主格结构是一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子，可置于句首、句末或句中。 概念 用法 The signal given, the train started. With so much work to do, I cannot spare a minute. 3.分词的用法 No one to wake me up. I might be late for the first class. （1）逻辑主语+不定式结构 逻辑主语+不定式 The test finished, we’ll have our summer vacation. （3）逻辑主语+过去分词结构 逻辑主语+过去分词 All the students having sat down, the lecture began. （2）逻辑主语+现在分词结构 逻辑主语+现在分词 独立主格常用结构 独立主格常用结构 3.分词的用法 （4）with/without+复合宾语结构 ֎with/without + 名词/代词+不定式 With the boy to lead the way, we will find the cave easily tomorrow. ֎With/without+名词/代词+现在分词 Without anyone noticing, I slipped into the room. ֎with/without+名词/代词+过去分词 The boy was crying with the toy broken. To give is better than to receive. _____ ____ ________ to give than to receive. 2. We use the man-made satellites so that we can make telephone calls. We use the man-made satellites ______ ________ telephone calls. 3. We found they were having a football match. We found __________ ____________ a football match. 4. I can’t decide which book I should choose. I can’t decide _______ _______ _______ _________. 5. They asked someone to wash the car for them yesterday. They ___________ the car __________yesterday. It is better to make them having which book to choose had/made washed 课堂精练 非谓语动词（综合） 之 改写句子，保持句意不变，每空一词 加油 The child began __________ English when he was four years old. A. to learn B. learn C. learns D. learned 2. Tim kept quiet about the accident ___________ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as to not C. so as not to D. so to as not 3. When I was young, I_______________ football quite well. A. was used to play B. used to play C. get used to playing D. use to play 4. We are looking forward ___________________ our friends next week. A. to seeing B. to see C. to be seeing D. see 5. I’m considering __________your suggestion. A. to accept B. accept C. accepted D. accepting to learn so as not to used to play to be seeing accepting 课堂精练 非谓语动词（综合） 之 加油 6.______________________________ is very dangerous. A. Cars at very high speed driving B. Driving cars at very high speed C. Cars driving at very high speed D. At very high speed driving cars 7. The girl _________ in red is my daughter. A. dressing B. dressed herself C. dressed D. is dressing 8. The girl was ______________ by the _____________ story. A. moving, moving B. moved, moving C. moving, moved D. moved, moved 9. What shall we do with the presents __________? A. received B. receiving C. receive D. to receive 10. Mr. Smith went out of the classroom, __________ by many students. A. followed B. following C. follows D. follow Driving cars at very high speed dressed moved moving received followed 课堂精练 非谓语动词（综合） 之 加油 感谢观看 $