Unit 3 Period 6 课时学案 写作(Writing)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语辩论性议论文写作核心知识点，系统梳理“海洋开发利弊”主题写作的文体结构（开头引入话题、主体列举正反观点及理由、结尾表明个人看法），搭建从语言积累（正反观点词汇、句式升级技巧）到写作实践（审题构思、遣词造句、连句成篇）的学习支架，结合词汇语法练习（品句填词、词性转换等）巩固基础。 该资料以任务驱动为特色，通过提供正反观点词汇表、句式升级范例（如用让步状语从句合并句子）及多主题写作任务（海洋探索、陪读现象等），融合语言能力（词汇句式运用）、思维品质（正反分析与逻辑衔接）和学习能力（范文模仿到独立创作）培养。课中辅助教师高效开展写作教学，课后助力学生通过练习与范文对比查漏补缺，提升写作综合素养。

Period 6　 写作(Writing) 写一篇关于海洋开发利弊的议论文 一、文体特征 本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于海洋开发利弊的议论文。辩论性议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法，因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较，然后进行分析和评论，最后提出自己的看法，表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明，得出结论。 二、语言特色 [基本框架] 开头：开门见山，引入辩论话题； 主体：列举正方和反方的观点并说明理由； 结尾：表明自己的观点。 [教材原句]　 1．Find out the expressions that prove the negative side． (1)cause many problems (2)is also bad (3)is very damaging (4)negative cycle (5)is another problem (6)without mercy 2．Find out the expressions that prove the positive side． (1)help address important issues (2)more research is necessary (3)help us manage its resources better (4)help us discover new medicines (5)help us to predict events [触类旁通]　 1．Some students support the opinion．Other students oppose the opinion． 一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。 2．We should maintain the regeneration ability of marine biological resources and the natural purification capacity of water and preserve the marine ecological balance in order to ensure the sustainable human development and utilization of the ocean． 我们应该保持海洋生物资源的再生能力和水的自然净化能力，维护海洋生态平衡，以确保人类的可持续发展和海洋的持续利用。 3．As far as I'm concerned/Personally，I'm in favour of the first/second view． 就我个人而言，我赞成第一/第二种观点。 4．A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients． 大多数人赞成这个观点，因为鱼可以给我们提供丰富的营养。 5．Through ocean exploration，we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes． 通过海洋探索，我们可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解环境变化的原因。 6．Information from ocean exploration is very important，which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis． 来自海洋探索的信息很重要，它有助于我们预测地震和海啸。 假定你是李华，最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，给校英文报写一篇短文，内容包括： 1．赞成的理由； 2．反对的理由； 3．你的看法。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out．___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [审题构思] 1．确定体裁：本文为议论文； 2．确定人称：本文以第三人称为主； 3．确定时态：本文时态为现在完成时和一般过去时； 4．确定内容： ①第一段：说明讨论的话题； ②第二段：说明正方和反方的观点及理由； ③第三段：表明自己的观点。 [遣词造句] 1．一些学生赞成海洋探索。 Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration． 2．他们说海洋探索使人们有可能发现新药物以及食品和能源的新资源。 They say sea exploration makes it possible for people to discover new medicines as well as new sources of food and energy． 3．另一些学生反对它。 Others are against it． 4．海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。 Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth． 5．海洋探索可能会导致海洋污染。 Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution． 6．海洋污染最终会导致海洋生物死亡。 Marine pollution finally leads the ocean creatures to death． 7．海洋探索还可能造成生态系统破坏。 Sea exploration might also cause ecosystem destruction． 8．海洋探索应当与经济需求相平衡。 Sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs． 9．科技进步了。我们可能有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。 Technology improves．We may have more options for managing this balance． [句式升级] 1．用although引导的让步状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句4、句5和句6 Although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth，it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death． 2．用with复合结构升级句9 With technology improving，we may have more options for managing this balance． [连句成篇] Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out．___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文]　 Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out． Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration．They say sea exploration makes it possible for people to discover new medicines as well as new sources of food and energy．Others are against it．Although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth，it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death．Sea exploration might also cause ecosystem destruction． Personally，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs．Hopefully，with technology improving，we may have more options for managing this balance． 假定你是李华，你通过观察发现高中生父母租房陪读现象很普遍，学生们对此褒贬不一。请据此用英语写一篇文章反映该现象，内容包括： 1．现象真实呈现； 2．学生们的不同反应； 3．自己的看法。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文]　 Accompany Children in Their Studies or Not? It has become increasingly common for parents of high school students to rent an apartment and accompany their children in their study，in order to create a better learning environment and provide life support for them．Opinions vary from person to person． Some students hold the view that their parents' selfless commitment enhances their motivation and sense of security，while others argue that it puts additional stress on them and that they yearn for greater independence． In my view，parents should observe the principle of being reasonable despite their kind intentions．After all，excessive involvement may hinder a child's development，whereas the art of letting go will contribute to independence and responsibility． 情感描写 ①mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→show mercy to 对……怜悯/宽恕→merciful adj．仁慈的；慈悲的；宽大的 ②opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt．反对；抵制→opposed adj．强烈反对；截然不同 ③a sight to behold壮观的景象 ④in a league of one's own独领风骚 动作描写 ①extend vt．扩展；使伸长；延长 ②withdraw vi．& vt．(使)撤回；撤离 ③bond vt．& vi．增强信任关系；使牢固结合 ④applaud vt．& vi．鼓掌 vt．称赞；赞赏 ⑤exploit vt．开发；利用；剥削 ⑥possess vt．控制；具有；拥有；支配 ⑦arrest vt．逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意) ⑧set sail起航；开航 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1．在一个沿海小镇上，有一群渔民决定把他们的捕鱼区扩大到更深的海域。 In a small coastal town，there was a group of fishermen who decided to extend their fishing area to the deeper sea． 2．他们相信只有这样做，才可以开发更多的资源，改善他们的生活条件。 They believed that only by doing so could they exploit more resources and improve their living conditions． 3．他们的计划遭到了一些环保人士的反对。 Their plan was opposed by some environmentalists． 4．环保人士担心渔民的行为会破坏海洋中不同物种之间存在的微妙联系。 The environmentalists were worried that the fishermen's actions would break the delicate bonds that existed between different species in the sea． 5．渔民们意志坚定，拥有追求他们梦想的勇气。他们对反对者毫不留情，继续他们的准备工作。 The fishermen were determined and possessed the courage to pursue their dream．They showed no mercy to the objectors and continued with their preparations． 6．他们出发的那天，一大群人聚集在岸边为他们送行。一些人称赞他们的勇敢，而另一些人仍心存担忧。 On the day they set off，a large crowd gathered on the shore to see them off．Some people applauded their bravery，while others still had concerns． 7．当他们起航时，船队在初升太阳映衬下的景象十分壮观。 As they set sail，the scene of the fleet against the backdrop of the rising sun was a sight to behold． 8．遗憾的是，这些渔民因违反深海捕鱼的相关规定而被捕。 Unfortunately，the fishermen were arrested for disobeying some regulations regarding deep-sea fishing． 第二步：句式升级造亮点 9．用非限制性定语从句合并句3和句4 Their plan was opposed by some environmentalists，who were worried that the fishermen's actions would break the delicate bonds that existed between different species in the sea． 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 In a small coastal town，there was a group of fishermen who decided to extend their fishing area to the deeper sea．They believed that only by doing so could they exploit more resources and improve their living conditions．However，their plan was opposed by some environmentalists，who were worried that the fishermen's actions would break the delicate bonds that existed between different species in the sea．Even so，the fishermen were determined and possessed the courage to pursue their dream．They showed no mercy to the objectors and continued with their preparations．On the day they set off，a large crowd gathered on the shore to see them off．Some people applauded their bravery，while others still had concerns．As they set sail，the scene of the fleet against the backdrop of the rising sun was a sight to behold．Unfortunately，the fishermen were arrested for disobeying some regulations regarding deep-sea fishing． 课时提升作业(九)　(Using Language & Writing) (建议用时：45分钟　满分：112.5分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．This directory (名录) includes most training providers and colleges in the country． 2．Carl's starting college in September．Meanwhile (与此同时)，he's travelling around Europe． 3．By exploiting (利用) our creativity，we can turn any challenge into an opportunity for innovation． 4．His quick action arrested (阻止) the spread of the fire，saving many families from danger． 5．She likes to log (记录) the kind words people say to her—it helps her stay positive even on tough days． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．What would they think if they knew that they were associating with a murderer (murder)? 2．She will put her hands together and pray you to be merciful (mercy)． 3．He knocked his opponent (oppose) down three times in the first round． 4．The migration (migrate) of birds in winter is a fascinating natural phenomenon． 5．This animal must have been in the possession (possess) of a private collector and somehow managed to escape． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) be home to，so that，without mercy，take action，in possession of 1．It's high time that we should take action to protect the rare animals from extinction． 2．It is known to all that Australia is home to kangaroos and koalas． 3．It is said that a young foreigner is in possession of the company． 4．The prime minister sponsored the charity career so that poor people could lead a better life． 5．Violent waves attacked the small boat time and time again without mercy． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．老师和学生们都对学校旅行感到兴奋。(as well as) The teacher as well as the students was excited about the school trip． 2．他每天努力学习以便能够被这所著名大学录取，这是他从小就一直渴望实现的梦想。(so that) He studied hard every day so that he could be admitted into the famous university，which is a dream he has been longing for since childhood． 3．爱与被爱是世界上最大的幸福。(动词-ing形式作主语) Loving and being loved is the greatest happiness on earth． 4．暴风雪带来了大量的雪，堵塞了许多道路。(amount) The snowstorm brought large amounts of snow，blocking many roads． 5．他们为这个项目制订了一个新计划，但这个计划能否顺利实施还有待观察。(remain) They have made a new plan for the project，but it remains to be seen if it can be carried out smoothly． Ⅴ．补全短文(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分) In order to protect marine life，the maritime police 1．arrested a group of criminals(逮捕了一批犯罪分子)．In recent years，the government has 2．made great efforts to exploit marine resources(大力开发海洋资源) sustainably，and 3．meanwhile(与此同时) it has also increased the protection of the ocean．4．During whale migration (在鲸鱼迁徙期间)，some illegal fishermen were hunting whales 5．without mercy(无情地)．According to the directory provided by the informant，the police seized tons of frozen seafood and 6．all their possessions(他们的所有财产)．7．The opponents refused to cooperate(反对者拒绝配合) in the investigation，but the police found a clue by 8．looking into their logs (查看他们的日志)．It is said that their hunting of whales 9．could be classified as murder(可以归类为谋杀)．Undoubtedly the police were 10．worth applauding(值得赞赏)． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The ocean is critical to all oxygen-dependent life．But life is also critical to the ocean．The ocean produces so much oxygen because of ocean plants，which draw down CO2 and change it into carbon-based sugars and oxygen．Ocean plants are climate change heroes! There is now a wide recognition of the role of ocean life in slowing climate change． On many Pacific islands，whales support tourism economies．While concerned about the impacts of climate change on whales，we also need to recognise that whales can contribute to fighting climate change！Through their deep dives，vast migrations，long lifespans (寿命)，and large bodies，whales have an enormous effect on the ocean． Whales both help ocean plants to draw down CO2 and help to store carbon in the ocean．Firstly，they provide essential nutrients that enable ocean plants to grow．Whale waste is a fertilizer，bringing nutrients from the depths，where whales feed，to the surface，where plants need these nutrients to grow well．Migratory whales also bring nutrients with them from highly-productive feeding grounds to the nutrient-poor waters of whales' breeding grounds，boosting the growth of ocean plants across the ocean． Secondly，whales keep the carbon locked in the ocean，out of the atmosphere，where it could otherwise contribute to climate change．Ocean plants produce carbon-based sugars，but with a very short lifespan．They can't store the carbon．When they die，much carbon is released in surface waters，and can be changed back to CO2．Whales，however，can live for over a century，feeding on food chains that begin with the sugars in these tiny plants，and storing up the carbon in their bodies．When whales die，deep ocean life feeds on their remains，and the carbon formerly stored in whales' bodies can enter sediment(沉淀物)．When carbon reaches deep ocean sediment，it is effectively locked away，and therefore unable to drive climate change．This carbon is unlikely to return as CO2 in the atmosphere． Several Pacific island countries are already leaders in whale conservation，having declared whale sanctuaries in their waters．Every year，whales socialize，breed，and give birth in Pacific island waters． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋生命对维持海洋生态系统至关重要，并重点讲述了鲸鱼对海洋环境和全球气候变化产生的积极影响。 1．Where do surface ocean plants get nutrients for growth? A．From whale waste． B．From the whales' bodies． C．From the sunlight． D．From ocean sediment． A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whale waste is a fertilizer，bringing nutrients from the depths，where whales feed，to the surface，where plants need these nutrients to grow well．”可知，鲸鱼的排泄物是一种肥料，海面上的植物需要这些营养来很好地生长。故选A。] 2．Why are ocean plants unable to store the carbon? A．They lack nutrients for growth． B．They never absorb carbon-based sugars． C．Carbon-based sugars can't be generated by them． D．The carbon in them is released after their death． D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ocean plants produce carbon-based sugars，but with a very short lifespan．They can't store the carbon．When they die，much carbon is released in surface waters，and can be changed back to CO2．”可知，海洋植物的寿命很短，它们体内的碳是在它们死后释放出来的。故选D。] 3．What does the underlined word “sanctuaries” in the last paragraph mean? A．Shelters．　　　　　　 B．Imports． C．Markets． D．Amusements． A　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知，几个太平洋岛国在鲸鱼保护方面已经达到领先水平，并公布了他们水域的鲸鱼保护区。根据语境可知，sanctuaries意为“避难所；庇护所”。故选A。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The importance of oceans to climate． B．The bad effects of CO2 to climate change． C．The role of whales in slowing climate change． D．The importance of oceans to all oxygen-dependent life． C　[主旨大意题。根据第二段中“...we also need to recognise that whales can contribute to fighting climate change！”、第三段中“Whales both help ocean plants to draw down CO2 and help to store carbon in the ocean．”和第四段中“Secondly，whales keep the carbon locked in the ocean，out of the atmosphere，where it could otherwise contribute to climate change．” 可知，文章主要阐述了鲸鱼在减缓气候变化方面的作用。故选C。] B When storms come rolling in across the ocean，they strike coastlines with tremendous force．Luckily，for thousands of miles of tropical coastlines，nature has provided a remarkable form of protection: coral reefs． These colorful wonders are best known for their diversity of life，their plentiful seafood，and their draw to scuba-diving tourists．But they are also astonishingly durable and firm structures built by tiny animals with calcium carbonate skeletons (碳酸钙骨架)，which provide an important service to the coastlines standing behind them—they can absorb up to 97% of wave energy． A new study estimates that reefs offer protection to up to 5.3 million people and $109 billion in gross domestic product (GDP) per decade．The maps generated by scientists in the study are at a much finer resolution (分辨率) than previous analyses，which allows users to view coral reefs with more details and see where reefs provide the highest degree of protection for people，GDP and infrastructure (基础设施)．“This level of detail means we can use this information in practical ways，like in the marine spacial planning we do to inform conservation strategies around the world，” says Dr．Spalding，the co-author of the study．More accurate data on where reefs protect people and infrastructure from destructive waves can help improve decision-making about which reefs to protect． We have already lost half of the world's reefs，and scientists predict we could lose up to 90% of them if actions are not taken to protect them．Effective management strategies are vital to supporting reef health and recovery． Coral reefs are often selected for conservation based on their ecological significance，which may mean they are located in remote places，away from the more direct effects of human pressures like development and pollution．“We are failing ourselves as well as nature if we don't also consider protecting the reefs that are located closer to humans，” says Spalding．“These are the reefs that protect us and provide for us in abundance．Let's look after them．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珊瑚礁以其丰富的生物多样性、充足的海鲜资源和对潜水游客的吸引力而闻名，同时强调了珊瑚礁作为坚固结构可以吸收高达97%的波浪能量，为沿岸地区提供重要保护。 5．Which function of coral reefs is mainly discussed in the text? A．Nurturing diverse living things． B．Offering plentiful seafood． C．Attracting scuba-diving tourists． D．Reducing the forces of waves． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，文章主要讨论的是珊瑚礁可以减少海浪的冲击力。故选D。] 6．To which field can the findings be applied? A．Ecotourism． B．Urban planning． C．Reef recovery． D．Deep-sea exploration． C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Effective management strategies are vital to supporting reef health and recovery．”可知，研究结果可以用于珊瑚礁的恢复。故选C。] 7．Why should we protect the reefs near to humans according to Spalding? A．They protect and provide for humans． B．They are more beautiful than remote reefs． C．They are of higher ecological significance． D．They provide better habitats for marine life． A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，我们应该保护靠近人类的珊瑚礁，因为它们保护人类并为人类提供资源，保护这些珊瑚礁对人类具有重要意义。故选A。] 8．What may be the best title for the text? A．Coral Reefs as Coastal Defenders B．The Secrets of Coral Reefs C．New Ways of Coral Reef Conservation D．Coastlines Behind Coral Reefs A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，珊瑚礁具有减少海浪冲击力的功能，从而保护海岸线免受风暴的破坏，这一功能使得珊瑚礁在海岸防护方面发挥着重要作用，即珊瑚礁是海岸防护者。故选A。] Ⅱ．应用文写作(满分15分) 你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．海洋的重要性； 2．保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Our Oceans，Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day．_______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文]　 Our Oceans，Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day．When it comes to the ocean，its pollution is becoming more and more serious．World Oceans Day，falling on June 8th，is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation． The ocean plays a key role in our world．Not only do oceans offer us sufficient food，but also they maintain the balance of nature．Thus，it is imperative to protect oceans．First of all，what we can do is attach importance to our daily actions．For example，do not throw garbage into oceans．What's more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean．The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment will be． All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans．To protect oceans is to protect ourselves． Ⅲ．读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Special Gift to Settle Embarrassment Jon was a forgetful kid．When he forgot his pajamas (睡衣) for the visit to the family cottage，he knew it would ruin the tradition of the annual Christmas morning photo． Last year on their family trip to his uncle's cottage for Christmas，he had forgotten the bag with the toiletries (洗漱用品) in it．Neither he nor his brother had toothbrushes or toothpaste or shampoo．He'd had to borrow from his cousins who were not thrilled to share，and Jon was not too thrilled that his hair smelled like strawberries all week． The year before，Jon had left some specially made food at home，so when it was time to taste the food and enjoy the get-together，they had to bite what was not suitable or fresh．His cousins laughed at him about that． And now，Jon couldn't believe he had forgotten to pack his pajamas．At home，that wouldn't really be a problem; he had extra pajamas．But at the cottage，there were photographs dating back for years and years of Jon's family on Christmas morning in front of the tree in their pajamas．Jon was feeling awful．He would be the first one to break the family tradition ever．Would he ruin Christmas for everyone? What could he do? He didn't want to tell his parents．He went looking around the cottage，and found an old T-shirt．That could work．He tried putting it on，but it was too small．He tried to stretch it，but it must have been washed 100 times，and it ripped (撕破) when he pulled on it． At this point，Jon was getting desperate．He searched his brother's luggage，trying to find some spare pajamas，only to find himself in trouble when his older brother caught him and screamed．His brother hated it when Jon messed with his stuff．Then his brother told their parents．Jon's parents listened quietly． 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 They were not angry at him for not bringing pajamas．_____________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ When morning came，the family gathered around the Christmas tree，all in pajamas except for Jon．__________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文]　 They were not angry at him for not bringing pajamas．Instead，they comforted him and told him not to worry．His father said they would find a way to solve the problem．His mother thought for a while and then had an idea．She went to her suitcase and took out a pair of her pajamas．Although they were a bit big for Jon，it was better than nothing．His mother kindly smiled and said，“Dear，this will do for now．Let's make the best of it．” Jon felt a wave of relief but also a tinge of guilt for causing this trouble． When morning came，the family gathered around the Christmas tree，all in pajamas except for Jon．But just as they were about to take the photo，his brother came up to him and handed him a special gift．It was a new pair of pajamas．His brother said he had bought them for him as a surprise．Jon's eyes widened in astonishment and joy．His heart filled with warmth and gratitude．Jon quickly put on the pajamas and joined the family for the photo．It was a Christmas morning filled with love，understanding，and unexpected surprises—a moment to remember forever． 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $