Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth! 现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态及情态动词的用法（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版九年级全一册

Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth ! 核心语法精练（现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态及情态动词的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 现在进行时 一、现在进行时 be（am/is/are）+动词ing 现在进行时 基本用法 基本结构 标志词 now、look、listen、these days等 1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间之内正在进行的动作 ►We are studying in the classroom now. 现在我们正在教室里学习。（目前正在发生） ►Are you preparing for the final exam these days? 这段时间你在为期末考试做准备吗？（现阶段正在发生） 【拓展延伸】 （1）come、go、leave、start、arrive等动词可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 ►John is coming here next week and will stay here until May. 约翰下星期要来这里，将在此待到五月。 （2）现在进行时可表示反复发生的动作，常与always、all the time等连用，多伴有一定的感情色彩，如不满、赞赏等。 Eg.He is always thinking of others. 他总是为别人着想。 （3）以下动词通常不用于现在进行时： ①表示感觉或感情的动词，如smell、taste、seem、like、love、wish、hope等； ②表示理解、记忆或决定等的动词，如remember、understand、believe、decide等； ③表示所有或占有的动词，如have、belong、own等。 一、单项选择 1．—What’s that noise? —Oh! Chris ________ songs in his room. A．sings B．is singing C．has sung D．was singing 2．—Mike, where’s your daddy? I can’t find him anywhere. —He ________ his car in the garden, Mom. A．cleans B．is cleaning C．cleaned D．has cleaned 3．You’d better not disturb (打扰) Linda now, because she ________ her report for tomorrow’s meeting. A．is preparing B．will prepare C．was preparing D．has prepared 4．—Where is Jack? —He is in the study. Look! He _____ the map on the table to try to find some places of interest. Let’s go and look. A．laid B．will lay C．is laying D．was laying 5．—Where is your sister? I want to ask her about her school life. —She ________ outside. She exercises for half an hour every day. A．ran B．is running C．runs D．was running 6．— What are you doing?— I ________ a letter to my pen pal. A．write B．wrote C．am writing D．will write 7．Look! Some children ________ in the river. A．swim B．swam C．have swum D．are swimming 8．Don’t make so much noise. We ________ to the music. A．listened B．listen C．are listening D．have listened 9．It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A．is raining B．rains C．rained D．was raining 10．—Dad, please don’t make a phone call. You ________ a car now. —I’m sorry. I won’t do it again. A．drives B．drove C．was driving D．are driving 二、句型转换 1．Tina often draws pictures after school. (用now改写) Tina pictures now. 2．Tom is reading Journey to the West now.（改为一般疑问句） Tom Journey to the West now? 3．The man is singing over there. I know him.（合成定语从句） I know the man singing over there. 4．Trees are being planted over there by the volunteers. (改为主动句) The volunteers __________over there. 5．The hungry child asked for a piece of bread. (改为现在进行时) __________________________________________________________________ 三、完成句子 1．看，有个外星人在追着那个男人跑。 Look, an alien is the man. 2．众所周知，英语是一门有用的语言。许多国家的学生正在学习英语。 It is well-known that English is a useful language. Students in many countries English. 3．看！他们正在为老人们打扫房间。 Look！They the rooms for the old people. 4．美好的未来正在等待着我们。 A great future is us. 5．丽萨正在农场上和朋友们骑马。 Lisa is with friends on the farm. 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词 现在完成时 基本用法 基本结构 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和already、never、ever、yet等连用 2.表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在在内），且还有可能持续下去的动作，常和“for+时间段”、“since+时间点”、in the last/past...years、so far等连用 ►I have already had supper. 我已经吃过晚饭了。（表示现在不饿了） ►I have been in the army for 5 years. 我在部队已经待5年了。 ►They have lived here since 20 years ago. 他们从20年前就住在这里了。 【拓展延伸】 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词（短语）（如come、go、arrive、leave、join、become、die、buy等）不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。若与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性动词（短语）要转成相应的延续性动词或短语。常见的有： buy → __have__ borrow → __keep__ join → be a member of/be in finish/stop → be over die → be dead leave → be away begin/start → be on fall asleep → be asleep open → be open marry → be married come/go/arrive → be in/at close → be closed 一、单项选择 1．Kate ________ the film before, but she decides to see it a second time. A．have seen B．had seen C．saw D．has seen 2．I really love Jack’s idea. So far, I ________ twice. A．try it out B．tried it out C．will try it out D．have tried it out 3．Mary ________ in that housing estate since she came back to Shanghai in 2015. A．is living B．had lived C．would live D．has lived 4．—Where is Tom? —He ________ the library. He’ll be back in an hour. A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．goes to 5．—Can you finish your homework in 10 minutes? —That’s impossible! I ________ only half of the work so far. A．have completed B．completed C．am completing D．will complete 6．China’s economy _________ rapidly over the past few years. A．was developing B．developed C．has developed D．develops 7．The old man ________ for more than 2 years. People still express their admiration for him online. A．dies B．died C．had died D．has been dead 8．—What’s up, Lily? —The school art competition is coming, but I ________ an idea for my painting yet. A．won’t get B．don’t get C．haven’t got D．am not getting 9．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, twice. It’s amazing. A．Have; been B．Have; gone C．Did; go D．Do; go 10．I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 二、句型转换 1．He left Chongqing three days ago. (改为同义句) He away from Chongqing for three days. 2．Robert borrowed these classic novels three weeks ago. (改为同义句) Robert these classic novels for three weeks. 3．His father has been dead for five years. (改为同义句) His father has been dead five years . 4．Peter bought this bike 3 years ago. （同义句转换） Peter this bike for 3 years. 5．He went to Hamburg in 1996 and he still lives there now.（保持句意基本不变） He lived in Hamburg 1996. 三、完成句子 1．我们买这个房子已有5年了。 We the house for 5 years. 2．音乐会已经开始10分钟了。 The concert has for 10 minutes. 3．布莱恩，你已经完成英语作业了吗? your English homework yet, Brian? 4．他们已经结婚五年了。 They for five years. 5．这些天我没有收到他的来信。 I haven’t him these days. 被动语态 一、语法概述 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。其基本结构是 be+及物动词的过去分词 。 二、被动语态的构成 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 I am invited to her party. 我被邀请去参加她的聚会。 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The bridge was built in 1980. 这座桥建于1980年。 一般将来时 will be+过去分词 The trees will be planted tomorrow. 明天将种这些树。 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 My bike has been repaired. 我的自行车已经被修好了。 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词 The plan is being discussed. 这个计划正在讨论中。 【拓展延伸】含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”。 ►Lights must be turned off when we leave the classroom. 我们离开教室的时候必须关灯。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 将主动句变为被动句时，有如下步骤： 1.确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语； 2.把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语，若主动句里的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格； 3.把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”，但时态不改变； 4.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。主动语态 I clean my room. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 My room is cleaned by me. 主语 谓语 by+宾语 【特别提醒】在含有使役动词（如：make）或感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。 Eg.I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. → He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop. 我看到他穿过马路进了商店。 四、适合用被动语态的情况 1.当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时，用被动语态。 Eg.The flowers are watered every morning. 这些花每天早上（被人）浇水。 2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略“by+动作的执行者”。 Eg.The new teacher is liked by all the students. 这名新老师被所有学生喜爱。 3.表示“据说/据报道/人们相信等”，常用“It is+过去分词（said/reported/believed等）+that从句”句型。 Eg.It is reported that a rainstorm is coming. 据报道，一场暴风雨就要来了。 五、不能用被动语态的情况 1.系动词get、turn、seem、look、sound等后接形容词作表语时，不能用被动语态。 2.There be句型不使用被动语态。 3.主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。 4.不及物动词或词组没有被动结构，如take place（发生）、happen（发生）、come about（发生）、break out（爆发）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、last（持续）等。 5.write、wash、sell和副词well、easily等连用，且主语是物时，通常用主动形式表示被动含义。 Eg.This kind of bike sells well. 这种自行车卖得很好。 一、单项选择 1．—When shall we go to watch Yunnan Yukun Football Club’s match? —If the work ________ on time, then we will go tomorrow. A．will finish B．has finished C．is finished D．will be finished 2．Our classroom ________ every day. It is very clean. A．clean B．cleans C．is cleaned D．be cleaned 3．—I ________ to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. —Congratulations! A．told B．am told C．was told D．has told 4．—The flowers on both sides make the street beautiful. —Yes. They ________ last week. A．planted B．will plant C．were planted D．will be planted 5．—Do you know a factory ________ here next year? —Yes. It’s the biggest one. A．will build B．builds C．is built D．will be built 6．Don’t worry. The problem will _________ soon. A．solves B．solving C．solved D．be solved 7．My mother told me that my homework must ________. A．finish B．be finish C．be finished D．finished 8．Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 9．The books written by Lucy ________ at a low price, so they ________ well. A．sell; sell B．are sold; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; are sold 10．—The World War II ________ in1939 and ended in 1945. People lived a hard life. —Yes. My grandfather was in ________at that time. A．broke out; twenties B．was broken out; his twenties C．broke out; his twenties D．was broken out; the twenties 二、句型转换 1．The boss makes his clerks work for more than 14 hours a day.  (改成被动语态) The clerks for more than 14 hours a day. 2．Their parents don’t allow them to go out at night. (改为被动语态) They to go out by their parents at night. 3．Mike broke the glass when he was washing the dishes. (改为被动语态) The glass by Mike when he was washing the dishes. 4．We will finish the work soon. (改为被动语态) The work by us soon. 5．We should keep the hand-made chocolate in a low temperature. （改为被动语态） The hand-made chocolate should in a low temperature. 三、完成句子 1．广州每年都举办马拉松比赛。 The Marathon in Guangzhou every year. 2．他们昨天被邀请去分享他们的想法。 They to share their ideas yesterday. 3．一个月后，我们学校将举办校园英语节。 The school English Festival in our school in a month. 4．在公园里游客应被阻止踩踏草地。 Visitors should on the grass in the park. 5．这辆自行车坏了，需要被修理。 This bike is broken and it needs . 情态动词 一、语法概述 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。初中阶段常用的情态动词有can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to、would、need等。 二、情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 ►—Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 ►I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 ►She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 ►I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 ►—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不，不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，may not/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 ►The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 ►It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. ►—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 ►We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 ►You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 ►You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 ►They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂； would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂； would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 ►Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ ►Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ ►I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. ►—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不，他不需要。 have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。 一、单项选择 1．—Look! Linda is over there. —It ________ be her. She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．can 2．— It’s dangerous to walk across the street carelessly. — You’re right. We ________ not be too careful while crossing the street. A．can B．may C．must D．should 3．—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. A．may not B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t 4．—________ I borrow your English dictionary? I left mine at home. —Sure, here you are. You can keep it for two days. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Need 5．—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it? —It ________ be Mary. Only she can do it in our class. A．can B．must C．need D．might 6．—________ we hand in the paper tomorrow? —No, we ________. We can give it to Mr. Li before the weekend. A．Must; needn’t B．Must; mustn’t C．Need; shouldn’t D．Need; can’t 7．—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 8．People ________ only think for themselves. Sharing and caring make the world better. A．must B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．might 9．—How is the weather today? —It’s hot. You ________ wear the coat. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．must D．can’t 10．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 二、句型转换 1．The hair band must be Mary’s.(改为否定句) The hair band Mary’s. 2．The tall man must be Jim’s uncle. (完成反意疑问句) The tall man must be Jim’s uncle, ? 3．Could you please take photos here? (改为否定句) Could you please photos here? 4．Mary has to hand in the report before the weekend.（改为一般疑问句） Mary to hand in the report before the weekend? 5．All of them are able to speak French.（改为否定句） of them speak French. 三、完成句子 1．这个篮球不可能是玛丽的。她从不打篮球。 This basketball Mary’s. She never plays basketball. 2．玛丽现在可能正在家里看电视。 Mary TV at home now. 3．一定有东西在拜访我们附近的住户。 There things the homes in our neighborhood. 4．今天下午你没必要来了。 You come this afternoon. 5．因为洪水，我们不得不取消运动会。 We cancel the sports meeting because of the flood. 一、完形填空 John Muir was a protector of nature. He set an example that each of us can follow to protect the natural areas 1 us. The first way we can follow Muir’s example is to discover our local natural areas. Muir was a great 2 . He once walked one thousand miles from Indiana to Florida. Another way to follow Muir is to 3 nature. Muir loved to explore(探索) the outdoors. He learned 4 he could about rocks, plants, and animals. From 5 exploring, he came to realize that the wilderness, places where people do not live or build, is an important gift. Muir made a 6 that his life’s goal was to protect this gift. Muir’s greatest example for us is his work to protect nature. He 7 its beauty by writing books. He climbed Yosemite’s peaks(山峰) and 8 them as “clothes in light”. In 9 , he enjoyed its “pearl-gray belt of snow(珠灰色雪带)” . However, he also saw 10 eating Yosemite’s plants and people cutting down its trees for wood. Muir gave talks 11 wrote books about these dangers. President Theodore Roosevelt was 12 impressed(给……留下深刻印象) after hearing that Muir visited Yosemite that he signed a law making Yosemite a 13 park in 1890. This meant that the US 14 would take care of it. We can find our own pieces of nature to explore, learn about and protect. We can write to our local newspapers about nature’s beauty and tell people 15 to help care for it. We can all follow John Muir’s footsteps. 1．A．towards B．above C．around D．through 2．A．traveler B．doctor C．writer D．farmer 3．A．bring about B．care about C．think about D．learn about 4．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 5．A．her B．his C．your D．its 6．A．question B．decision C．chance D．mistake 7．A．covered B．connected C．shared D．discussed 8．A．communicated B．described C．guided D．discovered 9．A．winter B．autumn C．summer D．spring 10．A．sheep B．tigers C．lions D．pandas 11．A．or B．but C．and D．so 12．A．very B．quite C．so D．such 13．A．modern B．national C．traditional D．clean 14．A．engineers B．villagers C．volunteers D．government 15．A．when B．which C．what D．how 二、任务型阅读 Long time ago, the Earth mother offered us rich energy. But because of the development of the world industrial economy, the fast increase of population, and the unlimited human desire, our living environment is becoming worse and worse. Nowadays people have realized the problems. A new lifestyle called low carbon is spreading every corner of our country. The concepts of low carbon are low energy and no waste. It is necessary for everybody to live a low-carbon life. To live a low-carbon life, we’d better save as much energy as we can. For example, turn off the lights and TV when you don’t use them, use cold water to wash clothes or dishes, use the solar water heater instead of the electrical one. To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat. Being a vegetarian can help reduce one and a half ton of carbon dioxide a year, but keeping animals for food produces even more carbon dioxide than all the cars do in the world. To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping when we go shopping, we may drive a car or take a bus. On one hand, these transportation pollute the air. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things because of some advertisements. There are many other ways to live a low-carbon life, such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks. If we can keep it a habit in our daily life, the earth will become a safer planet for us to live on. 16．What does low carbon mean? . 17．How many kinds of way to live a low-carbon life are mentioned in the passage? . 18．What should we eat more to reduce carbon dioxide? . 19．Why should we do less shopping? . 20．How do you like a low carbon dioxide life? (请自拟一句话作答) . 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文。在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore? Have you ever thought about how these things can 21 (actual) be put to good use? Nothing is a waste 22 you have a creative mind. Amy Hayes is an 23 (usual) woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built 24 (she) out of rubbish. The windows and doors come 25 old buildings that were pulled down around her town. The top of the house is 26 old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is 27 (make) of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy isn’t the only one 28 is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong, China uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few 29 (year). She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and 30 (use). Let’s learn from them, learn to recycle and reuse, and not waste resources around us. 9 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth ! 核心语法精练（现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态及情态动词的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 现在进行时 一、现在进行时 be（am/is/are）+动词ing 现在进行时 基本用法 基本结构 标志词 now、look、listen、these days等 1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间之内正在进行的动作 ►We are studying in the classroom now. 现在我们正在教室里学习。（目前正在发生） ►Are you preparing for the final exam these days? 这段时间你在为期末考试做准备吗？（现阶段正在发生） 【拓展延伸】 （1）come、go、leave、start、arrive等动词可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 ►John is coming here next week and will stay here until May. 约翰下星期要来这里，将在此待到五月。 （2）现在进行时可表示反复发生的动作，常与always、all the time等连用，多伴有一定的感情色彩，如不满、赞赏等。 Eg.He is always thinking of others. 他总是为别人着想。 （3）以下动词通常不用于现在进行时： ①表示感觉或感情的动词，如smell、taste、seem、like、love、wish、hope等； ②表示理解、记忆或决定等的动词，如remember、understand、believe、decide等； ③表示所有或占有的动词，如have、belong、own等。 一、单项选择 1．—What’s that noise? —Oh! Chris ________ songs in his room. A．sings B．is singing C．has sung D．was singing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那是什么噪音？——哦！Chris正在他的房间里唱歌。 考查现在进行时。根据“What’s that noise?”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，与问句中的“noise”相呼应，强调当前正在发生的动作。故选B。 2．—Mike, where’s your daddy? I can’t find him anywhere. —He ________ his car in the garden, Mom. A．cleans B．is cleaning C．cleaned D．has cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Mike，你爸爸在哪儿？我到处都找不到他。——他正在花园里洗车，妈妈。 考查动词时态。cleans擦，一般现在时；is cleaning正在擦，现在进行时；cleaned擦了，一般过去时；has cleaned已经擦了，现在完成时。根据“where’s your daddy?”可知，对话发生在当下，询问的是爸爸现在的位置和正在做的事情。因此，答语应用现在进行时来描述爸爸此刻正在进行的动作。故选B。 3．You’d better not disturb (打扰) Linda now, because she ________ her report for tomorrow’s meeting. A．is preparing B．will prepare C．was preparing D．has prepared 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你现在最好不要打扰琳达，因为她正在为明天的会议准备报告。 考查动词时态。根据“You’d better not disturb Linda now”可知，此处描述的是说话时正在发生的动作，应使用现在进行时，结构为be doing；主语为“she”，be动词用is。故选A。 4．—Where is Jack? —He is in the study. Look! He _________ the map on the table to try to find some places of interest. Let’s go and look. A．laid B．will lay C．is laying D．was laying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克在哪？——他在书房。看！他正在桌上摊开地图，试图寻找一些景点。我们过去看看吧。 考查动词的时态，根据“Look!”可知，动作正在发生，故此处应用现在进行时，即“is laying”表示“正在铺开”。故选C。 5．—Where is your sister? I want to ask her about her school life. —She ________ outside. She exercises for half an hour every day. A．ran B．is running C．runs D．was running 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪？我想问问她的学校生活。——她正在外面跑步。她每天锻炼半小时。 考查现在进行时。根据“Where is your sister”可知，是在询问现在你的姐姐在哪，故答句应描述当前正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时。故选B。 6．— What are you doing? — I ________ a letter to my pen pal. A．write B．wrote C．am writing D．will write 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在做什么？——我正在给我的笔友写信。     考查动词时态辨析。write一般现在时；wrote一般过去时；am writing现在进行时；will write一般将来时。根据“What are you doing”的语境，回答的是当前正在进行的动作，故选C。 7．Look! Some children ________ in the river. A．swim B．swam C．have swum D．are swimming 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！有些孩子在河里游泳。 考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知此处描述的是正在进行的动作，时态为现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，主语为“Some children”，be动词应用are。故选D。 8．Don’t make so much noise. We ________ to the music. A．listened B．listen C．are listening D．have listened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别那么吵。我们正在听音乐。 考查时态。根据“Don’t make so much noise. We...to the music.”可知，应该是正在听音乐，时态为现在进行时，结构为be doing。故选C。 9．It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A．is raining B．rains C．rained D．was raining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面正在下大雨。我们出去走的话会被淋湿的。 考查动词时态。根据“We are going to get all wet walking outside”可知，说话时正在下雨，强调当前正在发生的动作，用现在进行时（am/is/are doing）。故选A。 10．—Dad, please don’t make a phone call. You ________ a car now. —I’m sorry. I won’t do it again. A．drives B．drove C．was driving D．are driving 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——爸爸，请不要打电话。你现在在开车。——对不起，我不会再这样做了。 考查动词时态。根据“You ...a car now.”中的“now”可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时（are doing）。故选D。 二、句型转换 1．Tina often draws pictures after school. (用now改写) Tina pictures now. 【答案】 is drawing 【详解】句意：蒂娜放学后经常画画。根据题意，draws是第三人称单数动词形式，其动词原形是draw；用now改写句子，改写后的句子的时态是现在进行时，其结构是“is/am/are+现在分词”，因为主语Tina是第三人称单数，因此be动词用单数形式is，动词draw要用现在分词drawing。故填is；drawing。 2．Tom is reading Journey to the West now.（改为一般疑问句） Tom Journey to the West now? 【答案】 Is reading 【详解】句意：汤姆正在读《西游记》。根据题干可知，句子时态是现在进行时态，句中含有动词is，因此一般疑问句只需要把is提前即可。故填Is；reading。 3．The man is singing over there. I know him.（合成定语从句） I know the man singing over there. 【答案】 who/that is 【详解】句意：那个人在那边唱歌。我认识他。原句“The man is singing over there”需转换为定语从句修饰“the man”，且从句缺主语和谓语。先行词是人（the man），需用关系代词who或that，并保留进行时态is singing。由于主句谓语是know，从句需保持从属结构，故填who/that；is。 4．Trees are being planted over there by the volunteers. (改为主动句) The volunteers __________over there. 【答案】are planting 【详解】句意：志愿者们正在那边植树。原句是现在进行时，现在进行时的谓语动词构成是am/is/are+动词现在分词形式，主语是The volunteers，be动词用are，plant的现在分词形式为planting。故填are planting。 5．The hungry child asked for a piece of bread. (改为现在进行时) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The hungry child is asking for a piece of bread. 【详解】句意：那个饥饿的孩子要了一片面包。现在进行时的结构是“am/is/are+doing”，本句主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填The hungry child is asking for a piece of bread. 三、完成句子 1．看，有个外星人在追着那个男人跑。 Look, an alien is the man. 【答案】running after 【详解】run after“追赶”，时态是现在进行时，动词用现在分词形式，故填running after。 2．众所周知，英语是一门有用的语言。许多国家的学生正在学习英语。 It is well-known that English is a useful language. Students in many countries English. 【答案】 are learning/studying 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空缺处用现在进行时，谓语结构为am/is/are+现在分词；句子主语Students为复数，因此用are；learn/study意为“学习”，现在分词为learning/studying。故填are；learning/studying。 3．看！他们正在为老人们打扫房间。 Look！They the rooms for the old people. 【答案】 are cleaning 【详解】分析句子可知，此处缺的是“正在打扫”，根据“Look”可知，此处应用现在进行时be doing，主语they，be动词用are，“打扫”clean。故填are；cleaning。 4．美好的未来正在等待着我们。 A great future is us. 【答案】 waiting for 【详解】wait for意为“等待”，本句时态为现在进行时，谓语动词构成是be+现在分词，因此wait应用现在分词形式。故填waiting；for。 5．丽萨正在农场上和朋友们骑马。 Lisa is with friends on the farm. 【答案】riding a horse 【详解】考查的是现在进行时的动词形式。“Lisa is”后面需要一个动词的现在分词形式来表示正在进行的动作。根据题干中的中文提示“丽萨正在农场上和朋友们骑马”，可知丽萨正在进行的活动是“骑马”，ride a horse表示“骑马”，故填riding a horse。 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词 现在完成时 基本用法 基本结构 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和already、never、ever、yet等连用 2.表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在在内），且还有可能持续下去的动作，常和“for+时间段”、“since+时间点”、in the last/past...years、so far等连用 ►I have already had supper. 我已经吃过晚饭了。（表示现在不饿了） ►I have been in the army for 5 years. 我在部队已经待5年了。 ►They have lived here since 20 years ago. 他们从20年前就住在这里了。 【拓展延伸】 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词（短语）（如come、go、arrive、leave、join、become、die、buy等）不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。若与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性动词（短语）要转成相应的延续性动词或短语。常见的有： buy → __have__ borrow → __keep__ join → be a member of/be in finish/stop → be over die → be dead leave → be away begin/start → be on fall asleep → be asleep open → be open marry → be married come/go/arrive → be in/at close → be closed 一、单项选择 1．Kate ________ the film before, but she decides to see it a second time. A．have seen B．had seen C．saw D．has seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Kate以前看过这部电影，但她决定再看一次。 考查现在完成时。before表示过去的经验，句子需用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词，主语Kate是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选D。 2．I really love Jack’s idea. So far, I ________ twice. A．try it out B．tried it out C．will try it out D．have tried it out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢Jack的想法。到目前为止，我已经尝试了两次。 考查现在完成时。根据“So far”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，D项符合。故选D。 3．Mary ________ in that housing estate since she came back to Shanghai in 2015. A．is living B．had lived C．would live D．has lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽自2015年回到上海后，就一直住在那个住宅区。 考查现在完成时的用法。此句为since引导的时间状语从句，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，主句使用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。空处位于主句，主语为“Mary”，助动词用has；live的过去分词为lived。故选D。 4．—Where is Tom? —He ________ the library. He’ll be back in an hour. A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．goes to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？——他去图书馆了。他一小时后回来。 考查动词时态。has been to去过某地（已回来）；has gone to去了某地（未回来）；went to去了（过去时）；goes to去（一般现在时）。根据答语“He’ll be back in an hour.”可知，汤姆现在不在这里，是“去了”图书馆且尚未回来，应用has gone to。故选B。 5．—Can you finish your homework in 10 minutes? —That’s impossible! I ________ only half of the work so far. A．have completed B．completed C．am completing D．will complete 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能在十分钟内完成作业吗？——那不可能！到目前为止我只完成了一半。 考查动词时态。根据答句中“so far”（到目前为止）可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在造成影响，应使用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。故选A。 6．China’s economy _________ rapidly over the past few years. A．was developing B．developed C．has developed D．develops 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，中国的经济迅速发展。 考查现在完成时。根据“over the past few years”可知句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+done”，此处应用has developed。故选C。 7．The old man ________ for more than 2 years. People still express their admiration for him online. A．dies B．died C．had died D．has been dead 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世两年多了。人们仍在网上表达对他的敬佩。 考查现在完成时的用法。dies一般现在时的三单形式；died一般过去时；had died过去完成时；has been dead现在完成时。根据时间状语“for more than 2 years”可知，句子强调从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且“die”为短暂性动词，不能直接与时间段连用，需转换为延续性状态“has been dead”。故选D。 8．—What’s up, Lily? —The school art competition is coming, but I ________ an idea for my painting yet. A．won’t get B．don’t get C．haven’t got D．am not getting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——莉莉，怎么了？——学校的美术比赛就要来了，但我还没有想出我画画的灵感。 考查动词时态辨析。won’t get为一般将来时；don’t get为一般现在时；haven’t got为现在完成时；am not getting为现在进行时。根据“...an idea for my painting yet”可知，这里表示“到现在还没想到主意”，强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 9．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, twice. It’s amazing. A．Have; been B．Have; gone C．Did; go D．Do; go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——去过，两次了。太壮观了。 考查动词时态及短语辨析。have been to表示“曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里”，现在完成时；have gone to表示“已经去了某地，此刻人不在这里”，现在完成时；Did...go一般过去时；Do...go一般现在时。根据“ever”及答句“Yes, twice. It’s amazing.”可知，需用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且说话者已从长城返回，因此用have been to。故选A。 10．I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我借这本书已经两周了，今天必须把它还给图书馆。   考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语“for two weeks”和语境“必须今天归还”，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需用延续性动词keep表示持续持有。故选C。 二、句型转换 1．He left Chongqing three days ago. (改为同义句) He away from Chongqing for three days. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：他三天前离开了重庆。“be away”表示“离开”的状态，表达动作的延续性，与“for three days”搭配，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，主语是“He”，助动词填has。故填has；been。 2．Robert borrowed these classic novels three weeks ago. (改为同义句) Robert these classic novels for three weeks. 【答案】 has kept 【详解】句意：罗伯特借这些经典小说已经三周了。根据“for three weeks”可知改写后句子用现在完成时，与时间段连用，谓语用延续性动词，borrow对应延续性动词keep，主语“Robert”后接助动词has，keep的过去分词形式kept。故填has；kept。 3．His father has been dead for five years. (改为同义句) His father has been dead five years . 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：他的父亲已经去世五年了。题干中“for + 一段时间”表示动作持续的时长，可与“since + 一段时间 + ago”进行同义转换，since five years ago表示“自从五年前以来”，能体现出从过去某一时间点（五年前）到现在的持续状态。故填since；ago。 4．Peter bought this bike 3 years ago. （同义句转换） Peter this bike for 3 years. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：Peter3年前买了这辆自行车。根据“for 3 years”可知，此句时态是现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，和一段时间连用，谓语动词需要用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词为have“有”。主语是Peter，助动词用has。故填has；had。 5．He went to Hamburg in 1996 and he still lives there now.（保持句意基本不变） He lived in Hamburg 1996. 【答案】 has since 【详解】句意：他1996年去了汉堡，现在仍住在那里。换句话说就是“他自1996年以来一直住在汉堡。”此句应用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has；since“自从”。故填has；since。 三、完成句子 1．我们买这个房子已有5年了。 We the house for 5 years. 【答案】 have had 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“买”，用动词buy。根据“for 5 years”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，且动词要用延续性动词。buy为瞬间性动词，要替换成其对应的延续性动词have，过去分词为had；主语为“We”，助动词用have。故填have；had。 2．音乐会已经开始10分钟了。 The concert has for 10 minutes. 【答案】 been on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“开始”，根据“for 10 minutes”可知此处用现在完成时，且谓语动词用延续性动词，此处用be on表示“上映，在进行”，has后接be的过去分词形式been。故填been；on。 3．布莱恩，你已经完成英语作业了吗? your English homework yet, Brian? 【答案】 Have you finished 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“你已经完成…… 了吗”；根据英文题干及汉语提示可知，此处是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他”，主语是you，助动词用have，位于句首首字母大写；“完成”用finish表示，其过去分词是finished，即为“Have you finished”。故填Have；you；finished。 4．他们已经结婚五年了。 They for five years. 【答案】 have been married 【详解】根据“for five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，且用持续性动词be married表示婚姻持续状态，主语为They，助动词用have，be动词的过去分词为been。故填have；been；married。 5．这些天我没有收到他的来信。 I haven’t him these days. 【答案】 heard from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“收到……的来信”，英文表达为“hear from sb.”，句子时态为现在完成时，“hear”的过去分词为“heard”。故填heard；from。 被动语态 一、语法概述 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。其基本结构是 be+及物动词的过去分词 。 二、被动语态的构成 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 I am invited to her party. 我被邀请去参加她的聚会。 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The bridge was built in 1980. 这座桥建于1980年。 一般将来时 will be+过去分词 The trees will be planted tomorrow. 明天将种这些树。 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 My bike has been repaired. 我的自行车已经被修好了。 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词 The plan is being discussed. 这个计划正在讨论中。 【拓展延伸】含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”。 ►Lights must be turned off when we leave the classroom. 我们离开教室的时候必须关灯。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 将主动句变为被动句时，有如下步骤： 1.确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语； 2.把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语，若主动句里的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格； 3.把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”，但时态不改变； 4.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。主动语态 I clean my room. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 My room is cleaned by me. 主语 谓语 by+宾语 【特别提醒】在含有使役动词（如：make）或感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。 Eg.I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. → He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop. 我看到他穿过马路进了商店。 四、适合用被动语态的情况 1.当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时，用被动语态。 Eg.The flowers are watered every morning. 这些花每天早上（被人）浇水。 2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略“by+动作的执行者”。 Eg.The new teacher is liked by all the students. 这名新老师被所有学生喜爱。 3.表示“据说/据报道/人们相信等”，常用“It is+过去分词（said/reported/believed等）+that从句”句型。 Eg.It is reported that a rainstorm is coming. 据报道，一场暴风雨就要来了。 五、不能用被动语态的情况 1.系动词get、turn、seem、look、sound等后接形容词作表语时，不能用被动语态。 2.There be句型不使用被动语态。 3.主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。 4.不及物动词或词组没有被动结构，如take place（发生）、happen（发生）、come about（发生）、break out（爆发）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、last（持续）等。 5.write、wash、sell和副词well、easily等连用，且主语是物时，通常用主动形式表示被动含义。 Eg.This kind of bike sells well. 这种自行车卖得很好。 一、单项选择 1．—When shall we go to watch Yunnan Yukun Football Club’s match? —If the work ________ on time, then we will go tomorrow. A．will finish B．has finished C．is finished D．will be finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看云南玉昆足球俱乐部的比赛？——如果工作按时完成，那么我们明天就去。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If the work...on time, then we will go tomorrow.”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，排除A和D；又因为主语“the work”和谓语动词“finish”之间是被动关系，表示“工作被完成”，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语“the work”为第三人称单数，be动词用is，finish的过去分词是finished。故选C。 2．Our classroom ________ every day. It is very clean. A．clean B．cleans C．is cleaned D．be cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的教室每天都被打扫干净。教室非常干净。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“Our classroom”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态；根据“every day”可知，句子用一般现在时。故选C。 3．—I ________ to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. —Congratulations! A．told B．am told C．was told D．has told 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天早上我被告知要去澳大利亚做交换生。——恭喜！ 考查动词的时态和语态。told告诉（一般过去时）；am told被告知（一般现在时的被动语态）；was told被告知（一般过去时的被动语态）；has told已经告诉（现在完成时）。根据“I…to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning.”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语I是动作的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态was told。故选C。 4．—The flowers on both sides make the street beautiful. —Yes. They ________ last week. A．planted B．will plant C．were planted D．will be planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 街道两边的花让这条街变得美丽。—— 是的。它们是上周被种植的。 考查被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知动作发生在过去，且“flowers”与“plant”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 5．—Do you know a factory ________ here next year? —Yes. It’s the biggest one. A．will build B．builds C．is built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道明年这里将建一个工厂吗？——是的。它是最大的一个。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next year”可知，从句应用一般将来时，从句主语a factory与动词build存在被动关系，因此从句应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be built。故选D。 6．Don’t worry. The problem will _________ soon. A．solves B．solving C．solved D．be solved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：别担心。这个问题很快就会解决。 考查被动语态。主语“The promblem”与动词solve之间是动宾关系，结合will可知用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为will be done。故选D。 7．My mother told me that my homework must ________. A．finish B．be finish C．be finished D．finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的妈妈告诉我我的作业必须被完成。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据主语“my homework”和谓语动词“finish”可知二者为被动关系，而must为情态动词，含有情态动词的被动语态的谓语结构为“情态动词+be+done”，故选C。 8．Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：抱歉，您的车不能停放在酒店门前。 考查被动语态。主语your car是被停放的对象，所以此处需用被动语态，C选项正确。故选C。 9．The books written by Lucy ________ at a low price, so they ________ well. A．sell; sell B．are sold; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; are sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Lucy写的书以低价销售，所以它们卖得好。 考查动词的主动和被动形式。根据“The books ... at a low price”可知，是指书被低价销售，用被动语态are sold；根据“well”可知，是指卖得好，用固定短语sell well，为主动语态表被动意义。故选C。 10．—The World War II ________ in1939 and ended in 1945. People lived a hard life. —Yes. My grandfather was in ________at that time. A．broke out; twenties B．was broken out; his twenties C．broke out; his twenties D．was broken out; the twenties 【答案】C 【详解】句意： ——第二次世界大战于1939年爆发并在1945年结束。人们过着艰难的生活。——是的，我祖父那时二十几岁。 考查主动语态和年龄段表达。broke out表示“爆发”，不用被动语态，排除BD；表示“在某人的几十岁年龄”，常用“in+one’s+整十数的复数形式”，此处是his twenties。故选C。 二、句型转换 1．The boss makes his clerks work for more than 14 hours a day.  (改成被动语态) The clerks for more than 14 hours a day. 【答案】 are made to work 【详解】句意：老板让他的职员每天工作超过14个小时。原句时态为一般现在时，改为被动语态时，结构为“主语+ be + 过去分词”。主语The clerks是复数，故be动词用are；make的过去分词是made。在主动语态中，make sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to，即sb. is/are made to do sth.，故填are；made；to；work。 2．Their parents don’t allow them to go out at night. (改为被动语态) They to go out by their parents at night. 【答案】 aren’t allowed 【详解】句意：他们的父母不允许他们晚上出去。根据原句可知，变为被动语态时表示“他们不被他们的父母允许在晚上出去”；被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”，原句为一般现在时，被动语态也用一般现在时，They作主语，be动词用are，原句为否定句，应用aren’t;；动词allow的过去分词为allowed。故填aren’t；allowed。 3．Mike broke the glass when he was washing the dishes. (改为被动语态) The glass by Mike when he was washing the dishes. 【答案】 was broken 【详解】句意：迈克洗碗时打碎了玻璃杯。主动语态变被动语态时，要将原句的宾语“the glass”变为主语，谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”结构，原句时态是一般过去时，主语“the glass”是单数，所以be动词用“was”，“break”的过去分词是“broken”。故填was；broken。 4．We will finish the work soon. (改为被动语态) The work by us soon. 【答案】 will be finished 【详解】句意：我们很快就会完成这项工作。原句为主动语态，谓语动词是will finish，表示“将会完成”。改为被动语态时，需将原句的宾语the work作为主语，谓语动词改为“will+be+过去分词”的形式，以表示将来时态的被动语态。finish的过去分词为finished，表示“被完成”，其他部分（by us soon）保持不变，其中soon表示时间状语“很快”。故填will；be；finished。 5．We should keep the hand-made chocolate in a low temperature. （改为被动语态） The hand-made chocolate should in a low temperature. 【答案】 be kept 【详解】句意：我们应将手工巧克力保存在低温环境中。根据“should”可知，这里是含有情态动词的被动语态，结构是：should be done。故填be；kept。 三、完成句子 1．广州每年都举办马拉松比赛。 The Marathon in Guangzhou every year. 【答案】 is held 【详解】hold“举办”，主语The Marathon与held之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态be done，根据“every year”可知，时态是一般现在时，be用is。故填is；held。 2．他们昨天被邀请去分享他们的想法。 They to share their ideas yesterday. 【答案】 were invited 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，此处缺少“被邀请”。 invite“邀请”，是谓语动词，由中文可知句子的时态为一般过去时，语态为被动语态，所以谓语结构为“was/were+done”，而主语they为复数，be动词应用were，故填were；invited。 3．一个月后，我们学校将举办校园英语节。 The school English Festival in our school in a month. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“将举办”的英文内容。句中“in a month”表明，句子时态是一般将来时态，句子的主语“The school English Festival”和谓语动词“举办”之间是被动关系，即“校园英语节被举办”，所以要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will be+过去分词”。“举办”英文表达为“hold”，其过去分词是“held”。故填will；be；held。 4．在公园里游客应被阻止踩踏草地。 Visitors should on the grass in the park. 【答案】 be prevented from walking/stepping 【详解】对照中英文可知，空处表示“被阻止踩踏”，be prevented from doing sth“被阻止做某事”，should后跟动词原形；“踩踏草地”walk/step on the grass。故填be；prevented；from；walking/stepping。 5．这辆自行车坏了，需要被修理。 This bike is broken and it needs . 【答案】repairing/to be repaired/mending/to be mended/fixing/to be fixed 【详解】结合中英文，所缺表达为repair/mend/fix“修理”，此处it与“修理”之间存在被动关系，当need表示“需要做某事”的时候，后边可以用doing表被动含义，need to be done=need doing。故填repairing/to be repaired/mending/to be mended/fixing/to be fixed。 情态动词 一、语法概述 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。初中阶段常用的情态动词有can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to、would、need等。 二、情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 ►—Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 ►I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 ►She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 ►I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 ►—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不，不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，may not/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 ►The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 ►It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. ►—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 ►We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 ►You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 ►You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 ►They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂； would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂； would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 ►Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ ►Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ ►I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. ►—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不，他不需要。 have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。 一、单项选择 1．—Look! Linda is over there. —It ________ be her. She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！琳达在那边。——不可能是她。她去上海参加英语演讲比赛了。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must一定；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can可以。根据“She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition.”可知琳达已去上海，故此处表示否定推测，用can’t。故选C。 2．— It’s dangerous to walk across the street carelessly. — You’re right. We ________ not be too careful while crossing the street. A．can B．may C．must D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——不加小心地走过马路是危险的。——你说得对。我们过马路时再小心也不为过。 考查情态动词辨析。can能；may可以；must必须；should应该。根据“It’s dangerous to walk across the street carelessly”和“You’ re right”可知，cannot be too+形容词“无论怎样都不为过”符合语境，故选A。 3．—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. A．may not B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Lily，Daniel的班级旅行计划进展如何？——我不确定。它可能还没被完成。我今天早上看到他在做。 考查情态动词。may not可能不，表示不确定的推测；shouldn’t不应该，通常用于建议或义务；can’t不可能，用于否定推测；mustn’t禁止。根据“I’m not sure...I saw him working on it this morning.”可知，说话者应是不确定计划是否完成，且看到Daniel早上还在做，因此用“may not”表示推测。故选A。 4．—________ I borrow your English dictionary? I left mine at home. —Sure, here you are. You can keep it for two days. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的英语字典吗？我把我的落在家里了。——当然，给你。你可以保存两天。 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须；Should应该；May可以；Need需要。根据语境可知，此处是在询问是否可以借对方的英语字典，表示请求允许，所以应该用May。故选C。 5．—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it? —It ________ be Mary. Only she can do it in our class. A．can B．must C．need D．might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——剪纸很生动。谁做的？——一定是玛丽。在我们班只有她能做到。 考查情态动词。can能够；must一定；need需要；might也许。根据“Only she can do it in our class.”可知，确定是玛丽。故选B。 6．—________ we hand in the paper tomorrow? —No, we ________. We can give it to Mr. Li before the weekend. A．Must; needn’t B．Must; mustn’t C．Need; shouldn’t D．Need; can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们明天必须交论文吗？——不，我们不需要。我们可以在周末前把它交给李先生。 考查情态动词。must必须；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；need需要；shouldn’t不应该；can’t不能。根据“we hand in the paper tomorrow”以及“We can give it to Mr. Li before the weekend”可知此处询问明天是不是必须交论文，故第一个空用must，其否定回答用needn’t。故选A。 7．—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——请你把菜递给我好吗？——当然可以，没问题。 考查情态动词。Must必须；Should应该；May可以，表示许可和允许；Would可以，表示礼貌和请求。根据“you please pass the dish to me”可知此处在表示礼貌和请求，用would。故选D。 8．People ________ only think for themselves. Sharing and caring make the world better. A．must B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．might 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人们不应该只为自己考虑。分享和关爱让世界更美好。 考查情态动词。must必须，一定；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该；might也许，可能。根据“Sharing and caring make the world better.”可知，分享和关爱让世界变得更美好，所以人们不应该只为自己考虑。故选C。 9．—How is the weather today? —It’s hot. You ________ wear the coat. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．must D．can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——今天天气怎么样？——很热。你不必穿外套。 考查情态动词用法。needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该；must必须；can’t不能。根据“It’s hot”可知，天气炎热，穿外套是多余的，不需要穿外套，用needn’t。故选A。 10．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你不必每次去图书馆都带学生证，但记得带上借书证。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；mustn’t禁止；have to不得不；don’t have to不必。根据“You…bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card.”可知，此处指不必每次去图书馆都带学生证。故选D。 二、句型转换 1．The hair band must be Mary’s.(改为否定句) The hair band Mary’s. 【答案】 can’t be 【详解】句意：这个发带一定是玛丽的。“must be”表示肯定推测，意为 “一定是”，其否定形式用“can’t be”，表示“不可能是”，用于否定推测。故填can’t；be。 2．The tall man must be Jim’s uncle. (完成反意疑问句) The tall man must be Jim’s uncle, ? 【答案】 isn’t he　 【详解】句意：那个高个子一定是吉姆的叔叔。在陈述句中，若must表示推测时，反意疑问句要根据must后的动词采用相应的形式。must后为be，且主语为the tall man，故填isn't he。 3．Could you please take photos here? (改为否定句) Could you please photos here? 【答案】 not take 【详解】句意：请问你能在这里拍照吗？原句结构是“Could you please do sth”，表示“请你做某事好吗？”其否定形式是“Could you please not do sth”，表示“请你别做某事好吗？”情态动词后面都是接动词原形，take保持不变。故填not；take。 4．Mary has to hand in the report before the weekend.（改为一般疑问句） Mary to hand in the report before the weekend? 【答案】 Does have 【详解】句意：玛丽必须在周末之前交报告。原句是陈述句，时态是一般现在时，主语“Mary”是第三人称单数形式，一般疑问句应用助动词does来提问，has恢复原形have。故填Does；have。 5．All of them are able to speak French.（改为否定句） of them speak French. 【答案】 None can 【详解】句意：他们所有人都会讲法语。改为否定句时，all的否定形式为none，表示“没有人”，句首单词首字母应大写；be able to的同义词是can。故填None；can。 三、完成句子 1．这个篮球不可能是玛丽的。她从不打篮球。 This basketball Mary’s. She never plays basketball. 【答案】 can’t be 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“不可能是”。根据“She never plays basketball.”可知，此处表示否定的推测，且可能性很大，用can’t。“是”用be动词，位于can’t后，用动词原形be。故填can’t；be。 2．玛丽现在可能正在家里看电视。 Mary TV at home now. 【答案】 could/may/might be watching 【详解】可能：could/may/might，情态动词后加动词原形；此处推测正在做的事情，故用进行时态be doing；看电视：watch TV。故填could/may/might；be；watching。 3．一定有东西在拜访我们附近的住户。 There things the homes in our neighborhood. 【答案】 must be visiting 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是表示对正在发生事情的肯定推测，应用must be doing结构。visit“拜访”，动词。故填must；be；visiting。 4．今天下午你没必要来了。 You come this afternoon. 【答案】 don’t need to 【详解】 “有必要做某事” 常用 “need to do sth” 结构 。“没必要” 对应 “don’t need to” ，其中 “don’t” 是助动词否定形式，用于一般现在时，主语是 “you”。故填don’t；need；to。 5．因为洪水，我们不得不取消运动会。 We cancel the sports meeting because of the flood. 【答案】 had to 【详解】“不得不”对应的英文为have to，此处为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填had；to。 一、完形填空 John Muir was a protector of nature. He set an example that each of us can follow to protect the natural areas 1 us. The first way we can follow Muir’s example is to discover our local natural areas. Muir was a great 2 . He once walked one thousand miles from Indiana to Florida. Another way to follow Muir is to 3 nature. Muir loved to explore(探索) the outdoors. He learned 4 he could about rocks, plants, and animals. From 5 exploring, he came to realize that the wilderness, places where people do not live or build, is an important gift. Muir made a 6 that his life’s goal was to protect this gift. Muir’s greatest example for us is his work to protect nature. He 7 its beauty by writing books. He climbed Yosemite’s peaks(山峰) and 8 them as “clothes in light”. In 9 , he enjoyed its “pearl-gray belt of snow(珠灰色雪带)” . However, he also saw 10 eating Yosemite’s plants and people cutting down its trees for wood. Muir gave talks 11 wrote books about these dangers. President Theodore Roosevelt was 12 impressed(给……留下深刻印象) after hearing that Muir visited Yosemite that he signed a law making Yosemite a 13 park in 1890. This meant that the US 14 would take care of it. We can find our own pieces of nature to explore, learn about and protect. We can write to our local newspapers about nature’s beauty and tell people 15 to help care for it. We can all follow John Muir’s footsteps. 1．A．towards B．above C．around D．through 2．A．traveler B．doctor C．writer D．farmer 3．A．bring about B．care about C．think about D．learn about 4．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 5．A．her B．his C．your D．its 6．A．question B．decision C．chance D．mistake 7．A．covered B．connected C．shared D．discussed 8．A．communicated B．described C．guided D．discovered 9．A．winter B．autumn C．summer D．spring 10．A．sheep B．tigers C．lions D．pandas 11．A．or B．but C．and D．so 12．A．very B．quite C．so D．such 13．A．modern B．national C．traditional D．clean 14．A．engineers B．villagers C．volunteers D．government 15．A．when B．which C．what D．how 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．D 【解析】本文讲了约翰·缪尔是一个自然保护者，他是我们学习的榜样，文章列举了几个我们应该向他学习的方面。 1．句意：他树立了一个榜样，我们每个人都可以效仿来保护我们周围的自然区域。 towards朝，向；above在……上面；around周围，四周；through穿过。根据“the natural areas…us”可知，是在我们周围的自然区域。故选C。 2．句意：缪尔是一位伟大的旅行家。 traveler旅行者；doctor医生；writer作家；farmer农民。根据“He once walked one thousand miles from Indiana to Florida.”可知，他曾从印第安纳州步行一千英里到达佛罗里达州，说明他是一位伟大的旅行者。故选A。 3．句意：另一种追随缪尔的方式是了解自然。 bring about引起；care about关心；think about考虑；learn about了解，学习。根据“Muir loved to explore(探索) the outdoors. He learned…”可知，此处是了解、学习大自然。故选D。 4．句意：他尽他所能学习有关岩石、植物和动物的一切知识。 something某事，某物；anything任何事情；nothing没有什么；everything一切，所有事情。根据“he could about rocks, plants, and animals”可知，尽最大可能学习一切相关的知识。故选D。 5．句意：从他的探索中，他意识到荒野、没有人居住或建造的地方，是一份重要的礼物。 her她的；his他的；your你的；its它的。根据“he came to realize”可知，主语是he，所以使用对应的形容词性物主代词his。故选B。 6．句意：缪尔决定他的人生目标就是保护这份礼物。 question问题；decision    决定；chance机会；mistake错误。根据“he came to realize that the wilderness, places where people do not live or build, is an important gift”可知，他意识到荒野、没有人居住或建造的地方，是一份重要的礼物，所以他决定保护这份礼物，make a decision“做决定”。故选B。 7．句意：他通过写书来分享它的美丽。 covered覆盖；connected连接；shared分享；discussed讨论。根据“Muir’s greatest example for us is his work to protect nature.”和“its beauty by writing books”可知，他以写书的方式，分享大自然的美，给我们树立了保护大自然的榜样。故选C。 8．句意：他爬上约塞米蒂国家公园的山峰，把它们描述成“光中的衣服”。 communicated交流；described描述；guided指导；discovered发现。根据“them as ‘clothes in light’”可知，此处是对它们的描述。故选B。 9．句意：在冬天，他喜欢它的“珠灰色的雪带”。 winter冬天；autumn秋天；summer夏天；spring春天。根据“pearl-gray belt of snow”可知，是在冬天欣赏雪带。故选A。 10．句意：然而，他也看到羊吃约塞米蒂的植物，人们砍伐它的树木做木材。 sheep羊；tigers老虎；lions狮子；pandas熊猫。根据“eating Yosemite’s plants”并结合常识可知，老虎和狮子是食肉动物，不符合语境，故排除B和C；熊猫是中国特有的物种，不会出现在约塞米蒂，所以排除D。故选A。 11．句意：穆尔就这些危险做过演讲并写过书。 or或者；but但是；and并且；so所以。根据“He shared its beauty by writing books.”可知，它不仅做过演讲，而且写过书，此处是并列关系。故选C。 12．句意：西奥多·罗斯福总统在听说缪尔参观约塞米蒂后印象深刻，于1890年签署了一项法律，将约塞米蒂定为国家公园。 very非常；quite十分；so如此；such这样。根据“…that he signed a law making…”和形容词“impressed”可知，此处使用so，so…that…引导结果状语从句。故选C。 13．句意：西奥多·罗斯福总统在听说缪尔参观约塞米蒂后印象深刻，于1890年签署了一项法律，将约塞米蒂定为国家公园。 modern现代的；national国家的；traditional传统的；clean干净的。根据“he signed a law making Yosemite”可知，总统签署了法律，将其定为国家公园。故选B。 14．句意：这意味着美国政府将负责这个公园。 engineers工程师；villagers村民；volunteers志愿者；government政府。根据“he signed a law making Yosemite a national park in 1890”可知，约塞米蒂成为了国家公园，所以由美国政府负责这个公园。故选D。 15．句意：我们可以给当地的报纸写信，介绍大自然的美，告诉人们如何帮助保护大自然。 when何时；which哪一个；what什么；how如何，怎样。根据“to help care for it”和“We can all follow John Muir’s footsteps.”可知，此处是“告诉人们如何保护大自然”。故选D。 二、任务型阅读 Long time ago, the Earth mother offered us rich energy. But because of the development of the world industrial economy, the fast increase of population, and the unlimited human desire, our living environment is becoming worse and worse. Nowadays people have realized the problems. A new lifestyle called low carbon is spreading every corner of our country. The concepts of low carbon are low energy and no waste. It is necessary for everybody to live a low-carbon life. To live a low-carbon life, we’d better save as much energy as we can. For example, turn off the lights and TV when you don’t use them, use cold water to wash clothes or dishes, use the solar water heater instead of the electrical one. To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat. Being a vegetarian can help reduce one and a half ton of carbon dioxide a year, but keeping animals for food produces even more carbon dioxide than all the cars do in the world. To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping when we go shopping, we may drive a car or take a bus. On one hand, these transportation pollute the air. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things because of some advertisements. There are many other ways to live a low-carbon life, such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks. If we can keep it a habit in our daily life, the earth will become a safer planet for us to live on. 16．What does low carbon mean? . 17．How many kinds of way to live a low-carbon life are mentioned in the passage? . 18．What should we eat more to reduce carbon dioxide? . 19．Why should we do less shopping? . 20．How do you like a low carbon dioxide life? (请自拟一句话作答) . 【答案】16．Low energy and no waste 17．6 18．Vegetables 19．Because it can help us reduce air pollution and buy fewer useless things 20．To make the earth a safer planet for us to live on, it is necessary to live a low-carbon life 【解析】本文介绍了低碳的生活方式：节约能源、少吃肉、少购物、回收物品、植树和重复使用教科书等。如果我们在日常生活中养成低碳的生活习惯，我们赖以生存的地球将更安全。 16．根据第二段“The concepts of low carbon are low energy and no waste.”可知，低碳的概念是低能耗和无浪费。故填Low energy and no waste。 17．根据第三段“To live a low-carbon life, we’d better save as much energy as we can”；第四段“To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat.”；第五段“To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping when we go shopping,”；第六段“such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks.”可知，过低碳生活的方式：节约能源、少吃肉、少购物、回收物品、植树和重复使用教科书等六种。故填6。 18．根据第四段“Being a vegetarian can help reduce one and a half ton of carbon dioxide a year,”素食者每年可以减少1.5吨二氧化碳；可知，要多吃蔬菜少吃肉。故填Vegetables。 19．根据第五段“On one hand, these transportation pollute the air. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things because of some advertisements”可知，购物可以帮助我们减少空气污染，减少购买无用的东西。故填Because it can help us reduce air pollution and buy fewer useless things。 20．开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为To make the earth a safer planet for us to live on, it is necessary to live a low-carbon life。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文。在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore? Have you ever thought about how these things can 21 (actual) be put to good use? Nothing is a waste 22 you have a creative mind. Amy Hayes is an 23 (usual) woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built 24 (she) out of rubbish. The windows and doors come 25 old buildings that were pulled down around her town. The top of the house is 26 old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is 27 (make) of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy isn’t the only one 28 is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong, China uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few 29 (year). She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and 30 (use). Let’s learn from them, learn to recycle and reuse, and not waste resources around us. 【答案】 21．actually 22．if 23．unusual 24．herself 25．from 26．an 27．made 28．who/that 29．years 30．useful 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Amy Hayes和Jessica Wong如何废物利用的故事。 21．句意：你是否曾想过这些东西实际上还能很好地利用？此处句子成分完整，修饰动词用副词actually。故填actually。 22．句意：如果你有一个创造性的头脑，没有什么是浪费。根据“Nothing is a waste...you have a creative mind.”可知，题空前后两个句子是条件关系，因此填连词if。故填if。 23．句意：Amy Hayes是一个不寻常的女人。由下句“ She lives in a house in the UK...out of rubbish.”可知，她的房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成的，说明她是位不同寻常的女性，故填usual的反义词unusual。故填unusual。 24．句意：她住在英国的一所房子里，那是她自己用垃圾建造的。根据“she built...(she) out of rubbish.”可知，此处用her的反身代词，表示“她自己”。故填herself。 25．句意：窗户和门来自她所在城镇周围被拆除的旧建筑。根据“The windows and doors come...old buildings”可知，此处是固定词组，come from意为“来自”。故填from。 26．句意：房子的顶部是一条翻过来的旧船。根据“The top of the house is...old boat turned upside down.”可知，泛指一条翻过来的旧船，old是元音音素开头的单词，因此填an。故填an。 27．句意：她家门前的大门是用石头和旧玻璃瓶做成的。此处是固定词组，be made of意为“由……制成”。故填made。 28．句意：Amy不是唯一一个擅长回收利用的人。此句是一个定语从句，先行词是the only one，指人，故填who/that。 29．句意：她这样做已经有几年了。根据“a few ”可知，此处填名词复数。故填years。 30．句意：她的包都很可爱且实用。空格处所填词作句子表语，故填use的形容词形式useful。故填useful。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $