Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 词汇讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦必修一“Natural Disasters”单元词汇与表达，系统涵盖自然灾害核心词汇如disaster, tornado, flood等，通过问题导入（如“Do you know any natural disasters?”）引发思考，按“基础词汇—具体灾害类型—相关动作与影响”脉络构建知识链，为学生搭建主题词汇学习支架。 其亮点在于对词汇进行多维解析，包含音标、释义、短语、中英对照例句及派生词、形近词辨析（如damage, destroy, ruin的用法区分），助力学生精准理解与运用。结合语言能力培养（语境化例句提升表达）和思维品质发展（辨析比较增强逻辑），学生能夯实词汇基础并提升语境运用能力，教师可直接利用系统资源优化教学效率。

Words and Expressions 必修一 Natural Disasters 1 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? tornado [tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ ] n.(-oes/-os) 龙卷风;旋风 2 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? drought [draʊt ] n.旱灾;久旱 这场旱灾已经使至少两千只动物死亡。 The drought has killed at least two thousand animals. 3 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? landslide [ˈlændslaɪd] n. (landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡 这场持续十小时的大雨造成了许多滑坡。 The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslides 4 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? tsunami [tsu:ˈnɑ:mi ] 海啸 5 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? flood [flʌd] n. 洪水;大量 v.淹没;大量涌入 ;使灌满水 a flood of… 一大群... flood in... 大量涌入... 6 disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害 Do you know any natural disasters? volcanic eruption [vɔlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃən] 火山喷发 7 magnitude [ˈmæɡnɪtju:d ] n. (地)震级; 重大 这次地震的震级是多少？ What was the magnitude of the earthquake? magnificent (adj.) 壮丽的；宏伟的；极好的 magnify （v.）放大 8 rescue [ˈreskju: ] n./v. 营救;救援 come to sb’s rescue = rescue sb 救援某人 rescue … from… 把…从…中救出来 那个士兵把这个婴儿从洪水中救出来。 The soldier rescued the baby from the flood. 9 damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ ] v. 损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失 do/cause damage to… 对…造成损害 damage one’s health 损害某人的健康 这次旱灾已经对庄稼造成了巨大的损害。 The drought has done great damage to the crops. 他的车在事故中被损害得很严重。 His car was badly damaged in the accident. 众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。 As we all know, smoking will damage our health. 10 destroy [dɪ'strɔɪ] v.摧毁;毁灭 destroy-destroyed-destroyed-destroying 这栋建筑被大火彻底摧毁了。 The building was destroyed by fire. 他们已经销毁了所有证据。 They have destroyed all the evidence. destruction n. 毁灭；毁坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 11 ruin ['ru:ɪn] n./v. 破坏;毁坏 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；严重受损;破败不堪 辨析： damage: 指部分性的,不严重的破坏 。 destroy: 严重的破坏 ,往往不可修复。 ruin: 比destroy造成的破坏更严重。 也可指破坏名声,期望等等。 这座曾经繁华一时的城市现在成了废墟。 The once prosperous city is now lying in ruins. 12 evacuate [ɪˈvækjueɪt] v. 疏散;撤出;撤离 数千人在洪水之前被撤离。 Thousands of people were evacuated before the flood. evacuation n.疏散；撤离 evacuated adj. 疏散的；排空的 13 helicopter [ˈhelɪkɒptə(r) ] n. 直升机 by helicopter 幸存者由直升机运往安全的地方。 The survivors were lifted to safety by helicopter. 14 death [deθ] n. 死;死亡 die: v. 死亡 dying: adj. 濒死的 dead: adj. 死的 deadly: 致命的 pass away: 去世 这次火灾没有造成伤亡。 The wildfire caused no deaths and no injuries. 这次洪涝造成了8人死亡。 The flood caused eight deaths. The dead 死者；逝者 (the+adj. ：表示一类人) 15 affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响; (疾病)侵袭; 感染;深深打动 （1）affect deeply/greatly/seriously 深刻地/大大地/严重地影响 be affected by... 被……打动；受……影响 be affected with... 感染...疾病 （2）affection n.喜爱;感情；关爱；影响 have an affection for... 喜爱... （3）effect n.作用，影响 have an/no effect on/upon... 对...有/无影响 in effect 实际上；事实上 put into effect 实行;实施 观众被这个感人的故事深深地打动了。 The audience were deeply affected by the moving story. 16 shelter ['ʃeltə] n.避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽 ;躲避(风/雨/危险) shelter/protect ...from... 保护...免受... Shelter from…… 躲避…… 树木可以保护田地不受冷风侵袭。 Trees can shelter fields from cold wind. 我们坐在阴凉处，躲避太阳。 We sat in the shade，__________ (shelter) from the sun. sheltering 17 crack [kræk]: n.裂纹;裂缝 v. (使)破裂 as if/though 似乎;好像;仿佛 看起来好像要下雨了。 It looks as if it is going to rain. crack down on sb/sth 镇压；制裁；严厉打击 我们应该严厉打击盗版。 We should crack down on piracy. 18 percent [pəˈsent]: n. 百分之… 70%的孩子喜欢玩电脑游戏。 70 percent of children like playing computer games. =(70% children like playing computer games.) 19 brick [brɪk]: n. 砖;砖块 metal ['metl]:  n. 金属 形近词： medal 奖章 model 模特 modern 现代的 ; 现代化的 20 shock [ ʃɒk] v.(使)震惊 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 他的突然死亡对他的家人来说是极大的震惊。 His sudden death was a great shock to his family. 这个消息将震惊整个世界。 The news will shock the whole world. 他对这个消息感到震惊。/ 这个消息令人震惊。 He was shocked at the news. / The news is shocking. a great shock to sb 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊 Be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 Be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 21 trap [træp] n. 险境;陷阱 v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套   昨晚她被困在着火的房子里。 She was trapped in the burning house last night. (1) trap sb into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入做某事的圈套；诱骗某人做某事 be/become/get trapped in… 陷入…; 被困在…中 (2) fall into a trap 落入圈套 set/ lay a trap for... 为...设圈套 拓展：trapped adj. 陷入困境的；受到限制的 22 bury [ˈberi ] vt.埋葬;安葬；使沉浸；使专心 bury oneself in sth=be buried in sth 埋头/专心于…… bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 be buried in thoughts 沉思 他掩面而泣。 He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他全身心扑在工作上。 He buries himself in his work. 23 breathe [ bri:ð]: v.呼吸 breath [breθ] n.呼吸 (1) breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe deeply 深呼吸 (2) breath n. 呼吸；气息 take a (deep) breath （深）呼吸 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 (3) breathless 气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的 24 breathe [ bri:ð]: v.呼吸 breath [breθ] n.呼吸 如果你跑得很快，你可能会喘不过气来。 If you run very fast, you may lose your breath. 25 revive [rɪˈvaɪv]: v.复活;(使)苏醒 revival [ rɪˈvaɪvl] n. 振兴;复苏  形近词：revise v.修改;修订;复习 经济正开始复苏。 The economy is beginning to revive. 26 effort ['efət ]: n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 make efforts/ an effort to do... 努力做…… make no effort to do... 没努力做…… spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事 = make every effort to do sth with effort 吃力地 without effort 毫不费力地 我会不遗余力地完成这个任务。 I will spare no effort to finish the task. 27 unify [ˈju:nɪfaɪ ] v. 统一;(使)成一体 新领袖希望把国家统一起来。 The new leader hopes to unify the country. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n. 智慧;才智 wise adj. 明智的; 英明的 words of wisdom 至理名言 28 context [ˈkɒntekst ] n. 上下文;语境;背景 你能从上下文猜出这个词的意思吗？ Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context? 29 suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vt. 遭受;蒙受 vi. (因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦 suffer from... 因…而痛苦;患有(疾病等) suffer pains/losses/damage/defeat/hunger/cold/trouble 经历/遭受疼痛/损失/失败/饥饿/寒冷…… 她可能患有心脏病。 She is likely to suffer from heart disease. 他在选举中遭受了失败。 He suffered a defeat in the election. suffering n.折磨；苦难 sufferer n.受难者 辨析： suffer 描述即时或短期痛苦 suffer from 描述长期或反复状态受...折磨（如慢性病或持续困扰） 30 volcano [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ ]: n. 火山   【pl.volcanoes / volcanos 】 erupt [ɪˈrʌpt] v. (火山)爆发; (岩浆/烟等)喷出 eruption n.爆发 volcanic eruption 火山爆发 volcanic adj.火山的 31 supply [səˈplaɪ] n.供应(量);补给; [pl.] 补给品 v. 供应;供给 in short supply 短缺 a good supply of… …的充足供应 supply sb with sth = supply sth. to sb 向某人提供某物 = provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 我们将给穷人提供足够的水和食物。 We will supply enough water and food to poor people. 32 typhoon [taɪˈfu:n] 台风 这次台风袭击了亚洲的很多国家。 The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia. hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] : n. 飓风;风暴 台风和飓风都是热带气旋 台风：发生在北太平洋西部 飓风：大西洋和北太平洋东部地区 33 survive [səˈvaɪv] vt. 幸存;艰难度过 vi.生存;存活 survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n. 生存;幸存 survivor [səˈvaɪvə]: n.幸存者 survive on 靠…生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来 他被困在了一个孤岛上，所以他必须靠草根生存。 He was trapped in a lonely island, so he had to survive on grass roots. 34 power [ˈpaʊə(r) ] n.电力供应;力量;控制力 (1) come to/into power 掌权；上台 (be) in power 当权；执政 beyond one’s power 力所不能及 have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力 (2) powerful adj. 强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的 (3) powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的 他能够改变自己的人生。 He has the power to change his own life. 35 tap [tæp]: v. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍  n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲 tap on/at... 轻敲... knock on/at... 敲... tap into one’s talent 挖掘某人的天赋、才能 她关闭了所有水龙头。 She turned off all the taps. 他轻轻地敲了敲办公室的门，走了进去。 He tapped on/at the office door and went in. 36 pipe [paɪp] n. 管子;管道 whistle [ˈwɪsl ] v.吹口哨;发出笛声 n. 哨子(声);呼啸声 37 emergency [iˈmɜ:dʒənsi] n. 突发事件;紧急情况 当你被火困住时，你可以拨打紧急电话。 You can call an emergency number when you are trapped in a fire. emergency exit 紧急出口 emergent 紧急的 38 calm [ kɑ:m ] adj.镇静的;沉着的 v. 使平静;使镇静 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 calm (sb) down (使某人)平静下来 不论发生什么，都要保持冷静 Stay calm no matter what happens. 39 aid [eɪd] n.援助;帮助;救援物资 v. (formal)帮助;援助 with the aid of 在……的帮助下 in aid of 为了帮助…… aid sb in sth 帮助某人某事 aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 他经常帮助妈妈打扫房间 He often aids his mother to clean the room. 40 crash [kræʃ] v. 碰撞;撞击; 坠毁 n. 撞车;碰撞; 坠毁 crash into... 碰撞/撞上…… 他感到自己的头撞到了什么坚硬、冰冷的东西。 He felt his head crash into something hard and cold. kit [kɪt] n. 成套工具;成套设备 first aid kit 急救箱 41 sweep [swi:p] v. 打扫;清扫 sweep-swept-swept 我们每天下午都扫地。 We sweep the floor every afternoon. 她的微笑驱散我的了悲伤 Her smile swept away my sorrow. sweep away: 清除；一扫而空；被卷走/冲走 42 wave [weɪv] n. 海浪; 波浪 v. 挥手; 招手 give sb a wave 向某人招手 = wave to/at sb wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别 我向母亲挥手告别时她哭了。 My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her. 43 strike[straɪk] v. 侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课; 袭击 (struck, struck/stricken) (1) strike sb on/in+the+身体部位 打某人某部位 be struck by 被……打动 sth strikes sb = it strikes/hits/occurs to sb that…某人突然想起… (2) be/go on strike 在罢工 (3) striking adj. 惊人的；显著的；吸引人的 我正在读报纸的时候，突然想到一个好主意。 A good idea struck me when I was reading newspaper. 44 deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] v.递送;传达;发表 总统将发表关于新冠疫情的演讲。 The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19. deliver sth to sb=deliver sb sth. 将某物递送给某人 deliver/address a speech/lecture 发表演说 45 summary [ˈsʌməri ] n. 总结;概括;概要 In summary 总之 summarize v. 总结；概括 length [leŋθ] n.长;长度 long adj. 长的 lengthen v. 变长 strong— strength—strengthen 46 Thank you！ Words and Expressions 47 $