Unit 7 Natural Disasters（A卷·考点梳理卷）-《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023版）《同步单元AB卷》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：本套【山西专用】《同步单元 AB 卷》紧扣《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点，并紧密贴合山西省真题题型。A卷为考点梳理卷，侧重考点分层突破；B卷为单元测试卷，强化综合能力检测，助力师生高效把握区域教学重点，提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 本卷是Unit 7 Natural Disasters的考点梳理卷，主要考查语音、词汇、词组、句型、情景交际功能话题和语法。 Unit 7 Natural Disasters A卷·考点梳理卷 考试时间：40分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 【考点一：重点词汇】 短语翻译1-5题（每小题2分，共10分） 短语翻译 1-5题 （每小题2分，共10分） 1.热浪_______ 2.酸雨________ 3.做出改变 ________ 4.电动汽车________ 5.和某人讨论________ 【答案】1.Heat waves 2.acid rain3.make a change 4. electric car 5.discuss with sb. 单词填空6-15题（每小题3分，共30分） 6.A strong ________ (台风) hit the coastal city last night, causing many trees to fall and roads to be blocked.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】typhoon​ 【详解】考查名词。句意：昨晚一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市，导致许多树木倒塌、道路堵塞。根据汉语提示 “台风” 可知，此处应用名词 typhoon 作主语；空前有不定冠词 a 修饰，故用单数形式。故填 typhoon。​ 7.The long period of no rain has led to a serious ________ (干旱) in the northern part of the country.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】drought​ 【详解】考查名词。句意：长时间无雨导致该国北部地区出现严重干旱。根据汉语提示 “干旱” 可知，此处应用名词 drought 作宾语；空前有不定冠词 a 修饰，故用单数形式。故填 drought。​ 8.Heavy rain in recent days has caused ________ (洪水) in several villages, forcing local residents to move to safe places.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】floods​ 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：近日的暴雨导致多个村庄发生洪水，迫使当地居民转移到安全地带。根据汉语提示 “洪水” 可知，此处应用名词 flood；“洪水” 通常指多地或多次的灾害情况，常用复数形式，故填 floods。​ 9.People in the northern regions often wear masks to protect themselves from ________ (沙尘暴) in spring.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】sandstorms​ 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：北方地区的人们在春天经常戴口罩，以防沙尘暴。根据汉语提示 “沙尘暴” 可知，此处应用名词 sandstorm；“沙尘暴” 为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用复数形式 sandstorms。故填 sandstorms。​ 10.The government has taken measures to ________ (防止) natural disasters from causing more damage to people’s lives and property.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】prevent​ 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府已采取措施防止自然灾害对人民生命财产造成更大损失。根据汉语提示 “防止” 可知，此处应用动词 prevent 作谓语；“take measures to do sth” 为固定搭配，to 后接动词原形，故填 prevent。​ 11.The factory was punished because it ________ (污染) the river, which increased the risk of floods in the area.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】polluted​ 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这家工厂因污染河流而受到处罚，这增加了该地区发生洪水的风险。根据汉语提示 “污染” 可知，此处应用动词 pollute 作谓语；句子描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，故填 polluted。​ 12.Due to the bad weather, all flights at the airport were ________ (取消) this morning.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】canceled/cancelled​ 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于天气恶劣，今天早上机场的所有航班都被取消了。根据汉语提示 “取消” 可知，此处应用动词 cancel；主语 “all flights” 与 “cancel” 之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词形式与 were 构成被动语态；“cancel” 的过去分词有 “canceled” 和 “cancelled” 两种形式，均正确。故填 canceled/cancelled。​ 13.The earthquake caused great ________ (损害) to the ancient buildings in the old town.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】damage​ 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震对老城区的古建筑造成了严重损害。根据汉语提示 “损害” 可知，此处应用名词 damage 作宾语；“damage” 为不可数名词，故用单数形式。故填 damage。14.We should ________ (保护) the environment by planting more trees, which can reduce the impact of natural disasters.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】protect​ 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们应该通过多植树来保护环境，这能减轻自然灾害的影响。根据汉语提示 “保护” 可知，此处应用动词 protect 作谓语；情态动词 should 后接动词原形，故填 protect。​ 15.The ________ (频率) of extreme weather events has increased in recent years, which is closely related to global warming.（汉语提示填空）​ 【答案】frequency​ 【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来极端天气事件的频率有所增加，这与全球变暖密切相关。根据汉语提示 “频率” 可知，此处应用名词 frequency 作主语；“frequency” 为不可数名词，故用单数形式。故填 frequency。 【考点二：语法（主语从句和表语从句）】 选择填空16-25题（每小题3分，共30分） 16.______ causes earthquakes is still not fully understood by scientists. A. That B. What C. How D. Which 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查主语从句。空格处需要一个连接词引导主语从句，且该连接词在从句中作主语，意为 “…… 的事物”。What 符合要求，指代 “引起地震的事物”；That 在主语从句中不充当成分；How 作状语；Which 表示 “哪一个”，不符合语境。 17.______ typhoons form over warm ocean waters is a known fact. A. When B. What C. That D. Where 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查主语从句。空格处引导的从句是一个完整的句子（台风在温暖的海面上形成），不缺少成分，此时应用 That 引导主语从句，That 在句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 18.______ we need to prepare for natural disasters is important. A. What B. That C. How D. Which 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查主语从句。从句 “we need to prepare for natural disasters” 是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，应用 That 引导主语从句，That 在此处仅起连接作用，无实际意义。 19.______ will be affected by the flood remains unknown. A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. Whose 【答案】A 【详解】 本题考查主语从句。空格处需要一个连接词在主语从句中作主语，指代人。Who 可作主语；Whom 作宾语；Which 指物；Whose 作定语。因此选 A，意为 “谁会受到洪水影响还不清楚”。 20.______ the volcano will erupt again is a question that worries many people. A. Whether B. That C. What D. How 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查主语从句。句意为 “火山是否会再次喷发是一个让很多人担心的问题”，表示 “是否” 应用 Whether 引导主语从句；That 无实际意义；What 和 How 不符合语境。 21.The problem is ______ we can predict natural disasters accurately. A. that B. whether C. what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查表语从句。句意为 “问题是我们能否准确预测自然灾害”，表示 “是否” 应用 whether 引导表语从句；that 在表语从句中无实际意义；what 和 which 不符合语境。 22.My idea is ______ we should build more shelters for natural disasters. A. what B. that C. how D. when 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查表语从句。从句 “we should build more shelters for natural disasters” 是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，应用 that 引导表语从句，that 在此处仅起连接作用。 23.The fact is ______ many animals can sense natural disasters before they happen. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查表语从句。空格后的从句是对 “fact” 的解释说明，且从句结构完整，不缺少成分，应用 that 引导表语从句。 24.______ causes sandstorms is the main topic of our discussion today. A. That B. What C. How D. When 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查主语从句。空格处需要一个连接词在主语从句中作主语，指代 “引起沙尘暴的事物”，应用 What；That 不充当成分；How 和 When 作状语，不符合要求。 25.The question is ______ we can do to reduce the damage from earthquakes. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查表语从句。空格处需要一个连接词在表语从句中作 do 的宾语，意为 “…… 的事情”，应用 What；that 无实际意义；whether 表示 “是否”；how 作状语，均不符合语境。 【考点三：情景交际功能表达法】 情景交际26-30题（每小题3分，共15分） A: Geological hazards (地质灾害) always happen these years, 26 B: Not only the geological hazards that often occur, the climate environment is deteriorating (恶化). A: Well, 27 B: It's human behavior that leads to these hazards. A: You think it's due to the human factor, don't you? B: Yes. For the purpose of development, people used the world's resources without restriction in the past century, breaking the geological structure and causing air and water pollution. A: Indeed. Many people suffer from rare diseases because of polluted air and water. B: The sky of the city is always covered with fog, 28 A: People just pay attention to their current benefits and ignore the long-term development. B: Not only the countries that only pay attention to short-term benefit, but many individuals. People waste plenty of water, which causes severe water shortage in many areas. The drivers use gases that don't meet the standard, 29 This phenomenon must attract people's attention. A: So we should try our best to protect our environment. B: 30 A. and the stars cannot be seen. B. I can’t agree more with your opinion. C. I don't agree with you. D. and there was an earthquake in Japan some days ago. E. which leads to serious air pollution. F. what's the problem? G. what's the reason? 【答案】 26．D 27．G 28．A 29．E 30．B 【解析】本文是一段关于地质灾害和环境恶化的对话，讨论了灾害原因、人类行为的影响及保护环境的必要性。 26．根据上文 A 提到 “地质灾害常发生”，可知此处 A 是列举地质灾害的例子。D 项 “and there was an earthquake in Japan some days ago.（而且几天前日本发生了地震。）” 符合语境，故选 D。 27．根据下文 B 回答 “是人类行为导致这些灾害”，可知此处 A 是询问灾害发生的原因。G 项 “what's the reason?（原因是什么？）” 符合语境，故选 G。 28．根据上文 B 说 “城市的天空总是被雾笼罩”，可知此处应继续描述雾霾的影响。A 项 “and the stars cannot be seen.（星星都看不见了。）” 符合语境，故选 A。 29．根据上文 B 提到 “司机使用不达标的气体”，可知此处应说明其后果 —— 空气污染。E 项 “which leads to serious air pollution.（导致严重的空气污染。）” 符合语境，故选 E。 30．根据上文 A 提出 “我们应该尽力保护环境”，可知此处 B 是同意 A 的观点。B 项 “I can’t agree more with your opinion.（我非常同意你的观点。）” 符合语境，故选 B。 【考点四：翻译】 英汉互译31-35题（每小题3分，共15分） 31.我们应该保护我们的环境。 【答案】We should protect our environment. 【解析】考查情态动词 “should” 的用法，意为 “应该”，后接动词原形，用于提出建议；“protect” 意为 “保护”，“our environment” 意为 “我们的环境”，是常见的环保相关表达。 32.我现在取消订单是不是太晚了？ 【答案】Is it too late for me to cancel the order now? 【解析】考查 “it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” 句型，意为 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”；“too late” 意为 “太晚”，“cancel the order” 意为 “取消订单”，符合日常交际场景。 33.The men lost their way in a sandstorm. 【答案】这些人在沙尘暴中迷了路。 【解析】“lost their way” 是固定短语，意为 “迷了路”，是 “lose one's way” 的过去式；“in a sandstorm” 意为 “在沙尘暴中”，描述迷路的地点和环境。 34.Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain. 【答案】汽车造成污染，包括雾霾和酸雨。 【解析】“cause pollution” 意为 “造成污染”；“both...and...” 连接并列成分 “smog”（雾霾）和 “acid rain”（酸雨），清晰列举污染的类型。 35.That's the sound of an electric car. 【答案】那是电动汽车的声音。 【解析】“the sound of” 是固定短语，意为 “…… 的声音”；“electric car” 意为 “电动汽车”，准确传达句子描述的声音来源。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本套【山西专用】《同步单元 AB 卷》紧扣《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点，并紧密贴合山西省真题题型。A卷为考点梳理卷，侧重考点分层突破；B卷为单元测试卷，强化综合能力检测，助力师生高效把握区域教学重点，提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 本卷是Unit 7 Natural Disasters的考点梳理卷，主要考查语音、词汇、词组、句型、情景交际功能话题和语法。 Unit 7 Natural Disasters A卷·考点梳理卷 考试时间：40分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 【考点一：重点词汇】 短语翻译1-5题（每小题2分，共10分） 短语翻译 1-5题 （每小题2分，共10分） 1.热浪_______ 2.酸雨________ 3.做出改变 ________ 4.电动汽车________ 5.和某人讨论________ 单词填空6-15题（每小题3分，共30分） 6.A strong ________ (台风) hit the coastal city last night, causing many trees to fall and roads to be blocked.（汉语提示填空）​ 7.The long period of no rain has led to a serious ________ (干旱) in the northern part of the country.（汉语提示填空）​ 8.Heavy rain in recent days has caused ________ (洪水) in several villages, forcing local residents to move to safe places.（汉语提示填空）​ 9.People in the northern regions often wear masks to protect themselves from ________ (沙尘暴) in spring.（汉语提示填空）​ 10.The government has taken measures to ________ (防止) natural disasters from causing more damage to people’s lives and property.（汉语提示填空）​ 11.The factory was punished because it ________ (污染) the river, which increased the risk of floods in the area.（汉语提示填空）​ 12.Due to the bad weather, all flights at the airport were ________ (取消) this morning.（汉语提示填空）​ 13.The earthquake caused great ________ (损害) to the ancient buildings in the old town.（汉语提示填空）​ 14.We should ________ (保护) the environment by planting more trees, which can reduce the impact of natural disasters.（汉语提示填空）​ 15.The ________ (频率) of extreme weather events has increased in recent years, which is closely related to global warming.（汉语提示填空）​ 【考点二：语法（主语从句和表语从句）】 选择填空16-25题（每小题3分，共30分） 16.______ causes earthquakes is still not fully understood by scientists. A. That B. What C. How D. Which 17.______ typhoons form over warm ocean waters is a known fact. A. When B. What C. That D. Where 18.______ we need to prepare for natural disasters is important. A. What B. That C. How D. Which 19.______ will be affected by the flood remains unknown. A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. Whose 20.______ the volcano will erupt again is a question that worries many people. A. Whether B. That C. What D. How 21.The problem is ______ we can predict natural disasters accurately. A. that B. whether C. what D. which 22.My idea is ______ we should build more shelters for natural disasters. A. what B. that C. how D. when 23.The fact is ______ many animals can sense natural disasters before they happen. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 24.______ causes sandstorms is the main topic of our discussion today. A. That B. What C. How D. When 25.The question is ______ we can do to reduce the damage from earthquakes. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【考点三：情景交际功能表达法】 情景交际26-30题（每小题3分，共15分） A: Geological hazards (地质灾害) always happen these years, 26 B: Not only the geological hazards that often occur, the climate environment is deteriorating (恶化). A: Well, 27 B: It's human behavior that leads to these hazards. A: You think it's due to the human factor, don't you? B: Yes. For the purpose of development, people used the world's resources without restriction in the past century, breaking the geological structure and causing air and water pollution. A: Indeed. Many people suffer from rare diseases because of polluted air and water. B: The sky of the city is always covered with fog, 28 A: People just pay attention to their current benefits and ignore the long-term development. B: Not only the countries that only pay attention to short-term benefit, but many individuals. People waste plenty of water, which causes severe water shortage in many areas. The drivers use gases that don't meet the standard, 29 This phenomenon must attract people's attention. A: So we should try our best to protect our environment. B: 30 A. and the stars cannot be seen. B. I can’t agree more with your opinion. C. I don't agree with you. D. and there was an earthquake in Japan some days ago. E. which leads to serious air pollution. F. what's the problem? G. what's the reason? 【考点四：翻译】 英汉互译31-35题（每小题3分，共15分） 31.我们应该保护我们的环境。 32.我现在取消订单是不是太晚了？ 33.The men lost their way in a sandstorm. 34.Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain. 35.That's the sound of an electric car. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $