Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题：科学技术与科学家 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and adopt technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate (吸收) technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Speed of learning new languages. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Ability to apply new technologies. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who seldom uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．According to the text, what is the future trend of TQ? A．It will replace the importance of IQ and EQ. B．It will combine with IQ and EQ to reshape our lives. C．It will become a basic human need like food and water. D．It will only be necessary for people working in tech fields. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? B．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? C．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? D．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (化工机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic (原子的) energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 1．What does the author suggest in the first paragraph? A．Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power. B．Peng was actually a very modest person. C．Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants. D．Peng was the most vital figure in the nuclear field. 2．What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean? A．Focus on. B．Know about. C．Turn to. D．Research into. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By following the time order. B．By showing the great importance. C．By providing some similar examples. D．By explaining the process of research. 4．Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A．A National Celebration for a Nuclear Scientist B．Peng Shilu’s Work on Nuclear Submarines and Plants C．The Nation’s Mourning for a Nuclear Expert D．A Lifetime of Devotion to China’s Nuclear Power Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons. After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one. Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trials, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne. Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (飞行器) , such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. 1．What do we know about Mary? A．She attended school while helping with farm work. B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C．She changed her working focus because her country’s demand changed. D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. 2．What was Mary doing after the war ended? A．Analyzing chemicals. B．Producing explosives. C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft. 3．What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA? A．Her special knowledge in fuels. B．Her rank as an engineer. C．Her discovery of Hydyne. D．Her sense of national pride 4．Which of the following words can describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A．Caring and determined. B．Intelligent and skillful. C．Courageous but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud. A wheeled robot rolls across the floor. A soft-bodied robotic star bends its five legs, moving awkwardly. Powered by conventional electricity, these simple robotic creations would be ordinary, but what sets these two robots apart is that they are controlled by a living organism: a king oyster mushroom. By growing the mushroom’s mycelium (菌丝体) into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the fungus (真菌) and its sensitivity to light. The robots are the latest accomplishment of scientists in a field known as biohybrid (生物混合的) robotics which seek to combine biological, living materials such as plant and animal cells or insects with synthetic components to make partly living and partly engineered robots. Biohybrid robots have yet to go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day they may explore oceans or search for survivors after an earthquake. “Biohybridization is an attempt to find components in the biological world that we can use, understand, and control to help our artificial systems work better,” said Robert Shepherd, a professor at Cornell University who leads the Organic Robotics Lab. Fungi can be cultivated in large quantities and thrive in many different environments. Fungi may have advantages over other biohybrid approaches in terms of the conditions required to keep them alive. This could make them an excellent candidate for biohybrid robots for applications in agriculture and marine exploration. The lab has produced more than 30 sensing and computing devices using live fungi. However, some experts show their concerns that if biohybrid robots become more complex and are applied in the ocean or other ecosystems, it could disturb the habitats, challenging the traditional distinction between life and machine. Currently, this research hasn’t raised ethical questions, but if it continues to develop, it’s vital to consider the consequences of releasing them in the open. 1．What can we learn about biohybrid robots from the first two paragraphs? A．They are controlled by human cells. B．They are applied to rescue operations. C．They may be sensitive to electrical signals. D．They may have many practical applications. 2．Why are fungi used for biohybrid robots? A．They are in large numbers. B．They respond to the environment quickly. C．They are readily available. D．They can survive in different environments. 3．What is the potential problem with biohybrid robots? A．Damaging ecosystems. B．Confusing humans with machines. C．Losing control. D．Replacing humans on certain jobs. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To warn about the risks of biohybrid robots. B．To present the concept of biohybrid robots. C．To introduce the new development of robots. D．To question the benefits of engineered robots This year, new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel (方向盘) while on the road. But that doesn’t mean their cars will be fully self-driving — that day still remains far in the future. Automakers like General Motors (GM), Ford and Stellantis are introducing, or upgrading existing technologies. But in the words of Kay Stepper, an automated driving expert, these systems are “feet off” and “hands off”, but they will not be “eyes off” or “mind off”. For the time being, these systems will only be used on limited-access highways, where there are no pedestrians or bicyclists. Vehicles with this technology will be able to drive at relatively high speeds, but only in simple traffic situations. Bryan Reimer, a researcher with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Age Lab, said it will be decades before people can buy truly-self-driving cars in which humans ride as passengers, Still, the technology that will be rolled out by the major automakers this year will do more than most so-called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, do now. GM’s Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel while driving on selected highways. It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6 sedan, which was discontinued last year. An improved version is coming this year on the Cadillac Escalade SUV and the Cadillac CT 4 and CT5 sedans. Super Cruise only works on highways that have been previously laser-mapped in three dimensions. GPS positioning and the vehicles, radar sensors and cameras are used to enable drivers to unhand — and unfoot — all the controls. Drivers still need to pay attention, however. A camera in the car makes sure the driver is looking at the road at all times. If the driver looks away from the road for more than a few seconds, the system will stop working. 1．At present, what can the self-driving cars do? A．They can drive freely on city streets. B．They can run without human drivers. C．They handle complex road conditions on their own. D．They allow drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel. 2．What can we infer from the words of Kay Stepper? A．People need to trust new technology. B．People still need to pay attention. C．People can look away from the road. D．People can’t unhand all the controls. 3．What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A．GM’s Super Cruise system. B．GM’s latest car models. C．GM’s development plan. D．GM’s close competitors. Buying furniture is easier than ever. You can even order a new table and chairs online without ever leaving home. But did you ever think about how furniture is made? The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing it in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation (砍伐森林), Velásquez-Garcia said. “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.” The research group found a way to actually grow plant tissue (组织) — wood and fiber — in a lab that is similar to the way cultured meat is grown. While there is still a long way to actually grow a table. The team was able to grow structures from cells from zinnia leaves. Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests. “The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” said Velásquez-Garcia. “This is a real chance to avoid all that inefficiency.” There are other benefits to using lab wood too. Lab grown wood can be handled to take on any shape — like 3D printing — so it may be possible to build a table without glue or screwing parts together. Beckwith, a mechanical engineering PhD student, was inspired by a visit to a farm to try to make land-use more efficient and environmentally sound. “That got me thinking: Can we be more strategic about what we’re getting out of our process? Can we get more outputs for our inputs?” she told MIT News. “I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity.” Today, the two largest uses of trees are to make wood products and paper. When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value. These researchers, like Velásquez-Garcia, are speaking for the trees. 1．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Risk. B．Fancy. C．Remove. D．Delay. 2．What is the purpose of Beckwith’s growing furniture? A．To make large profits. B．To keep biodiversity. C．To increase production. D．To use wild resources. 3．What’s the key to protecting forests? A．Wide use of new biomaterials. B．Less use of wood products and paper. C．Making effective forest laws. D．Caring more for the environment. 4．What can we learn about growing furniture from the passage? A．It turns out to be convenient. B．It’ll cut down daily expense. C．It might have a bright future. D．It’s as important as making furniture. Scrat, the famous squirrel in Ice Age, is small with brown fur and big, determined eyes. Though he rarely speaks, his silly, stubborn efforts make him a lovely, unforgettable part of the movie. And now, Salto the robot is acting a bit squirrelly. It can take a flying leap and land on a narrow pipe, just like a squirrel soaring from branch to branch. It’s the first time scientists have been able to get a robot to land—and balance on such a tiny target. “We’ve been inspired by squirrels,” says Justin Yim, an engineer who worked on the project at the University of California, Berkeley. The Salto team reported its new results on March 19th in Science Robotics. As nature’s acrobats (杂技演员), squirrels’ secret is exceptional balance. Their ability to maintain dynamic balance in complex 3D environments never fails to astonish engineers. High-speed camera photos reveal the movement control squirrels exhibit when making 1.5-meter jumps — equal to a human leaping over a 10-meter distance. If their jump falls short, they reduce leg force and use their swinging tail to create inertial momentum (惯性动量), correcting their track. If they overjump, they increase leg force to regain balance quickly. During landing, their front limbs (肢) absorb 86% of the impact force, while their hind limbs immediately adjust their grasping angle, allowing them to stay balanced even on the thinnest branches. In test jumps in the lab, Salto leapt from one plastic pipe to another. It successfully did this 25 times out of 30. “There’s lots of room for improvement,” Yim says. Still, Yim envisions future robots that are even more flexible than Salto. But Salto will need many more branches to catch up to its bushy-tailed brothers, Yim says, “The robot definitely has a long way ahead of it yet.” 1．Why is Scrat mentioned in the beginning? A．To show the popularity of the movie. B．To introduce squirrels’ eating habits. C．To arouse readers’ interest in the topic. D．To list the differences among robots. 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A．Overjumping is a common mistake for squirrels. B．Squirrels demonstrate a high level of flexibility. C．Animals’ tails are more important than their limbs. D．Squirrels are trained to finish a 10-meter-long jump. 3．What does the underlined phrase “bushy-tailed brothers” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Real squirrels. B．Robots of better quality. C．Beloved movie characters. D．Other species with tails. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Environment Inspires New Generation of Robots. B．Nature’s Wisdom Turns into Engineering Breakthrough. C．University Research Has Drawn Worldwide Attention. D．Many Lab Failures Finally Find Their Rewarding Results. Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App. But some worry that so much messaging leads to less communication. For instance, when hanging out with friends, we’d be texting secretively at the same time, pretending to maintain eye contact but mentally somewhere else. New technologies often upset the way we relate to one another, of course. But such division caused by texting have a strong echo in the arguments we had over telephone a hundred years ago. The small device gave us a new way to contact one another and quickly promote new forms of socializing. Callers arranged regular “visiting” calls, dialing remote family to catch up on news. Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly (果冻) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897. However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful. Michéle Martin of Carleton University, thinks we’re living through a replay of the telephone, where the things that made it valuable — instant communications — are the same that made it annoying. “People believe they are liberated because they can bring the mobile phone everywhere,” Martin says. “But at the same time, they are slaves to it.” 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To describe a scene. C．To offer an argument. D．To issue a warning. 2．According to paragraph 4, what does telephone use cause? A．People experience very tight schedule. B．People tend to lack individuality. C．People become narrow and uninformed. D．People lose the ability to reflect. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．Telephone calls are particularly welcomed in dating. B．Teenagers are addicted to communicating by texting. C．The shift to texting is destructive to face-to-face time. D．The meaning of communication goes beyond medium. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before! B．Gone with the Wind, Dear Texting! C．Life is Too Short for So Many Texting. D．Oh, Telephone, a Tale of Two Sides. 重难语篇提升练 Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history — one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 1．What is the article mainly about? A．Yang’s lifelong contributions to China. B．Yang’s research on elementary particles. C．Yang’s influence on global science policy. D．Yang’s educational background in America. 2．Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant? A．It focused on political dialogue. B．It promoted cultural activities in China. C．It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China. D．It initiated academic exchanges with the US. 3．What did Yang do for Chinese scholars? A．He funded their advanced studies abroad. B．He helped them win international awards. C．He taught them advanced physics personally. D．He offered them jobs in American universities. 4．How does the author view Yang’s contributions? A．It is primarily for Chinese scientists. B．It belongs to the whole world. C．It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement. D．It is mainly about educational reform. In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send messages. Communicating in these regions is easier said than done, as the extreme sub-zero temperatures often limit equipment with high energy demands. To solve this issue, scientists have pioneered a plan to introduce frozen bubbles messages as a new method of communication. And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity, said Mengjie Song, an expert in thermodynamics (热力学) at the Beijing Institute of Technology and one of the lead authors of the new study published in the scientific journal Cell Reports Physical Science. “It is a totally new method for humans to record information,” Dr. Song said. He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code (莫尔斯电码), which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. Researchers acknowledged, however, that much more work would have to be done to make such applications feasible. This foundational breakthrough opens up a range of potential practical uses. For instance, it could be used to help create more accurate models for de-icing power lines, airplanes and high- speed trains. A clearer grasp of how ice bubbles form could also help scientists better understand the thermal and mechanical properties of bricks made from lunar soil. Trained to recognize patterns in ice bubbles, artificial intelligence (AI) could help study glaciers for clues about past climate patterns, or identify potential deposits (矿床) of natural gas. Ice is an ancient substance that is found in every aspect of our lives. More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. “We can not only make a message, but we can know the message inside it,” Dr. Song said. Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. “Science often works this way,” he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst. 1．What does the underlined word “frivolity” in paragraph 2 mean? A．An untested theory. B．A conventional practice. C．A tough challenge. D．A meaningless behavior. 2．What do we know about ice bubbles from the text? A．Their shapes can be processed to record information. B．Their formation helps in developing de-icing models. C．They are studied to improve lunar soil brick properties. D．Their patterns help AI to confirm existing natural gas deposits. 3．What can we infer from “Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst” in paragraph 4? A．Some ice bubbles may exist permanently. B．The new research may have lasting value. C．Ice bubbles would replace text messages. D．Science relies on ice bubbles to prove key facts. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Ice Bubbles for Arctic Communication B．Morse Code: Ice Bubble Translation Tool C．Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues D．Ice Bubbles and Practical Solutions 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题：科学技术与科学家 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and adopt technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate (吸收) technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Speed of learning new languages. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Ability to apply new technologies. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who seldom uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．According to the text, what is the future trend of TQ? A．It will replace the importance of IQ and EQ. B．It will combine with IQ and EQ to reshape our lives. C．It will become a basic human need like food and water. D．It will only be necessary for people working in tech fields. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? B．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? C．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? D．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科技时代下TQ（科技商数）的定义、重要性及未来发展趋势。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(他们有一种叫做TQ，或者科技商数的东西。它就像一种理解最新科技产品的超能力，我们的曾祖父母会觉得这真的不可能。拥有高TQ意味着你很擅长使用所有那些别人还不知道的酷炫新事物)”可知，TQ指的是应用新技术的能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(拥有高TQ意味着你非常擅长使用那些还不是人人都知道的新奇事物)”和第三段中“For the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan.(对于临床医生来说，这可能是人工智能在支持CT扫描分析中的作用)”可知，使用人工智能分析CT扫描的医生拥有高TQ。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge.(随着TQ的提高，它将与智商和情商相结合，重塑我们的生活、工作和学习方式——将科技适应能力转化为一种可衡量的优势)”可知，TQ将与智商和情商相结合，重塑我们的生活。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us?(新时代需要新的词汇。当所有的手机都是移动的，或者当它们被植入我们体内时，我们还会谈论“移动”电话吗？)”以及最后一段“While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge.(虽然这种转变带来了挑战，但它是不可阻挡的。随着TQ的提高，它将与IQ和EQ相结合，重塑我们的生活、工作和学习方式——将技术适应能力转化为可衡量的优势。)”可知，文章主要讨论了科技商数（TQ）成为新时代衡量人们利用和适应新技术能力的新标准，且TQ将与IQ和EQ共同重塑生活、工作和学习方式。由此可知，“What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?(是什么让TQ成为新的智能？)”作为标题最合适。故选A。 Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (化工机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic (原子的) energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 1．What does the author suggest in the first paragraph? A．Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power. B．Peng was actually a very modest person. C．Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants. D．Peng was the most vital figure in the nuclear field. 2．What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean? A．Focus on. B．Know about. C．Turn to. D．Research into. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By following the time order. B．By showing the great importance. C．By providing some similar examples. D．By explaining the process of research. 4．Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A．A National Celebration for a Nuclear Scientist B．Peng Shilu’s Work on Nuclear Submarines and Plants C．The Nation’s Mourning for a Nuclear Expert D．A Lifetime of Devotion to China’s Nuclear Power 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄院士的生平事迹和重要贡献 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. (尽管彭是中国核电工业的奠基人之一，但他说自己在这项任务中发挥的作用很小)”可推知，彭士禄院士是一个非常谦虚的人。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (化工机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1952, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. (彭被选派到苏联学习化工机械。1952年，当他即将毕业时，他面临着人生的转折点)”和下文“the atomic (原子的) energy major (原子能专业)”可知，彭面临的转折点是放弃自己原来的专业，改学原子能专业，turn to表示“转向”，与划线部分意义一致。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段引出文章的主题，再结合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. (彭于1925年出生在一个英雄家庭)”、“In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. (1956年，当他即将毕业时，他面临着人生的转折点)”、第三段中“In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. (1958年，中国开始独立研制自己的核潜艇，彭被任命负责核动力推进系统的研究和设计。在20世纪80年代，中国决定建造一座商业核电站)”、第四段中“In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (1994年他当选为中国工程院院士)”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 (彭于2021年3月22日在北京去世)”可推知，文章按照时间顺序讲述彭士禄院士的生平。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. (事实上，从第一代核潜艇到大亚湾和秦山核电站的建设，他在中国早期的大部分核电项目中都担任领导职务)”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. (中共中央宣传部授予他“时代楷模”称号，以表彰他的贡献)”可知，文章讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄的事迹，尤其体现了彭士禄为祖国发展所做的贡献。由此可知，D项“毕生奉献中国核能事业”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons. After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one. Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trials, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne. Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (飞行器) , such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. 1．What do we know about Mary? A．She attended school while helping with farm work. B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C．She changed her working focus because her country’s demand changed. D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. 2．What was Mary doing after the war ended? A．Analyzing chemicals. B．Producing explosives. C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft. 3．What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA? A．Her special knowledge in fuels. B．Her rank as an engineer. C．Her discovery of Hydyne. D．Her sense of national pride 4．Which of the following words can describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A．Caring and determined. B．Intelligent and skillful. C．Courageous but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Mary Sherman Morgan的生平，她从农场女孩成长为化学分析师，后因战争需求转行，最终在航空领域取得重大成就的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists.(第二次世界大战的爆发导致了全国化学家和科学家的短缺。)”和第三段“After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics(战争结束后，炸药的需求出现下滑，于是她转向了航空领域)”可知，Mary的工作重点从化学家转向了航空领域，是因为国家的需求发生了变化。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines.(战争结束后，炸药的需求出现下滑，于是她转向了航空领域，移居加利福尼亚为北美航空公司（NAA）效力。作为 900 名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快得到晋升，负责计算火箭推进剂的性能，并为不同发动机设计专用燃料。)”可知，战后Mary在设计和制造飞行器。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA被委以寻找一种能够将重新设计的红石导弹送入太空的燃料时，摩根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。)”可知，Mary在推进剂方面的特殊知识使她成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident.(意识到自己的聪明，她从Ray逃走，进入Minot州立大学主修化学，在那里她的技能很明显。)”可知，Mary是一个聪明且有技能的人。故选B。 A wheeled robot rolls across the floor. A soft-bodied robotic star bends its five legs, moving awkwardly. Powered by conventional electricity, these simple robotic creations would be ordinary, but what sets these two robots apart is that they are controlled by a living organism: a king oyster mushroom. By growing the mushroom’s mycelium (菌丝体) into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the fungus (真菌) and its sensitivity to light. The robots are the latest accomplishment of scientists in a field known as biohybrid (生物混合的) robotics which seek to combine biological, living materials such as plant and animal cells or insects with synthetic components to make partly living and partly engineered robots. Biohybrid robots have yet to go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day they may explore oceans or search for survivors after an earthquake. “Biohybridization is an attempt to find components in the biological world that we can use, understand, and control to help our artificial systems work better,” said Robert Shepherd, a professor at Cornell University who leads the Organic Robotics Lab. Fungi can be cultivated in large quantities and thrive in many different environments. Fungi may have advantages over other biohybrid approaches in terms of the conditions required to keep them alive. This could make them an excellent candidate for biohybrid robots for applications in agriculture and marine exploration. The lab has produced more than 30 sensing and computing devices using live fungi. However, some experts show their concerns that if biohybrid robots become more complex and are applied in the ocean or other ecosystems, it could disturb the habitats, challenging the traditional distinction between life and machine. Currently, this research hasn’t raised ethical questions, but if it continues to develop, it’s vital to consider the consequences of releasing them in the open. 1．What can we learn about biohybrid robots from the first two paragraphs? A．They are controlled by human cells. B．They are applied to rescue operations. C．They may be sensitive to electrical signals. D．They may have many practical applications. 2．Why are fungi used for biohybrid robots? A．They are in large numbers. B．They respond to the environment quickly. C．They are readily available. D．They can survive in different environments. 3．What is the potential problem with biohybrid robots? A．Damaging ecosystems. B．Confusing humans with machines. C．Losing control. D．Replacing humans on certain jobs. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To warn about the risks of biohybrid robots. B．To present the concept of biohybrid robots. C．To introduce the new development of robots. D．To question the benefits of engineered robots 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种由真菌控制的生物混合机器人的新发展，包括其原理、潜在应用和可能存在的问题。 1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Biohybrid robots have yet to go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day they may explore oceans or search for survivors after an earthquake. (生物混合机器人尚未走出实验室，但研究人员希望有一天它们能探索海洋或在地震后搜寻幸存者)”可推知，这种机器人未来可能有许多实际的应用。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Fungi can be cultivated in large quantities and thrive in many different environments. Fungi may have advantages over other biohybrid approaches in terms of the conditions required to keep them alive. This could make them an excellent candidate for biohybrid robots for applications in agriculture and marine exploration.(真菌可以大量种植，并在许多不同的环境中茁壮成长。就维持真菌存活所需的条件而言，真菌可能比其他生物杂交方法有优势。这可能使它们成为应用于农业和海洋勘探的生物混合机器人的绝佳候选者。)”可知，真菌被用于生物混合机器人是因为它们能在不同环境中生存。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, some experts show their concerns that if biohybrid robots become more complex and are applied in the ocean or other ecosystems, it could disturb the habitats, challenging the traditional distinction between life and machine.(然而，一些专家担心，如果生物混合机器人变得更加复杂，并应用于海洋或其他生态系统，它可能会扰乱栖息地，挑战生命和机器之间的传统区别。)”可知，生物混合机器人潜在的问题是可能破坏生态系统。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“By growing the mushroom’s mycelium into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the fungus and its sensitivity to light. The robots are the latest accomplishment of scientists in a field known as biohybrid robotics which seek to combine biological, living materials such as plant and animal cells or insects with synthetic components to make partly living and partly engineered robots. Biohybrid robots have yet to go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day they may explore oceans or search for survivors after an earthquake.(通过将蘑菇的菌丝体植入机器人的硬件中，康奈尔大学的研究人员领导的一个团队设计出了两种类型的机器人，它们通过真菌发出的电信号及其对光的敏感性来感知和响应环境。这些机器人是科学家在生物混合机器人领域取得的最新成就，该领域寻求将生物、如植物、动物细胞或昆虫这样的生物材料与合成成分结合起来，制造部分有生命、部分工程的机器人。生物混合机器人还没有走出实验室，但研究人员希望有一天它们可以探索海洋或在地震后搜寻幸存者。)”推知，文章的主要目的是介绍机器人领域的新发展。故选C。 This year, new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel (方向盘) while on the road. But that doesn’t mean their cars will be fully self-driving — that day still remains far in the future. Automakers like General Motors (GM), Ford and Stellantis are introducing, or upgrading existing technologies. But in the words of Kay Stepper, an automated driving expert, these systems are “feet off” and “hands off”, but they will not be “eyes off” or “mind off”. For the time being, these systems will only be used on limited-access highways, where there are no pedestrians or bicyclists. Vehicles with this technology will be able to drive at relatively high speeds, but only in simple traffic situations. Bryan Reimer, a researcher with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Age Lab, said it will be decades before people can buy truly-self-driving cars in which humans ride as passengers, Still, the technology that will be rolled out by the major automakers this year will do more than most so-called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, do now. GM’s Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel while driving on selected highways. It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6 sedan, which was discontinued last year. An improved version is coming this year on the Cadillac Escalade SUV and the Cadillac CT 4 and CT5 sedans. Super Cruise only works on highways that have been previously laser-mapped in three dimensions. GPS positioning and the vehicles, radar sensors and cameras are used to enable drivers to unhand — and unfoot — all the controls. Drivers still need to pay attention, however. A camera in the car makes sure the driver is looking at the road at all times. If the driver looks away from the road for more than a few seconds, the system will stop working. 1．At present, what can the self-driving cars do? A．They can drive freely on city streets. B．They can run without human drivers. C．They handle complex road conditions on their own. D．They allow drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel. 2．What can we infer from the words of Kay Stepper? A．People need to trust new technology. B．People still need to pay attention. C．People can look away from the road. D．People can’t unhand all the controls. 3．What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A．GM’s Super Cruise system. B．GM’s latest car models. C．GM’s development plan. D．GM’s close competitors. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年各大汽车制造商将推出的自动驾驶技术，这些技术允许司机在某些情况下松开双手，但仍需保持注意力集中，且目前这些技术主要适用于高速公路等简单交通环境。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year, new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel (方向盘) while on the road.(今年，新技术将使更多的司机能够在行驶时松开方向盘)”可知，目前的自动驾驶汽车允许司机松开方向盘。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But in the words of Kay Stepper, an automated driving expert, these systems are “feet off” and “hands off”, but they will not be “eyes off” or “mind off”.(但正如自动驾驶专家凯·斯蒂珀所说，这些系统是“脚松开”和“手松开”，但它们不会“眼睛离开”或“大脑离开”)”可知，Kay Stepper暗示人们在使用这些系统时，虽然手脚可以松开，但眼睛和大脑仍需保持专注，即人们仍需保持注意力。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第六段“GM’s Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel while driving on selected highways. It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6 sedan, which was discontinued last year. An improved version is coming this year on the Cadillac Escalade SUV and the Cadillac CT 4 and CT5 sedans.(通用的超级巡航系统允许司机在选定的高速公路上完全松开方向盘。该系统于2017年首次在凯迪拉克CT6轿车上推出，该车型已于去年停产。今年，凯迪拉克Escalade SUV以及凯迪拉克CT4和CT5轿车将推出改进版)”可知，本段主要介绍了通用的超级巡航系统，包括其功能、首次推出的车型以及即将推出的改进版车型。故选A项。 Buying furniture is easier than ever. You can even order a new table and chairs online without ever leaving home. But did you ever think about how furniture is made? The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing it in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation (砍伐森林), Velásquez-Garcia said. “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.” The research group found a way to actually grow plant tissue (组织) — wood and fiber — in a lab that is similar to the way cultured meat is grown. While there is still a long way to actually grow a table. The team was able to grow structures from cells from zinnia leaves. Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests. “The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” said Velásquez-Garcia. “This is a real chance to avoid all that inefficiency.” There are other benefits to using lab wood too. Lab grown wood can be handled to take on any shape — like 3D printing — so it may be possible to build a table without glue or screwing parts together. Beckwith, a mechanical engineering PhD student, was inspired by a visit to a farm to try to make land-use more efficient and environmentally sound. “That got me thinking: Can we be more strategic about what we’re getting out of our process? Can we get more outputs for our inputs?” she told MIT News. “I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity.” Today, the two largest uses of trees are to make wood products and paper. When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value. These researchers, like Velásquez-Garcia, are speaking for the trees. 1．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Risk. B．Fancy. C．Remove. D．Delay. 2．What is the purpose of Beckwith’s growing furniture? A．To make large profits. B．To keep biodiversity. C．To increase production. D．To use wild resources. 3．What’s the key to protecting forests? A．Wide use of new biomaterials. B．Less use of wood products and paper. C．Making effective forest laws. D．Caring more for the environment. 4．What can we learn about growing furniture from the passage? A．It turns out to be convenient. B．It’ll cut down daily expense. C．It might have a bright future. D．It’s as important as making furniture. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法和这一发现可能产生的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The research group found a way to actually grow plant tissue (组织) — wood and fiber — in a lab that is similar to the way cultured meat is grown. (该研究小组发现了一种在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法，这与培育肉类的方法类似)”和划线句“Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests.(用生物材料制作家具和其他物品可以eliminate砍伐森林中的树木)”可知，科学家发现在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法。由此可知，用这种方法来制作家具和其他物品可以消除对森林的砍伐。由此推知，划线词eliminate与remove意思相近，指“去除，排除”。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中Beckwith的话“I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity..(我想找到一种更有效的方式来利用土地和资源，这样我们就可以让更多的农田保持野生状态，或者保持低产量，但同时允许更大的生物多样性)”可知，Beckwith种植家具的目的是保持生物多样性。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value.(当新的生物材料变得唾手可得时，森林将失去其经济价值，并将因其环境、健康和娱乐价值而得到保护)”可推知，保护森林的关键是新型生物材料的广泛应用。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing it in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation (砍伐森林), Velásquez- Garcia said. “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.”(这个过程从树木开始，但现在研究人员发现了一种更好的方法：在实验室而不是森林中种植。Velasquez-Garcia说：“如果你想要一张桌子，那么你应该种一张桌子，而不是砍伐树木和增加森林砍伐。”)”可推知，种植家具更环保，是更好的选择，可能会有一个光明的未来。故选C项。 Scrat, the famous squirrel in Ice Age, is small with brown fur and big, determined eyes. Though he rarely speaks, his silly, stubborn efforts make him a lovely, unforgettable part of the movie. And now, Salto the robot is acting a bit squirrelly. It can take a flying leap and land on a narrow pipe, just like a squirrel soaring from branch to branch. It’s the first time scientists have been able to get a robot to land—and balance on such a tiny target. “We’ve been inspired by squirrels,” says Justin Yim, an engineer who worked on the project at the University of California, Berkeley. The Salto team reported its new results on March 19th in Science Robotics. As nature’s acrobats (杂技演员), squirrels’ secret is exceptional balance. Their ability to maintain dynamic balance in complex 3D environments never fails to astonish engineers. High-speed camera photos reveal the movement control squirrels exhibit when making 1.5-meter jumps — equal to a human leaping over a 10-meter distance. If their jump falls short, they reduce leg force and use their swinging tail to create inertial momentum (惯性动量), correcting their track. If they overjump, they increase leg force to regain balance quickly. During landing, their front limbs (肢) absorb 86% of the impact force, while their hind limbs immediately adjust their grasping angle, allowing them to stay balanced even on the thinnest branches. In test jumps in the lab, Salto leapt from one plastic pipe to another. It successfully did this 25 times out of 30. “There’s lots of room for improvement,” Yim says. Still, Yim envisions future robots that are even more flexible than Salto. But Salto will need many more branches to catch up to its bushy-tailed brothers, Yim says, “The robot definitely has a long way ahead of it yet.” 1．Why is Scrat mentioned in the beginning? A．To show the popularity of the movie. B．To introduce squirrels’ eating habits. C．To arouse readers’ interest in the topic. D．To list the differences among robots. 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A．Overjumping is a common mistake for squirrels. B．Squirrels demonstrate a high level of flexibility. C．Animals’ tails are more important than their limbs. D．Squirrels are trained to finish a 10-meter-long jump. 3．What does the underlined phrase “bushy-tailed brothers” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Real squirrels. B．Robots of better quality. C．Beloved movie characters. D．Other species with tails. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Environment Inspires New Generation of Robots. B．Nature’s Wisdom Turns into Engineering Breakthrough. C．University Research Has Drawn Worldwide Attention. D．Many Lab Failures Finally Find Their Rewarding Results. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家受松鼠启发研发出能像松鼠一样跳跃和平衡的机器人Salto，但Salto仍有很大进步空间。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scrat, the famous squirrel in Ice Age, is small with brown fur and big, determined eyes. Though he rarely speaks, his silly, stubborn efforts make him a lovely, unforgettable part of the movie.(冰河世纪里著名的松鼠Scrat，体型小，棕色的毛，眼睛大而坚定。虽然他很少说话，但他愚蠢而固执的努力使他成为电影中可爱而难忘的一部分。)”以及第二段“And now, Salto the robot is acting a bit squirrelly.(现在，机器人Salto的行为有点像松鼠。)”可知，文章开头提到Scrat是为了引出下文关于像松鼠一样的机器人Salto的话题，从而引起读者兴趣。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“As nature’s acrobats (杂技演员), squirrels’ secret is exceptional balance. Their ability to maintain dynamic balance in complex 3D environments never fails to astonish engineers. High-speed camera photos reveal the movement control squirrels exhibit when making 1.5-meter jumps — equal to a human leaping over a 10-meter distance. If their jump falls short, they reduce leg force and use their swinging tail to create inertial momentum (惯性动量), correcting their track. If they overjump, they increase leg force to regain balance quickly. During landing, their front limbs (肢) absorb 86% of the impact force, while their hind limbs immediately adjust their grasping angle, allowing them to stay balanced even on the thinnest branches.(作为大自然的杂技演员，松鼠的秘密在于非凡的平衡能力。它们在复杂的三维环境中保持动态平衡的能力总是让工程师们惊叹不已。高速摄像机拍摄的照片显示，松鼠在跳跃1.5米时所表现出的运动控制能力，相当于人类跳跃10米的距离。如果它们的跳跃距离不够，它们会减少腿部力量，并利用摆动的尾巴产生惯性动量，纠正它们的轨迹。如果它们跳得太远，它们会增加腿部力量以迅速恢复平衡。在着陆时，它们的前肢吸收86%的冲击力，而后肢立即调整抓握角度，使它们即使在最细的树枝上也能保持平衡。)”可知，松鼠展示了高水平的灵活性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“But Salto will need many more branches to catch up to its bushy-tailed brothers, Yim says, “The robot definitely has a long way ahead of it yet.”(但Yim说，Salto还需要更多的树枝才能赶上它的bushy-tailed brothers，“这个机器人肯定还有很长的路要走。”)”可知，Salto是机器人，而bushy-tailed brothers指的是真正的松鼠，因为松鼠有蓬松的尾巴。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中““We’ve been inspired by squirrels,” says Justin Yim, an engineer who worked on the project at the University of California, Berkeley. The Salto team reported its new results on March 19th in Science Robotics.(“我们受到了松鼠的启发，”加州大学伯克利分校参与该项目的工程师Justin Yim说。Salto团队于3月19日在《科学机器人学》杂志上报道了他们的新成果。)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家受松鼠启发研发出能像松鼠一样跳跃和平衡的机器人Salto，但Salto仍有很大进步空间。所以B选项“Nature’s Wisdom Turns into Engineering Breakthrough.(大自然的智慧转化为工程突破。)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App. But some worry that so much messaging leads to less communication. For instance, when hanging out with friends, we’d be texting secretively at the same time, pretending to maintain eye contact but mentally somewhere else. New technologies often upset the way we relate to one another, of course. But such division caused by texting have a strong echo in the arguments we had over telephone a hundred years ago. The small device gave us a new way to contact one another and quickly promote new forms of socializing. Callers arranged regular “visiting” calls, dialing remote family to catch up on news. Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly (果冻) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897. However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful. Michéle Martin of Carleton University, thinks we’re living through a replay of the telephone, where the things that made it valuable — instant communications — are the same that made it annoying. “People believe they are liberated because they can bring the mobile phone everywhere,” Martin says. “But at the same time, they are slaves to it.” 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To describe a scene. C．To offer an argument. D．To issue a warning. 2．According to paragraph 4, what does telephone use cause? A．People experience very tight schedule. B．People tend to lack individuality. C．People become narrow and uninformed. D．People lose the ability to reflect. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．Telephone calls are particularly welcomed in dating. B．Teenagers are addicted to communicating by texting. C．The shift to texting is destructive to face-to-face time. D．The meaning of communication goes beyond medium. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before! B．Gone with the Wind, Dear Texting! C．Life is Too Short for So Many Texting. D．Oh, Telephone, a Tale of Two Sides. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了短信交流是否导致人与人之间疏远，通过对比短信与电话交流的影响来探讨这一问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App.(短信正在让我们疏远吗？如今，我们经常用拇指互相交谈——每天发送60亿条短信，而在Whats App等服务上可能还会多发送几十亿条。)”可知，第一段通过提出“短信是否让我们疏远”的问题，并给出当前短信发送量的数据，来引出文章要讨论的主题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“ Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly ( 果冻 ) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897.(然而不久之后，社会评论家们认为，仅仅通过通话就能交流得如此顺畅，以至于我们根本无法独处片刻。还有人担心电话会加快生活节奏，要求人们立即做出反应。电话的使用几乎没有给人们留下思考的空间。它让日常生活中原本平凡的事情变得混乱不堪，这不利于家庭的幸福。“我们很快就会变成彼此透明的果冻般的存在了。”1897 年，一位伦敦作家如此哀叹道。)”可知，文章第四段提到，反对电话的人认为，电话使得人们交流过于便捷，会让人失去独处的时间，还会加速生活节奏，要求人们即时回应，且缺乏思考空间，甚至认为这会让人们在日常事务中变得 “疯狂”，一位伦敦作家还抱怨 “我们很快会变成彼此面前透明的果冻”，暗示人们会因电话失去个性和隐私。A 选项 “日程紧张” 并非原文强调的核心问题；C 选项 “视野狭窄、信息闭塞” 与电话促进沟通的特点相悖；D 选项 “失去思考能力” 原文表述为 “缺乏思考空间（gave little room for reflection）”，并非 “失去思考能力”，表述不准确，故 B 选项正确。电话的使用导致人们往往缺乏个性。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful.(但如今，打电话反而像是回到了更温和的旧时光。爱荷华大学的传播学教授珍娜・伯奇曾和一个坚持打电话联系她的人约会，她觉得这种方式温暖又愉快。因此她认为，转向短信交流并没有降低我们互动的质量。根据她的研究，发短信最多的青少年，也是和朋友面对面相处时间最长的群体。看来，沟通只会带来更多沟通——而且正如她所说，不能仅仅因为交流是通过短信进行的，就否定它的意义。)”可知，沟通的意义超越了媒介本身。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先提出短信是否导致人与人之间疏远的问题，然后通过对比短信与电话交流的影响，指出新技术往往会改变我们彼此相处的方式，但短信交流并不一定意味着沟通没有意义。文章最后提到，我们正在经历电话时代的重演，其中使电话有价值的东西——即时通讯——也是使它令人讨厌的东西。因此，A选项“Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before!(天哪！我们以前来过这里！)”最符合文章主旨，既表达了短信与电话交流影响的相似性，又带有一种对历史重演的感慨，适合用作标题。故选A。 重难语篇提升练 Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history — one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 1．What is the article mainly about? A．Yang’s lifelong contributions to China. B．Yang’s research on elementary particles. C．Yang’s influence on global science policy. D．Yang’s educational background in America. 2．Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant? A．It focused on political dialogue. B．It promoted cultural activities in China. C．It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China. D．It initiated academic exchanges with the US. 3．What did Yang do for Chinese scholars? A．He funded their advanced studies abroad. B．He helped them win international awards. C．He taught them advanced physics personally. D．He offered them jobs in American universities. 4．How does the author view Yang’s contributions? A．It is primarily for Chinese scientists. B．It belongs to the whole world. C．It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement. D．It is mainly about educational reform. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了诺贝尔奖得主物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹及其对中外科学界与教育事业作出的卓越贡献。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中心句“Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments.(杨教授对祖国深怀热爱，为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献。)”和第五段中心句“After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. (1999年回到清华大学后，他把发展高等研究院作为自己的新使命。)”可知，文章重点展现杨振宁教授毕生对祖国的奉献。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States.(1971年，他对中国的访问引发了一波海外学者的访问浪潮，他被公认为建立中美学术交流桥梁的先驱。)”可知，此次访问开创了中美学术交流。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“ He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States.(他还筹集资金成立了“中美教育交流委员会”，该委员会已连续资助了近100名中国学者前往美国深造)”可知，他为学者提供海外研修资助。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据末段作者评价“Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history—one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators.(杨教授的一生是人类历史上永恒的篇章，不仅为中国，也为全球的思想家和创新者闪耀着光辉。)”可知，其贡献具有世界意义。故选B。 In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send messages. Communicating in these regions is easier said than done, as the extreme sub-zero temperatures often limit equipment with high energy demands. To solve this issue, scientists have pioneered a plan to introduce frozen bubbles messages as a new method of communication. And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity, said Mengjie Song, an expert in thermodynamics (热力学) at the Beijing Institute of Technology and one of the lead authors of the new study published in the scientific journal Cell Reports Physical Science. “It is a totally new method for humans to record information,” Dr. Song said. He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code (莫尔斯电码), which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. Researchers acknowledged, however, that much more work would have to be done to make such applications feasible. This foundational breakthrough opens up a range of potential practical uses. For instance, it could be used to help create more accurate models for de-icing power lines, airplanes and high- speed trains. A clearer grasp of how ice bubbles form could also help scientists better understand the thermal and mechanical properties of bricks made from lunar soil. Trained to recognize patterns in ice bubbles, artificial intelligence (AI) could help study glaciers for clues about past climate patterns, or identify potential deposits (矿床) of natural gas. Ice is an ancient substance that is found in every aspect of our lives. More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. “We can not only make a message, but we can know the message inside it,” Dr. Song said. Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. “Science often works this way,” he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst. 1．What does the underlined word “frivolity” in paragraph 2 mean? A．An untested theory. B．A conventional practice. C．A tough challenge. D．A meaningless behavior. 2．What do we know about ice bubbles from the text? A．Their shapes can be processed to record information. B．Their formation helps in developing de-icing models. C．They are studied to improve lunar soil brick properties. D．Their patterns help AI to confirm existing natural gas deposits. 3．What can we infer from “Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst” in paragraph 4? A．Some ice bubbles may exist permanently. B．The new research may have lasting value. C．Ice bubbles would replace text messages. D．Science relies on ice bubbles to prove key facts. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Ice Bubbles for Arctic Communication B．Morse Code: Ice Bubble Translation Tool C．Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues D．Ice Bubbles and Practical Solutions 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰泡传递信息的新方法及其多种潜在价值与意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“‘It is a totally new method for humans to record information,’ Dr. Song said. (宋博士说：‘这是一种全新的人类记录信息的方法。’)”可知，利用冰泡记录信息是一种全新的方法，不是无意义的行为，故可推测出“And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity”想表达的是“这个想法并非一种无意义的行为”，所以“frivolity”意为“无意义的行为”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code, which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. (他和他的同事发现，他们可以在冰原中产生不同形状的气泡。这些形状可以变成莫尔斯电码，它依赖于破折号和圆点。摄像机捕捉到了形状的顺序，随后由计算机处理并翻译成英文字母和阿拉伯数字。)”可知，冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. ‘Science often works this way,’ he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst. (虽然冰泡可能不会取代短信，但新发现很重要。‘科学经常这样运作，’他说。也许，并不是所有的泡沫都注定会破裂。)”且全文强调该研究的潜在应用价值(如除冰、气候研究等)可推测出，最后一句“Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst”用比喻手法暗示这项新研究并非转瞬即逝，可能具有持久的价值。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send messages. (在北极和南极的严寒中，冰中的气泡可能成为发送信息的理想方式。)”以及最后一段中“More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. (更具体地说，冰泡已经被认为包含了它们形成时存在的大气条件的线索。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家发现冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息，以及冰泡可能带来的实际应用和价值，所以C选项“Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues (冰泡：信息和线索)”全面涵盖核心内容，贴合主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $