摘要:
本高中英语讲义聚焦译林版选必3 Unit 2“Out of this world”主题词汇,系统梳理53个核心词汇及短语,涵盖名词(如astronaut, gravity)、动词(如float, occupy)、形容词(如vital, crucial)等,通过词形变化、派生词及核心考点构建连贯学习支架,助力学生夯实单元语言基础。
该资料以语言能力培养为核心,通过派生词拓展(如astronaut衍生astronomy)、核心考点搭配例句(如gravity的“law of gravity”结合实例)提升思维品质,结构清晰便于课中教师结合语境教学,课后学生可自主查阅派生词和例句,有效查漏补缺,强化词汇应用能力。
内容正文:
译林版 选必3 Unit 2 Out of this world.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
astronaut n. 宇航员,航天员
复数:astronauts
astronautic adj. 太空航行的;astronomy n. 天文学
1. space astronaut(太空宇航员)2. astronaut training(宇航员训练)
The astronaut spent six months on the space station.(这位宇航员在空间站待了六个月。)
2
gravity n. 重力;严重性;严肃
不可数
grave adj. 严重的;gravitational adj. 重力的
1. law of gravity(万有引力定律)2. gravity of the situation(情况的严重性)
Gravity keeps us from floating off the Earth.(重力让我们不会飘离地球。)
3
absence n. 缺乏,不存在;缺席
不可数
absent adj. 缺席的;absently adv. 心不在焉地
1. absence of mind(心不在焉)2. in the absence of(在……缺席时)
Her absence from the meeting was due to illness.(她因病缺席了会议。)
4
float vi. 飘动,漂流;浮;vt. 使浮动,使漂流
过去式/过去分词:floated
floating adj. 浮动的;漂浮的
1. float on water(浮在水面上)2. float in the air(在空中飘动)
Leaves float on the surface of the lake in autumn.(秋天树叶漂浮在湖面。)
5
cupboard n. 壁橱;橱柜,衣柜
复数:cupboards
无
1. kitchen cupboard(厨房橱柜)2. food cupboard(食品柜)
She stored the dishes in the wooden cupboard.(她把餐具存放在木质橱柜里。)
6
ceiling n. 天花板;上限
复数:ceilings
无
1. low ceiling(低矮的天花板)2. price ceiling(价格上限)
The light fixture is mounted on the ceiling.(灯具安装在天花板上。)
7
bother vt. 使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰;vi. 花费时间精力(做某事);n. 麻烦,困难
过去式/过去分词:bothered;复数:bothers
bothersome adj. 烦人的
1. bother sb. with sth.(用某事打扰某人)2. not bother to do(懒得做)
Don’t bother him; he’s busy with his work.(别打扰他,他正忙于工作。)
8
occupy vt. 占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于
过去式/过去分词:occupied
occupation n. 职业;占领;occupant n. 居住者
1. occupy time(占用时间)2. be occupied with(忙于……)
The old building has been occupied by a new company.(这座老建筑已被一家新公司占用。)
9
mission n. 任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务
复数:missions
missionary adj. 传教的;n. 传教士
1. space mission(太空任务)2. fulfill a mission(完成使命)
The team successfully completed their rescue mission.(这支队伍成功完成了救援任务。)
10
evaluate vt. 评估,估计,评价
过去式/过去分词:evaluated
evaluation n. 评估;evaluative adj. 评价性的
1. evaluate sth.(评估某物)2. evaluate the effect(评估效果)
The teacher evaluated our performance carefully.(老师仔细评估了我们的表现。)
11
creature n. 动物,生物;人
复数:creatures
create vt. 创造;creative adj. 创造性的
1. living creature(生物)2. sea creature(海洋生物)
Dolphins are intelligent marine creatures.(海豚是聪明的海洋生物。)
12
mosquito n. (pl. mosquitoes or mosquitos) 蚊子
复数:mosquitoes/mosquitos
mosquito net(蚊帐)
1. mosquito bite(蚊子叮咬)2. kill mosquitoes(灭蚊)
We put up a mosquito net to keep the insects away.(我们挂起蚊帐防蚊虫。)
13
microscope n. 显微镜
复数:microscopes
microscopic adj. 微观的;显微镜的
1. optical microscope(光学显微镜)2. use a microscope(使用显微镜)
Scientists observe cells through a microscope.(科学家通过显微镜观察细胞。)
14
cast new light on 使进一步了解…
无词形变化
无
1. cast new light on history(让历史更清晰)2. cast new light on the problem(为问题提供新线索)
The new discovery cast new light on the ancient civilization.(这项新发现让人们对古文明有了进一步了解。)
15
maintenance n. 维护,保养;维持,保持
不可数
maintain vt. 维持;保养;maintainable adj. 可维持的
1. car maintenance(汽车保养)2. maintenance of peace(和平的维持)
Regular maintenance can extend the machine’s lifespan.(定期保养能延长机器的使用寿命。)
16
circumstance n. 条件,状况;(circumstances)境况,(尤指)经济状况
复数:circumstances
circumstantial adj. 间接的;环境的
1. difficult circumstances(困境)2. under no circumstances(无论如何不)
We should adapt to changing circumstances.(我们应该适应变化的环境。)
17
in the circumstances 在这种情况下,既然如此
无词形变化
无
1. in the circumstances, we have to(在这种情况下,我们不得不)
In the circumstances, it’s better to postpone the meeting.(既然如此,会议最好延期。)
18
exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道
不可数
expose vt. 暴露;揭露;exposed adj. 暴露的
1. exposure to danger(面临危险)2. media exposure(媒体报道)
Long-term exposure to sunlight is harmful to the skin.(长期暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。)
19
radiation n. 辐射,放射线
不可数
radioactive adj. 放射性的;radiate vt. 辐射
1. nuclear radiation(核辐射)2. radiation protection(辐射防护)
Workers in the nuclear plant wear special clothes to avoid radiation.(核电站的工作人员穿特制服装防辐射。)
20
visible adj. 看得见的;明显的
比较级:more visible;最高级:most visible
visibility n. 能见度;visible adj. 可见的
1. visible to the eye(肉眼可见的)2. visible change(明显变化)
The stars are visible only on clear nights.(只有在晴朗的夜晚才能看到星星。)
21
in view of 鉴于,考虑到
无词形变化
无
1. in view of the fact(鉴于事实)2. in view of safety(考虑到安全)
In view of his illness, he was allowed to rest.(鉴于他生病了,他被允许休息。)
22
luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品
复数:luxuries
luxurious adj. 奢侈的;豪华的
1. luxury goods(奢侈品)2. live in luxury(过奢侈的生活)
For many people, traveling abroad is a luxury.(对很多人来说,出国旅行是一种难得的享受。)
23
tube n. 管,管子;软管;(英)地铁
复数:tubes
tubular adj. 管状的
1. plastic tube(塑料管)2. toothpaste tube(牙膏管)
He used a glass tube to transfer the liquid.(他用玻璃管转移液体。)
24
furthermore adv. 此外,再者
无比较级/最高级
无
1. furthermore, + 句子(此外……)2. besides, furthermore(此外,再者)
The task is difficult; furthermore, we have no enough time.(这项任务很难,此外,我们时间也不够。)
25
pill n. 药丸,药片
复数:pills
pillbox n. 药盒;pillow n. 枕头(无关,不列入)
1. sleeping pill(安眠药)2. take a pill(吃药片)
The doctor advised her to take one pill after meals.(医生建议她饭后吃一片药。)
26
vital adj. 必不可少的,对…极重要的;维持生命所必需的
无比较级/最高级
vitality n. 生命力;vitalize vt. 使有活力
1. be vital to(对……至关重要)2. vital energy(生命力)
Water is vital to all living things.(水对所有生物都至关重要。)
27
discipline vt. 严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练;n. 训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力
过去式/过去分词:disciplined;复数:disciplines
disciplined adj. 守纪律的;disciplinary adj. 纪律的
1. discipline oneself(自律)2. military discipline(军纪)
Parents should discipline their children properly.(父母应该正确管教孩子。)
28
leisure n. 闲暇,空闲
不可数
leisurely adj. 悠闲的;leisurely adv. 悠闲地
1. in one’s leisure time(在闲暇时间)2. leisure activities(休闲活动)
She likes reading in her leisure time.(她喜欢在闲暇时间读书。)
29
crew n. 全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队
集合(单复数同形)
crewmember n. 机组人员;船员
1. flight crew(机组人员)2. film crew(电影摄制组)
The crew worked hard to ensure the safety of the passengers.(机组人员努力保障乘客的安全。)
30
permanent adj. 永久的,永恒的
比较级:more permanent;最高级:most permanent
permanently adv. 永久地;permanence n. 永久性
1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留权)
They moved into a permanent home after years of renting.(租了几年房后,他们搬进了自己的永久性住房。)
31
altogether adv. 完全,总共;总之
无比较级/最高级
无
1. altogether different(完全不同)2. altogether 10 people(总共10人)
The plan is altogether impractical.(这个计划完全不切实际。)
32
kit n. 成套设备,成套工具;配套元件
复数:kits
无
1. first-aid kit(急救包)2. tool kit(工具箱)
The camping kit includes a tent and a sleeping bag.(这套露营装备包括帐篷和睡袋。)
33
telescope n. 望远镜
复数:telescopes
telescopic adj. 望远镜的;伸缩的
1. astronomical telescope(天文望远镜)2. look through a telescope(通过望远镜观察)
He bought a telescope to watch the stars.(他买了一架望远镜用来观星。)
34
universe n. (the universe) 宇宙,天地万物
不可数
universal adj. 普遍的;宇宙的;universally adv. 普遍地
1. the entire universe(整个宇宙)2. explore the universe(探索宇宙)
Scientists are trying to understand how the universe began.(科学家们正试图了解宇宙的起源。)
35
crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的
无比较级/最高级
crucially adv. 关键地
1. be crucial to(对……至关重要)2. crucial moment(关键时刻)
Good communication is crucial to the success of the project.(良好的沟通对项目的成功至关重要。)
36
orbit vi. & vt. 围绕…运动,沿轨道运行;n.(天体等运行的)轨道
过去式/过去分词:orbited;复数:orbits
orbital adj. 轨道的
1. orbit the Earth(绕地球运行)2. in orbit(在轨道上)
The satellite orbits the Earth every 90 minutes.(这颗卫星每90分钟绕地球一周。)
37
astronomer n. 天文学家
复数:astronomers
astronomy n. 天文学;astronomical adj. 天文的
1. famous astronomer(著名天文学家)2. professional astronomer(专业天文学家)
The astronomer discovered a new planet through the telescope.(这位天文学家通过望远镜发现了一颗新行星。)
38
merely adv. 仅仅,只不过
无比较级/最高级
无
1. merely a joke(只不过是个玩笑)2. merely 10 years old(只有10岁)
He is merely a student, not a teacher.(他仅仅是个学生,不是老师。)
39
administration n. 行政部门;管理,行政
复数:administrations
administer vt. 管理;实施;administrative adj. 行政的
1. school administration(学校行政部门)2. public administration(公共行政)
The administration is responsible for school affairs.(行政部门负责学校事务。)
40
agency n. 机构;代理处
复数:agencies
agent n. 代理人;代理商
1. travel agency(旅行社)2. government agency(政府机构)
She booked a flight through a travel agency.(她通过旅行社预订了机票。)
41
comprise vt. 包括,包含;组成,构成
过去式/过去分词:comprised
comprehensive adj. 全面的;comprehension n. 理解
1. be comprised of(由……组成)2. comprise three parts(包括三部分)
The team is comprised of five experts from different fields.(这支队伍由来自不同领域的五名专家组成。)
42
scan vt. & vi. 扫描;细看;浏览;n. 扫描检查;快速查阅
过去式/过去分词:scanned;复数:scans
scanner n. 扫描仪;scanning n. 扫描
1. scan a document(扫描文件)2. scan the newspaper(浏览报纸)
The doctor advised him to have a brain scan.(医生建议他做脑部扫描检查。)
43
plain to see 显而易见的
无词形变化
无
1. be plain to see(显而易见)2. it’s plain to see that(显而易见的是)
It’s plain to see that he is lying.(显而易见,他在撒谎。)
44
foundation n. 基础,根据;地基;创办;基金会
复数:foundations
found vt. 建立;创办;foundational adj. 基础的
1. lay the foundation(打下基础)2. scientific foundation(科学依据)
Hard work is the foundation of success.(努力是成功的基础。)
45
lay the foundation for 为…打下基础
无词形变化
无
1. lay the foundation for future(为未来打下基础)2. lay the foundation for cooperation(为合作奠定基础)
Early education lays the foundation for a child’s development.(早期教育为孩子的发展打下基础。)
46
purse n. 资金,财源;钱包
复数:purses
pursue vt. 追求;继续;pursuit n. 追求
1. public purse(公共资金)2. leather purse(皮钱包)
She took out some money from her purse to pay for the book.(她从钱包里拿出一些钱买书。)
47
tale n. 故事;讲述,叙述
复数:tales
tell vt. 告诉;讲述;teller n. 讲述者
1. fairy tale(童话故事)2. tell a tale(讲故事)
Grandma often tells us tales about her childhood.(奶奶经常给我们讲她童年的故事。)
48
origin n. 起源,起因;出身
复数:origins
original adj. 原始的;最初的;originally adv. 最初
1. origin of life(生命的起源)2. family origin(家庭出身)
The origin of this tradition can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.(这个传统的起源可以追溯到唐代。)
49
shuttle n. 航天飞机;来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车);vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
复数:shuttles;过去式/过去分词:shuttled
shuttlebus n. 穿梭巴士
1. space shuttle(航天飞机)2. shuttle between A and B(在A和B之间穿梭)
The shuttle flies between the city and the airport every hour.(穿梭巴士每小时往返于市区和机场之间。)
50
frequency n. 发生率,出现率;频繁;频率
复数:frequencies
frequent adj. 频繁的;frequently adv. 频繁地
1. high frequency(高频率)2. frequency of meetings(会议的频率)
The frequency of earthquakes in this area is low.(这个地区地震的发生率很低。)
51
hydrogen n. 氢,氢气
不可数
hydrogenic adj. 氢的;含氢的
1. hydrogen gas(氢气)2. hydrogen bomb(氢弹)
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(水由氢和氧组成。)
52
rocket n. 火箭;火箭武器;vi. 快速上升;vt. 用火箭运送
复数:rockets;过去式/过去分词:rocketed
rocketry n. 火箭技术;火箭学
1. launch a rocket(发射火箭)2. rocket into space(飞向太空)
The rocket successfully launched a satellite into orbit.(火箭成功将一颗卫星送入轨道。)
53
motive n. 原因,动机,目的
复数:motives
motivate vt. 激励;激发;motivation n. 动机
1. main motive(主要动机)2. motive for doing(做……的动机)
What was his motive for committing the crime?(他犯罪的动机是什么?)
54
investment n. 投资;投入
复数:investments
invest vt. 投资;investor n. 投资者
1. make an investment(进行投资)2. time investment(时间投入)
He made a large investment in the new company.(他在这家新公司投入了大量资金。)
55
calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测
过去式/过去分词:calculated
calculation n. 计算;calculator n. 计算器
1. calculate the cost(计算成本)2. calculate the result(预测结果)
The computer can calculate the data in seconds.(电脑能在几秒钟内计算出这些数据。)
56
coverage n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围;信息范围
不可数
cover vt. 覆盖;报道;coverage adj. 覆盖的(无,正确派生词为cover相关)
1. media coverage(媒体报道)2. coverage area(覆盖范围)
The event received wide coverage in the national newspapers.(这件事在全国性报纸上得到了广泛报道。)
57
mechanic n. 机械师,技工
复数:mechanics
mechanical adj. 机械的;mechanics n. 力学
1. car mechanic(汽车机械师)2. aircraft mechanic(飞机技工)
The mechanic repaired my car in less than an hour.(机械师不到一小时就修好了我的车。)
58
assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教;adj. 助理的,副的
复数:assistants;形容词无比较级
assist vt. 帮助;assistance n. 帮助
1. personal assistant(私人助理)2. teaching assistant(助教)
She works as an assistant in a law firm.(她在一家律师事务所做助理。)
59
incredibly adv. 极其,极端地;令人难以置信
无比较级/最高级
incredible adj. 难以置信的;credibility n. 可信度
1. incredibly fast(极其快)2. incredibly difficult(难以置信地难)
The project was completed in an incredibly short time.(这个项目在极短的时间内就完成了。)
60
dust n. 沙土,尘土;灰尘,尘埃;vt. 掸去灰尘
不可数;过去式/过去分词:dusted
dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
1. sweep the dust(扫地除尘)2. dust the furniture(掸家具上的灰尘)
Dust covered the books on the shelf.(书架上的书布满了灰尘。)
61
shelter n. 居所,住处;庇护;vt. 保护,掩蔽;vi. 躲避
复数:shelters;过去式/过去分词:sheltered
sheltered adj. 受保护的;遮蔽的
1. bomb shelter(防空洞)2. shelter from the rain(避雨)
The homeless people found shelter in the community center.(无家可归的人在社区中心找到了住处。)
62
constant adj. 固定的,不变的;连续发生的,重复的
比较级:more constant;最高级:most constant
constantly adv. 始终;一直;constancy n. 恒定性
1. constant temperature(恒温)2. constant noise(持续的噪音)
He kept a constant speed while driving on the highway.(他在高速公路上开车时保持恒定速度。)
63
nuclear adj. 核能的,原子能的;核武器的
无比较级/最高级
nucleus n. 核;核心;nuclearity n. 核性质
1. nuclear energy(核能)2. nuclear power plant(核电站)
Many countries use nuclear energy to generate electricity.(许多国家利用核能发电。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$