Unit 3 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦过去进行时的被动语态核心语法点，通过美文诵读中主动语态（①②④）与被动语态（③⑤）的例句对比，系统梳理定义、构成（肯定/否定/疑问/特殊疑问句型）、用法（过去某时刻进行的被动动作、条件从句替代过去将来时被动、计划中的被动动作）及与一般过去时被动语态（过程vs结果）的区别，搭建完整学习支架。 资料以“语篇导入-语法解构-多维应用”为特色，通过美文诵读创设真实语境，融合词汇（如tear down, in favour of）与语法（动词-ing作结果状语）教学提升语言能力。多样练习（单句转换、短文填空、语篇阅读）培养思维品质，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习题助力学生自主巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Using language) 过去进行时的被动语态 美文诵读 语法体悟 My heart ①was beating rapidly in my chest as I had a rest under a tree shade．My cheeks were red，and I ②was breathing heavily．When my breathing returned to normal，I reflected on what had just been achieved．Six weeks ago，hearing that a city half-marathon for amateurs ③was being organized to help raise money for charity，I decided to take part in spite of my lack of running experience．In order not to hurt my knees or ankles，I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre during the first week．Over the next five weeks，I gradually increased the distance．Soon I ④was running distances I had never thought possible．When the half-marathon finally started，I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits ⑤were being tested like never before．I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity． 1．①②和④为过去进行时的主动语态，表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的主动动作； 2．③和⑤为过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。 1．定义 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。 The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport． 当我们到达机场时，货物正在被装载。 2．构成 (1)肯定句：主语＋was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then． 那时长江上另一座桥正在被建造。 (2)否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday． 昨天的这个时候他没有在修理电视机。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) Was a new library being put up in their school just then? 他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) What was being done to the machine then? 那时正在对这台机器采取什么措施？ 句型转换 ①They were holding a meeting when I arrived there． →A meeting was being held by them when I arrived there．(被动语态) ②His car was being repaired when I came in． →His car was not being repaired when I came in．(否定句) ③The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time． →Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time? (对the man进行提问) 3．基本用法 (1)表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的被动动作。常用的时间状语有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。 Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday． 昨天这个时候他们正在植树。 You were being expected by them yesterday，but you didn't turn up． 昨天他们一直在等你，可你没有来。 (2)用于条件或时间状语从句中，代替过去将来时的被动语态。 She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something． 她告诉我如果她被什么事给耽搁了，那么我就得替她去。 (3)表示过去某时刻按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作。 The host said that some rock music was being played by them next． 主持人说下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。 [名师点津]　过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。 Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then．(表示被动、正在进行的动作) 当时有几个病人正在当地的医院接受治疗。 Several patients were treated in the local hospital then．(表示过去发生的动作) 当时有几个病人在当地的医院接受治疗。 单句语法填空 ①Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as his car was being repaired (repair)． ②The students' attention was being fixed (fix) on their study when all the lights went out． ③They were living with their grandparents last month because their own house was being rebuilt(rebuild)． ④When we visited my grandparents last weekend，their new house was being painted (paint)． ⑤The lost girl was being looked (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park． 1．(教材原句)Which sentence emphasises process and which emphasises result? *emphasise v．强调(emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性) (1)emphasise the importance of... 　　　　　　　　 强调……的重要性；重视…… (2)put/lay/place emphasis on... 强调/重视…… 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(应用文写作之通知)It should be emphasised (emphasise) that everyone should come before the deadline． ②The emphasis (emphasise) is very much on learning the spoken language． ③(应用文写作之演讲稿)我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 a．We cannot emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much．(emphasise) b．We cannot put/lay/place emphasis on the importance of protecting our eyes too much．(emphasis) 2．(教材原句)Some people were tearing down the old gate． *tear down拆毁；拆除 tear up　　　　　　　 撕碎；撕毁(文件等) tear...into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片 tear...in half/into halves 把……撕成两半 tear apart 使四分五裂；使(关系密切的人)分离/分 开 tear one's heart out 使某人心如刀绞/伤心欲绝 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①We're planning to tear down the wall between the kitchen and the dining room． ②He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and to prepare a new one． ③If you tear the paper into halves，we can each have something to write on． ④(读后续写之动作描写)He tore (tear) apart the two tickets and handed one to me． ⑤(读后续写之情感描写)想到那些贫穷、饥饿的孩子，我心如刀绞。 The thought of those poor，hungry children was tearing my heart out． 3．(教材原句)...some were in favour of the new shopping mall，and some were against it． *in favour of支持；赞成 ask sb．a favour＝ask a favour of sb． 请某人帮忙 do sb．a favour＝do a favour for sb． 帮某人一个忙 in one's favour 对某人有利 单句语法填空/单句写作/同义句转换 ①This candidate has a lot in her favour，especially her experience of teaching． ②(应用文写作之求助信)我想告诉你一些关于我暑假计划的事情，并且我希望你能帮我一个忙。 I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favour/do a favour for me． ③Only a quarter of the students were for the proposal while a half of them were against it． →Only a quarter of the students were in favour of the proposal while a half of them were against it． 4．(教材原句)More than 40 years ago，China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy，starting out on a journey that would pave the way for China to become a fully-modernised socialist country． *pave the way for为……铺平道路；为……创造条件 clear the way for　为 ……扫清道路；给……做好准备 make way for 给……让路；让位给…… give way to 让自己陷于(某种情绪等)；向……让步 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①(读后续写之神态描写)I saw the puzzled look in his eyes gave way to sadness． ②Could you move your camping equipment to make way for the food? ③(应用文写作之环境保护)通过对废物进行分类，我们不仅可以减少污染，还可以节约能源，这将为宝贵资源的回收利用铺平道路。 By sorting the waste，we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy，which will pave the way for recycling of valuable resources． (教材原句)It has allowed China to accomplish in just four decades what took Western industrialised countries more than 200 years to achieve，breaking new ground in the history of human achievement． *动词-ing形式短语作结果状语 (1)“breaking...achievement”是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。 (2)动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语的用法： ①语法含义：多表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，动词-ing形式(短语)前可加thus以示强调。 ②逻辑主语：多为句子的主语或动词-ing形式(短语)前的整个句子，其逻辑主语与构成动词-ing形式的动词之间通常为主谓关系。 ③时态特征：动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此动词-ing形式只用一般式。 [名师点津]　动词-ing形式(短语)表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。 不定式(短语)多表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果，其前可加only表示强调。 单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①Just then，some kids ran at him，knocking (knock) his books out of his arms． ②We hurried to the hotel，only to be told (tell) that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather． ③(应用文写作之投稿信)As far as I'm concerned，we should also take English books and websites into consideration so that we can lay a solid foundation for English learning． →As far as I'm concerned，we should also take English books and websites into consideration，thus laying a solid foundation for English learning． 课时提升作业(八) (Unit 3　Using language) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：95分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The government is planning to implement education reform (改革) next year． 2．The country's economic (经济上的) growth has been steady over the past few years． 3．Her occupation (职业) as a teacher brings her great joy and fulfillment． 4．The city is still under reconstruction (重建) after the devastating earthquake． 5．The journalist (新闻记者) attended the press conference to gather information for her story． Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分) 1．学生正在做实验，这时突然停电了。 The students were performing an experiment in the lab when the power cut occurred． 2．我们听说被困在电梯里的人正在被营救。 We heard that people stuck in the lift were being rescued． 3．昨天这个时候，所有来这个村子的游客都正受到亲切的招待。 All visitors to this village were being treated with kindness at this time yesterday． 4．她开始怀疑他们是否真的在帮忙，因为有那么多竹子因为他们正在被砍掉。 She started wondering if they were actually helping，because so much bamboo was being cut down because of them． 5．那个女士在手术室外面走来走去，因为她的儿子正在接受手术。 The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was being operated on． 6．我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在被装饰。 We went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it was being decorated． 7．我清楚地记得那个证人当时正在接受一个记者的询问。 I remember well that the witness was being questioned by a journalist at that time． 8．她脚下的石头滚动着，当她正被拖进河里时，她大声呼救。 The stone under her feet rolled，and as she was being pulled into the river，she called out for help． 9．上个月的这个时候，这座桥还在建设中。现在我们可以过桥了。 The bridge was being built this time last month．Now we can cross it． 10．上周的周一到周五，我们一直在植树。 The trees were being planted from Monday to Friday last week by us． Ⅲ．短文语境填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) I heard that the school I once 1．studied (study) in would be rebuilt，so I went there to look back my old days．When I got there，the gate of the school 2．was being pulled (pull) down．I was heartbroken．The big tree in the garden 3．was being cut (cut) down by some workers，under 4．which we often played games with our friends．The teaching building which 5．was being destroyed (destroy) by forklifts(铲车)，was not the one 6．where we used to study．Bricks 7．were being cleaned (clean) up and garbage 8．was being carried (carry) away by trucks．I met my old English teacher，who was packing his things．He said a new modern school 9．would be built (build) in three years．It could contain about 3，000 students and provide 10．better (good) conditions for students． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Robotics has been a rapidly evolving field in recent years．Only in the past decade have scientists truly begun to understand the potential of robots in various aspects of our lives． They provide a new viewpoint on how technology can assist humans and bring up an old debate：whether robots will replace humans in the workplace or whether they will work alongside us in a cooperative way．The current fascination with robotics originates from the creative work of a team of researchers at a leading technology institute． When Dr Smith joined the institute to work on artificial intelligence，he was also involved in robotics projects．But he noticed something interesting：different industries had different expectations from robots．Dr Smith had been trained in traditional robotic programming，where each command represented a specific action．At the time，many people thought robotics was just a tool for repetitive tasks．But Dr Smith believed that robots could be much more．He wondered：Could robots actually have the ability to adapt and learn like humans? And could they change the way we work and live? It was 2020．Dr Smith's idea was considered revolutionary． Now，a few years later，Dr Smith is presenting his research at a conference and explaining how he is pushing the boundaries of robotics．For a long time，many people feared that robots would take away jobs．They thought technology must be controlled to protect human employment．But Dr Smith argues that robots are not a threat but an opportunity．Robots are based on algorithms and data，the manipulation of information．“What I say，” Dr Smith explains，“is that robotics is not about replacing humans—it's about strengthening our abilities．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人技术的发展历程、现状以及未来前景。 1．The present growing interest in robotics was caused by ． A．researchers at a technology institute B．leading experts in the study of economics C．famous scholars in the study of sociology D．some senior experts in artificial intelligence A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The current fascination with robotics originates from the creative work of a team of researchers at a leading technology institute．”可知，当前对机器人学的兴趣增长是由技术研究所的研究团队引发的。故选A。] 2．What does the underlined word “repetitive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Boring and unvaried． B．Creative and original． C．Important and essential． D．Complex and challenging． A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Dr Smith had been trained in traditional robotic programming，where each command represented a specific action．”和下文“But Dr Smith believed that robots could be much more．”可知，当时，许多人认为机器人学只是用于重复性任务的工具。由此可知，“repetitive”在此处应指“单调的，重复的”，与A选项意思相符。故选A。] 3．Dr Smith's argument is based on his belief that ． A．robotics comes from advanced programming B．robotics is as useful as any other technology C．technology is a system of meaningful tools D．robotics is a product of human creation D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“But Dr Smith argues that robots are not a threat but an opportunity...‘What I say，’ Dr Smith explains，‘is that robotics is not about replacing humans—it's about strengthening our abilities．’”可知，根据Smith博士的观点，机器人学是为了增强人类能力，而非取代人类。这表明他认为机器人是人类创造的产物，用于辅助和增强人类。故选D。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The threat of robots to human employment． B．Dr Smith's research on artificial intelligence． C．The history of robotics and its future prospects． D．The development of a leading technology institute． C　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Robotics has been a rapidly evolving field in recent years．Only in the past decade have scientists truly begun to understand the potential of robots in various aspects of our lives．”和文章接下来介绍了Smith博士对机器人技术的研究以及他认为机器人不是威胁而是机会，可以推断出本文的主旨是机器人技术的发展历程、现状及其未来前景。故选C。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay．But why wait? 1 You don't have to take a huge，life-changing step．You can take minute steps toward a brighter future．And start right now． 2 If you never try，you're going to be weighed down by your regrets．You're always going to wonder how your life would've turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself．Don't let your future self be disappointed by your present self． It doesn't matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you're never going to succeed．Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field． 3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach． At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction．If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you're never going to forgive yourself． 4 It's what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren't you giving yourself that same push? Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day．It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don't have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts．Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams． 5 Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown． A．Ask yourself what would be worse． B．Starting small is completely acceptable． C．You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams． D．New opportunities may lead to personal growth． E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts． F．You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential． G．Hard as it is，it's crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。 1．B　[根据下文“You don't have to take a huge，life-changing step．You can take minute steps toward a brighter future．And start right now．”提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步可知，设空处应是在建议从小的地方开始。故B选项能引出下文，符合语境。故选B。] 2．C　[根据下文“If you never try，you're going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don't let your future self be disappointed by your present self．”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项能概括本段主旨，符合语境。故选C。] 3．G　[下文“Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach．”提到要拥有坚定的心态可知，要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项能引出下文，符合语境。故选G。] 4．F　[上文“At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction．If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you're never going to forgive yourself．”提到不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感。故F选项能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。] 5．E　[上文“Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day...Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams．”提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡；本句为本段最后一句，故应说明这么做的结果。故E选项能承接上文，符合语境。故选E。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Mom was late once again! “Sorry，honey．I left the office only a little bit late，but the 1 caused really bad traffic，and I...” I hung up．All too often，situations like this happen．Being a teenager is not 2 ，and my parents often make me feel less important than their work． In third grade，I broke my arm at school．When the school nurse called my mom，she was too 3 to answer．When the phone call 4 my father，he sighed and said，“I'm in the middle of my research．” I waited in the nurse's office for hours before my parents finally 5 to take me to hospital． I wished my parents could spare me some time．To make my parents take me seriously，I 6 ．I tried to establish my own authority (权威) by 7 their schedule．My mom did everything possible to settle the problem，but nothing 8 until she met that adviser． One day after I shut my door in her face，my mom didn't complain or cry． 9 ，she knocked and said，“I have something to tell you．” I opened the door．“Today I met a really good adviser．He said that every time your daughter is angry，she is just saying：I 10 you．” It occurred to me that my anger was merely a mask for me to 11 my loneliness and disappointment．But facing one's 12 need is the first step towards being happier．This concept not only helped things between my parents and me but also enabled me to handle conflicts and emotions．I started to pay attention to other people's 13 ．When an angry customer approached me at my voluntary job，he was saying，“I need more service．” When a homeless person shouted to me in a parking lot，he was simply saying，“I need food and help．” I am now able to see 14 the fog of anger and see the real face and heart of other persons． Five minutes after I hung up on her，my mom's car finally appeared through the fog．She rolled down her window and said，“Let's go to a hotpot place，shall we？” “OK，but promise me you won't be late again，” I 15 ． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父母忙于工作，无暇顾及她的感受，导致作者感到很压抑。后来妈妈遇到一个顾问，开始学会正确对待别人的需求，作者和父母开始和解，并且，作者也学会接受别人，正视别人的需求。 1．A．rain　　　　　　 　 B．snow C．wind D．fog D　[根据文章最后一段的“Five minutes after I hung up on her，my mom's car finally appeared through the fog．”可知，此处是信息词fog的词汇复现。故选D。] 2．A．easy B．unusual C．awesome D．exciting A　[根据下文“my parents often make me feel less important than their work”可知，作者的父母把工作看得比她重要，这让作者感觉作为一个青少年是不舒适的。故选A。] 3．A．upset B．scared C．nervous D．busy D　[根据下文“I waited in the nurse's office for hours before my parents finally to take me to hospital．”可知，妈妈忙得没时间接电话。故选D。] 4．A．reached B．bothered C．alarmed D．woke A　[根据下文“he sighed and said，‘I'm in the middle of my research．’”可知，此处指学校护士的电话打到了父亲那里，reach sb．表示“联系某人”。故选A。] 5．A．passed by B．drove away C．showed up D．gave in C　[根据下文“take me to hospital”可知，父母最终出现了。故选C。] 6．A．chattered B．screamed C．whispered D．apologized B　[根据下文“my anger was merely a mask for me”可知，面对父母的不重视，作者选择用尖叫来宣泄自己的情绪。故选B。] 7．A．ignoring B．checking C．following D．completing A　[根据上文“I tried to establish my own authority”可知，作者为了让父母重视自己，选择通过无视父母的时间安排来建立自己的权威。故选A。] 8．A．appeared B．mattered C．happened D．worked D　[根据上文“My mom did everything possible to settle the problem，but nothing”可知，but表示转折，说明妈妈用尽了一切可能的方法来解决问题，却没有起任何作用。故选D。] 9．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Instead D．Meanwhile C　[根据上文“One day after I shut my door in her face，my mom didn't complain or cry．”和下文“she knocked and said，‘I have something to tell you．’”可知，作者对母亲摔门而去，母亲没有责备作者，反而说自己有事情要对作者说。故选C。] 10．A．hate B．need C．believe D．understand B　[根据下文“need is the first step towards being happier”可知，顾问告诉作者的母亲，作者生气背后的意思是在说自己需要母亲。故选B。] 11．A．avoid B．relieve C．show D．cover D　[根据上文“my anger was merely a mask for me”可知，愤怒不过是一种掩饰自己孤独和失望的面具。故选D。] 12．A．unmet B．urgent C．increasing D．physical A　[结合上文可知，作者希望父母多陪伴自己，但父母总是做不到，所以此处指自己未被满足的需求。故选A。] 13．A．behavior B．anger C．reaction D．satisfaction B　[根据下文“an angry customer”和“a homeless person shouted to me”可知，作者开始注意别人的愤怒。故选B。] 14．A．around B．across C．into D．through D　[根据下文“the fog of anger and see the real face and heart of other persons”并结合“finally appeared through the fog”可知，此处指看穿愤怒的迷雾。故选D。] 15．A．yelled B．complained C．smiled D．hesitated C　[根据“OK，but promise me you won't be late again”推测作者是微笑着说的。故选C。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Located in Ordos，North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，Kubuqi Desert (库布齐沙漠) is the 1． (close) desert to China's capital Beijing．It was once known as the “sea of death”．However，in the past 30 years，the government，social organizations and local farmers have worked together 2． (control) desertification (沙漠化) in Kubuqi Desert． Historically，Kubuqi was a rich city which 3． (fill) with water and grass．But due 4． climate change and over-exploitation from humans，the number of the farmlands 5． (decline) and many farmlands turned to desert．6． people still living in Kubuqi can only do is control desertification．With the first highway going through the desert built here，people started planting trees in 7． whole desert．It was common for planted trees to die．But the next year，people just continued to plant more trees．8． (they) hard work inspired the term “Kubuqi spirit”，encouraging local people to devote themselves to the desert greatly．Over three decades，tree planting technology saw continuous 9． (develop) in Kubuqi．Now workers can plant a tree in just ten seconds，and the survival rate of trees is over 80 percent． The residents in the desert have enjoyed the benefits of managing with desertification．Meng Keda's family has lived deep in Kubuqi Desert for generations．And he began a tourism business in 2006，10． (have) an income of 300，000 yuan last year． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国内蒙古自治区的库布齐沙漠的历史变迁、沙漠化控制以及当地居民如何从中受益的情况。 1．closest　[考查形容词最高级。根据常识可知，这是距离北京最近的沙漠，因此用形容词最高级。故填closest。] 2．to control　[考查非谓语动词。空处考查非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to control。] 3．was filled　[考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处考查从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；先行词“a rich city”为单数，主语为“which”，和动词“fill”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was filled。] 4．to　[考查固定短语。根据句意可知，空处考查固定短语due to，意为“因为，由于”。故填to。] 5．declined　[考查动词时态。空处考查本句谓语动词，根据并列句的时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填declined。] 6．What　[考查主语从句。空处考查主语从句的连接词，主语从句中缺少宾语，用what连接；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填What。] 7．the　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词，表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。] 8．Their　[考查代词。空处考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词“hard work”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Their。] 9．development　[考查名词。空处考查名词形式作宾语。故填development。] 10．having　[考查非谓语动词。空处考查非谓语动词作状语，主语he和动词have之间为主动关系，用动词-ing形式。故填having。] 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $