内容正文:
Unit 4 Eat well.单元语法《名词》专项讲解及练习
一、考点梳理
在中考中,名词的考点只要集中在:名词的辨析、名词的单复数和名词所有格。
二、用法归纳
Part1 可数名词及其复数
可数名词:可以和具体数字连用的名词叫可数名词,可数名词有单复数的形式。
可数名词变复数形式
规则变化
例词
一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s
book—books, pen—pens
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词后面加-es
class—classes, box—boxes, brush—brushes, watch—watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
factory—factories, lady—ladies,
dictionary—dictionaries, library—libraries
以f(e)结尾的名词,变f(e)为v,再加-es
wife—wives, knife—knives, wolf—wolves,
thief—thieves, shelf—shelves, self—selves,
life—lives, half—halves, leaf—leaves
(口诀:妻子拿刀去砍狼,架后小偷用叶挡,差点送了自己半条命)
以o结尾表示有生命的名词,变复数时加-es
hero—heroes,tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes(口诀:英雄爱吃西红柿土豆)
以o结尾表示无生命的名词,变复数时加-s
photo—photos, radio—radios
不规则变化
例词
改变名词中的元音字母或部分元音
字母
foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese
woman—women, man, man—men
单复数同形
sheep, deer, fish
常以复数形式出现
服装类:trousers, socks, stockings, shoes, gloves, clothes,
工具类:scissors, glasses
其他:thanks, wishes, vegetables
表示“某国人”中日不变,英法变,变a为e,其余词尾加-s
Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,
Englishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen,
American—Americans, Indian—Indians
特殊变化
child—children, mouse—mice
合成名词
例词
一般合成词,只将主体名词变成复数
apple tree—apple trees, boy student—boy students
以woman, man开头的合成词,前后都变成复数
woman teacher—women tean teachers,
man doctor—men doctors
以woman, man结尾的合成词,将woman, man变成复数
policeman—policemen,
policewoman—policewomen
集体名词
例词
总是用作复数
people, police
可作单数(视为整体),也可作复数(强调其中成员)
class, family, team, group
Part2 不可数名词
不可数名词:不可以和具体数字连用,没有单复数形式。
不可数名词
用法
例词
不可数名词是指不能以数目计算,不可以分成个体的名词,包括物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数
物质名词:rice, water, wood
抽象名词:health, love, anger
不能与表示数字的词或不定冠词a/an直接连用,但可与some,much,a lot of等一起用。若特指某物时可与the一起用
some bread, a lot of water, the milk
不可数名词表示“一件”“两个”等“量”的概念时,要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示
a piece of news,three bottles of water
易错提醒
有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
room
房间
空间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
time
次数
时间
orange
橙子
橙汁
experience
经历
经验
paper
试卷
纸张
work
作品
工作
Part3 专有名词
专 有名 词
类别
例词
国名、地名、山河
England, Shanghai, the Yangtze River
人名、尊称、头衔
Mike, Mr. Wang, President Bush
星期、月份、节日
Saturday, February, Christmas
团体、机构
the United Nations
普通名词构成
Class Four, Grade Seven
Part4 名词所有格
名词所有格
s格
构成方式
例词
单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词一般加’s
my father’s
以s结尾的专有名词,可加’s,也可加’,以s结尾的复数名词,通常加’
the twins’ father;Dickens’(或Dickens’s)novels
表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s
Lily’s and Lucy’s bedrooms(一共两个卧室)
表示共有时,只需在最后一个名字后加’s
Lily and Lucy’s bedroom(一个卧室)
表示“某人的店铺、诊所”等时,所有格后的名词省略
at the doctor’s
of格
表示无生命的物的名词,名词+of+名词
the leg of the chair, a map of China
双重所有格:名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格
a friend of ours, a friend of my father’s
三、语法跟踪练
I. 选择填空。
1. —What do you think is the most important in a match?
—I think it is the _________ . We should work together.
A. score B. teamwork C. service
2. —Our government calls on us to try to save energy.
—That’s right. We must make full ________ of the things we have.
A. use B. sense C. fun
3.—Our school neighborhood has too much rubbish. What should we do?
—We could start a clean-up _________ !
A. problem B. project C. promise
4. We should keep our family ________ alive so that traditional Chinese culture can develop smoothly.
A. decoration B. situation C. tradition
5. —I play tennis and basketball, and I go swimming in summer.
—You are really a ________ lover!
A. music B. food C. sports
II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other ________ (city).
2. There are tigers of different ________ (size) and the largest can be over two meters tall.
3. When someone says it’s a ________ (please) for him to do something, he believes it is a happy thing.
4. My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________ (child) Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
参考答案
Ⅰ.1-5 BABCC
Ⅱ.1.cities 2.sizes 3.pleasure 4.Children's
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