Unit 2 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦过去完成时的被动语态这一核心语法点，通过美文诵读呈现主动与被动语态实例，引导学生先感知差异，再系统讲解概念、构成（肯定/否定/疑问结构）及五大用法（宾语从句、时间状语从句等），构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于情境化与结构化融合，以故事语篇导入语法，提升语言能力；对比分析主动与被动语态，培养思维品质。词汇拓展（如appropriate）与分层练习（补全短文等）结合，助力学习能力提升。课中辅助教师引导学生理解，课后练习帮助学生巩固，弥补知识盲点。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Using language) 过去完成时的被动语态 美文诵读 语法体悟 The whole city soon learnt that a large sum of money ①had been lost．Tom White，a local businessman，②had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office．Tom was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the citizens，but it was not returned to him．Three months passed，and then one morning，Tom found that his wallet ③had been placed outside his front door．It ④had been wrapped up in a newspaper and it contained half the money he ⑤had lost，along with a note saying，“A thief，yes，but only 50% a thief！”Two months later，some more money was sent to Tom with another note：“Only 25% a thief now！”Finally，all Tom's money was returned in this funny way．The last note said：“I am 100 percent honest now．” 1．①③④处为过去完成时的被动语态，表示在过去某一时间点之前已经被完成的动作或状态； 2．②⑤处为过去完成时的主动语态，强调主语的主动性和动作的完成性。 1．概念：过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间点之前已经完成的被动动作或状态，且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。 2．构成 (1)肯定结构：主语＋had been done (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done (3)疑问句结构： 3．用法 (1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已被完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。 They said the production costs had been reduced． 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 (2)当by the time，before，until，when等引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，且主句谓语表示的动作在从句的动作以前已经被完成时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished． 当他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时，有多少建筑物被摧毁？ (3)在“It was the first/second/...time＋that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“……第几次被……”。 It was the first time that he had ever been awarded． 这是他第一次获奖。 (4)在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 If the AI robot had been invented earlier，the production efficiency would have been improved． 如果早一些发明人工智能机器人，生产效率将会提高。 (5)在“Hardly/Scarcely had...when...”和“No sooner had...than...”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas． 一打开前门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。 单句写作 ①这不是他第一次因志愿工作而受到表扬。 It was not the first time that he had been praised for his voluntary work． ②女孩刚被送回家就向她的母亲跑去。 Hardly had the girl been sent home when she ran to her mother． ③在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们就提出了各种想法。 Before we carried out the plan，various ideas had been put forward by our classmates． ④到20世纪70年代，在这个地区已经发现了100多个新物种。 By the 1970s，more than 100 new species had been found in this area． 1．(教材原句)Use the past perfect passive where appropriate． *appropriate adj．恰当的，合适的(appropriately adv．恰当地，适当地 inappropriate adj．不适当的，不合适的) be appropriate for/to 适合…… It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth． (对某人来说)做某事是合适的。 It is appropriate that...…… 是合适的。 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The most crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate for/to the culture you are in． ②Bad customs ought to be abolished，since they are inappropriate (appropriate) for the development of society． ③It was a challenging and demanding job，but somehow he managed it appropriately(appropriate)． ④It is appropriate for us to do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans． →It is appropriate that we (should) do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．(It is appropriate that...) 2．(教材原句)I'd politely remind them it's not permitted，and that they should be considerate of others． *considerate adj．替他人着想的；考虑周到的；体贴的[consider v．考虑；认为；体谅considerable adj．相当多(或大)的 consideration n．仔细考虑；体谅] be considerate to/towards...　 对……体贴的 It is considerate of sb．to do sth． 某人做某事是考虑周到的。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration (consider) she showed to all her patients． ②It was considerate of you not to play (play) the piano while I was sleeping． ③(应用文写作之人物介绍)她对别人很体贴，所以每个人都和她相处得很好。 She is so considerate to/towards others that everyone gets on well with her． 3．(教材原句)How to promote values education． *promote v．促进，增进；提升，晋升；推销，促销(商品等)(promotion n．提拔，晋升；晋级；促进) promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人(从某职位)提拔到某职位 get promoted升职 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty． ②He got rapid promotion (promote) because of his good attitude towards work，and ended up as a manager． ③He worked so hard that he was promoted to general manager of the company． ④(应用文写作之活动介绍)登山不仅使我们亲近大自然，还增进了我们之间的友谊。 Not only did the mountain climbing get us close to nature，but it (also) promoted the friendship among us． 课时提升作业(五) (Unit 2　Using language) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：100.5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．Choosing soft colors is appropriate for/to creating a relaxing atmosphere． 2．It is considerate of the restaurant to provide (provide) free water and bread for waiting customers． 3．Getting promoted (promote) is a great achievement，but it also comes with more responsibilities． 4．Finally the difficult concept was clarified (clarify) by giving a simple example． 5．She felt a sudden urge to spit (spit) but managed to hold it in． 6．The bad weather put off our plans for a picnic． 7．The heavy rain prevented us from going (go) for a walk． 8．After a series of mistakes，he decided to turn over a new leaf and start working harder． Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分) 1．有人提醒那个男孩，他的作业还没交。 The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in． 2．这是她第三次被邀请在当地的艺术展上展出她的作品。 It was the third time that she had been invited to hang her works in a local art show． 3．令我们大为宽慰的是，在消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭了。 Much to our relief，the big fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived． 4．已确认，明年我们城市将新建更多的绿色公园。 It has been confirmed that more green parks will be built in our city next year． 5．在会议开始之前新计划被讨论过吗？ Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting began? 6．我以前从来没有过如此激动人心的暑假。 Never had I had such a thrilling summer vacation before． 7．据报道，已经为濒危野生动物建立了五个自然保护区。 It was reported that five natural reserves had been built for endangered wild animals． 8．当我到达站台时，公共汽车已经开走了，我拖着沉重的脚步回到了家。 By the time I got to the stop，the bus had already left and I dragged my feet back home． 9．直到他背对着我，我才留意到他已经受伤了。 Not until he turned his back to me did I notice he had been injured． 10．我们一看到这个视频，过去的记忆便如潮水般涌出。 No sooner had we seen the video than the memories of the past came flooding back． Ⅲ．补全短文(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分) I was criticised by Miss Wu yesterday because I 1．was late for school(上学迟到了)．Actually，it was the first time that I 2．had been criticised by Miss Wu (被吴老师批评)，so I was very upset．My clock didn't ring at 7：00 because it 3．had been broken by my little brother (被我的弟弟打坏了)．In fact，I got up at 7：40 yesterday morning．What's worse，I found that my bike 4．had been stolen by someone (被人偷了) when I went downstairs．Finally I 5．decided to take a bus (决定乘坐公共汽车) to school．But when I got to the bus station，I found that my wallet 6．had been left at home (落在家里了)．Therefore，I had to get off halfway through．I 7．had no choice but to run (除了跑别无选择)．When I arrived at the school gate，the bell 8．had rung (已经响了)．What a terrible day! Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) In recent years，much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending．As I've subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms，significant sums of my money tend to drift away each month without my ever thinking about it． Think of it as automated capitalism (资本主义)．It's spending without the hassle of spending．Purchase without action or thought．Indeed，economists estimate that buyers forgetting to cancel subscriptions can increase a business' income by as much as 200 percent．We're too lazy or busy to even notice or cancel! “Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest，”these companies assure us．But by agreeing to this trade，we've become passive consumers who are allowing the balance of capitalism to shift away from us．We have given up one of our key powers as individuals：our control．And this laziness generates more laziness because most of us can't be bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription spending． If we're going to rebalance the wheels of capitalism just a little，we could do worse than to support a recently proposed rule from the Federal Trade Commission．In March，the organization suggested a “click to cancel”condition that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one．No more being forced to go into the gym to end your membership if you were able to join online! Additionally，under this extra layer of consumer protection，businesses would need to remind subscribers annually about their membership before these are automatically renewed．This rule would mean any background spending would，if only just for one moment a year，be at the forefront of your mind． If all that doesn't work，I have another idea：an app designed to keep track of your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances．Oh wait，those already exist—for a recurring (再发生) fee，of course． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了背景支出导致了许多不需要的额外开支，说明了背景支出导致的问题以及如何避免。 1．What does the underlined word “hassle”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Consideration．　 B．Approval． C．Trouble． D．Rejection． C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Purchase without action or thought．Indeed，economists estimate that buyers forgetting to cancel subscriptions can increase a business' income by as much as 200 percent．”可知，自动化资本主义会带来额外花费的麻烦。故画线词意思是“麻烦”。故选C。] 2．What do passive consumers tend to do? A．Subscribe to various apps．　 B．Ignore subscription review． C．Lose the balance between earning and spending． D．Reach an agreement with credit card companies． B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And this laziness generates more laziness because most of us can't be bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription spending．”可知，被动消费者倾向于忽略订阅审查。故选B。] 3．What are subscription service providers expected to do in paragraph 4? A．Remind consumers to renew their membership． B．Allow customers to cancel subscription easily． C．Reconsider the proposal of federal government． D．Discontinue releasing new subscription services． B　[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，订阅服务提供商应该允许客户轻松取消订阅。故选B。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Background spending needs to be controlled． B．Subscriptions to apps are generally hard to end． C．Apps for tracking subscriptions should be designed． D．Proposals to prevent automated capitalism are supported． A　[主旨大意题。根据第一段内容并结合文章主要说明了背景支出导致了许多不需要的额外开支，说明了背景支出导致的问题以及如何避免。可知，这篇文章的主旨是背景支出需要控制。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How to Make Home Buying Less Stressful The key to a successful house purchase is not whether the house is perfect，but whether potential home buyers know how to get ready to make the purchase．Bob Walters，CEO of Rocket Mortgage (按揭) knows what it takes to make preparations before the house purchase． 1 Here are some vital steps for buyers to make good preparations． Make proper financial arrangements Home buyers at every stage should ensure they are financially ready to take on another monthly bill．A credit report gives consumers a clearer picture of their expenses and debts．To free up space in the budget for the cost of home ownership，buyers can assess monthly expenses，cancel unnecessary services，even cut back on dining out． 2 Find a real estate agent 3 These licensed professionals can show buyers usually neighborhoods that the buyers might like，such as the nearby good schools，transportation systems or local parks and trails．Moreover，a real estate agent can focus the home search on properties that fit buyers' needs and their price range，book house tours，make an offer and even attend closing． 4 It's important to pay close attention to a home's structural condition．Cracks in the walls，floors or in the basement could suggest bigger issues; some smells could signal a mildew (霉) problem．A pre-purchase home inspection by a qualified inspector is crucial for revealing any problems and might enable buyers to request concessions (让步) from the seller． Buying a home can be less stressful with the steps mentioned．In fact，buyers can seek for some expert help to ensure that they are fully ready for the house purchase． 5 This approach helps Americans achieve their dream of home ownership．Learn more at RocketMortgage．com． A．Know what to look for when checking the house． B．Ask the seller for concessions before purchasing． C．Working with real estate agents can help house hunters find the ideal property． D．Therefore，you can turn to Rocket Mortgage to find and finance a home easier． E．It's also important to pay monthly bills on time as this also can affect credit scores． F．Before even beginning a search，he says home buyers should make sure they are ready． G．A home buyer should be fully prepared with all the documents when applying for a mortgage． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何减轻购房压力。 1．D　[根据上文“Bob Walters，CEO of Rocket Mortgage knows what it takes to make preparations before the house purchase．”可知，选项与上文为因果关系说明可以求助于Rocket Mortgage。故D选项切题。Rocket Mortgage为关键词。故选D。] 2．E　[根据上文“To free up space in the budget for the cost of home ownership，buyers can assess monthly expenses，cancel unnecessary services，even cut back on dining out．”可知，选项承接上文继续说明对财务的安排。故E选项切题。故选E。] 3．C　[根据小标题“Find a real estate agent”可知，选项承接上文说明找房产中介的作用。故C选项切题。real estate agents呼应下文These licensed professionals。故选C。] 4．A　[根据下文“It's important to pay close attention to a home's structural condition．Cracks in the walls，floors or in the basement could suggest bigger issues; some smells could signal a mildew problem．”可知，本段主要说明在检查房子时需要注意的检查的方面。故A选项切题，为本段的标题。故选A。] 5．F　[根据上文“In fact，buyers can seek for some expert help to ensure that they are fully ready for the house purchase．”可知，选项承接上文与买房者提前准备有关。故F选项切题。ready是关键词。故选F。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Do you ever feel like an outsider? An outsider is not a strange person without friends． 1 ，they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives．The education system teaches you to think 2 ．However，brilliant work is always unconventional．The self-taught may produce fresh and 3 work． Everything was against Eileen Gray．In the 1920s，you needed strict qualifications to become an architect．Men strictly 4 access to academic courses．Eileen Gray 5 to accept the conventional rules presented to her．No one in the system would help her，so she helped herself．Gray rolled up her sleeves，picked up a hammer and nails，and made her 6 a reality．She taught herself the 7 an architect needed from books and evening classes．Gray recognized that other architects work was predictable because they were insiders 8 the design rules of the profession．The famous architecture companies 9 the same old designs and practices．She realized if she did things 10 she would stand out． Imagine someone without 11 to build a house from the very beginning：attracting the finance，producing detailed plans of electrical circuits，plumbing，and 12 form，and then making it．In 1926，Gray began building a house near Monaco．It was called E-1027，a white beacon of enlightenment (启蒙灯塔)．E-1027 immediately 13 international recognition as a masterpiece，and lots of design tasks flooded in．Her 14 shocked architects who had spent years studying at university．Gray's 15 to think and act independently contributed to her great success． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪20年代，艾琳·格雷面对建筑领域的传统规范，通过自学成才，勇敢地打破常规，成功建造了著名的E-1027。她的成功源于对独立思考的坚定信念，展现了个性和创新在建筑设计中的重要性。 1．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover C　[根据上文“An outsider is not a strange person without friends．”和下文“they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives”可知，局外人不是一个没有朋友的奇怪的人，而是挑战被接受的价值观和观点的人。故选C。] 2．A．conventionally B．independently C．carefully D．constantly A　[根据下文“However，brilliant work is always unconventional．”可知，卓越的工作总是不按常规。与下文构成转折，教育体系教导你以传统方式思考。故选A。] 3．A．individual B．challenging C．repetitive D．innovative D　[根据上文“The self-taught may produce fresh”和后文“work”可知，自学者可能会产生新颖而创新的作品。故选D。] 4．A．prevented B．controlled C．established D．provided B　[根据上文“In the 1920s，you needed strict qualifications to become an architect．”和“strictly”可推知，在20世纪20年代，成为一名建筑师需要严格的资格，而男性严格控制着对学术课程的准入。故选B。] 5．A．hesitated B．attempted C．refused D．failed C　[根据上文“In the 1920s，you needed strict qualifications to become an architect．”和下文“Gray rolled up her sleeves，picked up a hammer and nails，and made hera reality．She taught herself thean architect needed from books and evening classes．”可知，她拒绝接受摆在她面前的传统规则。故选C。] 6．A．memory B．interest C．life D．vision D　[根据上文“Gray rolled up her sleeves，picked up a hammer and nails”和下文“She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes．”可知，格雷把她的设想变成了现实。故选D。] 7．A．demands B．skills C．standards D．opportunities B　[根据上文“Men strictlyaccess to academic courses．”提到，她没有接受传统的学校建筑培训，和“taught herself”可知，此处Gray自学了建筑师所需的技能。故选B。] 8．A．turning to B．applying to C．sticking to D．adapting to C　[根据上文“Gray recognized that other architects work was predictable”和下文“the design rules of the profession”可知，其他建筑师的作品很容易被预测到，是因为他们坚持遵循职业设计规则。故选C。] 9．A．repeated B．assessed C．proved D．replaced A　[根据下文“the same old designs and practices”可知，知名的建筑公司一直在重复相同的旧设计和做法。故选A。] 10．A．differently B．separately C．enthusiastically D．reasonably A　[根据上文“The famous architecture companies the same old designs and practices．”和下文“she would stand out”可知，她意识到如果她不遵循传统的设计规则，以不同的方式设计，她会脱颖而出。故选A。] 11．A．insurance B．connection C．testing D．training D　[根据上文“No one in the system would help her，so she helped herself．Gray rolled up her sleeves，picked up a hammer and nails，and made hera reality．She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes．”可知，Gray并没有接受正规的建筑师培训，而是通过自学，从书籍和晚间课程中获取了必要的知识和技能。所以她是一个没有受过训练的人。故选D。] 12．A．educational B．artistic C．structural D．technical C　[根据上文“build a house from the very beginning：attracting the finance，producing detailed plans of electrical circuits，plumbing”可知，Gray独自设计电路，水管和结构图。结构图指建筑的形式和框架，包括承重墙、梁和整体结构的稳定性和强度等元素。故选C。] 13．A．gained B．sought C．deserved D．sustained A　[根据下文“international recognition as a masterpiece，and lots of design tasks flooded in”可知，E-1027立即被国际认可为杰作。故选A。] 14．A．treatment B．achievement C．adjustment D．advancement B　[根据上文“It was called E-1027，a white beacon of enlightenment．E-1027 immediately international recognition as a masterpiece，and lots of design tasks flooded in．”和下文“shocked architects who had spent years studying at university”可知，她的成就震惊了在大学学习了多年的建筑师。故选B。] 15．A．anxiety B．curiosity C．confidence D．freedom C　[根据下文“think and act independently contributed to her great success”可知，自信促成了她的巨大成功。故选C。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Turn Gadgets off for Better Vacation It is that time of the year again：school has started in full swing，homework is piling up and you realize that you can hardly wait for summer next year． “I need a holiday，”you 1．________ be thinking．Wait—is it a holiday that you truly need? When we think of holidays，we think of travelling，beaches，fun，and adventures．But the reality is 2．_______ we spend most of our holidays on our personal devices．Smartphones have taken the world by storms，3．_________ (influence) the manner we interact with each other．Does this sound like you? If so，it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品脱瘾期)． One of the best things about a digital detox is the fact that anyone can do it．4．______ you are a businessman or a student，everyone needs some time away from technology．5．___________ (have) a tech-free holiday has become increasingly popular especially among families because it enables them to spend quality time with each other instead of 6．_________ (distract) by texting，emails，and social media． 7．_________ it may seem that sending a quick text massage or uploading a photo does not take so much time，these things eventually add up without us even 8．________ (know) it．Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a different decision to make，but it may be just the thing you need to cleanse your mind，body，and soul． Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up 9．__________ new，or return to hobbies which you never had time for．You could paint the view of the coast，or take photos with your old film camera．If you are going with friends or family，perhaps bring along some board games 10．(spend) time retightening tired relationships． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章建议人们关掉电子产品，享受美好假期。 1．may/might　[考查情态动词。根据语境可知，你或许会想要一个假期。may “(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”，或者might“(表示可能、不确定等)可能，也许”，这两个词符合语境。故填may/might。] 2．that　[考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。从句中不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导表语从句。故填that。] 3．influencing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果，用动词-ing形式。故填influencing。] 4．Whether　[考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处应用连接词whether引导让步状语从句，whether...or“无论(不管)……还是”是固定搭配。句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。] 5．Having　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为动词-ing形式作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Having。] 6．being distracted　[考查被动语态。介词后应用动词-ing形式作宾语，动词distract和其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以用动词-ing形式的被动语态。故填being distracted。] 7．While/Although/Though　[考查状语从句。根据语境可知，虽然发送一个快速的短信或上传一张照片到微信不会花费太多时间，但是这些时间在不知情的情况下会慢慢累积起来。所以空处需要引导让步状语从句。while，although和though都可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填While/Although/Though。] 8．knowing　[考查非谓语动词。本题考查“without ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填knowing。] 9．something　[考查代词。根据句意可知，此处应用不定代词something作pick up 的宾语，意为“事物”，由形容词new修饰，作后置定语。故填something。] 10．to spend　[考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spend。] 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $