2026年中考英语复习语法专题非谓语动词

中考复习语法专题——非谓语动词 非谓语动词思维导图 构成：to + 动词原形 动词不定式 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词) 动词的非谓语形式 分词 作用：表、定、状、补 构成：v.-ing 动名词 作用：主、宾、表、定 非谓语动词定义：非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式； 2. 动名词； 考点一：动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的作用 (1)作主语：To do the exercise is good. = It is good to do the exercise(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末。) (2)作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 温馨提示： 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 表语 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。) We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 宾语 我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(we是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语： ①作及物动词的宾语。 She wishes to be a musician. ②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等， I am determined to give up smoking. 温馨提示：动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on how to solve the problem? (4)作宾语补足语(如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去) Tell the children not to play the game. I saw a little girl enter into the house. I don’t think it right to do it that way. 温馨提示：动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置。 (5)作定语： Is this the best way to help him?(动词不定式位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后) He is the man to depend on.(动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词) The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去) (6)作状语： ①目的状语 Every morning he gets up very early to read English. She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English.=In order to improve her English she reads China Daily every day. To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语： They lived to see the liberation of their home town. You are old enough to take care of yourself now.( too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果) 2、动词不定式的特殊用法（易错点） ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 3、 常接动词不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的动词有（高频考点）： 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词 learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb.+to do结构，否定式“动词+sb.+not to do” ）常见的有： tell 告诉 ask 请 order 命令 warn 警告 teach 教 want 想要 wish 希望 expect 期望 encourage 鼓励 allow 允许 invite 邀请 advise 建议 require 要求 force 强迫 如：Do you want me to find out the phone number? 你想要我找出那个电话号码吗？ 考点二：动名词 1、动名词的构成 动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。 2、 动名词作用 1)直接位于句首做主语。 (动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数) Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语的常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children. 3)“There be”结构。(在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语) There is no saying when he'll come. There is no joking about such matters. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 注意：动名词用于布告形式的省略结构中。 如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 4)动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 5)作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。 Would you mind opening the window? She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 温馨提示： 在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语：find/think/consider… + it(形式宾语) + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing(真正宾语)。 形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. Do you consider it any good trying again? The music is well worth listening to more than once. 3、常接动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有（高频考点）： avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy 4、有些动词后接不定式或动名词时， 意义差别较大（易错点）。如： forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) 　　　　　　　forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) 　　　　　remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　　stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 　　　　　　try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 非谓语动词练习题 1.The determined young man struggled ________(make) ends meet, working part-time in a restaurant in his spare time. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这位坚定的年轻人努力奋斗维持生计，业余时间在餐馆做兼职。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”。故填to make。 2、She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现小猫被烟花吓坏了，躲在沙发底下。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，frighten和kitten之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填frightened。 3、There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 4、She is keen on ________(learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 【答案】learning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她热衷于学习弹钢琴，所以她每天都练习。空前on是介词，空处动词需用动名词形式learning作宾语。故填learning。 5、Paul knew that ________(be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practice more. 【答案】being 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保罗知道，比其他球员矮意味着他必须练习更多。空处作that引导的宾语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。故填being。 6、 My mum keeps ________(tell) me to study hard for bright future. 【答案】telling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈一直告诉我为了美好的未来，要努力学习。“keep doing”意为“一直做某事”，故填telling。 7、—What did you do this Sunday? — Well, I spent half a day （work） on the farm with my grandparents. 【答案】working 【详解】 句意：——这个星期天你干什么了？——嗯，我和祖父母在农场工作了半天。 考查非谓语动词。work动词原形；to work动词不定式；working动名词形式。spend…(in) doing sth.意为“花费……干某事” 8、My sister used to _______ （ride）bikes to school, but now she is used to _______ （walk） to school because she wants to exercise. 【答案】ride：walking 【详解】 句意：我妹妹过去骑自行车上学，但现在她习惯步行上学，因为她想锻炼身体。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，所以第一空使用ride；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，所以第二空使用walking。 9、Students should have outdoor activities every day ________（improve） their eyesight. 【答案】to improve 【详解】 句意：学生们应该每天进行户外活动来提高视力。 考查动词不定式和单词辨析。improve提高；check检查。根据“Students should have outdoor activities every day”可知，学生们每天进行户外活动的目的是提高视力，因此需要一个动词不定式表示目的，结合选项，to improve符合句意。 10、What did you think of the educational visit? Did you mind ________（ be）away from home for so long? A．be B．being C．to be D．to being 【答案】being 【详解】 句意：你觉得这次教育访问怎么样？你介意离开家这么长时间吗？ 考查动词短语。mind doing 意为“介意做某事”，结合选项可知，此空应该是being。 11、The manager asked his secretary ________（ finish）the report before Friday. 【答案】D 【详解】to finish 句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。 考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/动名词；to finish完成，动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。 12、— I regret ________ （talk）back to my mother. I couldn’t control myself at that moment. — You should ________ （say）sorry to her right now. 【答案】talking; say 【详解】 句意：——我后悔和母亲顶嘴。那一刻我无法控制自己。——你现在应该向她道歉。 考查“regret”和情态动词的用法。regret doing sth.后悔做了某事；regret to do sth.后悔要做某事。根据情境可知，应该是“后悔和母亲顶嘴”，是做过的事情，应该使用“regret doing sth.”；根据情态动词“should”后接动词原形可知，应该使用“say”。 13、—How about going shopping this Saturday, Tina? —I prefer ________（stay） at home to ________（ go）out for shopping. 【答案】staying; going 【详解】 句意：——蒂娜，这个星期六去购物怎么样？——我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去购物。 考查动词形式。stay是动词，意为“待”；go是动词，意为“走”。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.意为“宁愿做某事也不愿意某事”。 14． （Help）increase people’s incomes, our government called for a comeback of street stalls (地摊) last year. 【答案】To help 【详解】 句意：为了帮助增加人们的收入，政府去年号召大家摆地摊。 考查动词不定式。help帮助，根据“our government called for a comeback of street stalls (地摊) last year”可知，应该是为了帮助增加人们的收入，用动词不定式作目的状语。 15、—What’s wrong with your grandpa’s flower? —Most plants require regularly ________. 【答案】watering 【详解】 句意：——你爷爷的花怎么了？——大多数植物需要定期浇水。 考查非谓语。sth require doing“某事需要被做”，是固定短语，此处用动名词的主动表达被动的含义。 16．The watch doesn’t work. Mr. King was made __________(repair) it. 【答案】to repair 【详解】 句意：这表不走了。金先生被派去修理它。 考查非谓语动词。be made to do sth“被让做某事”，make在被动句中，后面接动词不定式作主语补足语。 17、The Smiths are considering ________ (move)to England because they ________(be used to )the cold weather there. 【答案】not moving; aren’t used to 【详解】 句意：史密斯一家正在考虑不搬到英国，因为他们不习惯那里寒冷的天气。 考查非谓语动词及固定短语。consider用法是consider (not) doing sth，意为“考虑（不）做某事”，故排除选项B和D；be used to习惯于，后接名词或动名词。 18、Boys and girls, attention, please! We are not allowed ________ (take)photos here. 【答案】to take 【详解】 句意：同学们，请注意！我们不允许在这里拍照。 考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，动词不定式作主语补足语. 19、I prefer (live) in the peaceful countryside to living in the big city, because that makes me ________(relax). 【答案】living ; relaxed 【详解】 句意：比起住在大城市，我更喜欢住在宁静的乡村，因为那使我放松。 考查非谓语动词以及形容词辨析。live是动词，意为“居住”，prefer doing to doing意为“比起做……更喜欢做……”。所以第一空填living。relax是动词，意为“放松”；relaxed放松的，是形容词，常用来是修饰人；relaxing令人放松的；是形容词，常用来修饰物；第二空表示“让我放松”，表示人的状态，故用-ed结尾的形容词。 20、—I’m sorry I _______(forget) my homework at home. —That’s all right. Don’t forget _______(bring) it to school this afternoon. 【答案】left, to bring 【详解】 句意：—— 对不起，我把作业忘在家里了。—— 没关系。今天下午别忘了把它带到学校来。 考查动词辨析和非谓语动词的用法。根据“I’m sorry I…my homework at home.”可知，把家庭作业留在家里了，时态用一般过去时，因此“left”符合句意，排除AB；forget to do sth忘记去做某事，forget doing sth忘记做过某事，根据“Don’t forget…it to school this afternoon.”可知，是不要忘记把作业带到学校，因此“ to bring”符合句意。 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $