Unit 1 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心短语与词汇讲练，以教材原句为起点，系统梳理"in the face of""take action""devote oneself to"等重点短语及"ambition""correspondent"等词汇的含义、搭配与用法。通过单句语法填空、一句多译、应用文写作等分层练习搭建学习支架，逐步引导学生从基础理解过渡到语境应用，最终通过品句填词、阅读理解等综合作业提升语言综合运用能力。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，例如"面对困难"的三种表达（动词-ing、过去分词、介词短语作状语）训练灵活运用语言的思维，"devote oneself to"的句式升级（非谓语作状语）提升语言表达多样性。同时注重学习能力提升，课时作业涵盖词汇、语法、阅读等多题型，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，巩固知识盲点。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas) 1．(教材原句)In the face of such questions，how should we approach the future? *in the face of 面对，面临 (1)face to face 面对面 lose face 丢脸 make a face 做鬼脸 (2)be faced with 面临，面对 face up to 勇敢面对 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Communicating with friends face to face is a way to relieve pressure from work and life． ②When I am faced(face) with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages． ③(应用文写作之求助信)面对如此多的困难，我不得不向你寻求帮助。 a．Facing so many difficulties，I have to ask you for help．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) b．Faced with so many difficulties，I have to ask you for help．(过去分词短语作状语) c．In the face of so many difficulties，I have to ask you for help．(介词短语作状语) 2．(教材原句)Can we take action to shape it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way? *take action 采取行动 take action to do sth．　 采取行动做某事 in action 在活动中；在运转 out of action 失去作用；不能工作；停止运转 put．．．in/into action 实行，实施 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Action must be taken(take) to deal with the urgency as soon as possible． ②The most urgent task is to take action to control (control) the spread of the disease． ③随着地球日的临近，学校里张贴了很多海报来号召我们为一个更加绿色的地球采取行动。 With the Earth Day approaching，a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to take action for a greener Earth． ④在一项计划未付诸实施之前，你很难说它是好还是坏。 You can't decide whether a plan is good or bad until it is put into action． 3．(教材原句) The American author，Ernest Hemingway，born in 1899，was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write． *ambition n．追求，理想 [ambitious adj．有野心的；有雄心的；(计划、想法等)耗时的；费力的；耗资的] (1)have an ambition to do/of doing sth． 有做某事的追求/理想 achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负，如愿以偿 (2)be ambitious to do sth． 立志要做某事 [名师点津]　ambition作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My ambition is to become a pilot after graduation． 我的志向是毕业后成为一名飞行员。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Do not be afraid to be ambitious (ambition) when you set these goals． ②The young man is ambitious to get (get) the position though he may not be qualified for it． ③广博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧对实现人的抱负大有裨益。 Rich knowledge，abundant experience and infinite wisdom will help a man to achieve his ambition． 4．(教材原句)He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing． *correspondent n．通讯员，记者(correspond v．通信；符合，相一致correspondence n．通信；一致，符合) (1)correspond with 与……通信；与……相一致 correspond to 相当于；类似于 (2)in correspondence with 与……有通信联系；与……相一致 单句语法填空/单句写作/一句多译 ①The function of this machine corresponds to that of the human brain． ②Your account of the event is not in correspondence(correspond) with hers． ③(应用文写作之建议信)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 You can make better relationships with others only when what you do corresponds with what you say． ④我们相互通信好几年了，但我从没真正见过他。 a．We've corresponded with each other for years，but I've never actually met him．(correspond) b．We've been in correspondence with each other for years，but I've never actually met him．(correspondence) 5．(教材原句)By contrast，the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as a doctor． *by contrast 相比之下(contrast v．对比，对照 n．明显的差异，对比，对照) make a contrast with　　 与……形成对比 in contrast 相比之下 in contrast to 与……相比 contrast with 与……截然不同或形成鲜明的对比 contrast A and/with B 把A与B进行对比 单句语法填空/单句写作/一句多译 ①He is content with his present life．In/By contrast，his wife is a person with great ambition． ②It's interesting to contrast the British customs and/with the American ones． ③与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。 In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers． ④这位老人花白的头发与他黝黑的皮肤形成鲜明的对比。 a．The old man's gray hair makes a sharp contrast with his dark skin．(contrast n．) b．The old man's gray hair contrasts sharply with his dark skin．(contrast v．) 6．(教材原句)After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name，Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing． *devote oneself to 献身于……，致力于……(devote v．献身，致力于devoted adj．挚爱的；忠诚的devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚) (1)devote one's life/time/energy/money to．．． 把某人的生命/时间/精力/金钱奉献于…… (2)be devoted to (doing) sth． 献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事 [名师点津]　devote．．．to．．．中的“to”是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。类似的短语有： adapt．．．to．．．使适应；使配合 adjust．．．to．．．调节……以适应 addict．．．to．．．使……对……上瘾 apply．．．to．．．把……应用于…… attach．．．to．．．把……附在……上 单句语法填空/单句写作/句式升级 ①I still remember what you have devoted to improving (improve) my oral English and writing skills． ②From my first job at the restaurant，I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)． ③(应用文写作之人物介绍)我最钦佩的人是我的英语老师，他全身心地投入教学中。 The person I admire most is my English teacher who devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching． ④The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，and she has little time to care for her own daughter． →Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) →Devoted to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(过去分词短语作状语) (教材原句)On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter． *on＋doing．．．一……就…… 常见的“一……就……”的表达方式还有： (1)as soon as＋时间状语从句 (2)immediately/instantly/directly＋时间状语从句 (3)the second/instant/minute/moment＋时间状语从句 (4)hardly/scarcely＋主句(过去完成时)＋when＋从句(一般过去时) (5)no sooner＋主句(过去完成时)＋than＋从句(一般过去时) 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①On hearing(hear) the exciting news，she jumped with joy． ②The children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting the Great Wall． ③They offered help immediately(immediate) they learned of the accident． ④As soon as he finished his talk，he was surrounded by the excited workers． →No sooner had he finished his talk than/Hardly had he finished his talk when he was surrounded by the excited workers．(倒装句) 课时提升作业(一)　(Unit 1　Understanding ideas) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：92分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．To achieve this goal，you must have ambition(追求)；besides，you need to make great efforts． 2．Trainees(实习生) go through a four-hour lesson before they are let loose on the controls． 3．He lost his balance and fell backwards(向后)，falling into the river． 4．They are friends who have known each other since boyhood (少年时代)． 5．The correspondent(记者)for this newspaper conveyed some important messages about the bullfighting history． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．She is ambitious (ambition) to succeed in life as a woman journalist． 2．Ultimately (ultimate)，we can change the shape of people's lives． 3．There is a close correspondence (correspond) between the two accounts． 4．I'm afraid two-day time isn't enough to see all the historical (history) places of interest． 5．My first job was working as a graduate trainee (train) in a big bank and I received professional training every day． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) by contrast；focus on；take a leaf out of the book；in the face of；turn out 1．Since your trip is focused on Chinese culture，I think the Forbidden City is an ideal destination for you． 2．If you're having difficulty with the children，take a leaf out of the book of Sandra，because she knows how to control them． 3．By contrast，social and political tensions might be a bigger worry． 4．Not all of your plans will turn out exactly as you wish． 5．He who is brave always remains calm even in the face of danger． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．一看到她，我就知道她正是我要找的人。(on doing．．．) On seeing her，I knew she was the very person who I was looking for． 2．(应用文写作之求职信)学了九年的英语，我可以熟练掌握这种语言，这使得我可以流利地跟外国人交流。(分词的完成式作状语) Having learned English for nine years，I have a good command of it，which enables me to communicate with the foreigners fluently． 3．把自己暴露在阳光下太久会对你的皮肤有害。(动词-ing形式短语作主语) Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin． 4．众所周知，中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。(as引导定语从句) As we all know，China plays an increasingly important role in the world． 5．一切发生得太快了，以至于我都来不及思考。(so．．．that．．．) Everything happened so fast that I had no time to think． Ⅴ．补全短文(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．In the face of the unknown future (面对未知的未来)，we 2．should have ambitions (应该有追求)．We must be brave enough to pursue our dreams and not let any difficulties stop us．3．The future will turn out to be bright (未来将会是光明的) as long as we keep moving forward and working hard．We need to 4．focus on/upon our goals (专注于我们的目标) and take positive steps to achieve them．Whether it is in our careers，studies，or personal lives，we 5．should always be ready to take action (应该随时准备采取行动) and make the most of every opportunity that 6．comes our way (发生在我们身上的)．Only by doing so can we create a better future for ourselves． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist．His unique writing style greatly influenced 20th-century fiction，as did his life of adventure and public image．He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954．Many of his works are classics of American literature．He published seven novels，six short story collections，and two non-fiction works during his lifetime；a further three novels，four collections of short stories，and three non-fiction works were published posthumously． Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park，Illinois．After leaving high school he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas City Star，before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War Ⅰ，which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms． In 1921，Hemingway married Hadley Richardson，the first of his four wives，and the couple moved to Paris，where he worked as a foreign correspondent．During his time there he met and was influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate(侨居海外的)community known as the “Lost Generation”．His novel，The Sun Also Rises，was published in 1926． After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927，Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer；they divorced following Hemingway's return from covering the Spanish Civil War，after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls．Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940，but he left her for Mary Welsh after World War Ⅱ． Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952，Hemingway went on safari in Africa，where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life． Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West，Florida，and Cuba during the 1930s and 1940s，but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum，Idaho，where he died in the summer of 1961． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了兴趣广泛且精力充沛的作家海明威的生平。 1．What does Hemingway's unique writing style have the most influence on? A．His life of adventure． B．His public image． C．20th-century fiction． D．American lifestyle． C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His unique writing style greatly influenced 20th-century fiction”可知，海明威独特的写作风格对20世纪的小说影响最大。故选C。] 2．What does the underlined word “posthumously” in the first paragraph mean? A．During one's life． B．After one's death． C．During one's absence． D．At one's presence． B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“He published seven novels，six short story collections，and two non-fiction works during his lifetime”中的“during his lifetime”可知，两者作对比，“posthumously”的意思是“在某人死后”。故选B。] 3．What is the setting of the novel A Farewell to Arms? A．It is set in Oak Park，Illinois． B．It is set in his high school． C．It is set in The Kansas City Star． D．It is set in the Italian front． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War Ⅰ，which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms”可知，小说A Farewell to Arms以意大利前线为背景。故选D。] 4．How are Hemingway's novels introduced to readers in the text? A．By popularity．　　 B．By time． C．By importance．　　　 D．By subject． B　[写作手法题。根据第二段的内容和第三段中的“His novel，The Sun Also Rises，was published in 1926．”以及倒数第二段中的“Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952”可知，本文通过时间顺序，把海明威的小说介绍给读者。故选B。] B When romantic partners argue over things like finances，jealousy，or other interpersonal issues，they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument．But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts，according to a study by the University of Waterloo just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science．Alex Huynh，a doctoral candidate in psychology，is the lead author of the study，which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo，and Daniel Yang from Yale University． Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles．Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether the similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future．Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend．One group of participants was then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in the future，while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present situation． The team examined participants' written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns such as I，me，she，he．These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants' focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict．Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively，both of which implied the participants' use of reasoning strategies． The researchers found that envisioning(展望) future relationships affected both participants' focus on their feelings and their reasoning strategies．As a result，participants reported more positivity about their relationships altogether，especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationships a year into the future． “Our study demonstrates that adopting a future- oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict—reflecting on how one might feel a year from now—may be a valuable coping tool for one's psychological happiness and relationship well-being，”said Huynh． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现，展望未来可以帮助解决人际关系方面的冲突。 5．What do romantic partners do in the face of most disagreements? A．They lose faith in their future． B．They look forwards to a fierce conflict． C．They focus on their present feelings． D．They care more about financial problems． C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When romantic partners argue over things．．．they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument．”可知，伴侣在争吵的时候比较关注当前的感受。故C项正确。] 6．What does the underlined word “induced”in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Explained． B．Caused． C．Reduced． D．Improved． B　[词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句中的“the similar benefit”指的是与上文中提到的“reconciliation of interpersonal struggles”相似的益处，上文中提到的益处是由“third-perspective reasoning”产生的，因此研究人员想知道“simply thinking about the future”是不是也可以产生相似的效果。故B项与画线词的意义最为接近。] 7．What do we know about the study? A．The reasoning strategies in participants' written responses were well worthy of note． B．Study participants described their recent relationships with their romantic partners or friends． C．A text-analysis program was employed to examine participants' use of negative words． D．All the study participants described how they felt both in the present and in the future． A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Written responses were also examined．．．reasoning strategies．”可推知，参与者书面答复中暗含的推理策略同样值得关注。故A项正确。] 8．What can be the best title of the text? A．You Have a Year to Solve Your Interpersonal Problems B．Beneficial Reasoning Is a Positive Strategy for Reconciliation C．Your Current Feelings Are the Real Cause of Your Heated Arguments D．Thinking About Future Is Essential for Relationship Maintenance D　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，此类文章的主题一般为研究结果。根据第一段中的“But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts，according to a study by the University of Waterloo”可知，研究表明，展望未来可以帮助解决人际关系方面的冲突。故D项最适合作本文的标题。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) My family immigrated to Canada when I was about one year old．In those early years，we did not have much money． 1 ，which was rather poorly furnished．There certainly was not enough money for expensive outings．As a result，our weekends were filled with simple pleasures that we could do for free，like picnics，bike rides，and my favorite—trips to the library． 2 —silly ones，moving ones，and even educational ones．I would have my parents read the books that we borrowed over and over again until we needed to return them，or I would page through them myself，imagining the stories in my head，even though I was too young to read the words． When I was about five years old，I could start to read on my own． 3 ：I knew we could get books from the library or buy them in stores if we had the money，but where did books come from? I asked my mother this question，to which she replied that the stories I loved were created in the imaginations of people called “writers”． 4 ． Four decades later，I still remember that moment．It was as though I had been struck by lightning． 5 ．I would be one of those writers．I would create stories and share them with the world． A．Gradually，I had a curious thought B．Our home was a simple rented apartment C．We couldn't afford to have our own house D．Then and there，I knew my purpose in this world E．However，I was able to read many kinds of useful books F．Thanks to the children's section of the library，I fell in love with stories G．These people then wrote them down so they could be shared with others 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的爱好和未来的目标。 1．B　[上文“In those early years，we did not have much money．”及下文“which was rather poorly furnished”说明早些年作者的家庭条件不好，房屋布置得很差。B项“我们的家是一个简单的出租公寓”承上启下，说明作者的家庭条件不好，房屋简陋。故选B。] 2．F　[下文“silly ones，moving ones，and even educational ones”描述的是儿童图书的内容及性质。F项“多亏了图书馆的儿童图书部分，我爱上了故事”引出下文儿童图书的内容及性质。故选F。] 3．A　[下文“I knew we could get books from the library or buy them in stores if we had the money，but where did books come from？”指出作者的疑问。A项“渐渐地，我有了一个好奇的想法”引出下文，提出作者的想法和疑问。故选A。] 4．G　[上文“I asked my mother this question，to which she replied that the stories I loved were created in the imaginations of people called ‘writers’．”解释故事和书是如何产生的。G项“然后，这些人把它们写下来，这样就可以与他人分享”承接上文，继续解释故事和书是如何产生的。故选G。] 5．D　[下文“I would be one of those writers．I would create stories and share them with the world．”说明作者的目标是成为一名作家。D项“当时，我就知道了我在这个世界上的目标”引出下文，介绍作者的目标。故选D。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Charles Darwin，a young man just out of university in 1831，1．________ (offer) a job on a ship on a voyage of discovery around the world．Life on board was tough．Darwin was 2．________ (terrible) seasick and was only happy when he was ashore collecting plant samples and observing animals．It was to be the most important journey in his life．It 3．________ (last) for five years． Darwin studied nature in South America and in a group of small islands in the South Pacific．On each island there were birds．They were very similar，4．________ the shape of their beaks，and even their eating habits varied．Darwin wondered why they were different．Then he realized that over millions of years，all plants and animals have gradually changed into the forms we see today．5．________ we call “the survival of the fittest” he named “natural selection”．He also called this slow process of change “evolution”． By 1846，he had published an article describing his voyage．Darwin spent the years 6．________ followed developing his theories and making them perfect．In 1859，he published them in The Origin of Species．It caused a huge 7．________ (argue)．His The Descent of Man，in 1871，pointed out that mankind 8．________ (come) from the same ancestor．Other scientists agreed with his ideas and took up 9．________ (he) cause．The church prohibited the 10．________ (teach) of The Theory of Evolution in some countries．However，today most people believe that Darwin is right． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了达尔文生平的一些经历以及进化论的诞生。 1．was offered　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in 1831”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语Charles Darwin是第三人称单数，与动词offer之间存在被动关系，需用被动语态，故填was offered。] 2．terribly　[考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词seasick，故填terribly。] 3．lasted　[考查时态。描述过去的事件应使用一般过去时，故填lasted。] 4．but　[考查连词。前后分句语义存在转折，故填but。] 5．What　[考查代词。在“call sb．/sth．＋宾语补足语”的结构中，应用连接代词what作call的宾语，意为“……的事物”，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。] 6．that/which　[考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，空格处应填入一个替代先行词years的关系代词作从句的主语，故填that/which。] 7．argument　[考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词作caused的宾语，故填argument。] 8．had come　[考查时态。根据句意可知，此处用过去完成时态，故填had come。] 9．his　[考查代词。名词应使用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填his。] 10．teaching　[考查词性转换。此处应用名词作prohibited的宾语，故填teaching。] 14/14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $