词汇清单03：上海考试院新增高考词汇200例详解及训练【latest-reluctant】（清单）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

清单03：上海考试院新增高考词汇200条之多维度详解 一、50 个核心单词三栏表格（序号 101-150） 单词（含音标） 释义（含词性） 主要搭配 / 词块 / 变形 101. latest /ˈleɪtɪst/ adj. 最近的；最新的 the latest news；latest version 102. laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ n. 洗衣房；要洗 / 刚洗好的衣物 do the laundry；laundry service 103. lawn /lɔːn/ n. 草坪；草地 mow the lawn；on the lawn 104. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层；表层 a layer of；outer layer 105. lean /liːn/ v. 倾向，偏向（某意见 / 利益）；adj. （肉）瘦的；（日子）不景气；（效率）高的 lean towards；lean meat；lean period 106. leap /liːp/ n./v. 跳（过）；激增 take a leap；leap up；a leap in numbers 107. locker /ˈlɒkə(r)/ n. （体育馆等的）有锁存物柜，寄物柜 school locker；locker room 108. luggage /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/ n. （BrE）行李 carry luggage；check in luggage 109. manual /ˈmænjuəl/ adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；n. 手册；指南 manual work；user manual 110. marine /məˈriːn/ adj. 海的；海产的；海生的；n. 海军陆战队士兵 marine life；marine products 111. marvel /ˈmɑːvl/ n. 令人惊异的人（或事）；奇迹 a marvel of；marvel at（v. 短语） 112. mask /mɑːsk/ n. 面具；面罩；vt. 遮盖；掩盖 wear a mask；mask one’s feelings 113. masterpiece /ˈmɑːstəpiːs/ n. 代表作；杰作 a literary masterpiece 114. mayor /meə(r)/ n. （民选的）市长，镇长 city mayor；elect a mayor 115. meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 同时；与此同时 meanwhile,；in the meanwhile 116. melt /melt/ v. （使）熔化，融化 melt into；melt down 117. miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj. 痛苦的；非常难受的 feel miserable；a miserable life 118. moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的；vt. 节制；减轻 moderate temperature；moderate one’s anger 119. modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的 a modest person；modest achievements 120. monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. 历史遗迹；有历史价值的建筑 national monument；a monument to 121. mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的；彼此的 mutual respect；mutual understanding 122. mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的；奇怪的 a mysterious stranger；mysterious disappearance 123. nap /næp/ n./vi. 小睡 take a nap；have a short nap 124. nasty /ˈnɑːsti/ adj. 极差的；令人厌恶的 a nasty smell；nasty weather 125. neutral /ˈnjuːtrəl/ adj. 中立的；持平的；无倾向性的 remain neutral；neutral color 126. nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ v./n. 给… 起绰号；绰号 give sb. a nickname；a funny nickname 127. nonsense /ˈnɒnsns/ n. 谬论；胡扯；胡言乱语 talk nonsense；complete nonsense 128. obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍；阻碍 overcome obstacles；a major obstacle 129. oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 用口的；口腔的；口服的 oral English；oral exam；oral medicine 130. outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ n. 人生观；见解 positive outlook；world outlook 131. pajamas /pəˈdʒɑːməz/ n. （一套）睡衣裤 put on pajamas；a pair of pajamas 132. pants /pænts/ n. （BrE）内裤；短裤；（NAmE）裤子 casual pants；a pair of pants 133. parade /pəˈreɪd/ n. 游行；vi. 游行；队列行进 street parade；parade through the city 134. pat /pæt/ vt. （喜爱地）轻拍；轻抚；称赞；n. 轻拍；轻抚 pat sb. on the shoulder；a gentle pat 135. patriotic /ˌpeɪtriˈɒtɪk/ adj. 爱国的 patriotic feelings；patriotic song 136. pause /pɔːz/ n./vi. 停顿；停顿的时间 pause for a moment；a short pause 137. pave /peɪv/ v. （用砖石）铺（地） pave the road；pave the way for 138. perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 show perseverance；with perseverance 139. persist /pəˈsɪst/ vi. 顽强地坚持；执著地做 persist in doing；persist with 140. perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 态度；观点；思考方法 different perspective；from a new perspective 141. pile /paɪl/ v. 堆放；摞起；叠放；n. 堆 pile up；a pile of books 142. pin /pɪn/ n. 别针；v. （用大头钉等）固定，别上，钉住 safety pin；pin sth. to the wall 143. pizza /ˈpiːtsə/ n. 比萨饼；意大利饼 cheese pizza；order a pizza 144. portion /ˈpɔːʃn/ n. （食物的）一份；一客；部分 a portion of rice；a portion of the money 145. proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n. 正确的比例；均衡 in proportion；a sense of proportion 146. publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. （书刊等的）出版，发行；出版物 the publication of a book；scientific publications 147. puppy /ˈpʌpi/ n. 小狗；幼犬 a cute puppy；train a puppy 148. puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ n. 不解之谜；疑问；谜；v. 使困惑 solve a puzzle；a puzzle to sb. 149. regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/ v. （用规则条例）约束，控制，管理 regulate traffic；regulate prices 150. reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 be reluctant to do；reluctant agreement 二、单词实用例句手册（序号 101-150） 101. latest - I bought the latest model of this phone yesterday.（我昨天买了这款手机的最新款。）/ She always keeps up with the latest fashion trends.（她总是紧跟最新的时尚潮流。） 102. laundry - My mom usually does the laundry on weekends.（我妈妈通常在周末洗衣服。）/ Don’t forget to pick up your laundry from the shop.（别忘了去店里取你的衣物。） 103. lawn - We had a picnic on the soft lawn in the park.（我们在公园柔软的草坪上野餐了。）/ He spends hours watering the lawn every week.（他每周花好几个小时给草坪浇水。） 104. layer - Add a layer of butter before baking the cake.（烤蛋糕前先涂一层黄油。）/ The coat has three layers to keep you warm.（这件外套有三层，能帮你保暖。） 105. lean - She tends to lean towards more practical solutions.（她更倾向于实用的解决方案。）/ I prefer lean beef for making stir-fry.（我炒肉时更喜欢用瘦肉。） 106. leap - The cat made a big leap over the fence.（那只猫跳过了栅栏，跳得很高。）/ There has been a leap in online shopping since last year.（去年以来，网购量激增。） 107. locker - I left my bag in the locker at the gym.（我把包落在体育馆的储物柜里了。）/ Each student has a personal locker at school.（每个学生在学校都有个人储物柜。） 108. luggage - We need to pack our luggage before the flight.（起飞前我们需要收拾行李。）/ The porter helped carry our heavy luggage.（搬运工帮我们搬了沉重的行李。） 109. manual - This machine requires manual operation.（这台机器需要手动操作。）/ Check the user manual if you don’t know how to use it.（如果你不知道怎么用，就看用户手册。） 110. marine - The museum has a special exhibition on marine life.（博物馆有一个关于海洋生物的特别展览。）/ He used to be a marine in the navy.（他以前是海军陆战队士兵。） 111. marvel - The Great Wall is a marvel of ancient engineering.（长城是古代工程的奇迹。）/ I marvel at how fast she learns new things.（我惊叹于她学东西这么快。） 112. mask - Everyone should wear a mask in crowded places.（在人员密集的地方，每个人都应该戴口罩。）/ She tried to mask her disappointment with a smile.（她试图用微笑掩饰自己的失望。） 113. masterpiece - This painting is considered the artist’s masterpiece.（这幅画被认为是这位艺术家的代表作。）/ I just finished reading a literary masterpiece.（我刚读完一部文学杰作。） 114. mayor - The mayor gave a speech about city development.（市长就城市发展发表了演讲。）/ We met the mayor at the community event.（我们在社区活动上见到了市长。） 115. meanwhile - I’ll cook dinner; meanwhile, you can clean the table.（我来做晚饭，与此同时，你可以收拾桌子。）/ Meanwhile, the team was preparing for the competition.（在此期间，团队正在为比赛做准备。） 116. melt - The ice will melt quickly in the sun.（冰在太阳下会很快融化。）/ She melted the chocolate in a bowl over hot water.（她把巧克力放在碗里，隔热水融化了。） 117. miserable - I felt miserable when I caught a cold.（我感冒时感觉非常难受。）/ It’s a miserable day with rain and wind.（今天又下雨又刮风，真是糟糕的一天。） 118. moderate - We need moderate exercise to stay healthy.（我们需要适度锻炼来保持健康。）/ He tried to moderate his loud voice in the library.（他在图书馆里尽量压低自己的大嗓门。） 119. modest - She is a modest person who never shows off her achievements.（她是个谦虚的人，从不炫耀自己的成就。）/ The hotel offers modest but comfortable rooms.（这家酒店的房间虽简朴但很舒适。） 120. monument - We visited a historic monument during our trip.（我们旅行时参观了一处历史遗迹。）/ This building is a monument to the city’s past.（这座建筑是这座城市过去的见证。） 121. mutual - We share a mutual love for classical music.（我们都热爱古典音乐，这是我们共同的爱好。）/ Mutual respect is important in any relationship.（相互尊重在任何关系中都很重要。） 122. mysterious - There’s a mysterious noise coming from the basement.（地下室传来一阵神秘的声音。）/ She has a mysterious air that attracts people.（她身上有一种神秘的气质，很吸引人。） 123. nap - I like to take a short nap after lunch.（我喜欢午饭后小睡一会儿。）/ He fell asleep during his afternoon nap.（他在下午小睡时睡着了。） 124. nasty - The food has a nasty taste; don’t eat it.（这食物味道很差，别吃了。）/ They had a nasty argument last night.（他们昨晚吵了一架，闹得很不愉快。） 125. neutral - The country decided to remain neutral in the conflict.（这个国家决定在冲突中保持中立。）/ I chose a neutral color for the living room walls.（我给客厅墙壁选了一种中性色。） 126. nickname - His friends gave him the nickname “Sunny” because he’s always happy.（他的朋友们叫他 “阳光”，因为他总是很开心。）/ She was nicknamed “Bookworm” at school.（她在学校被起了个 “书虫” 的绰号。） 127. nonsense - Don’t listen to him; he’s talking nonsense.（别听他的，他在胡说八道。）/ That’s complete nonsense—there’s no proof.（那完全是无稽之谈 —— 没有任何证据。） 128. obstacle - Lack of money is the main obstacle to his plan.（缺钱是他计划的主要障碍。）/ She overcame many obstacles to achieve her goal.（她克服了许多困难才实现目标。） 129. oral - We have an oral exam in English next week.（我们下周有英语口试。）/ This medicine is for oral use only.（这种药仅供口服。） 130. outlook - She has a positive outlook on life despite difficulties.（尽管处境艰难，她对生活仍持积极态度。）/ His outlook on work has changed recently.（他对工作的看法最近发生了变化。） 131. pajamas - He put on his pajamas and went to bed.（他穿上睡衣就去睡觉了。）/ I bought a new set of pajamas for winter.（我买了一套新睡衣过冬。） 132. pants - He wore casual pants and a T-shirt to the party.（他穿了休闲裤和 T 恤去参加派对。）/ These pants are too tight; I need a larger size.（这条裤子太紧了，我需要大一号的。） 133. parade - We watched the national day parade on TV.（我们在电视上看了国庆游行。）/ The students paraded through the street to celebrate.（学生们在街上列队游行庆祝。） 134. pat - She patted the dog gently on the head.（她轻轻地摸了摸狗的头。）/ He gave me a pat on the back for doing a good job.（我做得好，他拍了拍我的背表示鼓励。） 135. patriotic - Everyone sang the patriotic song with pride.（每个人都自豪地唱着爱国歌曲。）/ He has a patriotic desire to serve his country.（他有一颗报效祖国的爱国心。） 136. pause - She paused for a moment before answering the question.（她停顿了一下才回答问题。）/ There was a short pause in the conversation.（对话中有一个短暂的停顿。） 137. pave - Workers are paving the road in front of our house.（工人们正在我们家门前铺路。）/ Hard work paves the way for success.（努力工作为成功铺平道路。） 138. perseverance - Her perseverance helped her pass the difficult exam.（她的毅力帮助她通过了那场难考的试。）/ You need perseverance to learn a new language.（学习一门新语言需要毅力。） 139. persist - He persists in practicing the piano every day.（他坚持每天练习钢琴。）/ If the problem persists, contact customer service.（如果问题持续存在，请联系客服。） 140. perspective - Let’s look at the problem from a different perspective.（让我们从不同的角度看待这个问题。）/ His travel experiences changed his perspective on life.（他的旅行经历改变了他对生活的看法。） 141. pile - She piled the books neatly on the desk.（她把书整齐地堆在书桌上。）/ There’s a pile of dirty dishes in the sink.（水槽里有一堆脏盘子。） 142. pin - She pinned the photo to the notice board.（她把照片钉在了布告栏上。）/ Use a safety pin to fix the tear in your shirt.（用安全别针修补你衬衫上的破洞。） 143. pizza - We ordered a cheese pizza for dinner.（我们点了一份芝士披萨当晚餐。）/ My favorite pizza has mushrooms and peppers.（我最喜欢的披萨加蘑菇和彩椒。） 144. portion - She served each person a small portion of cake.（她给每个人分了一小份蛋糕。）/ A large portion of the money goes to charity.（这笔钱的很大一部分用于慈善事业。） 145. proportion - The design has a good sense of proportion.（这个设计的比例很协调。）/ The number of boys and girls is in proportion.（男生和女生的人数比例均衡。） 146. publication - The publication of his first novel made him famous.（他第一部小说的出版让他一举成名。）/ This magazine is a monthly publication.（这本杂志是月刊。） 147. puppy - The little girl fell in love with the cute puppy.（小女孩一下子就喜欢上了这只可爱的小狗。）/ We’re training our new puppy to sit and stay.（我们正在训练新来的小狗听懂 “坐下” 和 “别动” 的指令。） 148. puzzle - The children spent hours solving the jigsaw puzzle.（孩子们花了好几个小时拼拼图。）/ Her strange behavior is a puzzle to me.（她奇怪的举动让我困惑不解。） 149. regulate - The government regulates the safety of food products.（政府监管食品的安全。）/ This device can regulate the temperature automatically.（这个设备能自动调节温度。） 150. reluctant - He was reluctant to accept the job offer.（他不情愿接受这份工作邀请。）/ She’s reluctant to speak in front of a large crowd.（她不愿意在大批人面前发言。） 三、配套练习题（基于 50 个核心单词） （一）配对 ( ) 1. laundry A. （用砖石）铺（地） ( ) 2. marine B. 相互的；彼此的 ( ) 3. monument C. 洗衣房；要洗 / 刚洗好的衣物 ( ) 4. pave D. 海的；海产的；海生的 ( ) 5. mutual E. 历史遗迹；有历史价值的建筑 ( ) 6. obstacle F. 障碍；阻碍 ( ) 7. puzzle G. 不解之谜；疑问；谜 ( ) 8. regulate H. （用规则条例）约束，控制，管理 ( ) 9. reluctant I. 不情愿的；勉强的 ( ) 10. perseverance J. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 （二）请写出所给短语的中文 / 英文意思 1 ____________________ 英语口语 2 take a nap ____________________ 3 ____________________ 相互尊重 4 ____________________ 解决谜题 5 pave the way for ____________________ 6 ____________________ 克服障碍 7 ____________________ 最新消息 8 be reluctant to do ____________________ 9 persist in doing ____________________ 10 a portion of ____________________ （三）选词填空 （备选词：latest, laundry, layer, leap, locker, mutual, obstacle, puzzle, regulate, reluctant） 1. She found her lost key in the school ________. 2. The ________ development of technology has changed our lives greatly. 3. Add another ________ of paint to make the color darker. 4. There was a huge ________ in sales after the new product was launched. 5. ________ trust is the foundation of a good friendship. 6. Financial problems are the biggest ________ for his business. 7. This math problem is a real ________; no one can solve it. 8. The government is trying to ________ the rising housing prices. 9. He is ________ to ask for help even when he’s in trouble. 10. My sister offered to help me with the ________ this evening. （四）句子翻译（需使用括号内指定单词） 1. 她花了一个小时解决那个拼图。(puzzle) 2. 我们应该尊重彼此的选择。(mutual) 3. 他不顾困难，坚持追求自己的梦想。(persist) 4. 最新的研究结果令人惊讶。(latest) 5. 适量的运动对健康有益。(moderate) 6. 这座纪念碑是为了纪念战争中的英雄。(monument) 7. 她勉强同意参加这次会议。(reluctant) 8. 努力工作为成功铺平了道路。(pave) 9. 他的乐观人生观帮助他度过了艰难时期。(outlook) 10. 这个机器可以自动调节温度。(regulate) 四、练习题答案 （一）配对 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 6. F 7. G 8. H 9. I 10. J （二）短语互译 1. oral English 2. 小睡；打盹 3. mutual respect 4. solve a puzzle 5. 为…… 铺平道路 2. overcome obstacles 7. the latest news 8. 不情愿做…… 9. 坚持做…… 10. 一部分；一份 （三）选词填空 1. locker 2. latest 3. layer 4. leap 5. Mutual 6. obstacle 7. puzzle 8. regulate 9. reluctant 10. laundry （四）句子翻译 1. She spent an hour solving that puzzle. 2. We should respect each other’s mutual choices. 3. He persists in pursuing his dream despite difficulties. 4. The latest research results are surprising. 5. Moderate exercise is good for health. 6. This monument is in memory of the heroes in the war. 7. She was reluctant to agree to attend the meeting. 8. Hard work paves the way for success. 9. His positive outlook on life helped him get through the difficult times. 10. This machine can regulate the temperature automatically. 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $