Unit 2 Digital Humans（单元测试·基础卷）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第二册

2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 2 ·基础卷（参考答案） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 BABCD 6-10 DBDAC 11-13 DBD 14-16 DCB 17-20 DACC II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．to track 22．the largest 23．had established 24．where 25．was diagnosed 26．that 27．because of 28．as 29．celebrated 30．honors Section B 31．H 32．J 33．C 34．I 35．D 36．A 37．F 38．G 39．E 40．B III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．B Section B 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．C 60．D 61．C 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．D 66．B Section C 67．D 68．F 69．A 70．B IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Memory is like a net in the brain. Scientists can even track the movement of the memory in the brain. At present, Sheena Josselyn, a neuroscientist at the university of the Toronto has used mice as experimental objects, using a different technology, which can completely eliminate the fear memory of mice. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72. At that time, problems were always arising. / At that time, problems arose one after another. 73. The important international conference was broadcast live on CCTV network. 74. These refugees should not become immigrants since they will eventually return to their own countries. 75. The project will not start until all the preparatory work is ready, which is called doing things according to the rules. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Chris, I am writing to express my interest in joining the school drama club as an actor. I have always been passionate about acting and have participated in several school plays. My strong memorization skills and ability to convey emotions effectively make me a suitable candidate for this role. Additionally, I am a team player and enjoy collaborating with others to bring a story to life. I am confident that my enthusiasm and dedication will contribute positively to the club. I look forward to your positive reply. Best regards, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 2 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Colleagues discussing a social media trend. B. Customer and salesperson discussing a promotion. C. Classmates discussing a homework assignment. D. Friends discussing their favorite desserts. 2. A. He doesn't think it will rain. B. He brings an umbrella just in case. C. He always trusts the weather forecast. D. He forgot to check the weather forecast. 3. A. A fire broke out in the building she lives in. B. She had to wait outside her building due to a fire alarm. C. She accidentally set off the fire alarm in her building. D. She set the wrong time on the alarm clock and woke up early. 4. A. He chooses Greek as his elective course instead of mathematics. B. He finds the woman's math homework very easy. C. He has difficulty understanding math just like the woman. D. He thinks the woman should study Greek instead of math. 5. A. He should wear his favorite casual clothes. B. He should focus more on his skills than his appearance. C. He should not worry about his clothes and just be himself. D. He should invest in a new suit to make a good impression. 6. A. The woman is suggesting canceling the meeting due to the heavy traffic. B. The woman has no needs to worry since the meeting has been rearranged. C. The man is annoyed that the woman will be late for the meeting. D. The meeting will not take place if the woman fails to arrive in time. 7. A. She must have forgotten to park her car in the right spot. B. The man must have mistaken someone else's car for hers. C. She is surprised that the police officers are removing cars. D. She doesn't own a car and doesn't know what the man is talking about. 8. A. He wishes to secure a position with a higher salary. B. He desires to enter into a completely different career path. C. He is seeking for a better work environment than in the office. D. He perceives no opportunities for career growth in his current job. 9. A. Investment strategy. B. Self-management. C. Long-term planning. D. Time efficiency. 10. A. The man is satisfied with the new table he bought. B. He is thinking about buying a new dinner table. C. He is nearing completion of a furniture project. D. The man is struggling to find the right materials. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The history of how companies choose their brand colors. B. The study of how different colors affect plants. C. The different brand colors of Coca-Cola and Starbucks. D. The application of color psychology in branding. 12. A. Color psychology has no significant impact on people's spending choices. B. The majority of people base their purchasing decisions on color and appearance. C. Companies use color psychology solely to make their products look more attractive. D. Tech products are typically marketed with dark colors to convey a sense of mystery. 13. A. Because these colors represent health and nutrition. B. Because the combination of red and yellow is eye-catching. C. Because red and yellow are the colors of happiness and joy. D. Because these colors encourage immediate action. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To introduce a few of the best features of social media apps. B. To summarize how app designers get users to spend money. C. To show the reader a trick that app makers use to create suspense. D. To explain the strategies used by apps to keep users engaged. 15. A. To remind users to check on their friend's messages. B. To push advertisements to the user in order to make a profit. C. To distract users' attention and draw them back into the app. D. To provide important information of the latest updates. 16. A. The users can make money if they keep the record going. B. Users are motivated to return to apps that offer rewards for consistent usage. C. Messaging apps discourage interaction by showing typing indicators. D. The three dots appearing usually means your friend doesn't know what to reply. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. An apartment with two refrigerators. B. An apartment with two televisions. C. An apartment with two bathrooms. D. An apartment with two bedrooms. 18. A. $2200. B. $600. C. $1800. D. $1000. 19. A. He raises a small rat in the cage. B. He cancels the agreement after three months. C. He damages the apartment willfully. D. He leaves some rubbish after moving out. 20. A. The person who drops by and visits the apartment. B. The person who promises to rent for at least 6 months. C. The person who makes the renting decision first. D. The person who takes good care of the apartment. 【答案】 1-5 BABCD 6-10 DBDAC 11-13 DBD14-16 DCB 17-20 DACC 【听力原文】 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have 100 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 1. M: If you follow our micro-blog page and post a picture of your dessert, you can get a 5 percent discount. W: Sorry, I don't have an account. Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 2. W: I heard on the news that it's supposed to rain this afternoon. Did you bring an umbrella? M: Don't worry. It is never reliable. Q: What does the man imply? 3. M: What's wrong with you? You look exhausted! W: I'm having a terrible day. At 5:00 a. m. this morning, the fire alarm in my building went off, and everyone had to wait outside. Luckily, it was a false alarm. Q: What happened to the woman? 4. W: I'm getting more and more confused about my math homework. Can you help me with it? M: To be honest, when it comes to mathematics, it's all Greek to me. Q: What does the man imply? 5. M: You really think I need a new suit for tomorrow's interview? W: You know what they say: “Dress for success.” Q: What is the woman suggesting to the man about his interview tomorrow? 6. W: I'm sorry! The traffic is too heavy. M: Don't worry. If you should be late, the meeting will be canceled. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 7. M: I have some bad news for you. I just saw your car removed away by two police officers. W: It is not possible. I took a bus to work today. Q: What does the woman imply? 8. W: So why do you want to leave your present job? M: My reason for leaving is simply that I see no chance of advancement. I am leaving the office to gain more experience as an engineer. Q: Why does the man want to change his job? 9. M: How did your speech go yesterday? W: Terrific! They were all excited to hear how I managed to double my account in 6 months. Q: Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of the woman's speech? 10. W: How's the table coming along? M: I'd say it's going pretty well. I've already cut the wood for the top part of the table. Next, I'm going to shape the legs and attach them. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Everybody knows that Coca-Cola is red and Starbucks is green. Chances are that most of us can name companies and their respective brand colors. What we may not be aware of is the science behind these companies’ choices of these colors. Color psychology is the study of how colors affect people's mood, behavior, and decision-making. Companies use color psychology when they develop their brands and advertisements in order to persuade us to buy. In fact, studies have shown that around 90 percent of people base their spending choices on color and appearance. Because of this, companies use colors to influence how we feel about their products. For example, it's no accident that many tech products use white;it's simple, stylish, and clean. Meanwhile, cosmetics companies tend to go for purple,black, or pink colors that represent passion, luxury, and romance. Companies often choose action colors that urge you to buy right now. Red, for instance, is a high-energy, exciting color that moves people to action. Yellow is the color of summer, which is also energetic and attention-grabbing as well. It's no wonder that McDonald's decided to use these two colors for its branding. Questions 11. What is the main idea of the passage? 12. Which of the following statements is true about color psychology and its use by companies? 13. Why do you think McDonald's choice to use red and yellow for its branding? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Have you ever got restless if you haven't checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you're not alone. However, much of it is because many apps— particularly social media apps—— use clever techniques to keep us coming back for more. Perhaps the most common method is to push notifications. You' re getting on with your day when a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you engage with your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, count the number of back-to-back days you have engaged with the app. If you keep the record going, you might get a medal or some other gifts. Therefore, keeping one's record going becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again. Once you've opened an app, the goal is how to get you to continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged. Have you ever noticed that in certain apps, three dots appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create suspense. You wonder, what is my friend going to say? Well, you' ll have to stick around and see. Questions 14. What is the purpose of the article? 15. What is the purpose of pushing notifications? 16. What can we learn from the passage? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Hi, I'm calling about the advertisement for the apartment found in today's newspaper. W: Oh, hi! What would you like to know? M: First of all, how big is it? W: Well, it's a two-bedroom apartment with a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and one bathroom. M: And does the apartment have any appliances? W: Well. The apartment has a refrigerator, a gas cooker and a microwave oven. But there is no washing machine or television in it. M: Okay. What's the rent? And can I pay the rent month-to-month? W: It's $600 a month. And, sorry, we require a 3-month payment in advance for the apartment, and if you cancel the agreement anytime during the period, you lose your deposit. M: Oh, and how much is the deposit? W: It's $400, and of course, you will get the money back after you move out, minus a small fee, you know, like cleaning. However, if you turn the house upside-down, then don't expect to get anything back. M: That's okay, and one last question. Are pets allowed? W: You can keep a small pet like a rat in a small cage, but larger animals like dogs or cats are not allowed. If found, you may also lose your deposit. M: That's great. Is it possible for me to drop by and visit the apartment next weekend? W: Sure. But remember first come, first served. There's no guarantee it' ll still be available then. Questions 17. What kind of apartment is the man asking about? 18. How much should the man pay now if he wants to rent the apartment? 19. In what condition will the man lose his deposit completely? 20. Whom will the woman rent the apartment to? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New YorkCity. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter 21 (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had 22 (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry 23 (establish) his reputation as a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings. O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas, 24 he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife 25 (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed 26 he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, 27 ______her worsening condition, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter emerged from prison 28 O. Henry. In 1902, O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a 29 (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award 30 (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines. 【答案】 21．to track 22．the largest 23．had established 24．where 25．was diagnosed 26．that 27．because of 28．as 29．celebrated 30．honors 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名作家欧·亨利的人生经历和成功故事。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾在当地杂志上发表过几篇文章，但在《纽约世界报》的编辑派一名年轻记者去追踪这位神秘作家时，他还相对不为人知。send sb to do sth“派某人干某事”是固定句式，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to track。 22．考查形容词最高级。句意：《世界报》拥有世界上最大的日发行量，欧·亨利关于纽约生活的故事非常受欢迎。根据句意可知，根据“in the world”可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级作定语修饰名词短语daily circulation，表示“世界上最大的日发行量”。最高级前要加定冠词，故填the largest。 23．考查动词时态。句意：在他离开报社不到三年的时候，欧·亨利已经确立了他作为一个天才的说书人和出人意料的结局大师的声誉。根据句意和时间状语By the time he left可知，此处表示发生在一个过去动作之前的动作，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had established。 24．考查定语从句。句意：20岁时，他搬到德克萨斯州，在那里他做过各种各样的工作，最终成为一名银行出纳。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Texas，是地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，表示“在那里”。故填where。 25．考查时态和语态。句意：几年后，他的妻子被诊断出患有严重的传染病，他被指控非法挪用他工作的银行的钱。动词diagnose和主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填was diagnosed。 26．考查宾语从句。句意：一些人声称他偷钱是为了帮助支付妻子的医药费。空处引导宾语从句，从句意义结构完整，用没有实际意义的that引导，that可省略。故填that。 27．考查介词短语。句意：几个月后，由于她的病情恶化，他返回并向警方自首。后文动名词短语her worsening condition是he returned and turned himself in to the police的原因。接动名词短语作宾语，应用介词短语because of，故填because of。 28．考查介词。句意：W·S·波特以欧·亨利的身份出狱。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词as和名词构成介词短语，表示“作为，以……身份”。故填as。 29．考查过去分词转化的形容词。句意：几年后，他的运气变好了，他在《纽约世界报》的工作使他成为一名著名作家。动词celebrate“赞美，颂扬”和名词author之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容词作定语。故填celebrated。 30．考查动词时态。句意：欧·亨利奖授予每年在美国杂志上发表最佳小说的作者。根据时间状语each year可知，本句描述规律性动作，用一般现在时。主语The O. Henry Award为单数，主谓一致，故填honors。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digital B．initiative C． considerable D．safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has 31 the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - 32 above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its 33 age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the 34 threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will 35 this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a 36 twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes 37 to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they 38 adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using 39 technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This 40 embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. 【答案】 31．H 32．J 33．C 34．I 35．D 36．A 37．F 38．G 39．E 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了联想集团与清华大学建筑学院合作，利用人工智能技术启动了“智能应县木塔”项目，不仅可供人们互动探索，还能帮助加速修复工作，确保修复工作保持原貌，保护历史完整性。联想集团希望在全球范围内参与更多类似的遗产保护项目，并欢迎更多合作机会。 31．考查动词时态。句意：这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残，幸存于战争的混乱和自然灾害的肆虐之中。设空处使用动词与前文的has构成现在完成时，根据下文surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters可知，这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残。表示“（受风吹雨打而）（使）褪色，（使）风化，”用weather。故选H。 32．考查动词时态。句意：这座67米高的建筑（也被称为佛宫寺释迦塔）耸立在周围的景色之上，多层的木屋顶与周围的山丘和点缀着的小建筑形成了鲜明的对比。设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示“这座67米高的建筑耸立在周围的景色之上”，tower为动词意为“高耸；屹立”，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子主语为structure为第三人称单数，故用towers。故选J项。 33．考查形容词。句意：尽管这座佛塔具有惊人的坚固耐久度，但它仍显露出颇为可观的年岁痕迹。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰age，此处表示“相当的，可观的”用considerable。故选C项。 34．考查形容词。句意：这座建于1056年的佛塔被联合国教科文组织认定为世界上最古老、最高的全木结构建筑，它面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁。根据上文“weathering, structural fatigue”及下文“threat of wood decay”可知，这座佛塔面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁，ever-present意为“总是存在的；持续不断的”符合语境。故选I项。 35．考查动词时态。句意：全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝。设空处使用动词作谓语，与前文的will构成一般将来时，此处表示“全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝”safeguard意为“保护；维护”符合语境。故选D项。 36．考查形容词。句意：联想与清华大学建筑学院合作，推出了“智能应贤塔”项目，创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生，捕捉建筑的每一个精致细节，从复杂的木纹到雕像的细微缺陷。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词twin，此处表示“联想启动了“智慧应县木塔”项目，以创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生复制品”，digital意为“数字的”符合语境。故选A项。 37．考查名词。句意：这种基于AI的复制技术不仅仅是一个高保真虚拟模型——这种互动、可导航的体验使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，让世界各地的人们都能探索和研究其古老的殿堂。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据上文“This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model”及下文“to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient ”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，access“接触；进入”符合语境，且为不可数名词。故选F项。 38．考查副词。句意：此外，它还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，从而保持佛塔的历史完整性。设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词。根据下文“adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，strictly为副词，意为“严格地”符合语境。故选G项。 39．考查形容词。句意：联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”根据上文“using”及下文“technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future”可知，联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。cutting-edge意为“尖端的；先进的”符合语境。故选E项。 40．考查名词。句意：这一举措体现了我们致力于为所有人提供更智能的人工智能的承诺。设空处使用名词作主语。initiative意为“举措；计划”符合语境。故选B项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for 41 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to 42 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. 43 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can 44 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR 45 therapy. Researchers around the world have been 46 these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 47 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be 48 , inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is 49 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of 50 in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 51 both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 52 place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters 53 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 54 health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 55 its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 41．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade 42．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging 43．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion 44．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support 45．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation 46．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring 47．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense 48．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair 49．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic 50．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition 51．A．bring B．address C．create D．face 52．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private 53．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain 54．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public 55．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid 【答案】 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，而这场革命的前线可能正在中国形成。它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。A. promotion促进，促销；B. complaint抱怨；C. innovation创新；D. trade贸易。根据下文“developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models”提到有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，由此可推知，此处应表示它的市场对创新开放。故选C项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实精神病学应用包括让患者沉浸在看似真实的模拟中，让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。A. worsening恶化；B. improving提高；C. relieving缓解；D. challenging挑战。 根据下文“and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses.”提到帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。由此可推知，此处应表示让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中。故选D项。 43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. For example例如；B. What’s more此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In conclusion总之。根据下文“an alcohol-addicted patient can sit…”具体陈述某一事例，可知，此处指的是具体举出的例子。故选A项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. prevent阻止；B. experience体验；C. postpone延迟；D. support支持。根据下文“takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground”由此可知，此处应表示在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。故选B项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种疗法可以产生快速而显著的效果：在一个案例中，一名计算高度的女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。A. group小组；B. standard标准；C. exposure暴露；D. relaxation放松。根据上文“VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain”提到让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，由此可知，此处应表示这名女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。故选C项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术，并取得了可喜的结果。A. testing测试；B. adopting采纳；C. exporting出口；D. transferring转移。根据上文“Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses”提到虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，可知，这项技术现在并未正式投入运用，由此可推知，此处应表示：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术。故选A项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年3月，《美国医学会精神病学杂志》(JAMA Psychiatry)发表了一项研究，研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。A. maintenance维护，保养；B. intervention干预；C. equipment设备；D. defense防卫。根据句意以及上文“the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR”由此可知，此处应表示研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。故选B项。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. complex复杂的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“inexpensive and well-received by patients.”由此可知，此处应表示这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。故选A项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。A. scientific科学上的；B. specific特别的，具体的；C. cultural文化上的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据下文“And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers”提到突破文化障碍，由此可知，此处应表示低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。故选C项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多国家都存在类似的偏见，但研究表明，在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。A. anxiety焦虑；B. shame羞耻；C. endurance忍耐；D. competition竞争。根据下文“it can help _____11_____ both caregiver shortages and shame.”由此可知，此处应表示在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。故选B项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多心理健康VR的支持者认为，它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。A. bring带来；B. address解决；C. create创造；D. face面对。根据下文“Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people.”提到可以轻松扩展以满足许多人的需求，由此可知，此处应表示它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。故选B项。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为，虚拟现实治疗可以突破文化障碍，因为它们可以通过游戏般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。A. secret秘密地；B. safe安全的；C. quiet安静的；D. private私人的。根据句意以及下文“such as at home.”由此可知，此处应表示虚拟现实治疗可以通过游戏般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。故选D项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。A. caution警告；B. require要求；C. protest抗议；D. explain解释。根据上文“Even”一词，以及下文“that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.”由此可知，从此处应表示即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。故选A项。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，由于对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。A. financial财政的；B. environmental环境的；C. digital数字的；D. public公众的。根据上文“with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care”提到对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，结合各个选项意思由此可推知，此处应表示数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。故选C项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这样做，中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。A. widen拓宽；B. close缩小；C. discover发现；D. avoid避免。根据上文“and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空).”提到VR有望填补这一空白，以及下文“its treatment gap”由此可知，此处应表示中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The World Is Our Classroom Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon. We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function in society. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted Sierra and Bryce to see that there is much magic in the natural world and that most of it is accessible to anyone. We also wanted to show them that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure, learn, and experience something new. Nearly every month, our family went into the night to “play” by the full moon. Once we arrived at our location that evening, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising. A thin sliver of the apricot (杏黄色) moon poked above the shape of the Blue Mountain Ridge. Everyone stood up and witnessed its rising. More of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon makes no light of its own, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us long after the sun has sunk below the horizon. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size. Much of the knowledge that Todd and I shared with the kids had been learned from our past life experiences. If we did not possess the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand to enhance the experience, or afterwards, together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions. Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens. 56．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Going on a hike through the forest. B．Going outdoors to watch full moon. C．Visiting a museum to learn about space. D．Traveling far from home to have an adventure. 57．Which of the following statements is true about the children on the family outing? A．It was a rare chance for them to play under the full moon. B．They felt forced to watch the moon coming out with their parents. C．They remained curious and kept digging deeper about the moon. D．They knew the answers to all the questions put up by their parents. 58．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．The author and her husband did not make much effort to teach their children. B．The author left some questions for the children to get them thinking after each trip. C．The author and her husband gained all the knowledge from their past experiences. D．The author and her husband sometimes looked up information in advance to better educate their children. 59．Choose the best sentence to complete the last paragraph. A．As we stared up at the sky, a brilliant shooting star raced across the sky. B．Families have to spend a ton of money on entertainment in order to have fun and learn. C．Opportunities to seek magical experiences and learning is right in your neighborhood. D．The wonder state often occurs when you don’t quite understand what or why something is. 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．D 59．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者全家在满月下出去玩的经历。作者认为世界是他们的教室。在月下作者和孩子们探讨了有关月球的知识。 56．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and1I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function in society.  But after we became parents, we did this for our children.（我们最初是为了自己在月圆之夜散步，因为我丈夫托德和我都很喜欢，我们需要这些小量的月光来保持快乐，并在社会上发挥作用。但当了父母后，我们就为孩子们做这件事）”可知，第一段中划线的“this”指的是“到户外看满月”。故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘Does the moon’s face change?’ Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising.（‘月亮的脸会变吗?’布莱斯问。我告诉他月球和地球一起旋转，但它不像地球那样绕着自己的轴旋转。月球的同一面总是对着地球。我们从未见过月球的另一面。塞拉说月亮升起的时候看起来又大又近）”可知，他们保持好奇，继续深入挖掘关于月球的知识。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据第五段中“If we did not possess the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand to enhance the experience, or afterwards, together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions. （如果我们不具备解释和教育的知识，我们就会事先去查，以增强经验，或者在我们想过并提出一系列问题后一起去查）”可知，为了更好地教育孩子，作者和丈夫有时会提前查询信息。故选D。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens.（有时候只需要走到户外，仰望天空）”结合本文标题“世界是我们的教室”可知，本文主要探讨利用身边的事物、现象等来增加孩子的知识。因此C项Opportunities to seek magical experiences and learning is right in your neighborhood.（寻找神奇体验和学习的机会就在你的附近）能与最后一段构成完整的内容。故选C。 (B) Know how much to tipNew rules of gratuities The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. Think outside the (cash) box.   You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule: N/A (Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer. New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. 60．New rules of tipping are recommended because . A．the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B．some people have to work from home without interaction C．customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D．some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now 61．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. B．The more you tip, the better service you will receive. C．Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D．There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. 62． did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeout $0 for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) $10 for the FedEx delivery man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash) for the gardener Linn take a Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash) for the driver A．Ginna B．Joan C．Susan D．Linn 【答案】60．D 61．C 62．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍小费的新规定及一些行业的小费新规定。 60．细节理解题。根据第一段“The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. (新冠对依靠小费工作的人来说尤其艰难。有些人根本无法完成他们的工作，而另一些人则无法以相同的方式与顾客互动。无论哪种情况，小费都会枯竭，导致很多人受苦。与此同时，因为基本服务人员突然面临新的风险和困难，许多顾客觉得有必要给更多的小费。)”可知，新冠使服务人员工作艰难，一些旧的小费标准现在无法帮助一些服务人员。所以建议使用新的小费规则，帮助服务人员应对困难，故选D。 61．细节理解题。根据Think outside the (cash) box.部分“You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. (当公司或你的预算不允许给小费时，你也可以用感谢信或自制礼物。考虑在线撰写评论，确保署名。)”可知，可以在线撰写评论以表达感激之情。故C项正确。根据Give more if you can.部分“It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. (通常，小费分配给商店或餐厅的所有员工，而不仅仅是直接与客户互动的员工。)”可知，小费分配给所有员工，但文章并未说明为什么这样做，故排除A项。根据Treat business owners differently.部分“A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. (过去的做法，不再需要单独给老板小费。但是，如果她为你服务，就像你给她的工人一样给她小费。)”可知，如果老板为你服务，你需要给老板小费，故D项错误。文章未提及B项内容。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据Restaurant workers部分“Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. (小费：堂食时为15%至20%，外卖或外卖订单为10%至15%。)”可知，订外卖需要给工作人员小费，A项错误。根据Package delivery drivers部分“And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). (联邦快递禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物，如礼品卡。)”可知，无需给联邦快递员工小费，B项错误。根据Flower delivery drivers部分“You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. (你不能假设送礼者已经给小费了，所以如果你有幸收到这样的快递，请以小费的形式传递善意。)”可知，需要给送花人小费，而不是给园丁小费，C项错误。根据Ride-share drivers部分“Tip: 15 to 20 percent. (小费：15%到20%)”可知，需要给司机15%到20%的小费。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D项正确，故选D。 (C) A new study has found that a person’s face tends to evolve to suit their name. The researchers sought to determine how parents choose baby names. Do they pick a name that fits the baby’s appearance? Or does the person’s face change over time to match the name they were given? In the study, children and adults were asked to match faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their corresponding names, significantly above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part of the study, a machine learning system was fed a large database of human face images. The computer recognized patterns in the faces of adults and found that those with the same name had more similar facial features. These faces were more alike than those of adults with different names. However, no significant similarity was found among children with the same name compared to those with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a self-fulfilling(自我应验的)prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to align with social stereotypes(刻板印象)associated with the name. Stereotypes can develop in various ways, such as when a name is linked to a celebrity or a cultural figure. For example, individuals named “Rose” might be regarded as more attractive or gentle, leading them to adopt softer facial expressions over time. Dr. Yonat Zwebner from Reichman University says, “Our research highlights the broader importance of this surprising effect-the intense influence of social expectations. We have demonstrated that social constructs, or structuring, do exist-something that until now has been almost impossible to test experimentally. “Social structuring is so strong that it can affect a person’s appearance. These findings may imply the extent to which other personal factors that are even more significant than names, such as gender or cultural background, may shape who people grow up to be.” Dr. Yonat added. 63．What did the researchers focus on? A．A name-appearance link. B．Reasons for face changes. C．A name-selection process. D．Benefits of name matching. 64．What did the machine learning system suggest? A．Grown-ups generally look alike. B．Adults’ names tend to lack diversity. C．Names may affect certain face features over time. D．Machine testing is more reliable than human testing. 65．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Depart from. B．Depend on. C．Result in. D．Correspond to. 66．What does Dr. Yonat’s comment stress? A．The importance of facial appearance. B．The impact of social factors on identity. C．The concern of choosing proper names. D．The difficulty of testing social structuring. 【答案】63．A 64．C 65．D 66．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提到研究发现一个人的面孔会与自己的名字存在某种对应和契合。文章探讨了名字与外貌之间的关联，强调了社会构造 (social constructs) 在个人身份形成中的重要作用。 63．细节理解题。文中提到“A new study has found that a person’s face tends to evolve to suit their name”（一项新研究发现一个人的脸会随着名字的变化而变化），由此判断研究者关注的是名字与外貌之间的联系。故选A。 64．细节理解题。文中提到“The computer recognized patterns in the faces of adults and found that those with the same name had more similar facial features.”（计算机识别出成年人的面部特征，发现名字相同的人面部特征更加相似。），由此判断，名字相同的成年人，面部特征更相似，时间久了名字可能会影响面部特征。C项“Names may affect certain face features over time.”（随着时间的推移，名字可能会影响某些面部特征。）C项符合文意，故选C。 65．词义猜测题。后文提到“associated with the name”(与名字有关），由此判断，文中表明面部特征和名字有关，且后文提到，叫“玫瑰”的人在面部特征上更加有吸引力，更加柔和，从而使得他们日后会更常使用在此处“align with”应表示“与……相符”，即面部特征与名字表达出来的刻板印象是一致的。A. Depart from.离开；B. Depend on.依赖于；C. Result in.导致。D. Correspond to.符合，D项与划线词意思一致。故选D。 66．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Social structuring is so strong that it can affect a person’s appearance. These findings may imply the extent to which other personal factors that are even more significant than names, such as gender or cultural background, may shape who people grow up to be.”（社会结构是如此强大，它可以影响一个人的外表。这些发现可能暗示了其他比名字更重要的个人因素，如性别或文化背景，可能会在多大程度上塑造一个人长大后的样子。）表明她强调社会因素对身份的影响，故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The World Needs Zoos Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. 67 Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. 68 A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those which still remain in the wild. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations(which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. 69 Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take the great loss of local species seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere, but unfortunately that is not always the case. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure. 70 If even common species can lose their population in only several years, it may be too late to save them in the wild. A．This is a trend that is only expected to continue. B．But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many people realize. C．Those species that are held in zoos are already protected from any such events and trends. D．Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity. E．Climate change has harmed over half mammal species on the endangered species list. F．However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. 【答案】67．D 68．F 69．A 70．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了动物园在动物保护方面的重要性。 67．前文“Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong.(许多动物处于极度濒危状态，可能会在野外灭绝，但在动物园里，它们正在变得强壮。)”讲述了动物园保护濒危动物并促进其壮大，所以空处应讲述动物园对处于其他处境的动物的保护作用，D项“许多其他物种已经在野外灭绝，只能依靠圈养的种群才能幸存。”符合题意。故选D。 68．根据前文“These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them.(这些狐猴在动物园里几乎很常见，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众也很喜欢它们。)”和后文“A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，高达95%的野生种群已经灭绝。这意味着剩下的种群面临着严重的风险。)”可知，前文讲述了狐猴在圈养的动物园里繁殖良好，后文讲述了大多数野生狐猴已经灭绝，狐猴面临着生存风险，由此可知，空处应与前文形成转折，并引出下文狐猴的严峻处境，F项“然而，尽管它们在世界各地的圈养群体中数量众多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。”符合题意。故选F。 69．第二段讲述了狐猴在动物园中繁殖众多但在野外环境中却面临灭绝危险，第三段中的“Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos.(这种趋势并非孤立存在。长颈鹿是动物园里另一个非常常见的物种。)”讲述了另一个面临类似情况的物种——长颈鹿，并指出这种趋势很普遍，再结合空后的“Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. (气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响。)”可知，气候变化问题可能会加重野生动物面临的困境，由此可推测出，空处应说动物在动物园中受到良好保护但在野外却面临生存危机的趋势只会继续下去，A项“这一趋势预计只会持续下去。”符合题意。故选A。 70．根据前文“There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure.(我怀疑，对圈养动物的支持总是会有阻力的，我不会为管理不善、急需改进或关闭的动物园辩护。)”并结合上文讲述的动物园在保护动物方面的作用以及标题“The World Needs Zoos”可推测出，空处与前文转折，强调动物园在保护动物方面的重要性，B项“但是，如果我们希望真正了解地球上的生物多样性，我们可能不得不比许多人意识到的更多地依赖动物园。”符合题意。故选B。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too. In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Memory is like a net in the brain. Scientists can even track the movement of the memory in the brain. At present, Sheena Josselyn, a neuroscientist at the university of the Toronto has used mice as experimental objects, using a different technology, which can completely eliminate the fear memory of mice. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 那时，各种问题层出不穷。 (arise) ______________________________________ 73. 中央电视台网络直播了这次重要的国际会议。 (live) ______________________________________ 74. 这些难民不应该成为移民，因为他们最终将回到自己的国家去。 (since) ______________________________________ 75. 这项工程须等到所有的准备工作就绪才能开工，这叫按规律办事。 (which) ______________________________________ 【答案】 72. At that time, problems were always arising. / At that time, problems arose one after another. 73. The important international conference was broadcast live on CCTV network. 74. These refugees should not become immigrants since they will eventually return to their own countries. 75. The project will not start until all the preparatory work is ready, which is called doing things according to the rules. 【解析】 【72题详解】 那时At that time，层出不穷be always arising/ arise one after another。 【73题详解】 国际会议international conference，直播broadcast live，中央电视台CCTV。 【74题详解】 难民refugees，移民immigrants，回到自己的国家return to their own countries。 【75题详解】 所有的准备工作就绪all the preparatory work is ready，开工start，按规律办事doing things according to the rules。 VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，你校英语话剧团正在招募演员。请你给话剧团团长Chris写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达应聘意愿； 2. 阐述自己的优势； 3. 期待回复。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris, I am writing to express my interest in joining the school drama club as an actor. I have always been passionate about acting and have participated in several school plays. My strong memorization skills and ability to convey emotions effectively make me a suitable candidate for this role. Additionally, I am a team player and enjoy collaborating with others to bring a story to life. I am confident that my enthusiasm and dedication will contribute positively to the club. I look forward to your positive reply. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给话剧团团长Chris写一封邮件，申请成为学校英语话剧团的演员。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express→convey 参加：participate in→get involved in 合适的：suitable→appropriate 此外：additionally→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Additionally, I am a team player and enjoy collaborating with others to bring a story to life. 拓展句：Additionally, I am a team player and enjoy collaborating with others so that I can bring a story to life. 【点睛】[高分句型1] My strong memorization skills and ability to convey emotions effectively make me a suitable candidate for this role.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语） [高分句型2] I am confident that my enthusiasm and dedication will contribute positively to the club.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 2 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Colleagues discussing a social media trend. B. Customer and salesperson discussing a promotion. C. Classmates discussing a homework assignment. D. Friends discussing their favorite desserts. 2. A. He doesn't think it will rain. B. He brings an umbrella just in case. C. He always trusts the weather forecast. D. He forgot to check the weather forecast. 3. A. A fire broke out in the building she lives in. B. She had to wait outside her building due to a fire alarm. C. She accidentally set off the fire alarm in her building. D. She set the wrong time on the alarm clock and woke up early. 4. A. He chooses Greek as his elective course instead of mathematics. B. He finds the woman's math homework very easy. C. He has difficulty understanding math just like the woman. D. He thinks the woman should study Greek instead of math. 5. A. He should wear his favorite casual clothes. B. He should focus more on his skills than his appearance. C. He should not worry about his clothes and just be himself. D. He should invest in a new suit to make a good impression. 6. A. The woman is suggesting canceling the meeting due to the heavy traffic. B. The woman has no needs to worry since the meeting has been rearranged. C. The man is annoyed that the woman will be late for the meeting. D. The meeting will not take place if the woman fails to arrive in time. 7. A. She must have forgotten to park her car in the right spot. B. The man must have mistaken someone else's car for hers. C. She is surprised that the police officers are removing cars. D. She doesn't own a car and doesn't know what the man is talking about. 8. A. He wishes to secure a position with a higher salary. B. He desires to enter into a completely different career path. C. He is seeking for a better work environment than in the office. D. He perceives no opportunities for career growth in his current job. 9. A. Investment strategy. B. Self-management. C. Long-term planning. D. Time efficiency. 10. A. The man is satisfied with the new table he bought. B. He is thinking about buying a new dinner table. C. He is nearing completion of a furniture project. D. The man is struggling to find the right materials. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The history of how companies choose their brand colors. B. The study of how different colors affect plants. C. The different brand colors of Coca-Cola and Starbucks. D. The application of color psychology in branding. 12. A. Color psychology has no significant impact on people's spending choices. B. The majority of people base their purchasing decisions on color and appearance. C. Companies use color psychology solely to make their products look more attractive. D. Tech products are typically marketed with dark colors to convey a sense of mystery. 13. A. Because these colors represent health and nutrition. B. Because the combination of red and yellow is eye-catching. C. Because red and yellow are the colors of happiness and joy. D. Because these colors encourage immediate action. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To introduce a few of the best features of social media apps. B. To summarize how app designers get users to spend money. C. To show the reader a trick that app makers use to create suspense. D. To explain the strategies used by apps to keep users engaged. 15. A. To remind users to check on their friend's messages. B. To push advertisements to the user in order to make a profit. C. To distract users' attention and draw them back into the app. D. To provide important information of the latest updates. 16. A. The users can make money if they keep the record going. B. Users are motivated to return to apps that offer rewards for consistent usage. C. Messaging apps discourage interaction by showing typing indicators. D. The three dots appearing usually means your friend doesn't know what to reply. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. An apartment with two refrigerators. B. An apartment with two televisions. C. An apartment with two bathrooms. D. An apartment with two bedrooms. 18. A. $2200. B. $600. C. $1800. D. $1000. 19. A. He raises a small rat in the cage. B. He cancels the agreement after three months. C. He damages the apartment willfully. D. He leaves some rubbish after moving out. 20. A. The person who drops by and visits the apartment. B. The person who promises to rent for at least 6 months. C. The person who makes the renting decision first. D. The person who takes good care of the apartment. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New YorkCity. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter 21 (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had 22 (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry 23 (establish) his reputation as a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings. O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas, 24 he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife 25 (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed 26 he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, 27 ______her worsening condition, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter emerged from prison 28 O. Henry. In 1902, O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a 29 (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award 30 (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digital B．initiative C． considerable D．safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has 31 the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - 32 above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its 33 age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the 34 threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will 35 this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a 36 twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes 37 to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they 38 adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using 39 technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This 40 embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for 41 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to 42 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. 43 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can 44 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR 45 therapy. Researchers around the world have been 46 these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 47 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be 48 , inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is 49 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of 50 in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 51 both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 52 place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters 53 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 54 health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 55 its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 41．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade 42．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging 43．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion 44．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support 45．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation 46．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring 47．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense 48．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair 49．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic 50．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition 51．A．bring B．address C．create D．face 52．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private 53．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain 54．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public 55．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The World Is Our Classroom Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon. We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function in society. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted Sierra and Bryce to see that there is much magic in the natural world and that most of it is accessible to anyone. We also wanted to show them that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure, learn, and experience something new. Nearly every month, our family went into the night to “play” by the full moon. Once we arrived at our location that evening, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising. A thin sliver of the apricot (杏黄色) moon poked above the shape of the Blue Mountain Ridge. Everyone stood up and witnessed its rising. More of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon makes no light of its own, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us long after the sun has sunk below the horizon. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size. Much of the knowledge that Todd and I shared with the kids had been learned from our past life experiences. If we did not possess the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand to enhance the experience, or afterwards, together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions. Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens. 56．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Going on a hike through the forest. B．Going outdoors to watch full moon. C．Visiting a museum to learn about space. D．Traveling far from home to have an adventure. 57．Which of the following statements is true about the children on the family outing? A．It was a rare chance for them to play under the full moon. B．They felt forced to watch the moon coming out with their parents. C．They remained curious and kept digging deeper about the moon. D．They knew the answers to all the questions put up by their parents. 58．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．The author and her husband did not make much effort to teach their children. B．The author left some questions for the children to get them thinking after each trip. C．The author and her husband gained all the knowledge from their past experiences. D．The author and her husband sometimes looked up information in advance to better educate their children. 59．Choose the best sentence to complete the last paragraph. A．As we stared up at the sky, a brilliant shooting star raced across the sky. B．Families have to spend a ton of money on entertainment in order to have fun and learn. C．Opportunities to seek magical experiences and learning is right in your neighborhood. D．The wonder state often occurs when you don’t quite understand what or why something is. (B) Know how much to tipNew rules of gratuities The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. Think outside the (cash) box.   You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule: N/A (Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer. New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. 60．New rules of tipping are recommended because . A．the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B．some people have to work from home without interaction C．customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D．some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now 61．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. B．The more you tip, the better service you will receive. C．Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D．There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. 62． did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeout $0 for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) $10 for the FedEx delivery man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash) for the gardener Linn take a Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash) for the driver A．Ginna B．Joan C．Susan D．Linn (C) A new study has found that a person’s face tends to evolve to suit their name. The researchers sought to determine how parents choose baby names. Do they pick a name that fits the baby’s appearance? Or does the person’s face change over time to match the name they were given? In the study, children and adults were asked to match faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their corresponding names, significantly above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part of the study, a machine learning system was fed a large database of human face images. The computer recognized patterns in the faces of adults and found that those with the same name had more similar facial features. These faces were more alike than those of adults with different names. However, no significant similarity was found among children with the same name compared to those with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a self-fulfilling(自我应验的)prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to align with social stereotypes(刻板印象)associated with the name. Stereotypes can develop in various ways, such as when a name is linked to a celebrity or a cultural figure. For example, individuals named “Rose” might be regarded as more attractive or gentle, leading them to adopt softer facial expressions over time. Dr. Yonat Zwebner from Reichman University says, “Our research highlights the broader importance of this surprising effect-the intense influence of social expectations. We have demonstrated that social constructs, or structuring, do exist-something that until now has been almost impossible to test experimentally. “Social structuring is so strong that it can affect a person’s appearance. These findings may imply the extent to which other personal factors that are even more significant than names, such as gender or cultural background, may shape who people grow up to be.” Dr. Yonat added. 63．What did the researchers focus on? A．A name-appearance link. B．Reasons for face changes. C．A name-selection process. D．Benefits of name matching. 64．What did the machine learning system suggest? A．Grown-ups generally look alike. B．Adults’ names tend to lack diversity. C．Names may affect certain face features over time. D．Machine testing is more reliable than human testing. 65．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Depart from. B．Depend on. C．Result in. D．Correspond to. 66．What does Dr. Yonat’s comment stress? A．The importance of facial appearance. B．The impact of social factors on identity. C．The concern of choosing proper names. D．The difficulty of testing social structuring. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The World Needs Zoos Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. 67 Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. 68 A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those which still remain in the wild. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations(which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. 69 Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take the great loss of local species seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere, but unfortunately that is not always the case. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure. 70 If even common species can lose their population in only several years, it may be too late to save them in the wild. A．This is a trend that is only expected to continue. B．But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many people realize. C．Those species that are held in zoos are already protected from any such events and trends. D．Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity. E．Climate change has harmed over half mammal species on the endangered species list. F．However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too. In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 那时，各种问题层出不穷。 (arise) ______________________________________ 73. 中央电视台网络直播了这次重要的国际会议。 (live) ______________________________________ 74. 这些难民不应该成为移民，因为他们最终将回到自己的国家去。 (since) ______________________________________ 75. 这项工程须等到所有的准备工作就绪才能开工，这叫按规律办事。 (which) ______________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，你校英语话剧团正在招募演员。请你给话剧团团长Chris写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达应聘意愿； 2. 阐述自己的优势； 3. 期待回复。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 2 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Colleagues discussing a social media trend. B. Customer and salesperson discussing a promotion. C. Classmates discussing a homework assignment. D. Friends discussing their favorite desserts. 2. A. He doesn't think it will rain. B. He brings an umbrella just in case. C. He always trusts the weather forecast. D. He forgot to check the weather forecast. 3. A. A fire broke out in the building she lives in. B. She had to wait outside her building due to a fire alarm. C. She accidentally set off the fire alarm in her building. D. She set the wrong time on the alarm clock and woke up early. 4. A. He chooses Greek as his elective course instead of mathematics. B. He finds the woman's math homework very easy. C. He has difficulty understanding math just like the woman. D. He thinks the woman should study Greek instead of math. 5. A. He should wear his favorite casual clothes. B. He should focus more on his skills than his appearance. C. He should not worry about his clothes and just be himself. D. He should invest in a new suit to make a good impression. 6. A. The woman is suggesting canceling the meeting due to the heavy traffic. B. The woman has no needs to worry since the meeting has been rearranged. C. The man is annoyed that the woman will be late for the meeting. D. The meeting will not take place if the woman fails to arrive in time. 7. A. She must have forgotten to park her car in the right spot. B. The man must have mistaken someone else's car for hers. C. She is surprised that the police officers are removing cars. D. She doesn't own a car and doesn't know what the man is talking about. 8. A. He wishes to secure a position with a higher salary. B. He desires to enter into a completely different career path. C. He is seeking for a better work environment than in the office. D. He perceives no opportunities for career growth in his current job. 9. A. Investment strategy. B. Self-management. C. Long-term planning. D. Time efficiency. 10. A. The man is satisfied with the new table he bought. B. He is thinking about buying a new dinner table. C. He is nearing completion of a furniture project. D. The man is struggling to find the right materials. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The history of how companies choose their brand colors. B. The study of how different colors affect plants. C. The different brand colors of Coca-Cola and Starbucks. D. The application of color psychology in branding. 12. A. Color psychology has no significant impact on people's spending choices. B. The majority of people base their purchasing decisions on color and appearance. C. Companies use color psychology solely to make their products look more attractive. D. Tech products are typically marketed with dark colors to convey a sense of mystery. 13. A. Because these colors represent health and nutrition. B. Because the combination of red and yellow is eye-catching. C. Because red and yellow are the colors of happiness and joy. D. Because these colors encourage immediate action. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To introduce a few of the best features of social media apps. B. To summarize how app designers get users to spend money. C. To show the reader a trick that app makers use to create suspense. D. To explain the strategies used by apps to keep users engaged. 15. A. To remind users to check on their friend's messages. B. To push advertisements to the user in order to make a profit. C. To distract users' attention and draw them back into the app. D. To provide important information of the latest updates. 16. A. The users can make money if they keep the record going. B. Users are motivated to return to apps that offer rewards for consistent usage. C. Messaging apps discourage interaction by showing typing indicators. D. The three dots appearing usually means your friend doesn't know what to reply. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. An apartment with two refrigerators. B. An apartment with two televisions. C. An apartment with two bathrooms. D. An apartment with two bedrooms. 18. A. $2200. B. $600. C. $1800. D. $1000. 19. A. He raises a small rat in the cage. B. He cancels the agreement after three months. C. He damages the apartment willfully. D. He leaves some rubbish after moving out. 20. A. The person who drops by and visits the apartment. B. The person who promises to rent for at least 6 months. C. The person who makes the renting decision first. D. The person who takes good care of the apartment. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New YorkCity. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter 21 (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had 22 (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry 23 (establish) his reputation as a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings. O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas, 24 he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife 25 (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed 26 he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, 27 ______her worsening condition, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter emerged from prison 28 O. Henry. In 1902, O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a 29 (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award 30 (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digital B．initiative C． considerable D．safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has 31 the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - 32 above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its 33 age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the 34 threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will 35 this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a 36 twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes 37 to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they 38 adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using 39 technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This 40 embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for 41 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to 42 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. 43 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can 44 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR 45 therapy. Researchers around the world have been 46 these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 47 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be 48 , inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is 49 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of 50 in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 51 both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 52 place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters 53 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 54 health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 55 its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 41．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade 42．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging 43．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion 44．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support 45．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation 46．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring 47．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense 48．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair 49．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic 50．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition 51．A．bring B．address C．create D．face 52．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private 53．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain 54．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public 55．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The World Is Our Classroom Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon. We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function in society. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted Sierra and Bryce to see that there is much magic in the natural world and that most of it is accessible to anyone. We also wanted to show them that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure, learn, and experience something new. Nearly every month, our family went into the night to “play” by the full moon. Once we arrived at our location that evening, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising. A thin sliver of the apricot (杏黄色) moon poked above the shape of the Blue Mountain Ridge. Everyone stood up and witnessed its rising. More of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon makes no light of its own, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us long after the sun has sunk below the horizon. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size. Much of the knowledge that Todd and I shared with the kids had been learned from our past life experiences. If we did not possess the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand to enhance the experience, or afterwards, together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions. Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens. 56．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Going on a hike through the forest. B．Going outdoors to watch full moon. C．Visiting a museum to learn about space. D．Traveling far from home to have an adventure. 57．Which of the following statements is true about the children on the family outing? A．It was a rare chance for them to play under the full moon. B．They felt forced to watch the moon coming out with their parents. C．They remained curious and kept digging deeper about the moon. D．They knew the answers to all the questions put up by their parents. 58．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．The author and her husband did not make much effort to teach their children. B．The author left some questions for the children to get them thinking after each trip. C．The author and her husband gained all the knowledge from their past experiences. D．The author and her husband sometimes looked up information in advance to better educate their children. 59．Choose the best sentence to complete the last paragraph. A．As we stared up at the sky, a brilliant shooting star raced across the sky. B．Families have to spend a ton of money on entertainment in order to have fun and learn. C．Opportunities to seek magical experiences and learning is right in your neighborhood. D．The wonder state often occurs when you don’t quite understand what or why something is. (B) Know how much to tipNew rules of gratuities The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. Think outside the (cash) box.   You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule: N/A (Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer. New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. 60．New rules of tipping are recommended because . A．the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B．some people have to work from home without interaction C．customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D．some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now 61．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. B．The more you tip, the better service you will receive. C．Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D．There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. 62． did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeout $0 for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) $10 for the FedEx delivery man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash) for the gardener Linn take a Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash) for the driver A．Ginna B．Joan C．Susan D．Linn (C) A new study has found that a person’s face tends to evolve to suit their name. The researchers sought to determine how parents choose baby names. Do they pick a name that fits the baby’s appearance? Or does the person’s face change over time to match the name they were given? In the study, children and adults were asked to match faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their corresponding names, significantly above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part of the study, a machine learning system was fed a large database of human face images. The computer recognized patterns in the faces of adults and found that those with the same name had more similar facial features. These faces were more alike than those of adults with different names. However, no significant similarity was found among children with the same name compared to those with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a self-fulfilling(自我应验的)prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to align with social stereotypes(刻板印象)associated with the name. Stereotypes can develop in various ways, such as when a name is linked to a celebrity or a cultural figure. For example, individuals named “Rose” might be regarded as more attractive or gentle, leading them to adopt softer facial expressions over time. Dr. Yonat Zwebner from Reichman University says, “Our research highlights the broader importance of this surprising effect-the intense influence of social expectations. We have demonstrated that social constructs, or structuring, do exist-something that until now has been almost impossible to test experimentally. “Social structuring is so strong that it can affect a person’s appearance. These findings may imply the extent to which other personal factors that are even more significant than names, such as gender or cultural background, may shape who people grow up to be.” Dr. Yonat added. 63．What did the researchers focus on? A．A name-appearance link. B．Reasons for face changes. C．A name-selection process. D．Benefits of name matching. 64．What did the machine learning system suggest? A．Grown-ups generally look alike. B．Adults’ names tend to lack diversity. C．Names may affect certain face features over time. D．Machine testing is more reliable than human testing. 65．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Depart from. B．Depend on. C．Result in. D．Correspond to. 66．What does Dr. Yonat’s comment stress? A．The importance of facial appearance. B．The impact of social factors on identity. C．The concern of choosing proper names. D．The difficulty of testing social structuring. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The World Needs Zoos Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. 67 Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. 68 A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those which still remain in the wild. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations(which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. 69 Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take the great loss of local species seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere, but unfortunately that is not always the case. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure. 70 If even common species can lose their population in only several years, it may be too late to save them in the wild. A．This is a trend that is only expected to continue. B．But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many people realize. C．Those species that are held in zoos are already protected from any such events and trends. D．Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity. E．Climate change has harmed over half mammal species on the endangered species list. F．However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too. In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 那时，各种问题层出不穷。 (arise) ______________________________________ 73. 中央电视台网络直播了这次重要的国际会议。 (live) ______________________________________ 74. 这些难民不应该成为移民，因为他们最终将回到自己的国家去。 (since) ______________________________________ 75. 这项工程须等到所有的准备工作就绪才能开工，这叫按规律办事。 (which) ______________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，你校英语话剧团正在招募演员。请你给话剧团团长Chris写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达应聘意愿； 2. 阐述自己的优势； 3. 期待回复。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, if you follow our microblog page and post a picture of your dessert, you can get a five percent discount. Sorry, I don't have an account question. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? Two, I heard on the news that is supposed to rain this afternoon. Did you bring a umbrella? Don't worry. IT is never . reliable question. What does the man imply? Three, what's wrong with you? You look exhausted. I'm having a terrible day at five AM. This morning. The fire alarm in my building went off and everyone to wait outside. Luckily, IT was a false alarm . question. What happened to the woman? For i'm getting more and more confused about my math homework. Can you help me with IT? To be honest, when IT comes to mathematics, it's all greek to me. Question, what does the man imply? Five, you really think I need a new suit for tomorrow's interview. You know what they say? Dress for success. Question, what is the woman suggesting to the man about his interview tomorrow? Six, i'm sorry, the traffic is too heavy. Don't worry, if you should be late, the meeting will be cancelled. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Seven, I have some bad news for you. I just soil car removed away by two police offices. IT is not possible. I took a bus . to work today. I, what does woman imply? Eight, so why do you want to leave your present job? My reason for leaving is simply that I see no chance of advancement. I am leaving the office to gain more experience. As an engineer . question, why does the man want to change his job? Nine, how did your speech go yesterday? terrific. They were all excited to hear how I manage to double my account in six months. Question, which of the following is most likely to be the topic of the woman's speech? Ten, how's the table coming along? I'd say it's going pretty well. I've already cut the wood for the top part of the table. Next i'm going to shape the legs and attach them. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages in one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be red twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Everybody knows that cola cola is red and starbucks Green. Chances are that most of us good name companies and their respective brand colors. What we may not be aware of is the science behind these company's choices of these colors. Color psychology is the study of how colors affect people's mood, behavior and the decision making. Companies use color psychology when they develop their brands and advertisements in order to persuade us to buy. In fact, studies have shown that around ninety percent of people based spending choices on color and the parents, because of this, companies use colors to influence how we feel about their products. For example, it's no accident that many tech products use White is simple, stylish and clean. Meanwhile, cosmetics companies tend to go for purple, black or pink colors that represent passion, luxury and romance. Companies often choose action colors that urge you to buy right now. Red, for instance, is a high energy, exciting colour that moves people to action. Yellow is the color of summer, which is also energetic and detention grabbing as well. It's no wonder that mcDonalds decided to use these two colors for its branding. Everybody knows that coca cola is red and starbucks Green. Chances are that most of us name companies and their respective brand colors. What we may not be aware of is the science behind these company's choices of these colors. Color psychology is the study of how colors affect people's mood, behavior and decision making. Companies use color psychology when they develop their brands and advertisements in order to persuade us to buy. In fact, studies have shown that around ninety percent of people, they are spending choices on color and parents. Because of this, companies use colors to influence how we feel about their products. For example, it's no accident that many tech products use White is simple, stylish and clean. Meanwhile, cosmetics companies tend to go for purple, black or pink colors that represent passion, luxury and romance. Companies often choose action colors that urge you to buy right now. Red, for instance, is a high energy, exciting colour that moves people to action. Yellow is the color of summer, which is also energetic and detention grabbing as well. It's no wonder that mcDonalds decided to use these two colors for its . branding questions. Eleven, what is the main idea of the passage? Twelve, which of the following statement is true about color psychology and its use by companies? Thirteen, why do you think mcDonald chose to use red and yellow for its branding? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Have you ever got wrestles if you haven't checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you're not alone. However, much of IT is because many apps, particularly social media apps, use clever techniques to keep us coming back for more. Perhaps the most common method is to push notifications you're getting on with your day when a notification pops shop on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. IT may seem like a small interruption, but is often is enough to break your concentration and make you engage with your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in APP experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, count the number of back to back days you have engaged with the APP. If you keep the record going, you might get a medal or some other gifts. Therefore, keeping one's record going becomes a major reason to return to the APP again and again. Once you've opened an APP, the goal is how to get you to continue. You, using IT messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged. Have you ever noticed that in certain apps, three dots appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply. This trick is designed specifically to create suspense. You wonder, what is my friend going to say, well, you'll have to stick around and sea. Have you ever got restless if you haven't checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you're not alone. However, much of IT is because many apps, particularly social media apps, use clever techniques to keep us coming back for more. Perhaps the most common method is to push notifications you're getting on with your day when a notification pops up on your screen informing you that your friend has posted something new or commented on your post. IT may seem like a small interruption, but IT often is enough to break your concentration and make you engage with your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in APP experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, count the number of back to back days you have engaged with the APP. If you keep the record going, you might get a medal or some other gifts. Therefore, keeping one's record going becomes a major reason to return to the APP again and again. Once you've opened an APP, the goal is how to get you to continue using IT messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged. Have you ever noticed that in certain apps, three dots appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply. This trick is designed specifically to create suspense. You wonder, what is my friend going to say? Well, you'll have to stick around . and see questions. Fourteen, what is the purpose of the article? Fifteen, what is the purpose of pushing notifications? Sixteen, what can we learn from the passage? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following . conversation. Hi, i'm calling about the advertisement for the apartment found in . today's newspaper. Oh, hi, what would you like to know? First of all. how big is IT? Well, it's a two bedroom apartment with a living room, a dining room, a kitchen and one bathroom. And does the apartment have any appliances? Well, the apartment has a refrigerator, a gas cooker and a microwave oven, but there is no washing machine or television in IT. Okay, what's the rent? And can I pay the rent? Month the month? It's six hundred dollars a month. And sorry, we require a three months payment in advance for the apartment. And if you cancel the agreement anytime during the period, you lose your deposit. Oh, and how much is the . deposit is? Four hundred dollars. And of course, you will get the money back after you move out minus small fee, you know like cleaning. However, if you turn the higher b side down, then don't expect to get anything back. That's okay. And one last question, pets allowed. You can keep a small pet like a rat in a small cage, but larger animals like dogs or cats are not allowed. If you may also lose your deposit. That's great. Is IT possible for me to drop by and visit the apartment next weekend? sure. But remember, first come, first served. There's no guarantee it'll still be available when. Hi, i'm calling about the advertisement for the apartment found in today's newspaper. Oh, hi, what would you like to know? First of all, how big is IT? Well, it's a two bedroom apartment with a living room, a dining room, a kitchen and one bathroom. And does the apartment have any appliances? Well, the apartment has a refrigerator, a gas cooker and microwave oven, but there is no washing machine or television in IT OK. What's the rent? And can I pay the rent? Month, the month? It's six hundred dollars a month. And sorry, we require a three months payment in advance for the apartment. And if you cancel the agreement anytime during the period, you lose your deposit. Oh, and how much is the . deposit is? Four hundred dollars. And of course, you will get the money back after you move out minus small fee, you know like cleaning. However, if you turn the height upside down, then don't expect to get anything back. That's okay. And one last question, pets are loud. You can keep a small pet like a rat in a small cage, but larger animals like dogs or cats, or not a loud, if found, you may also lose your deposit. That's great. Is IT possible for me to drop by and visit the apartment next weekend? So but remember, first come, first served. There's no guarantee it'll still be . available. When questions seventeen, what kind of apartment is the man asking about? Eighteen, how much should the man pay now if he wants to rent the apartment? Nineteen, in what condition will the man lose his deposit completely? Twenty, whom will the woman rent the apartment too? 听力考试结束。