Unit 1 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦Reading and Thinking模块的语言知识讲练，围绕教材原句系统梳理核心词汇（如test out, appointment, guilty等动词、名词及形容词）和语法结构（it作形式主语、完全倒装句）。通过原句解析、词义拓展、搭配用法、单句语法填空与写作应用（含应用文、读后续写）等环节，构建从基础理解到综合运用的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，词汇讲练结合祝贺信、影评等真实写作场景提升表达能力，语法部分通过一句多译、单句写作训练思维灵活性。课时提升作业涵盖阅读理解、语法填空等多元题型，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用与迁移能力。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking) 1．(教材原句)It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire． *test out 检验；测试 test...out 　　　　 试用……；试验……；检验…… test sb．/sth．(for...) (为……而)测验/考查/试验/检查/化验某 人/某物 put...to the test 使……经受考验/检验 pass/fail a test 通过/没有通过测验 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①The software has been tested for viruses before it is introduced to the public． ②My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to test me out to see if I would cope． ③Everyone is waiting to see whether his promise will soon be put to the test． ④这些大学生将检验该电脑程序是否有漏洞。 The university students will test (out) the computer program for any bugs． 2．(教材原句)She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop． *appointment n．预约；约会；委任(appoint vt．委派；任命；指定；约定；确定 appointed adj．约定的；指定的) (1)have/make an appointment with sb． 约见某人；与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约 by appointment 按照约定 (2)appoint sb．(to be/as)... 任命某人为…… appoint sb．to do sth． 委派某人做某事 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①The man has been appointed as captain of the English team． ②We must appoint somebody to finish(finish) the tough task． ③I'm coming here by appointment to collect my salary and bonus． ④She made an appointment with the science fiction writer to meet at the cafe． ⑤(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为学生会主席，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you are appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Union，I am writing to congratulate you． 3．(教材原句)Although it was completely innocent，Claire felt guilty． *guilty adj．内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行) be guilty of　　　　　 犯有……罪 be/feel guilty about/at/for... 对/为……感到内疚/悔恨 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①It was ridiculous that the corrupt official declared that he was not guilty of corruption． ②She had feelings of guilt(guilty) about leaving her children at home and going to work． ③(读后续写之心理描写)那个女售货员因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚，眼中流出内疚的泪水。 The saleswoman felt guilty about/at/for not visiting her parents more often and tears of guilt welled up in her eyes． 4．(教材原句)Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling，but she fell off the ladder． *suspend vt．悬；挂；暂停；暂缓(suspense n．悬念；焦虑) (1)suspend...from...　 把……悬挂在……上；暂令……停职(停 学) (2)in suspense 悬而未决；心神不宁 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①I could not bear the suspense (suspend) a moment longer． ②He didn't tell me the truth，which kept me in suspense all day． ③(应用文写作之影评)这部精彩的电影因其悬念而给了我很好的体验。 The wonderful film gave me a good experience because of its suspense． 5．(教材原句)The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night． *dismiss vt．让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除(dismissal n．解雇；开除；撤职) dismiss...from...　　　　 (将某人)从……开除/解雇 be dismissed from one's post 某人被免职 dismiss fear from one's mind 消除某人心里的恐惧 dismiss sb．for... 因……而解雇某人 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①The minister was dismissed(dismiss) from his office in disgrace last week． ②When faced with the fierce bear，she tried to dismiss fear from her mind． ③铃声响起时，老师让学生们离开了。 The teacher dismissed the students when the bell rang． ④(读后续写之比喻修辞)她像自由的鸟儿一样尽情地跳舞，把她的烦恼抛在脑后。 She danced to her heart's content as free as a bird，dismissing her trouble from her mind． 6．(教材原句)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her． *declare vt．表明；宣称；公布(declaration n．宣布；宣告；声明) declare sb．/sth．(to be)＋n．/adj． 宣布(称)某人/某事为…… declare that... 宣布/宣称/声明…… declare war on/upon... 向……宣战 declare against sb．/sth． 声明反对某人/某事 declare for sb．/sth． 声明赞成某人/某事 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①To everyone's surprise，the accused was declared to be (be) innocent by the court． ②The company finally declared that the manager would resign from his post． ③He declared for the decision to increase the employees' salaries． ④(应用文写作之生态保护)幸运的是，没过多久这个湿地公园就被宣布为自然保护区，濒危动物得到了保护。 Luckily，it wasn't long before the wetland park was declared (to be) a nature reserve and the endangered animals got preserved． 词汇 ①more like更像是；更接近 ②suspend vt．悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ③whereas conj．然而；但是；尽管 ④on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准) 微练 ①记住，即使是世界冠军运动员也会坚持不懈地练习他们的技能。 Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis． ②她更像是春日里的一缕微风，总是给周围的人带来舒适和温暖。 She is more like a gentle wind on a spring day，always bringing comfort and warmth to those around her． ③该学生因考试作弊被停学。 The student was suspended from school for cheating in the exam． ④尽管任务艰巨，他们还是设法按时完成了。 Whereas the task was difficult，they managed to complete it on time． 1．(教材原句)Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him． *it作形式主语 句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有： (1)It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)＋主语从句(该结构可与“Sb．/Sth．＋be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)。 (2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear，occur等)＋主语从句。 (3)It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等)＋主语从句。 (4)It is＋adj．(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋主语从句。 单句写作/一句多译 ①显然，新方法使用起来非常简单。 It is obvious that the new approach is very easy to use． ②你不能跟我们一块去欣赏音乐会真是可惜。 It is a pity that you can't go with us to enjoy the concert． ③双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的母亲做一顿美味的母亲节早餐。 It occurred to the twins that they could cook a tasty Mother's Day breakfast for their beloved mother． ④据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他是在哪个国家学习的。 a．It is said that he studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in． b．He is said to have studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in． 2．(教材原句)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern． *完全倒装句 (1)该句为完全倒装句。主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语是stood。 (2)引起完全倒装的几种情形： ·时间、地点、方位副词位于句首时。 ·介词短语位于句首时。 ·作表语的过去分词、动词-ing形式、形容词等位于句首时。 [名师点津]　当句子的主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。 In he came and the lesson began． 他走进来开始上课。 单句写作 ①在我面前的是他耷拉着的 (drooping) 脑袋，眼睛盯着地板。 In front of me was his drooping head with his eyes fixed on the floor． ②(应用文写作之新闻报道)出席艺术节开幕式的是我们的校长。 Present at the opening ceremony of the art festival was our headmaster． ③我意识到我们坐在一起聊天的日子已经一去不复返了。 I realized gone were the days when we sat together chatting with each other． ④随着一声吼叫，从灌木丛中蹿出一只老虎。 Following the roar，out rushed a tiger from the bushes． 课时提升作业(一)　(Reading and Thinking) (建议用时：45分钟　满分：93.5分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．I have always regarded him as a man of integrity(诚实正直)． 2．They could accept this suggestion with dignity (尊严)． 3．May I make an appointment (约会) with you early this afternoon? 4．He didn't want to tell his wife that he was dismissed(解雇) from the service for his careless behaviours． 5．The two saleswomen(女售货员) were busily trying to keep up with the demand． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．Even if there is not crowded，visitors have to make an appointment (appoint) before entering a scenic spot． 2．We presume you are guilty (guilt)，unless you can prove otherwise；and we decide if you have done so． 3．Leonard made a rapid calculation (calculate): he'd never make it in time． 4．The secretary general says the declaration (declare) must now be backed up by effective actions． 5．Each course comprises 10—12 informal weekly (week) meetings． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) more like，on a weekly basis，test out，be guilty of，with dignity 1．The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of theft． 2．The publishers planned to produce the journal on a weekly basis． 3．The Chinese fan is more like an artwork than a tool for cooling． 4．We require our suppliers to treat all workers with dignity． 5．I've already got a chance to test out the public health insurance． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．当枪一响，这些体育生像箭一样冲了出去。(完全倒装) When the gun went off，out rushed the PE students like arrows． 2．我们可以从孩子身上学到很多，可以在某些方面更像他们。(more like) We can learn a lot from children and be more like them in some ways． 3．我的朋友们建议我们这个周五去山里露营。(suggest＋that从句) My friends suggested that we go camping in the mountains this Friday． 4．他表明他退休后爱上了园艺。(declare that) He declared that he was in love with gardening after retirement． 5．根据医学研究，经常进行锻炼可以减轻压力。(basis) According to medical research，doing exercise on a regular basis can reduce pressure． Ⅴ．补全短文(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分) My niece Jane worked hard for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she 1．took up an appointment as chairwoman (被任命为董事长)．She is highly respected 2．because she is full of integrity and dignity(因为她为人十分正直、庄重大方)．She 3．exactly calculates the staff's salaries (准确地核算员工工资) and rewards the best ones with a bonus．Most of the staff are modest，whereas one salesman，Jack，4．declared that he could sell anything by absurd promotions (宣称他可以通过荒谬的推销来卖任何东西)．In his view，he was superior to others．It turned out that he often conflicted with others．Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign 5．if Jack wasn't dismissed (如果杰克不被解雇)，which greatly shocked Jane and even made her filled with anger．Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons．Otherwise，6．his job would be suspended(他的工作将被暂停)．Jack 7．felt so guilty about/at/for his ridiculous behaviour(对自己愚蠢的行为感到非常内疚)．He promised to apologize to all the staff at the meeting held 8．on a weekly basis(每周一次的) to remove the division between him and his colleagues． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A Here are some of the science fiction books editors and readers have read and loved． The Calculating Stars(By Mary Robinette Kowal) What if space exploration isn't a choice but a necessity，driven by the knowledge that Earth would soon become unfit to live? That's what novelist Mary Robinette Kowal explores in her Lady Astronaut of Mars series．The book follows the mathematician and pilot Elma York，who dreams of becoming an astronaut herself． Red Moon(By Kim Stanley Robinson) Red Moon instantly transports the readers to the moon．The book opens with the journeys of Fred Fredericks，an American physicist，and Ta Shu，a famous Chinese travel reporter to the moon to work．In the world of the book，China has become the first political entity(实体) by virtue of advanced technology to live on the moon in a serious，long-term way． Before Mars(By Emma Newman) Emma Newman's science fiction sees a geologist arrives at a small Mars base after a lengthy journey，only to realize that things aren't as they seem．The base's AI is untrustworthy，and the main character finds a note by herself she has no memory of writing，which warns her not to trust the base psychologist．Can she trust the sights before her？Or has the long trip damaged her mind? Artemis (By Andy Weir) In his second novel Artemis，Andy Weir follows Jasmine Jazz Bashara，a porter on the moon who's drawn into danger．Artemis is an entertaining read through an attractive future moon base，with plenty of one-sixth-gravity action and memorable twists．It's well worth reading．Plus，there's a talking book version read by Rosario Dawson． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本科幻小说。 1．Why do humans explore space in Lady Astronaut of Mars series? A．To find life forms in outer space． B．To develop science and technology． C．To deepen their knowledge of space． D．To search for a new planet to live on． D　[细节理解题。根据The Calculating Stars部分中的“What if space exploration isn't a choice but a necessity...in her Lady Astronaut of Mars series．”可知，在该系列小说中，人类探索太空是为了寻找一颗新的行星来居住。] 2．What can we read in Red Moon? A．People are transported to the moon． B．China has been a technological superpower． C．The main characters like travelling on the moon． D．Conflicts take place among different countries． B　[推理判断题。根据Red Moon部分最后一句可知，在这本书里，中国凭借先进的科技而成为第一个长居月球的政治实体，即已经成为一个科技上的超级大国。] 3．Which book is suitable for people fond of listening to books? A．The Calculating Stars． B．Red Moon． C．Artemis． D．Before Mars． C　[细节理解题。根据Artemis部分最后一句可知，这本书有“有声读物”版本，因此适合喜欢听书的人。] B As one of the longest-running and largest sci-fi-themed events globally，the 81st World Science Fiction Convention (WorldCon) took place in Chengdu，Southwest China's Sichuan Province in October，2023，the first time that the conference has been held in China． “I think the Chengdu WorldCon offers a chance for the rest of the world to know more about Chinese sci-fi，and for China to learn more about sci-fi cultural products that are being made in the rest of the world，” says sinologist (汉学家) Agustín Alepuz Morales． “I hope that I can contribute to making Chinese sci-fi better known among the Spanish-speaking public，whether through this convention or in any other way，” the Spaniard says． Alepuz also goes by his Chinese name Xia Haiming．With over a decade of experience in translation including works，such as Death's End，the third novel of Liu Cixin's Hugo Award-winning sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem，Alepuz has devoted his life to bridging the gap between China and the West． To truly understand China，Alepuz noted that one must bury oneself in its culture，language，and history．He has been living in Beijing since he first arrived as a student at Renmin University of China in 2007．After graduation，he decided to stay，and then worked in different fields including translation and language teaching． “So far it has been 16 years of fascinating experiences which have helped me grow both as a professional and as a person，” Alepuz notes． Alepuz was given the “Friend of Chinese Literature” award for his outstanding contributions to bringing Chinese literature to the world．When asked what attracted him to Chinese science fiction specifically，Alepuz explained that he spent most of his childhood and teenage years reading sci-fi novels and short stories，and thus he became interested in Chinese sci-fi from an early stage of his study of the Chinese language and culture． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2023年在中国成都举办的第81届世界科幻大会(World Science Fiction Convention，简称WorldCon)以及一位致力于将中国科幻文学推向世界的西班牙汉学家Agustín Alepuz Morales的事迹和观点。 4．What does Alepuz think of Chengdu WorldCon? A．It acts as a cultural bridge． B．It represents a powerful China． C．It builds a book-selling platform． D．It popularizes the Spanish study． A　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Alepuz认为成都世界科幻大会为世界其他国家提供了一个更多了解中国科幻的机会，同时也为中国提供了更多了解世界其他国家制作的科幻文化产品的机会，即它充当了文化桥梁。故选A。] 5．What did Alepuz do as a sinologist? A．He wrote a sci-fi novel． B．He won a Hugo Award． C．He translated Death's End． D．He traveled around China． C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，Alepuz有超过十年的翻译经验，包括作品如《死神永生》，这是刘慈欣获得雨果奖的科幻小说《三体》三部曲中的第三部，Alepuz一生致力于弥合中国与西方之间的隔阂。由此可得知，作为汉学家，Alepuz翻译了《死神永生》。故选C。] 6．Which of the following can best describe Alepuz? A．Considerate．　　　　 B．Outgoing． C．Generous． D．Passionate． D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Alepuz has devoted his life to bridging the gap between China and the West．(Alepuz一生致力于弥合中国与西方之间的隔阂)”、第六段中“So far it has been 16 years of fascinating experiences which have helped me grow both as a professional and as a person”和最后一段第二句可知，Alepuz在学习中文和文化的早期阶段就对中国科幻产生了兴趣。综上所述，这些都在说明Alepuz对科幻和翻译工作充满热情，愿意一生致力于弥合中国与西方之间的隔阂，所以选项D “热情的”最能描述Alepuz。故选D。] 7．Why did Alepuz win the award of “Friend of Chinese Literature”？ A．For his role in teaching． B．For his spread of Chinese culture． C．For advertising Spanish sci-fi． D．For writing short stories． B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Alepuz was given the ‘Friend of Chinese Literature’ award for his outstanding contributions to bringing Chinese literature to the world．”可知，Alepuz因其传播中国文化而获得了“中国文学之友”奖。故选B。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) In recent years，science fiction is becoming increasingly popular．Science fiction writers use their magical imagination to create imaginary worlds that attract a great number of readers，especially teenagers．But how can they make it so believable? 1 The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science．So you must be familiar with the scientific laws related to your creation．If you're writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity，then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body． 2 Only in this way can you gain the readers' trust． Then the rules in your creation can be different from our daily life，so you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds． 3 For example，if humans in your creation are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1，your characters can't drown (溺水) in a swimming pool or river in Chapter 3． 4 You should decide the following issues: the history of the world，the geography，what possibilities it offers，how everything works in this new reality，as well as how all of these factors affect the way your characters think，feel，and react．You don't have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter．But you have to let readers know enough to understand what's going on． When you are writing，remember to make it feel real．You are creating a new real world for the readers． 5 They are able to see，hear，feel，smell，and even taste what it's like in the new world．Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet，help your readers feel like they're actually there． A．And you have to follow them． B．You are inviting them to visit the new world． C．You have to get rich imagination to create science fiction． D．Make sure what you are writing is not against basic science． E．Characters in the imaginary worlds always have super power． F．Here you will find the answer if you are longing to create one． G．Your preparation work also involves planning everything in great detail． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何使得自己创作的科幻小说可信且吸引读者给出了一些建议。 1．F　[上文“But how can they make it so believable？”提出疑问，而下文则开始给出建议，如何创作出一篇好的科幻小说。所以空处需要的是引出下文的句子。选项F引出下文，如何创作一篇好的科幻小说。故选F。] 2．D　[根据上文“If you're writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity，then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body．”可知，写作的时候要符合科学规律。而空后“Only in this way can you gain the readers' trust．”则再次强调要这样做，所以空处要提到“this way”的内容。选项D正是写作的原则，不违背科学，和下文的“this way”相一致。故选D。] 3．A　[根据空后“For example，if humans in your creation are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1，your characters can't drown in a swimming pool or river in Chapter 3．”可知，这里讲的是你书中的规则或许和现实生活的不同，但你在写作时要遵守自己拟定的规则。选项A和上文“you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds”一致，且正是下文例子所要说明的。故选A。] 4．G　[空处为段首句，为本段中心句。本段下文讲的是你想要写的科幻小说中的一切细节。选项G与下文内容一致。故选G。] 5．B　[根据空后两句可知，你所塑造的这个世界要能够让读者感觉自己就在其中。选项B引出下文，建议你要让读者有身临其境的感觉。故选B。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) The Three-Body Problem is a famous science fiction novel written by Liu Cixin．The story follows the main character Ye Wenjie 1． experiences as a scientist lead to a series of events that have far-reaching consequences for Earth and humanity．2． (use) the sun as an antenna (天线)，Ye Wenjie sent out the first cry of Earth civilization to the universe，and made 3． Breakthrough in the search for alien civilization． Liu Cixin applies brilliant imagination and complex storytelling in this novel，allowing it 4． (recommend) worldwide，especially to science fiction enthusiasts．The novel weaves (交织) scientific concepts and historical events together，5． (explore) humanity's place in the universe and the potential consequences of contact with alien civilization．The Three-Body Problem has gained widespread 6． (popular) for its inspiring narrative and compelling characters．Its exploration of complex scientific theories and its unique perspective on the human condition have made it a 7． (recognize) work in contemporary science fiction．The success of The Three-Body Problem has brought attention to Chinese science fiction and expanded its influence 8． (global)．Ever since it came out，the novel 9． (translate) into multiple languages．And Liu Cixin's works continue to appeal 10． readers with their in-depth insight into the unknown． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了刘慈欣的科幻小说《三体》。 1．whose　[考查定语从句。句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为Ye Wenjie，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。] 2．Using　[考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语sent out，空格处应用非谓语动词，Ye Wenjie和use之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Using。] 3．a　[考查冠词。句中泛指取得了一项突破，空格处应用不定冠词，breakthrough的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。] 4．to be recommended　[考查非谓语动词。句中涉及固定短语allow sb．/sth．to do sth．，it和recommend为被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be recommended。] 5．exploring　[考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词weaves，设空处应用非谓语动词，novel和explore之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填exploring。] 6．popularity　[考查名词。空格处应用名词，作gained的宾语，popularity “流行”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。] 7．recognizable　[考查形容词。空格处修饰名词work，应用形容词recognizable“容易认出的”，作定语。故填recognizable。] 8．globally　[考查副词。设空处修饰动词expanded，应用副词globally “全球地”，作状语。故填globally。] 9．has been translated　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和句中“Ever since”可知，句子应用现在完成时，novel和translate为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been translated。] 10．to　[考查介词。句中涉及固定短语appeal to sb．“对某人有吸引力”，to是介词。故填to。] 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $