一般现在时详解及练习（讲义）-2025-2026学年人教精通版（2012）英语五年级上册

该小学英语讲义通过框架式结构系统梳理一般现在时知识体系，从用法分类（经常性动作、客观事实等）、句子结构（含系动词be和实义动词）到动词三单变化规则，用示例句和对比说明呈现知识脉络，清晰标注重难点如三单变化及否定句助动词使用。 练习设计注重语言能力与思维品质培养，涵盖动词填空、句型转换（如将肯定句改为否定句）、单项选择等题型，通过“三单变化规则+错题示例”指导，基础学生掌握用法，优秀学生深化理解，助力教师精准教学，支持学生自主复习。

人教精通版英语五年级上册 一般现在时详解及练习 一般现在时详解 一、什么是一般现在时？ 一般现在时并不表示“现在正在发生的事情”，而是主要用来描述： 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作。 例：I get up at 7:00 every day. （我每天七点起床。） 例：She goes to school by bus. （她乘公交车去上学。） 2. 客观事实、真理或自然现象。 例：The sun rises in the east. （太阳从东方升起。） 例：Water boils at 100°C. （水在100摄氏度沸腾。） 3. 当前的状态、能力或感觉。 例：He likes playing football. （他喜欢踢足球。） 例：I know him very well. （我很了解他。） 例：She has a beautiful voice. （她有一副好嗓子。） 4. 时刻表。 例：The train leaves at 8:00 tonight. （火车今晚8点开。） 二、句子结构 1. 含有系动词 be (am, is, are) 的句子： 这种句子后面通常跟名词、形容词或介词短语，来说明主语的身份、状态或位置。 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + ... I am a student. He/She/It is tall. You/We/They are in the classroom. 否定句：在 am/is/are 后面直接加 not I am not a teacher. He is not (isn't) busy. We are not (aren't) at home. 一般疑问句：将 Am/Is/Are 提到句首。 Are you a doctor? → Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Is she happy? → Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Are they students? → Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 2. 含有实义动词的句子：动词会根据主语的人称和数发生变化。 肯定句： 当主语是 I, you, we, they 或复数名词时，动词用原形。 I like apples. They play basketball after school. 当主语是 第三人称单数 (he, she, it, Tom, my mother) 时，动词要变成第三人称单数形式。 He likes apples. My sister plays basketball. 否定句：使用助动词 do 或 does + not + 动词原形。 主语是 I, you, we, they：do not (don't) + 动词原形 I don't like apples. They don't play basketball. 主语是 he, she, it：does not (doesn't) + 动词原形 (注意：用了doesn‘t，后面的动词要变回原形！） He doesn't like apples. (不是 doesn't likes) She doesn't play basketball. 一般疑问句：将 Do 或 Does 提到句首，后面动词用原形。 Do you/they like apples? → Yes, I/they do. / No, I/they don't. Does he/she like apples? → Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesn't. 三、动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 1. 一般情况，直接在动词后加 -s。 work → works play → plays like → likes 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的动词，加 -es。 pass → passes fix → fixes wash → washes teach → teaches go → goes 3. 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 -es。 study → studies carry → carries try → tries 注意：如果是元音字母+y，则直接加-s，如：play → plays, buy → buys 4. 不规则变化： have → has 一般现在时基础练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My brother _______ (like) reading books. 2. I _______ (do) my homework every evening. 3. She _______ (go) to school at 7:30. 4. They _______ (watch) TV on weekends. 5. Tom _______ (study) English very hard. 6. We _______ (have) a music class on Monday. 二、将下列句子改为否定句 1. I know the answer. → _________________________ 2. She lives in London. → _________________________ 3. They play football after school. → _________________________ 4. He has a lot of friends. → _________________________ 三、将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答 1. You speak English. → 问句：_________________________? → 肯定：_________________________ → 否定：_________________________ 2. She works in a hospital. → 问句：_________________________? - 肯定：_________________________ - 否定：_________________________ 四、单项选择 ( ) 1. ______ your father ______ to work? A. Do; drive B. Does; drives C. Does; drive ( ) 2. The children ______ fruit every day. A. doesn't eat B. don't eat C. not eat ( ) 3. Lucy ______ her hair twice a week. A. wash B. washs C. washes ( ) 4. ______ they ______ a computer? A. Do; has B. Do; have C. Does; have 【基础练习答案】 一、1. likes 2. do 3. goes 4. watch 5. studies 6. have 二、 1. I don't know the answer. 2. She doesn't live in London. 3. They don't play football after school. 4. He doesn't have a lot of friends. 三、 1. 问句：Do you speak English? 肯定：Yes, I do. 否定：No, I don't. 2. 问句：Does she work in a hospital? 肯定：Yes, she does. 否定：No, she doesn't. 四、 1. C (Does; drive) 2. B (don't eat) 3. C (washes) 4. B (Do; have) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $