Unit 4 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义聚焦词汇用法与复杂句分析核心知识点，系统讲解occupation、qualify等词汇的词形转换、固定搭配及即学即练，递进至复杂句类型（简单句、并列句等）与四大分析技巧（据谓语找主语、提主干去枝叶等），构建从词汇基础到句法结构的学习支架。 资料特色在于“学练结合”设计提升语言能力，如词汇填空、句子类型判断即时巩固；复杂句分析技巧培养思维品质，通过例句拆解训练逻辑分析；课文结合语法注释助力学习能力，如“My university life”中标注定语从句等。课中教师可借例句互动教学，课后学生能凭技巧与注释自主复习，查漏补缺。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．occupation n．工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 (1)under occupation 　 在占领之下，被占领 lose one's occupation 失业 (2)occupy v．　　　　　 占用；占据，占领；使忙于，使从事 be occupied in doing/with sth． 忙于(做)某事 occupy oneself (in) doing/with sth． 忙于(做)某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas． ②I have been occupied in reading (read) books． ③建筑工人们正忙于建造新房子。 a．The workers were occupied in building/with new houses．(be occupied in doing/with sth．) b．The workers occupied themselves (in) building/with new houses．[occupy oneself (in) doing/with sth．] 2．qualify vt．使合格，使具备资格 vi．取得资格(或学历)，合格 (1)qualify (as sth．)　 取得资格(或学历)；合格 qualify (for sth．) 达标；获得……资格 qualify sb．(for sth．)/to do sth． 使某人有权/资格(去做某事) (2)qualified adj．　　 符合资格的；具备……的学历(或资历) be qualified for... 有……的资格/能胜任…… be qualified as... 有资格做/当…… (3)qualification n． 资格，学历；资历 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①This training course will qualify you for a better job． ②Only a college diploma doesn't qualify you to take (take) up the job． ③There is no doubt that relevant working experience will make you qualified (qualify) for the post． ④我坚信我能胜任这份工作，因为我从小就学习中国画。 I firmly believe that I am qualified for this job，because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood． 复杂句分析 一、厘清句子类型 英文中的句子按照结构可分为三类：简单句(Simple sentence)、并列句(Compound sentence)、主从复合句(Complex sentence)和并列主从复合句(Compound­complex sentence)。 1．简单句 简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构的句子。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 简单句的8种基本句型： 类型 构成 主谓 主语＋不及物动词 主谓宾 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 主系表 主语＋系动词＋表语 主谓宾宾 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 主谓宾 宾补 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 主谓状 主语＋不及物动词＋状语 主谓宾状 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语 there be 句型 There＋be动词＋主语 典型例句： [As a matter of fact]，many college graduates go on to pursue careers [in fields (entirely unrelated to their college majors)][with little difficulty]． 事实上，很多大学毕业生在与自己的大学专业完全不相关的领域追求事业并没多大困难。 分析： 本句在略去所有的状语成分后，可以简化成“...，many college graduates go on to pursue careers...”，通过分析可以看到此句只有一个主谓结构，所以这是一个简单句。 There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store．(there be句型) 那家商店有很多种电视机在打折销售。 2．并列句 由并列连词(如and，so，but，or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。 并列句的分类和并列连词： 并列连词 举例 并列关系 and，both...and ...，not only...but (also) ...，neither...nor... 转折/对 比关系 but，while，yet，whereas 选择关系 or，whether...or...，either...or...，not...but... 因果关系 for，so Children are playing blind man's buff by the lake，and parents are sitting on the bench chatting． 孩子们在湖边玩蒙眼捉人游戏，家长们坐在长椅上闲谈。 Either you can do it by yourself，or you can ask someone else to do it． 或者你可以自己做，或者可以让别人去做。 3．主从复合句 当两个分句不是处于并列地位，而是一种主从关系时，便构成复合句(亦称复杂句)。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whose，which，while，what，who，whom，although等。复合句中的从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。 (1)名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 Where we shall have our sports meet is still a question．(主语从句) 我们在哪儿开运动会仍然是个问题。 We are discussing where we shall have our sports meet．(宾语从句) 我们正讨论我们在哪儿开运动会。 The news that our team won the game is true．(同位语从句) 我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。 —Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? ——你仍在考虑昨天的比赛吗？ —Oh，that's what makes me feel excited．(表语从句) ——噢，那就是使我感到兴奋的事情。 (2)形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whom，who，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。 This is the place which/that we visited． 这是我们参观过的地方。 I was the only person in my office who was married． 我是办公室唯一的已婚人士。 The exams were put off，which/as was exactly wonderful． 考试推迟了，这真的令人高兴。 The place where the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross­river traffic is the heaviest． 这座桥应该建在跨河交通最繁忙的地方。 (3)副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。 I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang．(时间) 我刚坐下，这时电话响了。 Since nobody is against the plan，let's begin．(原因) 既然没人反对这个计划，那我们开始吧。 He sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach them in good time．(目的) 他用空邮寄了这封信，以便他们能及早收到。 He didn't stop working though/although he was badly ill．(让步) 尽管病得很严重，他也没有停止工作。 4．并列主从复合句 并列主从复合句既含有并列分句，又含有从句，或者说就是含有主从复合句的并列句。 Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him． 尽管他学习非常刻苦，考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。 The team captain jumped for joy，and the fans cheered because we won the state championship． 队长高兴得跳起来，球迷们因我们获得州冠军而欢呼。 [即时训练1]　判断下列句子所属的句子类型 ①A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o'clock． 简单句 ②He found it increasingly interesting to read，but his eyesight was beginning to fail． 并列句 ③As I approached，one of them put his finger to his lips． 主从复合句 ④She told me that she wanted to abandon this work，but she didn't make it into fact because she needed money． 并列主从复合句 二、巧用技巧分析 方法1　据谓语，找主语 一般情况下，我们可以根据谓语动词来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词，则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外。) First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖)． [分析] 　本句的谓语为was introduced，本句的主干为the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity；First announced in April，2016为过去分词短语作状语；which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml为定语从句，修饰先行词the tax，其中containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml为动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰soft drinks。 [翻译]　该税法于2016年4月首次公布，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖症。该税法适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料。 方法2　提主干，去枝叶 一般情况下，一个主从复合句的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。 This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”． [分析]　本句的主干为This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”； to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit作后置定语修饰ability，其中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，作recognize的宾语，而这个从句中又包含一个由before引导的状语从句。 [翻译]　这种识别形状需要往特定方向上旋转才能放入物体的能力被称为“非自我中心参照系”。 方法3　寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义，则长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。 Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self­growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements． [分析]　 本句为主从复合句，句中Whether引导主语从句，as引导原因状语从句，how well引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语。 [翻译]　你与教授相处得是否融洽对你自身发展有着巨大的影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。 方法4　看搭配，防分隔 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会产生偏差。 Then when they come to other doors in life，be they real or metaphorical，they won't hesitate to open them and walk through． [分析]　本句的主干为they won't hesitate to open them and walk through；when they come to other doors in life为时间状语从句；be they real or metaphorical为插入语，对other doors进行补充说明。 [翻译]　这样，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，无论是真的门，还是比喻意义的门，他们将毫不犹豫地打开它们，然后穿过去。 [即时训练2]　分析下列复合句 ①Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call，the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句，在从句中that引导宾语从句。 ②Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities，but most of them move far beyond skill­based emotional intelligence． [分析]　本句为并列主从复合句。but连接两个分句，前一分句中that引导宾语从句。 ③Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。主干为Producing food wastes the water，fuel，and other resources；Producing food是动词­ing形式短语作主语；that no one eats是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语；used to grow it是过去分词短语作the water，fuel，and other resources的后置定语。 用恰当的词填空 Knowledge economy age is an age 1．when new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before．Therefore，everyone should renew his or her knowledge，2．or he or she will be left behind in society． There 3．are (be) some ways to update knowledge．On the one hand，one can attend different courses at all types of schools，either part­time 4．or full­time．On the other hand，self­study is a more convenient and practical method by 5．which one can effectively renew his or her knowledge． 6．Although/Though/While I am busy doing daily work，I still insist on teaching myself at night．In this way，I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7．but also apply new knowledge to my practical work，8．which benefits me a lot． 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①certificate n．文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书 ②relieved adj．感到宽慰的；放心的 ③launch sb． into使某人开始做；使某人投入 ④carve out艰苦创业，奋斗取得 ⑤breast n．胸部，胸脯 ⑥curtain n．幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物 ⑦in a flash转瞬间，立即 ⑧reflect on sth．认真思考；沉思 ⑨drive n．车道 ⑩tight adv．紧紧地，牢固地 adj．牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 ⑪fit in适应 ⑫mature adj．明白事理的，成熟的 vi．成熟，长成；有判断力 ⑬be responsible for对……负责 ⑭compose oneself使自己镇定下来 ⑮take in注意到，看到；收留，收容；欺骗，使上当；理解，领会 ⑯lay out铺开，展开，摊开；布置，策划 ⑰dormitory n．学生宿舍，集体宿舍 ⑱circus n．热闹场面；马戏团 ⑲take a deep breath深吸一口气 ⑳essay n．文章，短文 ㉑geometry n．几何(学)；几何形状 ㉒paragraph n．段，段落 ㉓instead of代替；作为……的替换 ㉔put off推迟；拖延 ㉕laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 ㉖sneeze vi．打喷嚏 n．喷嚏，喷嚏声 ㉗reference n．参考；提到；推荐信 vt．查阅，参考 reference book参考书 ㉘draft n．草稿，草案，草图 vt．起草，草拟 ㉙edit vt．编辑；校订 ㉚polish vt．& vi．修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n．抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛 ㉛drawer n．抽屉 ㉜stick to坚持；遵守(诺言、协议、决定、原则等)，遵循(规则) ㉝presentation n．幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出 ㉞cafeteria n．自助餐厅，自助食堂 ㉟bounce vt．(向某人) 试探地透露(主意) vi．跳动 n．弹跳；活力 bounce ideas off sb．向某人试探地透露主意 ㊱stimulating adj．趣味盎然的，激励人的 ㊲productive adj．多产的；富有成效的 ㊳professor n．教授；讲师，教员 ㊴beard n．胡须，络腮胡子 ㊵intimidating adj．吓人的，令人胆怯的 ㊶dawn on sb．使开始明白；使渐渐领悟；使开始理解 ㊷take an interest in 对……感兴趣 ㊸carriage n．(火车的)客车厢；(旧时载客的)四轮马车 My university life I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate①[1]．I was happy and relieved② ，yet worried and anxious about the future．What was my first job going to be like? This short walk was going to launch me into③ a whole new world．How would I manage? Would I be able to carve out④ a career for myself? My name was called and I moved into the lights．I heard the applause．I knew my parents would be watching and smiling at each other and I tried to relax．I held my certificate against my breast⑤ and smiled at the camera．Before I knew it[2]，the ceremony was over and the curtain⑥ had come down on my university life．Where had the time gone？Four years had disappeared in a flash⑦．I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected on⑧ those four years． 　　[1]when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the moment。 [2]Before引导时间状语从句。 I remembered arriving at university on my very first day，pausing at the gate to look down the long drive⑨[3]．I could feel my hands sweating slightly and I had to hold on tight⑩ to my suitcase．Would I be able to fit in⑪？ Did this new phase of my life mean that I was now mature⑫ enough to be entirely responsible for⑬ my own successes and failures? I took a few seconds to compose myself⑭ and to take in⑮ the scene that was laid out⑯ before me[4]．The campus was alive with people．Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups，carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory⑰buildings．I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus⑱[5]．I took a deep breath⑲ and carried on into the heart of the campus．Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life．[6] 　　[3]动词­ing形式短语作状语。 [4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the scene。 [5]if引导宾语从句，if意为“是否”。 [6]本句为否定词little置于句首引导的部分倒装句。 I remembered working on my first assignment．It was a 3，000­word essay⑳ on geometry㉑ and I wasn't even sure how to begin the first paragraph㉒．Instead of㉓ seeking good advice，I kept putting it off㉔．Rather unwisely，I left it to the last minute．As the deadline approached，I had to stay up all night working on my laptop㉕ to complete it．The next day I felt dizzy and started coughing and sneezing㉖．Unsurprisingly，it wasn't a very good essay．However，this taught me a valuable lesson．As soon as I received the next assignment，I headed straight for the library to find the reference㉗ books I needed for my research[7]，and then created an outline followed by a draft㉘[8]．After careful editing㉙ and polishing㉚， the result was a much better essay than the last，and it was ready in my desk drawer㉛ days before the deadline．I would stick to㉜ this approach for the duration of my studies． 　　[7]该句为定语从句，修饰先行词reference books。 [8]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词outline。 I remembered cooperating with my classmates on group projects．Everyone would be assigned a specific task，and my role was usually to produce the presentation㉝．We would meet in the school cafeteria㉞ to bounce㉟ ideas off each other，and would laugh and argue and laugh some more as we learnt to work together as a team．I realized that learning didn't have to be a solo effort and that working with other people could be much more stimulating㊱ and productive㊲ than working alone[9]． 　　[9]两个that均引导宾语从句。 I remembered visiting my favourite professor㊳， a tall gentleman with his beard㊴ and hair going grey，during his office hours for the first time．Initially，I found his strictness intimidating㊵， but quickly came to admire him for his vast knowledge and deep understanding of his subject．It soon dawned on㊶ me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know[10]，and they do take a genuine interest in㊷ their students' intellectual development． 　　[10]what引导宾语从句。 I heard my parents' voices calling me and I returned to the moment． After the graduation ceremony we headed home by train．I looked out of the carriage㊸ window at the world speeding by[11]．The journey home gave me time to think about what the future might hold for me[12]． University has changed me．Not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work，but I am also more confident about my own abilities．I have grown as an adult and I have also discovered more about myself． Yes，I am ready for a new phase in my life． 　　[11]动词­ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词world。 [12]what引导宾语从句。 我的大学生涯 我和我的毕业生同学们一起等待着上台领学位证书的那一刻。我心中高兴而欣慰，但又对未来怀着忧虑。我的第一份工作会是什么样的？这短短的几步路将会把我领入一个全新的世界。我该如何应对？我能为自己开创一番事业吗？我的名字被叫到了，我走到灯光下。耳边响起掌声。我知道父母在看着我，相视而笑。我努力让自己放松。我把证书抱在胸前，对着镜头微笑。不知不觉中，仪式结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。时间都去哪儿了？四年一晃就过去了。我手拿证书伫立着，回想起那四年的岁月。 我记得来上大学的第一天，我在校门口停下，望着长长的车道。我能感到双手在微微出汗，只得紧紧握住行李箱。我能适应吗？人生步入这个新阶段，是否意味着我已经足够成熟，可以完全承担起自己的成功和失败？我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。校园里人来人往。神情焦虑的家长和兴高采烈的学生正三三两两地交谈着，他们有的提着大包小包，有的正出入学生宿舍楼。开学第一天都这样热闹吗？我深吸一口气，继续往校园里面走。我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 我想起我做的第一份作业。那是一篇三千字的几何小论文。我甚至不知道该怎么开始第一段。我没有去寻求好的建议，而是一直拖着没下笔。相当不明智的是，我拖延到了最后一刻。眼看最后期限就要到了，我只能抱着笔记本电脑熬了一整夜，把论文赶出来。第二天我就感觉头晕，开始咳嗽和打喷嚏。当然了，文章写得并不好。不过这给我上了宝贵的一课。在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就径直跑到图书馆，查阅研究所需的参考书籍，然后定提纲，写初稿。经过仔细校订和润色之后，结果是比上一稿好很多的文章，并且在截止日期前几天它就在我书桌抽屉里，随时可交。在以后的求学生涯中，我会坚持这种做法。 我想起和同学们一起完成小组项目。每人都会分到一份特定的任务，我通常负责制作演示幻灯片。我们会在学校的自助餐厅开会，大家各抒己见，常常开怀大笑，而后又相互争论，然后又欢笑起来，与此同时我们也学会了团队协作。我明白了学习不必只是一个人的拼搏，与他人合作会比单打独斗更妙趣横生，更成果斐然。 我想起第一次拜访我最喜爱的教授，那是在他的办公时间。他是一位身材高大、须发皆白的先生。起初，我觉得他严厉得吓人，但我很快就开始因他广博的学识和对其学科的深刻理解而崇拜他了。很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。 我听到父母在叫我，于是回过神来。毕业典礼结束后，我们坐火车回家。我看着车窗外飞驰而过的世界。返乡的路上，我有了时间来思考未来会带给我什么。大学生活改变了我。如今我不仅为职业生涯做好了更多学识上的准备，而且对个人能力也更有信心了。我长大成人了，对自己也更加了解。是的，我已准备好拥抱下一个人生阶段了。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $