专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 1．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 2．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of mental health. 3．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。 1．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day.(每天使用智能手机超过4小时的青少年比每天使用智能手机不到4小时的青少年有更高的压力、自杀念头和药物使用率。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”，划线词adverse的意思是“不利的，有害的”，和negative意思相近，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all.(然而，每天使用智能手机1-2小时的青少年遇到的问题比根本不使用智能手机的青少年少。)”可知，从这项新研究的结果可以推断出适量使用智能手机是有益的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.(为了加深对青少年使用智能手机与健康之间关系的理解，Moon、Cha和同事分析了2017年和2020年超过5万名青少年参与者的数据。)”可知，研究人员通过收集参与者的数据来进行这项研究的，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use.(在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率，因此最好的题目是D选项“Overuse of smartphones linked to men tal health risks in teenagers.(青少年过度使用智能手机与心理健康风险有关)”，故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·期末） Scientists have developed a flying dragon, called the Dragon Firefighter, that will be able to fight fire by shooting water out of its mouth. The Dragon, invented by Japanese researchers, is expected to join firefighter teams to put out fires that are too large and dangerous for humans to fight. “We here present a prototype (原型) of a four-meter-long, remotely controllable flying firehose (消防水带) robot, designed to safely and quickly put out fires in buildings by directly getting close to the fire sources,” said Dr Yuichi Ambe, from Osaka University. Researchers also worked closely with Japanese firefighters to understand the type of help they may need when fighting bigger fires. This is not the first time the robot has shown its potential to the world, however. The Dragon Firefighter was introduced at the World Robot Summit in 2021, where it managed to put out a fire around 4 meters away. “Since the show at the World Robot Summit, we have continued to work on improving our Dragon and have learned many new things,” said Dr Yu Yamauchi, from Akia Prefectural University. “For example, we found that the original passive dampening mechanism (洒水机制) had its problem: it took too long to prepare for flight. We also found that heat from fires can greatly influence the outdoor applications of the corrugated tube (波纹管) that holds the water hose and electric cables (电缆).” Since its first show, improvements have been made to improve the mouth it uses to shoot out water. Despite this, it could be a long time before you see the Dragon Firefighter out in the real world. “We believe that it will take about 10 more years to offer our robot in real-world firefighting situations,” said Ambe. “The primary challenge will be to increase its reach to beyond 10 meters. Developing useful firefighting methods for this robot’s unique potential will be a key part of further development.” 5．Why is the Dragon Firefighter designed? A．To help firefighters put out big fires. B．To find out the causes of fire. C．To direct firefighters in the future. D．To check the progress of fire. 6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the World Robot Summit in 2021? A．To stress the wide interest in the Dragon. B．To introduce the Dragon’s second show. C．To prove the Dragon’s potential. D．To show the Dragon’s improvement. 7．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the Dragon Firefighter? A．Its wide applications. B．Its original problems. C．Its working conditions. D．Its recent developments. 8．What does Ambe think of the Dragon Firefighter? A．It is far from useful in the real world. B．It should be tested in the show. C．It has solved the primary challenge. D．It needs time before application. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新型消防机器人“飞龙”的相关信息。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Dragon, invented by Japanese researchers, is expected to join firefighter teams to put out fires that are too large and dangerous for humans to fight.”（日本研究人员发明的“龙”有望加入消防员队伍，扑灭人类无法扑灭的大而危险的火灾。）可知，日本研究人员发明的Dragon Firefighter旨在扑灭人类无法处理的重大火灾。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“This is not the first time the robot has shown its potential to the world, however. The Dragon Firefighter was introduced at the World Robot Summit in 2021, where it managed to put out a fire around 4 meters away. ”（然而，这并不是机器人第一次向世界展示它的潜力。Dragon Firefighter 在2021年世界机器人峰会上亮相，成功扑灭了4米外的大火）可知，Dragon扑灭了4米外的大火。由此推知，提到2021世界机器人峰会是为了表明Dragon的潜力。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段““For example, we found that the original passive dampening mechanism bad its problem: it took too long to prepare for flight We also found that heat from fires can greatly influence the outdoor applications of the corrugated tube that holds the water hose and electric cables . ””（“例如，我们发现原来的被动阻尼机制存在问题：准备飞行需要太长时间。我们还发现，火灾产生的热量会极大地影响波纹管的户外应用，波纹管是用来装水管和电缆的。”）可知，该段提到Dragon Firefighter所存在的问题。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We believe that it will take about 10 more years to offer our robot in real-world firefighting situations, ”said Ambe.”（Amber说:“我们相信，还需要大约10年的时间，我们的机器人才能在现实世界的消防环境中发挥作用。”）可知，Amber认为在这个机器人能正式运用在现实世界前还需要一定的时间改进。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末） A community canteen at the Zhanongkou Community in Shangcheng, Hangzhou recently launched “happiness blind boxes”, which cost just 6 yuan per box. Sales start at 7 p. m. each evening. The dishes are packaged in transparent (透明的) containers, but to maintain an element of surprise, stickers are placed over the lid (盖子) of the “main dish” section of each box. The “blind boxes” have become popular since being introduced, and on some nights they sell out by about 8 p. m. A meal assistance program introduced in Zhanongkou subdistrict ensures the elderly can access meals within a 10-minute walk of their homes or have them delivered within five minutes. The service has also been welcomed by younger people living and working in the area. Yan Xuyang, a professor at Beijing Union University’s Tourism College, predicts that by 2035, those born from the 1970s to the 2000s will comprise the main group of customers for such canteens. “This generation has a reasonable level of disposable (可自由支配的) income, and many of its members may also lack the willingness to prepare meals for themselves,” Yan said. The successful operation of community canteens depends on their ability to integrate into the daily lives and culture of local residents. In addition to serving dishes to suit local tastes and fostering a welcoming environment for diners, it is important to widen the functions of these canteens. They have been used for cultural activities and other events, which helps raise awareness and foster a positive perspective on these canteens among local communities. In the latter part of last year, the Weikang community canteen in Ziyang subdistrict, Hangzhou, experienced a significant transformation from being a canteen for seniors to catering for the whole community. Its services have been broadened beyond regular operations to include services for hospitals and businesses, complete with home delivery options. Some other community canteens have also made efforts to appeal to more residents. 9．What can we know about the “happiness blind boxes” from the passage? A．They are sold out every night before 8 p. m. B．They are beautifully decorated with stickers. C．They offer a sense of mystery with the unknown main dishes. D．They are only offered to the residents in the Zhanongkou Community. 10．What’s Yan Xuyang’s attitude towards the future of the community canteen? A．Promising. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Objective. 11．What might contribute most to the success of community canteens? A．Reasonable prices. B．Fast delivery service. C．Various functions. D．Unexpected surprises. 12．Why is the Weikang community canteen mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the popularity of community canteens. B．To emphasize the importance of community canteens. C．To discuss the wide functions of community canteens. D．To show the innovative reform of community canteens. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社区食堂的特色、前景和成功的关键等。 9．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The dishes are packaged in transparent containers, but to maintain an element of surprise, stickers are placed over the lid of the “main dish” section of each box. The “blind boxes” have become popular since being introduced, and on some nights they sell out by about 8 p. m. (这些菜肴被包装在透明的容器中，但为了保持惊喜的元素，每个盒子的“主菜”部分的盖子上都贴上了贴纸。“盲盒”自推出以来就很受欢迎，有些晚上8点左右就卖光了)”可知，“幸福盲盒”用未知的主菜提供了一种神秘感。故选C。 10．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Yan Xuyang, a professor at Beijing Union University’s Tourism College, predicts that by 2035, those born from the 1970s to the 2000s will comprise the main group of customers for such canteens. “This generation has a reasonable level of disposable income, and many of its members may also lack the willingness to prepare meals for themselves,” Yan said. (北京联合大学旅游学院教授严旭阳预测，到2035年，70后到00后将成为此类食堂的主要消费群体。他说：“这一代人的可支配收入水平还算合理，但他们中的许多人可能也缺乏自己做饭的意愿。”)”可知，严旭阳认为社区食堂的未来是有希望的、有前途的。故选A。 11．推理判断题。由文章第五段“The successful operation of community canteens depends on their ability to integrate into the daily lives and culture of local residents. In addition to serving dishes to suit local tastes and fostering a welcoming environment for diners, it is important to widen the functions of these canteens. They have been used for cultural activities and other events, which helps raise awareness and foster a positive perspective on these canteens among local communities. (社区食堂的成功运营取决于其融入当地居民日常生活和文化的能力。除了提供适合当地口味的菜肴和为食客营造一个温馨的环境外，扩大这些食堂的功能也很重要。它们被用于文化活动和其他活动，这有助于提高当地社区对这些食堂的认识并培养积极的看法)”可知，各种功能最有助于社区食堂的成功。故选C。 12．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“In the latter part of last year, the Weikang community canteen in Ziyang subdistrict, Hangzhou, experienced a significant transformation from being a canteen for seniors to catering for the whole community. Its services have been broadened beyond regular operations to include services for hospitals and businesses, complete with home delivery options. Some other community canteens have also made efforts to appeal to more residents. (去年下半年，杭州资阳街道卫康社区食堂经历了从老年人食堂到全社区餐饮的重大转变。它的服务范围已扩大到常规业务之外，包括为医院和企业提供服务，并提供送货上门服务。其他一些社区食堂也在努力吸引更多的居民)”可知，最后一段提到卫康社区食堂展示了社区食堂的创新改革。故选D。 Passage 4 （23-24高二上·合肥一中·期末） Electric bicycles have come and they’re clearly here to stay. Nearly every single country in the world has begun embracing two-wheeled electric mobility, recognizing the benefits hitting the road on e-bikes has, not just for the economy, but for the population’s general wellbeing, as well. Germany, in particular, has witnessed a remarkable upturn in the e-bike industry, displaying no signs of slowing down despite initial hesitations earlier this year. In May, favorable weather made it more convenient to ride e-bikes, which contributed to the increase of e-bike sales. By the end of May this year, Germany had produced over one million electric bikes, marking a significant five-percent growth compared to the same period last year. This growth is particularly impressive considering the challenging economic climate the country has faced. Burkhard Stock, the Managing Director of the Zweirad-Industrie-Verband(ZIV), discussed this unbelievable turn of events in a report published by German e-bike publication E-Bike News. He mentioned that they had anticipated a slowdown in the market throughout the first half of the year. However, it turned out that a positive change in the industry was seen in May. In addition to the market within the country, German-made electric bicycles have gone to other parts of the world. In the first quarter of this year, an astonishing 190,000 electric bikes were sold abroad, meaning a significant 28-percent increase compared to the previous year. A majority of these electric bikes were transported to European Union and European Free Trade Association member countries. Before 2023 draws to a close, it’s expected that the German e-bike market will produce two-million electric bicycles. Some of the major factors driving sales in the e-bike market are the innovative features of the products, fully integrated batteries and drives, appealing designs, and the use of high-quality materials. The e-bike companies are launching new models with advanced technologies and high-tech features such as long battery ranges, which are attracting customers. Moreover, the preference of consumers for a carbon-free and healthier ride along with fuel saving is contributing to the higher adoption rate of e-bikes. 13．What resulted in a better e-bike market in May? A．Effective marketing strategies. B．Favorable turn of economic climate. C．Improved environmental awareness. D．Weather conditions suitable for cycling. 14．What does the underlined word “anticipated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Prevented. B．Guaranteed. C．Encountered. D．Expected. 15．What do the numbers of German-made e-bikes in the 4th paragraph show? A．A great demand for electricity. B．A complete hold of the global market. C．A strong export performance of e-bikes. D．A high political rank in the European Union. 16．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．The introduction of advanced battery packs is boosting the demand for e-bikes. B．Bicycle users are on the rise mainly due to the health benefits and selling prices. C．People in Germany rediscovered e-bikes as a safe, recreational means of transportation. D．Continuous growth in pollution and traffic conditions have increased adoption of the e-bikes. 【答案】13．D 14．D 15．C 16．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了德国电动自行车的销量显著增长。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In May, favorable weather made it more convenient to ride e-bikes, which contributed to the increase of e-bike sales. (五月，有利的天气使骑电动自行车更加方便，这有助于电动自行车销量的增长。)”可知，适宜骑行的天气条件促使电动自行车销量增长。故选D项。 14．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“…this unbelievable turn of events (这令人难以置信的转折)”和“However, it turned out that a positive change in the industry was seen in May(然而，事实证明，该行业在5月份出现了积极的变化)”可推知，画线词所在句意为“他提到，他们预计今年上半年市场将放缓。”anticipated在此意为“预计”。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition to the market within the country, German-made electric bicycles have gone to other parts of the world. In the first quarter of this year, an astonishing 190, 000 electric bikes were sold abroad, meaning a significant 28-percent increase compared to the previous year(除了国内市场，德国制造的电动自行车已经销往世界其他地区。今年第一季度，电动自行车在国外的销量达到了惊人的19万辆，与前一年相比大幅增长了28%)”可知，这些数字显示了电动自行车强劲的出口业绩。故选C项。 16．判断推理题。根据文章最后一段“Some of the major factors driving sales in the e-bike market are the innovative features of the products, fully integrated batteries and drives, appealing designs, and the use of high-quality materials. The e-bike companies are launching new models with advanced technologies and high-tech features such as long battery ranges, which are attracting customers. Moreover, the preference of consumers for a carbon-free and healthier ride along with fuel saving is contributing to the higher adoption rate of e-bikes. (推动电动自行车市场销售的一些主要因素是产品的创新功能、完全集成的电池和驱动器、吸引人的设计以及优质材料的使用。电动自行车公司正在推出具有先进技术和高科技功能（例如长电池续航里程）的新车型，这些车型正在吸引客户。此外，消费者对无碳、更健康的骑行以及节油的偏好也有助于提高电动自行车的采用率。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了德国电动自行车迅速发展的原因，先进的电池组促进了市场对电动自行车的需求，故选A项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二上·合肥六校联盟·期末） The behavior of beavers and other animals has often inspired expressions in English. If someone is very industrious or hard-working in tackling many things at once, we can say the person is “as busy as a beaver.” This phrase hints at one of the characteristics of these wild animals—they are indeed active creatures. With their large teeth, which are orange due to iron in the tooth enamel (牙齿的珐琅质), beavers can cut down trees and change their environments like no other animals except humans. They use these fallen trees to build dams, creating safe, watery environments. The busy beavers build homes — called lodges — in the ponds created by the dams. The only way to get in and out of lodges is by entering an underwater opening of the structures. This offers beavers protection from predators such as bears, wolves, or coyotes. It’s also interesting to note that beavers have another reason for cutting down trees aside from building dams. Beavers can digest cellulose, so wood is a significant food source for them, with their diet also consisting of leaves and aquatic plants. Chewing on trees also helps beavers keep their teeth sharp, making it easier for them to keep chopping down trees. Of course, no discussion about beavers would be complete without mentioning their most noticeable feature their large, flat tails, which have different uses. One is that they act as a rudder, helping them steer in the water. Another is that the animals pound their tails on the water to warn other beavers of danger. Since beavers work so hard building their homes and warning others of potential harm, it’s no surprise that busy as a beaver is a common phrase. 17．Which of the following usages of “as busy as a beaver” correct? A．My cat is as busy as a beaver since it always lies on the sofa. B．This kind of tree is as busy as a beaver because it takes hundreds of years for it to be used as timber. C．Hanna is having a cup of coffee and listening to music in the living room. She is truly as busy as a beaver. D．Oliver is responsible for two projects and has to train the three new employees, so he has been as busy as a beaver recently. 18．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．What countries beavers are found in. B．How beavers keep themselves safe. C．The animals that threaten beavers. D．The food that beavers eat. 19．How does building dams protect beavers? A．The wood is very strong. B．The water from dams helps beavers digest wood. C．Dams make it harder for other animals to catch. D．Dams provide beavers with lots of water to drink. 20．If a beaver sees a pack of wolves approaching, which body part will it use to alert others? A．Tail B．Teeth C．Paw D．Head 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了海狸和有关海狸的英语习语“as busy as a beaver”。 17．句意猜测题。根据第一段“The behavior of beavers and other animals has often inspired expressions in English. If someone is very industrious or hard-working in tackling many things at once, we can say the person is “as busy as a beaver.” This phrase hints at one of the characteristics of these wild animals—they are indeed active creatures.(如果某人非常勤劳或努力地同时处理许多事情，我们可以说这个人“像海狸一样忙”。)”，可知D项“Oliver要负责两个项目，还要培训三个新员工，所以他最近忙得不可开交。”符合“as busy as a beaver”。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“They use these fallen trees to build dams, creating safe, watery environments. The busy beavers build homes — called lodges — in the ponds created by the dams. The only way to get in and out of lodges is by entering an underwater opening of the structures. This offers beavers protection from predators such as bears, wolves, or coyotes.(他们用这些倒下的树木建造水坝，创造安全的水环境。忙碌的海狸在水坝形成的池塘里建造家园，称为“小屋”。进出小屋的唯一方法是进入建筑的水下开口。这可以保护海狸免受熊、狼或土狼等掠食者的伤害。)”，可知，文章讲到了海狸如何保护自己的安全以及威胁海狸的动物，以及第三段“Beavers can digest cellulose, so wood is a significant food source for them, with their diet 15 also consisting of leaves and aquatic plants. Chewing on trees also helps beavers keep their teeth sharp, making it easier for them to keep chopping down trees.(海狸可以消化纤维素，所以木材是它们重要的食物来源，它们的饮食也包括树叶和水生植物。咀嚼树木也有助于海狸保持牙齿锋利，使它们更容易继续砍伐树木。)”可知，文章讲到了海狸的食物。没有讲到海狸在哪些国家被发现。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段“They use these fallen trees to build dams, creating safe, watery environments. The busy beavers build homes — called lodges — in the ponds created by the dams. The only way to get in and out of lodges is by entering an underwater opening of the structures. This offers beavers protection from predators such as bears, wolves, or coyotes.(他们用这些倒下的树木建造水坝，创造安全的水环境。忙碌的海狸在水坝形成的池塘里建造家园，称为“小屋”。进出小屋的唯一方法是进入建筑的水下开口。这可以保护海狸免受熊、狼或土狼等掠食者的伤害。)”，可知，修建水坝保护海狸不被其他动物捕获，即水坝使其他动物更难捕获。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Another is that the animals pound their tails on the water to warn other beavers of danger. Since beavers work so hard building their homes and warning others of potential harm, it’s no surprise that busy as a beaver is a common phrase.(另一种说法是，海狸用尾巴拍打水面，以警告其他海狸有危险。由于海狸如此努力地建造自己的家园，并警告其他海狸潜在的危害，所以忙碌的海狸(busy as a beaver)是一个常见的短语也就不足为奇了。)”，可知，如果海狸看到一群狼靠近，它会用尾巴来警告其他海狸，故选A。 Passage 6 （23-24高二上·合肥六校联盟·期末） Patients often come into my office and ask, “How can I look younger?” While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. The theory behind the study originates from the fact that a major part of facial aging is due to the loss of fat and soft tissue, which leads to the growth and spread of wrinkles. If we can lift weights at the gym and enlarge muscles in arms, why couldn’t the same be done for muscles in our faces, therefore to create a more youthful face? The concept of facial exercise is not a new one. A simple Internet search will produce a lot of blog posts and books on the subject, as well as various programs that promise to be the next fountain of youth. What the JAMA Dermatology researchers did in their study, which was the first of its kind, was to examine this question from a more strict scientific aspect. They enrolled 27 women between the ages of 40 and 65 to perform daily, 30-minute exercises for eight weeks, and then continue every other day for a total of 20 weeks. Dermatologists who did not know the participants were asked to rate their photographs before and after the exercise. The dermatologists found an improvement in cheek fullness and estimated the age of the participants at 51 years of age at the start of the program and 48 at the end of the 20-week study. Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. The overall small size of the study also limits its generalizability to the larger population. In addition, there was also no control group, which would have helped reduce the possibility that this improvement happened by chance. It’s also hard to draw conclusions about the longevity of these results. Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are needed to answer these questions. 21．What is the author’s attitude towards the study published in JAMA Dermatology? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent 22．According to the passage, which statement is true? A．Though the concept of facial exercise is new, much information about it can be found on the Internet. B．Some participants did not feel improvement in their facial appearance at the end of the study. C．If there is a control group, the possibility that the improvement in the facial appearance happened by chance will be increased. D．The reason why some participants quit the study before it was completely may be that they had not enough time. 23．What does the underlined word exalting mean? A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Frustrating. D．Calming. 24．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The study published in JAMA Dermatology is not reliable. B．Healthy living is the only way to make someone look and feel young. C．More studies are needed to further the present study on facial exercises. D．As a dermatologist, the author was involved in the research project on facial exercises. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。发表在《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》上的一项研究显示，常规的面部锻炼可能会减缓衰老和改善面部面貌。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. (虽然我总是建议健康的生活方式——均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼——为了看起来更年轻，感觉更年轻，但我从来没有想过面部锻炼是我的计划的一部分。直到最近发表在《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》(JAMA Dermatology)上的一项研究显示，常规的面部锻炼可能会减缓无情的时间潮流)”和最后一段中“Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. (也许必须继续锻炼才能保持其效果)”可知，作者对《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》上发表的研究持积极的态度。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. (在27名患者中，有11人在完成研究前就放弃了。一个原因可能是，这个项目很耗时，每天要花30分钟)”可知，一些参与者在研究完全结束前退出的原因可能是他们没有足够的时间。故选D项。 23．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. (虽然这些结果似乎exalting，但这项研究有一些明显的局限性)”和第四段中“Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. (此外，所有参与者在研究结束时都感觉自己的面部面貌改善了)”可知，由参与者感觉自己的面貌改善了和提到这项研究有一些局限性。由此可知，这些结果应该是令人兴奋的，因此猜测下划线词exalting意为“令人兴奋的”，与A项中的exciting意义一致。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are need to answer these questions. (也许必须继续锻炼才能保持其效果。但要持续多久呢？多频繁呢？哪种运动是最有效的呢？需要更多研究来回答这些问题)”可知，目前对面部运动的研究还有待进一步的研究。故选C项。 Passage 7 （23-24高二上·安庆二中·期末） The curb cut (路缘坡) is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder in more ways than one, such as carrying baggage, pushing a bicycle or a wheelchair or riding a skateboard etc. —all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut. But it was created with a different purpose in mind. It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help disadvantaged people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently. I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity. The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game.” Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, almost everyone wins.” One such example is closed captioning (字幕), originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it’s easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it’s convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym. second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid. So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk —think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but almost all of us. 25．What is the purpose of the examples listed in the first paragraph? A．To call on us to care about the disadvantaged groups. B．To offer some background information about the curb cut. C．To tell us that people ignore the existence of the curb cut. D．To make us know the convenience of the curb cut to our daily life. 26．What does the underlined quote imply concerning a six-inch curb? A．It is an impassable barrier. B．It is an important sign. C．It is an unforgettable symbol. D．It is an impressive landmark. 27．Which of the following examples best shows the “curb cut effect”? A．Classic literature got translated into many languages. B．The four great inventions of China spread to the West. C．Reading machines for blind people also benefit others. D．Helping the disabled contributes to more people doing it. 28．What is the main idea of the text? A．The curb cut is only beneficial to the disabled. B．Everyone in a society should be treated equally. C．The disadvantaged people fight for rights and equality. D．Caring for disadvantaged groups may benefit more people. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以路缘坡为例，解释是什么是“路缘”效应——当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，几乎每个人都是赢家。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“The curb cut (路缘坡) is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder in more ways than one, such as carrying baggage, pushing a bicycle or a wheelchair or riding a skateboard etc. — all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.(路缘坡是我们大多数人很少注意到的一种便利。然而，如果没有它，日常生活可能会在很多方面变得更加困难，比如拿行李，推自行车或轮椅或骑滑板等等——所有这些任务都因为路缘坡而变得更容易)”可推知，第一段列举的例子的目的是让我们意识到路缘坡给我们日常生活带来的便利。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段“That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps(斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”.(这对坐轮椅的人来说是个大问题，因为没有坡道帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。根据一位残疾人权利领袖的说法，6英寸的路沿“就像珠穆朗玛峰一样”)”可知，关于6英寸的路缘，带下划线的话暗示了这是一个不可逾越的障碍。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“What the cur b cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, almost everyone wins.”(Blackwell说，路缘效应揭示的是，“当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，几乎每个人都是赢家。”)”和倒数第二段“One such example is closed captioning(字幕), originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it’s easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it’s convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym. second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid.(一个这样的例子是隐藏字幕，最初是为了帮助聋人理解电影和电视节目，而不需要听到对话或声音。但很容易想到隐藏字幕的其他应用程序：对于在嘈杂的酒吧或健身房看电视的顾客、既想读书又想听的第二语言学习者，或者将其用作学习辅助工具的学生来说，隐藏字幕很方便)”可推知，C选项“盲人阅读设备也有益于他人”最能说明“路缘效应”，不仅对弱势群体有帮助，还能有益于其他群体，双赢局面。故选C。 28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk —think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but almost all of us.(所以，下次当你过马路的时候，或者在人行横道上滚动你的行李箱的时候，或者在人行道上骑自行车的时候，想想路缘削减了多少，这种设计上的改变打破了一个处于不利地位的群体的排斥之墙，不仅帮助了这个群体，而且帮助了几乎所有人)”结合文章以路缘坡为例，解释是什么是“路缘”效应——当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，几乎每个人都是赢家。可知，这篇文章的主旨是支持弱势群体往往最终使更大范围的社会受益。故选D。 Passage 8 （23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期末） In a lab in London, newborn chicks took the first steps of their life and might become part of solving one of the brain’s big puzzles. Elisabetta Versace, the lead author of the new study and head of the Prepared Minds Lab at Queen Mary, and her co-workers published their findings on Tuesday in Biology Letters. In a simple test, researchers placed the downy animals, hatched after less than a day in complete darkness, one at a time into a special box. Two screens on the opposite sides of the box played videos of moving orange balls, one moving upward and the other downward. Over the course of 20 minutes, most of the chicks hesitantly walked over to the end of the box with the upward-moving ball. Biologists call the mechanisms (生物机制) that assist animals in their earliest moments “evolutionary predispositions (进化倾向)” or “priors”. “Studying how predispositions work in humans is difficult,” says Elisa Raffalla Ferre, co-author of the new study, as babies take time to develop complex skills. By the time human babies can easily move, they have already spent significant time learning. Chicks, however, can perform relatively complex actions very soon after hatching, which makes them ideal candidates for exploring how predispositions function. Why this preference for objects that move against gravity exists at all remains unclear. “Going against gravity in a consistent way is associated with animate objects in the ecological world,” Versace says, “because usually you see that water flows down or a rock falls down.” Lifeless objects, on the other hand, are unlikely to move consistently against gravity. The newly released article is consistent with previous research, according to Orsola Rosa Salva, a comparative psychologist at the University of Trento. What Salva wants to see next in this field are experiments that begin to identify what areas of the brain are active when predispositions are launched, so scientists can better understand how the mechanisms work. Versace hopes that future research can offer insights into the way the brain is organized to make sense of the world. 29．What did the test find out about newborn chicks? A．They liked bright colors. B．They had a poor sense of direction. C．They preferred rising objects. D．They picked up first steps with difficulty. 30．Why are newborn chicks better subjects for the test than human babies? A．Their mechanisms are more complex. B．They were already studied more in the past. C．Their evolutionary predispositions work more effectively. D．They can exhibit complex behaviors soon after birth. 31．What does Versace say about going against gravity? A．It is common among species in nature. B．It is a natural behavior of living animals. C．It contributes to the survival of animals. D．It helps newborn animals to learn quickly. 32．What does Salva expect of future experiments? A．They’ll be carried out in the wild. B．They’ll offer detailed workings of the brain. C．They’ll compare the brains of different species. D．They’ll apply to scientific research in related fields. 【答案】29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在伦敦的一个实验室里，新生的小鸡迈出了生命的第一步，它们可能会成为解决大脑一大难题的一部分。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及这一实验的意义。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a simple test, researchers placed the downy animals, hatched after less than a day in complete darkness, one at a time into a special box. Two screens on the opposite sides of the box played videos of moving orange balls, one moving upward and the other downward. Over the course of 20 minutes, most of the chicks hesitantly walked over to the end of the box with the upward-moving ball.(在一个简单的测试中，研究人员将这些在完全黑暗中孵化不到一天的毛茸茸的动物，一次一只地放入一个特殊的盒子里。盒子两侧的两个屏幕分别播放橙色小球移动的视频，一个向上移动，另一个向下移动。在 20 分钟的时间里，大多数小鸡都犹豫不决地走到有向上移动的球的盒子一端)”可知，关于新生的小鸡，测试发现它们更喜欢上升的物体。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Chicks, however, can perform relatively complex actions very soon after hatching, which makes them ideal candidates for exploring how predispositions function.(然而，小鸡在孵化后很快就能做出相对复杂的动作，这使它们成为探索倾向如何发挥作用的理想候选者)”可知，新生的小鸡比人类婴儿更适合测试因为它们出生后不久就能表现出复杂的行为。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Going against gravity in a consistent way is associated with animate objects in the ecological world,” Versace says, “because usually you see that water flows down or a rock falls down.”(“在生态世界中，以一致的方式对抗重力与有生命的物体有关，”范思哲说，“因为通常你会看到水往下流，或者石头往下掉。”)”可知，范思哲认为反重力在自然界的物种中很常见。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What Salva wants to see next in this field are experiments that begin to identify what areas of the brain are active when predispositions are launched, so scientists can better understand how the mechanisms work. (萨尔瓦希望在这一领域看到的下一个实验是，开始确定当倾向被启动时，大脑的哪些区域是活跃的，这样科学家就可以更好地理解机制是如何工作的)”可知，萨尔瓦期望未来的实验会提供大脑的详细工作原理。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·皖中联盟·期末） A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water. This device is particularly beneficial for areas with limited resources or without access to the electricity, as it can operate with any open water source and does not rely on external power sources. It takes its inspiration from photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. However, unlike earlier versions of the “artificial leaf”, which could produce green hydrogen fuel from clean water sources, this new device operates from polluted or seawater sources and can produce clean drinking water-at the same time. “In remote or developing regions, where clean water is relatively scarce and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar, a member of the research team. “The device that could work using polluted water could solve two problems at once: it could split water to make clean fuel, and it could make clean drinking water.” The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly. “It’s such a simple design as well: in just a few steps, we can build a device that works well on water from a wide variety of sources,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar. “In addition, the new device uses more of the sun’s energy. The light-driven process for making solar fuels only uses a small portion of the solar spectrum (光谱) — there’s a whole lot of the spectrum that goes unused.” 33．What do we know about the new device? A．It can hardly produce clean hydrogen fuel. B．It needs a lot of power to function properly. C．It is not as convenient as the “artificial leaf”. D．It can turn polluted water into purified water. 34．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Insufficient. B．Cheap. C．Available. D．Useless. 35．Which word can best describe the new device? A．Costly. B．Environmentally-friendly. C．Outdated. D．Complex. 36．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 5? A．To stress the harm of air pollution to human beings. B．To predict how many people will buy the new device. C．To show the potential impact of the new device on the world. D．To explain the skills of selling the new device to the poor people. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的一组研究人员发明了一种创新的浮动装置，该装置利用太阳能将受污染的水或海水转化为清洁的氢燃料和纯净水。文章对此进行了介绍。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water.(剑桥大学的一组研究人员发明了一种创新的浮动装置，该装置利用太阳能将受污染的水或海水转化为清洁的氢燃料和纯净水)”可知，这个新装置可以把污染的水变成纯净水。故选D。 34．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult(而且水净化所必需的基本设施并不容易获得，水的分解非常困难)”可知，此处是指干净的水相对稀缺，所以scarce意为“稀缺的”。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据第五段“The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly.(该装置可以利用太阳能同时制造清洁燃料和清洁水，可以帮助解决世界许多地区面临的能源和水危机。例如，根据世界卫生组织的数据，用煤油等“肮脏”燃料做饭造成的室内空气污染，每年造成300多万人死亡。用绿色氢烹饪可以帮助显著减少这一数字)”可推知，这款新装置是环境友好型的。故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world.(该装置可以利用太阳能同时制造清洁燃料和清洁水，可以帮助解决世界许多地区面临的能源和水危机)”可推知，作者在第5段提到这个例子是为了展示新设备对世界的潜在影响。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir. Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall. “Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem. The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am, they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day, he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to continue for some time. Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System. “The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.” The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November. 37．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2? A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources. C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage. 38．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens? A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water. C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices. 39．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4? A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify. 40．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City with water 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.(但是，它也可能与国家的管理问题有很大的联系，因为我们有不同的因素，例如没有为管理分配足够的资源和资金)”可知，Sandra Lopez在第二段主要表达了水资源短缺的原因。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply.(部分市民积极采取雨水或瓶装水等对策，政府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策)”可知，使用雨水或瓶装水是一些公民采取的措施。故选B。 39．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to”以及后文“the city’s water supply”可知，政府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策。故划线词意思是“增加，扩大”的意思。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply.(墨西哥城正在制定各种策略来应对严重的水资源短缺，因为长达数年的降雨不足继续影响着当地的供水)”结合文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施，故A选项“墨西哥城与严重的水危机作斗争”最符合文章标题。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末） “I think she is depressed,” a mother sitting in my office whispered to me. The teenager in front of me stared at the floor, then took out her phone and started texting her friends. Her mother said she had been like this for nearly two weeks ever since she failed in her exam. I took a look at the mother and then at her child, wondering where to begin. When you’re a teenager, feeling sad after you’ve failed an exam is not a mental illness. It’s quite normal. This sort of thing was far from uncommon when I worked in the youngster’s mental health center. I was astonished at how spoiled (惯坏的) children had become with parents seeming to have lost all awareness of proper judgment. Of course, it makes sense to me that parents are worried about their teenagers. It can be a strange, confusing time for both the child and the parents to see a sweet little baby change right in front of the eyes. I also get it that it’s sometimes difficult to differentiate between what’s normal and what should be setting off alarm bells. Modern parents are around their children all the time, assuming every little tear means that they need immediate psychological (心理的) help when what they really need is a kind word or a cup of tea. Children are overly protected, like being kept in a small, separate space away from everything else. They’re not even allowed to touch soft things like cotton wool because it might hurt their sensitive skin. This type of parenting that creates this “snowflake generation” might make their childhood easy, but it makes them unprepared for the real world. It does children huge harm because it equips them with no life skills for going through the difficulties they will face when they are adults. We have created a generation who lack any self-reliance and strength, who believe the world revolves (转动) entirely round them and that their feelings always come first. But how will they deal with the big bad world once they finally grow up? 1．What caused the girl’s depression according to her mother? A．An academic failure. B．A fight with her friends. C．The addiction to the phone. D．The disagreement between them. 2．How does the author consider the mother’s worry about her daughter? A．It’s necessary. B．It’s understandable. C．It’s a rather rare scene in his career. D．It reflects the proper judgment of parents. 3．What does the author mean by “snowflake generation”? A．A generation that is strong and adaptable. B．A generation that is highly brilliant and flexible. C．A generation that is good at dealing with difficulties. D．A generation that is overly sensitive and lacks independence. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards modern parenting? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一小女孩考试失败后心情不好，不愿意说话，被母亲误认为是抑郁了从而找医生来调节。医生通过这一现象反思了当代父母对子女过度保护的现象，并提出当代青年需要更多的自由。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her mother said she had been like this for nearly two weeks ever since she failed in her exam. (她的母亲说，自从她考试不及格后，她就一直这样将近两周了。)”可知，在小女孩的妈妈看来，她目前的状态是因为考试失利导致的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“This sort of thing was far from uncommon when I worked in the youngster’s mental health center. (当我在青少年心理健康中心工作时，这种事情并不罕见。)”以及“Of course, it makes sense to me that parents are worried about their teenagers. It can be a strange, confusing time for both the child and the parents to see a sweet little baby change right in front of the eyes. (当然，对我来说，父母担心他们的青少年是有道理的。对于孩子和父母来说，看到一个可爱的小婴儿在眼前发生变化，这可能是一个奇怪的、令人困惑的时刻。)”可推知，在作者看来，这位母亲对孩子的担忧是很正常的，可以理解。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This type of parenting that creates this “snowflake generation” might make their childhood easy, but it makes them unprepared for the real world. It does children huge harm because it equips them with no life skills for going through the difficulties they will face when they are adults. (这种养育方式造就了“雪花一代”，可能会让他们的童年变得轻松，但却让他们对现实世界毫无准备。它给孩子们带来了巨大的伤害，因为它使他们没有生活技能来度过他们成年后将面临的困难。)”可知，“雪花一代”指的是缺乏自理能力、无法应对真实世界中的挑战的一代人。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This type of parenting that creates this “snowflake generation” might make their childhood easy, but it makes them unprepared for the real world. It does children huge harm because it equips them with no life skills for going through the difficulties they will face when they are adults. We have created a generation who lack any self-reliance and strength, who believe the world revolves (转动) entirely round them and that their feelings always come first. But how will they deal with the big bad world once they finally grow up? (这种养育方式造就了“雪花一代”，可能会让他们的童年变得轻松，但却让他们对现实世界毫无准备。它给孩子们带来了巨大的伤害，因为它使他们没有生活技能来度过他们成年后将面临的困难。我们创造了一代缺乏自立和力量的人，他们认为世界完全以他们为中心，他们的感情永远是第一位的。但是，一旦他们长大成人，他们将如何面对这个邪恶的世界呢？)”以及文章主要讲述了一位母亲对自己青春期女儿可能存在的抑郁情况的担忧，并借此引出作者对现代育儿方式的评论。作者批评了父母过度保护孩子的倾向，称这一代为“雪花一代”，认为这种育儿方式使孩子们缺乏应对现实生活挑战的能力。也就是说，作者对现代育儿持批判态度。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽五市联考·期末） A species of spider lives its entire life underwater, despite having lungs that can only breathe atmospheric oxygen. How does it do it? This spider, known as the Argyroneta aquatica, has millions of rough, water-repellent (防水) hairs that trap air around its body, creating an oxygen can and acting as a barrier between the spider’s lungs and the water. Now, a team of researchers led by the Harvard John A．Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences(SEAS), has developed a superhydrophobic (超疏水) surface with a stable plastron (胸甲) that can last for months under water, following the suit of the spider. “Research in these materials is an extremely exciting area that continues to bring into the region of man-made materials elegant solutions evolved in nature, which allow us to introduce new materials with properties never seen before,” said Joanna Aizenberg. “This research exemplifies how uncovering these principles can lead to developing surfaces that maintain superhydrophobicity underwater.” Researchers have known for 20 years that a stable underwater plastron was theoretically possible but, until now, haven’t been able to show it experimentally. One of the biggest issues with plastrons is that they need rough surfaces to form, like the hair of Argyroneta aquatica. But this roughness makes the surface mechanically unstable and subtle to any small change in temperature, pressure, or tiny defect. But with a new method and a simple manufacturing technique, the team designed a surface from a commonly used and inexpensive material with a long-lasting plastron that kept the surface dry thousands of hours longer than previous experiments and even longer than the plastrons of living species. To prove the stability of the plastron, the researchers put the surface through the test-bending it, twisting it, hitting it with hot and cold water, and rubbing it with sand and steel. 5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Argyroneta aquatica. B．The potential threat to the existence of the Argyroneta aquatica. C．The effect of the Argyroneta aquatica in the water world. D．The dilemma of the Argyroneta aquatica facing to survive underwater. 6．What may Joanna Aizenberg approve of? A．The prospect of man-made materials taking place of natural ones. B．The necessity of measuring the advantages of developing creative surfaces. C．The significance of detecting the principles in animals to discover rare species. D．The benefit of observing nature and making full use of it to create new materials. 7．Why was it hard to produce a stable underwater plastron previously? A．Because of lack of raw materials. B．Since there was no example to follow. C．Due to the shortage of experimental experiences. D．Because the special surface makes it difficult to be stable. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Breath-catching Spider B．Staying-dry Plastron Underwater C．Innovations in Wildlife Protection D．Recognition of Copying Spider’s Role 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员研发的一种可以在水下佩戴的胸甲，这是根据一种在水下生活一辈子却只能呼吸大气中氧气的蜘蛛的皮肤研发而成的。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A species of spider lives its entire life underwater, despite having lungs that can only breathe atmospheric oxygen. How does it do it? This spider, known as the Argyroneta aquatica, has millions of rough, water-repellent (防水) hairs that trap air around its body, creating an oxygen can and acting as a barrier between the spider’s lungs and the water. (一种蜘蛛一生都生活在水下，尽管它的肺只能呼吸大气中的氧气。它是如何做到的? 这种被称为Argyroneta aquaticade 蜘蛛有数百万根粗糙的防水毛，这些毛可以将空气困在身体周围，形成一个氧气罐，并作为蜘蛛肺部和水之间的屏障。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了这种蜘蛛一辈子都生活在水下，是因为其独特的皮肤毛发的特点。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Research in these materials is an extremely exciting area that continues to bring into the region of man-made materials elegant solutions evolved in nature, which allow us to introduce new materials with properties never seen before (对这些材料的研究是一个非常令人兴奋的领域，它将继续为人造材料领域带来自然界中进化出来的好的解决方案，这使我们能够引入前所未有的新材料)”及“This research exemplifies how uncovering these principles can lead to developing surfaces that maintain superhydrophobicity underwater. (这项研究举例说明了揭示这些原理如何能够开发出在水下保持超疏水性的表面的材料。)”可知Joanna Aizenberg应该赞成观察自然并利用其引入前所未有的性能的新材料是有益于人类的。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“One of the biggest issues with plastrons is that they need rough surfaces to form, like the hair of Argyroneta aquatica. But this roughness makes the surface mechanically unstable and subtle to any small change in temperature, pressure, or tiny defect. ( 关于这种胸甲最大的问题之一是它们需要粗糙的表面来形成，就像Argyroneta aquatica蜘蛛的毛发一样。但这种粗糙度使得表面不稳定，对温度、压力或微小缺陷的任何微小变化都很敏感。)”可知，从物理机械学角度这种粗糙度使得表面很难维持稳定。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第二段“Now, a team of researchers led by the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences(SEAS), has developed a superhydrophobic (超疏水) surface with a stable plastron (胸甲) that can last for months under water, following the suit of the spider. (现在，由哈佛大学Harvard John A. Paulson工程与应用科学学院(SEAS)领导的一组研究人员已经开发出一种超疏水表面(超疏水)，其稳定的板(胸甲)可以在水下持续数月，就像蜘蛛的衣服一样。)”及最后一段“But with a new method and a simple manufacturing technique, the team designed a surface from a commonly used and inexpensive material with a long-lasting plastron that kept the surface dry thousands of hours longer than previous experiments and even longer than the plastrons of living species. ( 但通过一种新方法和一种简单的制造技术，该团队用一种常用且廉价的材料设计了一种表面，这种表面具有持久的胸甲，比以前的实验保持表面干燥的时间长数千小时，甚至比生物的胸甲还要长。)”可知文章主要介绍了一种根据仿生一种水下生存的蜘蛛而新研发的可长时间保持干燥的防水胸甲。故选B项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·马鞍山二中·期末） Language is in a constant state of change. British English shows this clearly. Take the word “Cheerio!” for example. It has been a British way to say goodbye for more than a century, but it’s dying out as the English language evolves. These days, many young people simply say “laters”. Or take the word “marvelous”. At one time it was a common British word meaning “wonderful”, but over the last ten years it’s been overtaken by the American word “awesome”. So how and why do words come into and fall out of fashion? The influence of US culture is only one explanation for why popular words in British English may change or even stop being used over time. “Awesome” is a good example, but also “fortnight”, a term not used in the US, is now falling out of fashion in British English, and in some cases has been replaced by “two weeks”. New inventions also bring in new words. As old inventions are replaced by new ones, the words which described them also disappear and are replaced. So it’s out with the “Walkman” (a cassette player from the 80s) and in with MP4 players! Then there’s the influence of social media. Text messages and emails have reduced words for convenience, with something like ICYMI (“in case you missed it”) becoming words in their own right. Where “friend” was once a noun, we now “friend someone on Facebook” and where we used to “love” something, now we’re “loving it”! 9．In what situation do the British use “Cheerio!”? A．When they give thanks. B．When they ask for help. C．When they say goodbye. D．When they meet new friends. 10．What does the underlined word “evolves” mean? A．Returns. B．Develops. C．Follows. D．Falls. 11．Why does the writer talk about “Walkman”? A．To show its importance. B．To talk about its history. C．To describe how it came into being. D．To explain how some words are replaced. 12．What effect is social media having on language? A．It is changing the way that words are used. B．It is making language difficult to learn. C．It is bringing in many long words. D．It is making meanings clearer. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着社会的发展，英语词汇的应用也随之变化，并介绍了其原因。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Take the word ‘Cheerio!’ for example. It has been a British way to say goodbye for more than a century(以‘Cheerio!’为例。一个多世纪以来，它一直是英国人告别的方式)”可知，英国人告别时会说“Cheerio!”。故选C。 10．词义猜测题。根据划线词前“Language is in a constant state of change. British English shows this clearly. Take the word ‘Cheerio!’ for example. It has been a British way to say goodbye for more than a century(语言处于不断变化的状态。英式英语清楚地表明了这一点。以‘Cheerio!’为例。一个多世纪以来，它一直是英国人告别的方式)”以及其后“These days, many young people simply say ‘laters’.(如今，许多年轻人只是说‘laters’)”可知，此处是以“Cheerio”为例说明语言的不断变化，故此处指“但随着英语的发展，它正在消亡”，evolves意为“发展”，故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As old inventions are replaced by new ones, the words which described them also disappear and are replaced. So it’s out with the ‘Walkman’ (a cassette player from the 80s) and in with MP4 players!(当旧的发明被新的发明所取代时，描述它们的词语也会消失并被取代。因此，‘Walkman’（一种80年代的卡带式随身听）被淘汰，而MP4播放器取而代之)”可知，文章提到Walkman是为了表明一些旧词汇随着新发明的出现也会随着消失，故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then there’s the influence of social media. Text messages and emails have reduced words for convenience, with something like ICYMI (‘in case you missed it’) becoming words in their own right. Where ‘friend’ was once a noun, we now ‘friend someone on Facebook’ and where we used to ‘love’ something, now we’re ‘loving it’!(其次是社交媒体的影响。为了方便，短信和电子邮件减少了单词，像ICYMI (‘以防错过’) 这样的词就成为了它们自己的词。‘朋友’曾经是一个名词，我们现在‘在Facebook上交朋友’，我们曾经是‘喜爱’某个东西，现在我们是‘正在喜爱它’)”可知，社交媒体正在改变语言的使用方式，故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末） At the end of this century, the number of people in the world who are over 65 years old will be three times as many as now. As there won’t be enough young and healthy laborers (劳动者) to do hard physical work, we will need a lot of robots to keep our country going. The UK’s Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA) is investing (投资) £57million in next-generation robots for tasks typically performed by humans. ARIA isn’t the only one to think that robots will get much better. E l on Musk says his car company Tesla has almost finished making “really useful human-like robots”, and his final aim is to have a robot that can “walk your dog, look after your house, take care of your kids, and cook dinner.” Figure, a new company working with Open AI, has shown a video of its robot working on a BMW production line. Unitree, a Chinese company, sells a robot for $16,000 that can climb stairs and stay standing even if you push it hard. Even though robots have improved, the ones we use in factories now are often called “big, stupid, and dangerous”, and we need to put them in cages to be safe. To do jobs in places that are always changing, robots need to learn from what they do. For example, Google’s robot arms that use AI got better at their jobs by trying and learning from mistakes. As the idea of human -like robots is becoming more popular, start-ups are receiving significant investments. While achieving human-like skills in robots may take decades, easier jobs like watching over dangerous areas could be done by robots sooner. In the UK, robots are already delivering groceries and trying to pick strawberries. However, the robot social care is far from satisfying. The Japanese experience with robots like Pepper, designed for social care, led to complaints of increased workloads and being discontinued. Even so, the development of robots that can multitask and adapt to various tasks is seen as a potential supplement to the human workforce. 13．How does the author develop paragraph2? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By presenting assumptions. 14．What is the main disadvantage of current industrial robots? A．They are too complex to manage. B．They are too small to use. C．They are not intelligent enough. D．They are not energy-efficient. 15．What can be inferred about the robots in social care from the text? A．Their performance depends on human guidance. B．They have been widely used around the world. C．They are only suitable for simple tasks. D．Their service remains to be improved. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Robots B．ARIA’s Global Robot Project C．Developing Robots for Lack of Laborers D．Robots That Are Shaping the World 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了到本世纪末，全球65岁以上的人口将会是现在的三倍，各大科技公司都在研发机器人以应对劳动力短缺问题。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The UK’s Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA) is investing (投资) £57million in next-generation robots for tasks typically performed by humans. ARIA isn’t the only one to think that robots will get much better. E l on Musk says his car company Tesla has almost finished making “really useful human-like robots”, and his final aim is to have a robot that can “walk your dog, look after your house, take care of your kids, and cook dinner.” Figure, a new company working with Open AI, has shown a video of its robot working on a BMW production line. Unitree, a Chinese company, sells a robot for $16,000 that can climb stairs and stay standing even if you push it hard. (英国高级研究与发明局（ARIA）正在投资5700万英镑研发下一代机器人，以完成通常由人类完成的任务。ARIA并不是唯一一个认为机器人会变得更好的人。马斯克表示，他的汽车公司特斯拉几乎已经完成了“真正有用的类人机器人”的制造，他的最终目标是制造出一款可以“遛狗、看家、照顾孩子和做饭”的机器人。与Open AI合作的新公司Figure展示了其机器人在宝马生产线上工作的视频。中国公司Unitree以1.6万美元的价格出售一款机器人，即使你用力推它，它也能爬楼梯并保持站立。)”可知，本段分别讲述了英国公司ARIA、美国公司Tesla和Figure 及中国公司Unitree 在发展智能机器人方面的努力，写作手法为举例子。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Even though robots have improved, the ones we use in factories now are often called “big, stupid, and dangerous”, and we need to put them in cages to be safe.(尽管机器人已经改进了，但我们现在在工厂里使用的机器人经常被称为“大、笨、危险”，我们需要把它们关在笼子里以确保安全。)”可知，目前在工厂里面使用的机器人的缺点之一是它们不够智能。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, the robot social care are far from satisfying.(然而，机器人的社会关怀远非令人满意。)”以及下文列举的事例可知，日本使用Pepper机器人进行社会护理时，出现了工作量增加和被停用的抱怨，这表明机器人在社会护理中提供的服务还有待改进。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As there won’t be enough young and healthy laborers (劳动者) to do hard physical work, we will need a lot of robots to keep our country going.(由于没有足够的年轻健康的劳动者来从事繁重的体力劳动，我们将需要大量的机器人来维持我们国家的运转。)”并结合全文可知，本文重点讲全世界都在开发机器人以应对劳动力短缺问题。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·芜湖一中·期末） Lots of people are concerned about the ability that artificial intelligence (AI) has to copy their voices. When AI is used to make false recordings of things that a person never said, it is called a “deepfake (深度伪造).” However, AI is helping people who can no longer speak, regain a version of their voice. 21-year-old Alexis Bogan used to love singing along with songs by her favorite musicians like Taylor Swift. She was a singer in her school music group as a teenager. But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking. Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to. Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI. She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. The app uses OpenAI’s voice tool. Programmers trained the app using a 15-second sound recording from a cooking video Bogan made as a teenager. Most of the video had cooking sounds, so that is all they could use. But it was enough. The doctors are working with other patients to gather voice samples, hoping to bring the app to other hospitals around the world. But right now, the app, called Voice Engine, is not publicly available. The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission. Other AI companies, however, are making their voice-cloning services available to entertainment companies or other organizations. Bogan believes the technology will progress over time so that when she is older, she does not have to depend on the voice she had as a teenager. She is excited that she is contributing to a change that will help people who are currently using robotic-sounding voices. 17．What happened to Bogan last year? A．She had difficulty singing with famous singers. B．She had a failure in the operation on her brain. C．She failed to make her school music group. D．She lost voice after a brain surgery. 18．How does Bogan use the app tool? A．By writing down her needs in her phone. B．By making a 15-second sound recording. C．By recording a cooking video of herself. D．By copying the sound of a teenager. 19．What should the users of Voice Engine do first? A．Gather voice samples from patients. B．Permit OpenAI to use their voices. C．Record robotic-sounding voice themselves. D．Provide voice-cloning services for companies. 20．What might be the best title for the text? A．AI Generates a New Voice B．AI Can Spot Deepfake Easily C．AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice D．AI Recognizes Your Voice Well 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI技术在帮助失去说话能力的人恢复声音方面的积极作用，以及这种技术在未来的发展潜力和应用前景。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking.(但去年8月，医生成功地从她的大脑后部切除了一个肿瘤。然后，博根说话有困难。)”可知，Bogan 去年经历了脑部手术, 术后遇到了说话困难的问题。“Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to.(虽然她已经恢复了一些说话的能力，但没有迹象表明她能像以前那样说话。)”这进一步证实了她失去了原本的说话能力。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. (她使用手机上的文字转语音应用程序，写下文字，在咖啡店里拿着手机，这样服务员就能听到她的声音。)”可知， Bogan 使用 Voice Engine应用是通过在手机上输入文字，然后将手机扬声器朝向咖啡店的服务员，使他们能够听到合成的声音。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission.(该公司对我们向谁提供这项技术非常有限，因为他们想确保每个人的声音都得到了允许。)”可知，用户首先需要给予OpenAI 使用他们声音的许可。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。文章讲述了人工智能技术如何帮助像 Alexis Bogan 这样因健康问题而丧失语言能力的人，通过 AI 技术恢复了语音表达能力。第三段提到“Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI.(上个月，Bogan在某种程度上恢复了她的声音。专家们利用人工智能为她制作了一个工具。)”这句话直接支持了标题“AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice(人工智能帮助病人重获声音)”的准确性。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to cooperate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours. Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer. However, in my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it causes easy job-hopping. In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found that employees who engage in online social interactions with coworkers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative. In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections. These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions by creating social media groups in which employees will be more likely to work together and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about other job opportunities. Managers can use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions by recognizing employees’ achievements and giving visibility to employees’ success stories. 21．What does previous research about social media reveal? A．Most employees think positively of it. B．It improves employees’ work efficiency. C．It enables employees to form connections. D．Employees spend much of their work time on it. 22．What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions? A．It differs from employee to employee. B．It tends to vary with the platform used. C．It has much to do with whom employees interact with. D．It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders. 23．What problem was found with employees using social media for work? A．They seldom expressed their inner thoughts. B．Most of them explored new job opportunities. C．They were reluctant to cooperate with others. D．Many of them ended with lower productivity. 24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To clarify the definition of social media at work. B．To analyze the drawbacks of social media at work. C．To compare different functions of social media at work. D．To illustrate the proper application of social media at work. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明社交媒体对员工的工作有积极影响，但易导致员工跳槽，作者为管理者提供合理运用社交媒体的建议。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision - making processes.(研究表明，82% 的员工认为社交媒体可以改善工作关系，60% 的员工认为它可以支持决策过程)”可知，从这两个高比例数据可看出大部分员工对社交媒体持积极看法。故选A项。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“I found that employees who engage in online social interactions with coworkers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.(我发现，通过社交媒体博客与同事进行在线社交互动的员工往往更有动力，并能提出创新想法。但当员工与组织外部的人互动时，他们的动力就会减弱，主动性也会降低)” 可知，在线社交互动的效果与员工和谁互动有很大关系。故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.(在研究的第二部分，我发现 76% 使用社交媒体工作的员工对他们在社交媒体上发现的其他组织感兴趣)”可知，大部分使用社交媒体工作的员工在探索新的工作机会。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions by creating social media groups in which employees will be more likely to work together and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about other job opportunities. Managers can use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions by recognizing employees’ achievements and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.(这些发现给管理者带来了一个两难境地：在工作中使用社交媒体的员工更投入、更高效，但他们也更有可能离开你的公司。管理者应该通过创建社交媒体群组来实施解决方案，在这个群组中，员工更有可能合作，不太可能分享离职意图或讨论其他工作机会。管理者可以通过认可员工的成就并宣传员工的成功故事，利用社交媒体直接降低员工的跳槽意图)”可知，作者写作目的是阐述如何在工作中正确应用社交媒体，解决管理者面临的问题。故选D项。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） Climate change could lead to a net expansion of global forests. But will a more forested world actually be cooler? These are strange times for the Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders (牧人) of northern Siberia. In their lands on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, bare tundra (冻原) is melting, bushes are sprouting, and willows that a generation ago struggled to reach knee height now grow 3 meters tall, hiding the reindeer. Surveys show the Nenets autonomous district, an area the size of Florida, now has four times as many trees as official inventories recorded in the 1980s. All around the Arctic Circle, trees are invading as the climate warms. In Norway, birch and pine are marching pole ward, outshining the tundra. In Alaska, spruce are taking over from moss and lichen. Globally, recent research indicates forests are expanding along two-thirds of Earth’s 12,000-kilometer-long northern tree line — the point where forests give way to tundra — while becoming smaller along just 1%. Forest gains are not limited to the far north. At lower latitudes, some warmer, dry regions are also seeing a slight increase in trees, in part because increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) — the main planet-warming gas — are enabling plants to use water more efficiently and thrive in drier soils. And the fertilizing effects of CO2 are enabling existing forests to add more leaves and wood, increasing their biomass. It’s a surprisingly different picture from what is unfolding in the tropics, where hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest are lost each year to chainsaws (电锯) and fire, and climate change is stressing the remaining trees. But the effects of those tropical losses could be reduced by gains elsewhere, some studies predict, leading in the coming decades to a world with more and faster growing trees. That might seem like surprisingly good news for curbing global warming. Forests often have a cooling effect, releasing organic compounds and water vapor that promote the formation of clouds. And more, faster growing trees would absorb more atmospheric carbon and lock it away in wood. But the calculus of forests’ climate effects is far from straightforward, and emerging research suggests a more forested world won’t necessarily be a cooler world. New forests could enhance warming in some areas, for example, by reducing the amount of sunlight that is reflected into space. Over time, that could offset any gains in carbon absorption. “Forests are not just carbon sponges,” says environmental scientist Deborah Lawrence of the University of Virginia. 25．What may be the impact of climate change according to the passage? A．An increase in tundra area. B．A sharp decrease in bushes. C．An expansion of global forests. D．A decline in reindeer population. 26．What is the main reason for the increase in forest growth in warmer and dry regions? A．Intense sunlight. B．The effects of carbon dioxide. C．The melting of tundra. D．Sufficient rainfall. 27．What does the underlined word “curbing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Holding back. B．Setting off. C．Taking out. D．Picking up. 28．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Close Connection: Climate Change and Forest Expansion B．The Unexpected Impacts: Climate Change on Forest Expansion C．A More Forested World: The Solution to Global Warming D．Global Warming: A Trend toward Warmer Conditions 【答案】25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出气候变化可能导致全球森林净扩张，北极圈及低纬度部分地区树木增多，但森林对气候影响复杂，更多森林不一定意味着更凉爽。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Climate change could lead to a net expansion of global forests. (气候变化可能导致全球森林的净扩张)”可知，气候变化的影响是全球森林面积的扩大。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At lower latitudes, some warmer, dry regions are also seeing a slight increase in trees, in part because increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) — the main planet-warming gas — are enabling plants to use water more efficiently and thrive in drier soils. (在低纬度地区，一些更温暖的干燥地区，树木数量也略有增加，部分原因是二氧化碳（CO2）——导致地球变暖的主要气体——浓度的增加使植物能够更有效地利用水分，并在更干燥的土壤中茁壮成长)”可知，在更温暖的干燥地区，森林生长增加的主要原因是二氧化碳的影响。故选B项。 27．词句猜测题。画线词的下文“Forests often have a cooling effect, releasing organic compounds and water vapor that promote the formation of clouds. And more, faster growing trees would absorb more atmospheric carbon and lock it away in wood. (森林通常有降温作用，释放有机化合物和水蒸气，促进云的形成。而且，生长速度更快的树木会吸收更多大气中的碳，并将其锁在木材中)”介绍了森林的降温作用，以及对吸收大气中的碳的用处，由此可知，树木数量的增加对于“遏制”全球变暖似乎是个好消息，画线词的意思是“遏制，抑制”，与Holding back“阻止，抑制”意思一致。B. 补偿，抵消；C. 去除，消除；D. 拾起，捡起。故选A项。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Climate change could lead to a net expansion of global forests. (气候变化可能导致全球森林的净扩张)”可知，文章主要讨论了气候变化对森林扩张的影响，并指出森林扩张并不一定会导致全球变冷，反而可能在某些地区加剧变暖。因此，B项“意想不到的影响：气候变化对森林扩张的影响”突出了气候变化的意外影响，最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期末） Phood is a green-minded urban farm and not-for-profit business based in Eindhoven, Netherlands. With a mission to make the most of positive impact on both the environment and society, Phood began as a food truck serving nutritious meals, but has since grown into a community farming project. It now produces sustainable (可持续的) food while supporting individuals facing social challenges and equipping them with tools to overcome challenges and transform them into positive outcomes. Phood’s philosophy focuses on reconnecting the city, nature, and people. As noted by Hactivist Guide, it transforms food production into a platform for personal engagement, emphasizing accessible community education and the benefits of working with nature. At the Phood Farm Picking Garden, community members can pick their own vegetables and receive discounts at the farm shop, which sells microgreens, mushrooms, kombucha, and oils. Located on a 1.5-acre plot, the farm grows seasonal vegetables, fruits and flowers, using sustainable practices. Participants learn about permaculture and aquaponics through hands-on workshops. The goal is to create a self-sustaining ecosystem that harmonizes human activity with nature, promoting regeneration rather than depletion (消耗). Beyond environmental goals, Phood supports social growth. It offers a supportive environment for those with conditions like ADHD and burnout. Participants work alongside trained supervisors, who provide guidance and tools such as Tai Chi to help them recover in a fast-paced world. This caring environment allows individuals to develop confidence, learn skills, and feel a sense of belonging. Phood views growth as a gradual process, much like growing plants. It provides encouragement, development opportunities, and a pressure-free space for all. Staff members report that participants often experience significant growth in self-confidence. Looking ahead, the organization hopes to establish a long-lasting food location nearby in which they will grow leafy greens for local households and restaurants, employ more young people, and assist other cities in developing urban farms. 29．What can be learned about Phood? A．It’s a delivery service. B．It develops from a farming project. C．It’s a restaurant chain. D．It promotes community involvement. 30．What does Phood do to benefit the society? A．It teaches people practical communication skills. B．It raises money for people in financial trouble. C．It educates the residents to make sensible food choices. D．It provides an encouraging environment for those struggling. 31．Which of the following is on Phood’s to-do list? A．To seek its expansion. B．To explore its impact. C．To find new partners. D．To sell local products. 32．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Green Farming: An Amazing Success Story B．Green Farming: An Innovative Solution for Agriculture C．Phood: Feeding the Community while Developing Sustainability D．Phood: Experimenting a New Approach to Removing Hunger 【答案】29．D 30．D 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Phood这一荷兰埃因霍温的绿色环保城市农场和非营利性企业。 29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“It now produces sustainable (可持续的) food while supporting individuals facing social challenges and equipping them with tools to overcome challenges and transform them into positive outcomes.(它现在生产可持续的食物，同时支持面临社会挑战的个人，并为他们提供克服挑战并将其转化为积极成果的工具。)”以及第二段第二句“As noted by Hactivist Guide, it transforms food production into a platform for personal engagement, emphasizing accessible community education and the benefits of working with nature.(如Hactivist Guide所指出的，它将食品生产转变为个人参与的平台，强调社区教育的普及以及与自然合作的好处。)”可知，Phood将食品生产转变为个人参与的平台，强调社区教育的普及以及与自然合作的好处即鼓励社区参与。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Beyond environmental goals, Phood supports social growth.(除了环境目标，Phood还支持社会发展。)”以及接下来的内容“It offers a supportive environment for those with conditions like ADHD and burnout. Participants work alongside trained supervisors, who provide guidance and tools such as Tai Chi to help them recover in a fast-paced world. This caring environment allows individuals to develop confidence, learn skills, and feel a sense of belonging.(它为患有注意力缺陷多动障碍和倦怠症等状况的人提供一个支持性的环境。参与者与经过培训的监督员一起工作，监督员提供指导和诸如太极等工具，帮助他们在快节奏的世界中恢复。这种关怀的环境让人们能够建立自信，学习技能，并感受到归属感。)”可知，Phood为那些挣扎的人提供了一个鼓励的环境。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Looking ahead, the organization hopes to establish a long-lasting food location nearby in which they will grow leafy greens for local households and restaurants, employ more young people, and assist other cities in developing urban farms.(展望未来，该组织希望在附近建立一个长期的食品供应点，在那里他们将种植绿叶蔬菜供当地家庭和餐馆使用，雇佣更多的年轻人，并协助其他城市发展城市农场。)”可知，该组织希望在附近建立一个长期的食品供应点，在那里他们将种植绿叶蔬菜供当地家庭和餐馆使用，雇佣更多的年轻人，并协助其他城市发展城市农场即Phood计划扩张。故选A项。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Phood is a green-minded urban farm and not-for-profit business based in Eindhoven, Netherlands. With a mission to make the most of positive impact on both the environment and society, Phood began as a food truck serving nutritious meals, but has since grown into a community farming project. It now produces sustainable (可持续的) food while supporting individuals facing social challenges and equipping them with tools to overcome challenges and transform them into positive outcomes.(Phood是一家位于荷兰埃因霍温的绿色环保城市农场和非营利性企业。Phood的使命是最大限度地对环境和社会产生积极影响，它最初是一辆提供营养餐点的食品卡车，但后来发展成为一个社区农业项目。它现在生产可持续的食物，同时支持面临社会挑战的个人，并为他们提供克服挑战并将其转化为积极成果的工具。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Phood这一组织在提供食物的同时，也致力于可持续发展。C选项“Phood: Feeding the Community while Developing Sustainability (Phood：在为社区提供食物的同时发展可持续性)”能够概括文章主要内容，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 1．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 2．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of mental health. 3．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·期末） Scientists have developed a flying dragon, called the Dragon Firefighter, that will be able to fight fire by shooting water out of its mouth. The Dragon, invented by Japanese researchers, is expected to join firefighter teams to put out fires that are too large and dangerous for humans to fight. “We here present a prototype (原型) of a four-meter-long, remotely controllable flying firehose (消防水带) robot, designed to safely and quickly put out fires in buildings by directly getting close to the fire sources,” said Dr Yuichi Ambe, from Osaka University. Researchers also worked closely with Japanese firefighters to understand the type of help they may need when fighting bigger fires. This is not the first time the robot has shown its potential to the world, however. The Dragon Firefighter was introduced at the World Robot Summit in 2021, where it managed to put out a fire around 4 meters away. “Since the show at the World Robot Summit, we have continued to work on improving our Dragon and have learned many new things,” said Dr Yu Yamauchi, from Akia Prefectural University. “For example, we found that the original passive dampening mechanism (洒水机制) had its problem: it took too long to prepare for flight. We also found that heat from fires can greatly influence the outdoor applications of the corrugated tube (波纹管) that holds the water hose and electric cables (电缆).” Since its first show, improvements have been made to improve the mouth it uses to shoot out water. Despite this, it could be a long time before you see the Dragon Firefighter out in the real world. “We believe that it will take about 10 more years to offer our robot in real-world firefighting situations,” said Ambe. “The primary challenge will be to increase its reach to beyond 10 meters. Developing useful firefighting methods for this robot’s unique potential will be a key part of further development.” 5．Why is the Dragon Firefighter designed? A．To help firefighters put out big fires. B．To find out the causes of fire. C．To direct firefighters in the future. D．To check the progress of fire. 6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the World Robot Summit in 2021? A．To stress the wide interest in the Dragon. B．To introduce the Dragon’s second show. C．To prove the Dragon’s potential. D．To show the Dragon’s improvement. 7．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the Dragon Firefighter? A．Its wide applications. B．Its original problems. C．Its working conditions. D．Its recent developments. 8．What does Ambe think of the Dragon Firefighter? A．It is far from useful in the real world. B．It should be tested in the show. C．It has solved the primary challenge. D．It needs time before application. Passage 3 （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末） A community canteen at the Zhanongkou Community in Shangcheng, Hangzhou recently launched “happiness blind boxes”, which cost just 6 yuan per box. Sales start at 7 p. m. each evening. The dishes are packaged in transparent (透明的) containers, but to maintain an element of surprise, stickers are placed over the lid (盖子) of the “main dish” section of each box. The “blind boxes” have become popular since being introduced, and on some nights they sell out by about 8 p. m. A meal assistance program introduced in Zhanongkou subdistrict ensures the elderly can access meals within a 10-minute walk of their homes or have them delivered within five minutes. The service has also been welcomed by younger people living and working in the area. Yan Xuyang, a professor at Beijing Union University’s Tourism College, predicts that by 2035, those born from the 1970s to the 2000s will comprise the main group of customers for such canteens. “This generation has a reasonable level of disposable (可自由支配的) income, and many of its members may also lack the willingness to prepare meals for themselves,” Yan said. The successful operation of community canteens depends on their ability to integrate into the daily lives and culture of local residents. In addition to serving dishes to suit local tastes and fostering a welcoming environment for diners, it is important to widen the functions of these canteens. They have been used for cultural activities and other events, which helps raise awareness and foster a positive perspective on these canteens among local communities. In the latter part of last year, the Weikang community canteen in Ziyang subdistrict, Hangzhou, experienced a significant transformation from being a canteen for seniors to catering for the whole community. Its services have been broadened beyond regular operations to include services for hospitals and businesses, complete with home delivery options. Some other community canteens have also made efforts to appeal to more residents. 9．What can we know about the “happiness blind boxes” from the passage? A．They are sold out every night before 8 p. m. B．They are beautifully decorated with stickers. C．They offer a sense of mystery with the unknown main dishes. D．They are only offered to the residents in the Zhanongkou Community. 10．What’s Yan Xuyang’s attitude towards the future of the community canteen? A．Promising. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Objective. 11．What might contribute most to the success of community canteens? A．Reasonable prices. B．Fast delivery service. C．Various functions. D．Unexpected surprises. 12．Why is the Weikang community canteen mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the popularity of community canteens. B．To emphasize the importance of community canteens. C．To discuss the wide functions of community canteens. D．To show the innovative reform of community canteens. Passage 4 （23-24高二上·合肥一中·期末） Electric bicycles have come and they’re clearly here to stay. Nearly every single country in the world has begun embracing two-wheeled electric mobility, recognizing the benefits hitting the road on e-bikes has, not just for the economy, but for the population’s general wellbeing, as well. Germany, in particular, has witnessed a remarkable upturn in the e-bike industry, displaying no signs of slowing down despite initial hesitations earlier this year. In May, favorable weather made it more convenient to ride e-bikes, which contributed to the increase of e-bike sales. By the end of May this year, Germany had produced over one million electric bikes, marking a significant five-percent growth compared to the same period last year. This growth is particularly impressive considering the challenging economic climate the country has faced. Burkhard Stock, the Managing Director of the Zweirad-Industrie-Verband(ZIV), discussed this unbelievable turn of events in a report published by German e-bike publication E-Bike News. He mentioned that they had anticipated a slowdown in the market throughout the first half of the year. However, it turned out that a positive change in the industry was seen in May. In addition to the market within the country, German-made electric bicycles have gone to other parts of the world. In the first quarter of this year, an astonishing 190,000 electric bikes were sold abroad, meaning a significant 28-percent increase compared to the previous year. A majority of these electric bikes were transported to European Union and European Free Trade Association member countries. Before 2023 draws to a close, it’s expected that the German e-bike market will produce two-million electric bicycles. Some of the major factors driving sales in the e-bike market are the innovative features of the products, fully integrated batteries and drives, appealing designs, and the use of high-quality materials. The e-bike companies are launching new models with advanced technologies and high-tech features such as long battery ranges, which are attracting customers. Moreover, the preference of consumers for a carbon-free and healthier ride along with fuel saving is contributing to the higher adoption rate of e-bikes. 13．What resulted in a better e-bike market in May? A．Effective marketing strategies. B．Favorable turn of economic climate. C．Improved environmental awareness. D．Weather conditions suitable for cycling. 14．What does the underlined word “anticipated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Prevented. B．Guaranteed. C．Encountered. D．Expected. 15．What do the numbers of German-made e-bikes in the 4th paragraph show? A．A great demand for electricity. B．A complete hold of the global market. C．A strong export performance of e-bikes. D．A high political rank in the European Union. 16．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．The introduction of advanced battery packs is boosting the demand for e-bikes. B．Bicycle users are on the rise mainly due to the health benefits and selling prices. C．People in Germany rediscovered e-bikes as a safe, recreational means of transportation. D．Continuous growth in pollution and traffic conditions have increased adoption of the e-bikes. Passage 5 （23-24高二上·合肥六校联盟·期末） The behavior of beavers and other animals has often inspired expressions in English. If someone is very industrious or hard-working in tackling many things at once, we can say the person is “as busy as a beaver.” This phrase hints at one of the characteristics of these wild animals—they are indeed active creatures. With their large teeth, which are orange due to iron in the tooth enamel (牙齿的珐琅质), beavers can cut down trees and change their environments like no other animals except humans. They use these fallen trees to build dams, creating safe, watery environments. The busy beavers build homes — called lodges — in the ponds created by the dams. The only way to get in and out of lodges is by entering an underwater opening of the structures. This offers beavers protection from predators such as bears, wolves, or coyotes. It’s also interesting to note that beavers have another reason for cutting down trees aside from building dams. Beavers can digest cellulose, so wood is a significant food source for them, with their diet also consisting of leaves and aquatic plants. Chewing on trees also helps beavers keep their teeth sharp, making it easier for them to keep chopping down trees. Of course, no discussion about beavers would be complete without mentioning their most noticeable feature their large, flat tails, which have different uses. One is that they act as a rudder, helping them steer in the water. Another is that the animals pound their tails on the water to warn other beavers of danger. Since beavers work so hard building their homes and warning others of potential harm, it’s no surprise that busy as a beaver is a common phrase. 17．Which of the following usages of “as busy as a beaver” correct? A．My cat is as busy as a beaver since it always lies on the sofa. B．This kind of tree is as busy as a beaver because it takes hundreds of years for it to be used as timber. C．Hanna is having a cup of coffee and listening to music in the living room. She is truly as busy as a beaver. D．Oliver is responsible for two projects and has to train the three new employees, so he has been as busy as a beaver recently. 18．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．What countries beavers are found in. B．How beavers keep themselves safe. C．The animals that threaten beavers. D．The food that beavers eat. 19．How does building dams protect beavers? A．The wood is very strong. B．The water from dams helps beavers digest wood. C．Dams make it harder for other animals to catch. D．Dams provide beavers with lots of water to drink. 20．If a beaver sees a pack of wolves approaching, which body part will it use to alert others? A．Tail B．Teeth C．Paw D．Head Passage 6 （23-24高二上·合肥六校联盟·期末） Patients often come into my office and ask, “How can I look younger?” While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. The theory behind the study originates from the fact that a major part of facial aging is due to the loss of fat and soft tissue, which leads to the growth and spread of wrinkles. If we can lift weights at the gym and enlarge muscles in arms, why couldn’t the same be done for muscles in our faces, therefore to create a more youthful face? The concept of facial exercise is not a new one. A simple Internet search will produce a lot of blog posts and books on the subject, as well as various programs that promise to be the next fountain of youth. What the JAMA Dermatology researchers did in their study, which was the first of its kind, was to examine this question from a more strict scientific aspect. They enrolled 27 women between the ages of 40 and 65 to perform daily, 30-minute exercises for eight weeks, and then continue every other day for a total of 20 weeks. Dermatologists who did not know the participants were asked to rate their photographs before and after the exercise. The dermatologists found an improvement in cheek fullness and estimated the age of the participants at 51 years of age at the start of the program and 48 at the end of the 20-week study. Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. The overall small size of the study also limits its generalizability to the larger population. In addition, there was also no control group, which would have helped reduce the possibility that this improvement happened by chance. It’s also hard to draw conclusions about the longevity of these results. Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are needed to answer these questions. 21．What is the author’s attitude towards the study published in JAMA Dermatology? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent 22．According to the passage, which statement is true? A．Though the concept of facial exercise is new, much information about it can be found on the Internet. B．Some participants did not feel improvement in their facial appearance at the end of the study. C．If there is a control group, the possibility that the improvement in the facial appearance happened by chance will be increased. D．The reason why some participants quit the study before it was completely may be that they had not enough time. 23．What does the underlined word exalting mean? A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Frustrating. D．Calming. 24．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The study published in JAMA Dermatology is not reliable. B．Healthy living is the only way to make someone look and feel young. C．More studies are needed to further the present study on facial exercises. D．As a dermatologist, the author was involved in the research project on facial exercises. Passage 7 （23-24高二上·安庆二中·期末） The curb cut (路缘坡) is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder in more ways than one, such as carrying baggage, pushing a bicycle or a wheelchair or riding a skateboard etc. —all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut. But it was created with a different purpose in mind. It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help disadvantaged people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently. I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity. The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game.” Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, almost everyone wins.” One such example is closed captioning (字幕), originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it’s easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it’s convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym. second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid. So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk —think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but almost all of us. 25．What is the purpose of the examples listed in the first paragraph? A．To call on us to care about the disadvantaged groups. B．To offer some background information about the curb cut. C．To tell us that people ignore the existence of the curb cut. D．To make us know the convenience of the curb cut to our daily life. 26．What does the underlined quote imply concerning a six-inch curb? A．It is an impassable barrier. B．It is an important sign. C．It is an unforgettable symbol. D．It is an impressive landmark. 27．Which of the following examples best shows the “curb cut effect”? A．Classic literature got translated into many languages. B．The four great inventions of China spread to the West. C．Reading machines for blind people also benefit others. D．Helping the disabled contributes to more people doing it. 28．What is the main idea of the text? A．The curb cut is only beneficial to the disabled. B．Everyone in a society should be treated equally. C．The disadvantaged people fight for rights and equality. D．Caring for disadvantaged groups may benefit more people. Passage 8 （23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期末） In a lab in London, newborn chicks took the first steps of their life and might become part of solving one of the brain’s big puzzles. Elisabetta Versace, the lead author of the new study and head of the Prepared Minds Lab at Queen Mary, and her co-workers published their findings on Tuesday in Biology Letters. In a simple test, researchers placed the downy animals, hatched after less than a day in complete darkness, one at a time into a special box. Two screens on the opposite sides of the box played videos of moving orange balls, one moving upward and the other downward. Over the course of 20 minutes, most of the chicks hesitantly walked over to the end of the box with the upward-moving ball. Biologists call the mechanisms (生物机制) that assist animals in their earliest moments “evolutionary predispositions (进化倾向)” or “priors”. “Studying how predispositions work in humans is difficult,” says Elisa Raffalla Ferre, co-author of the new study, as babies take time to develop complex skills. By the time human babies can easily move, they have already spent significant time learning. Chicks, however, can perform relatively complex actions very soon after hatching, which makes them ideal candidates for exploring how predispositions function. Why this preference for objects that move against gravity exists at all remains unclear. “Going against gravity in a consistent way is associated with animate objects in the ecological world,” Versace says, “because usually you see that water flows down or a rock falls down.” Lifeless objects, on the other hand, are unlikely to move consistently against gravity. The newly released article is consistent with previous research, according to Orsola Rosa Salva, a comparative psychologist at the University of Trento. What Salva wants to see next in this field are experiments that begin to identify what areas of the brain are active when predispositions are launched, so scientists can better understand how the mechanisms work. Versace hopes that future research can offer insights into the way the brain is organized to make sense of the world. 29．What did the test find out about newborn chicks? A．They liked bright colors. B．They had a poor sense of direction. C．They preferred rising objects. D．They picked up first steps with difficulty. 30．Why are newborn chicks better subjects for the test than human babies? A．Their mechanisms are more complex. B．They were already studied more in the past. C．Their evolutionary predispositions work more effectively. D．They can exhibit complex behaviors soon after birth. 31．What does Versace say about going against gravity? A．It is common among species in nature. B．It is a natural behavior of living animals. C．It contributes to the survival of animals. D．It helps newborn animals to learn quickly. 32．What does Salva expect of future experiments? A．They’ll be carried out in the wild. B．They’ll offer detailed workings of the brain. C．They’ll compare the brains of different species. D．They’ll apply to scientific research in related fields. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·皖中联盟·期末） A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water. This device is particularly beneficial for areas with limited resources or without access to the electricity, as it can operate with any open water source and does not rely on external power sources. It takes its inspiration from photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. However, unlike earlier versions of the “artificial leaf”, which could produce green hydrogen fuel from clean water sources, this new device operates from polluted or seawater sources and can produce clean drinking water-at the same time. “In remote or developing regions, where clean water is relatively scarce and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar, a member of the research team. “The device that could work using polluted water could solve two problems at once: it could split water to make clean fuel, and it could make clean drinking water.” The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly. “It’s such a simple design as well: in just a few steps, we can build a device that works well on water from a wide variety of sources,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar. “In addition, the new device uses more of the sun’s energy. The light-driven process for making solar fuels only uses a small portion of the solar spectrum (光谱) — there’s a whole lot of the spectrum that goes unused.” 33．What do we know about the new device? A．It can hardly produce clean hydrogen fuel. B．It needs a lot of power to function properly. C．It is not as convenient as the “artificial leaf”. D．It can turn polluted water into purified water. 34．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Insufficient. B．Cheap. C．Available. D．Useless. 35．Which word can best describe the new device? A．Costly. B．Environmentally-friendly. C．Outdated. D．Complex. 36．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 5? A．To stress the harm of air pollution to human beings. B．To predict how many people will buy the new device. C．To show the potential impact of the new device on the world. D．To explain the skills of selling the new device to the poor people. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir. Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall. “Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem. The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am, they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day, he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to continue for some time. Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System. “The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.” The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November. 37．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2? A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources. C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage. 38．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens? A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water. C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices. 39．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4? A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify. 40．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City with water 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末） “I think she is depressed,” a mother sitting in my office whispered to me. The teenager in front of me stared at the floor, then took out her phone and started texting her friends. Her mother said she had been like this for nearly two weeks ever since she failed in her exam. I took a look at the mother and then at her child, wondering where to begin. When you’re a teenager, feeling sad after you’ve failed an exam is not a mental illness. It’s quite normal. This sort of thing was far from uncommon when I worked in the youngster’s mental health center. I was astonished at how spoiled (惯坏的) children had become with parents seeming to have lost all awareness of proper judgment. Of course, it makes sense to me that parents are worried about their teenagers. It can be a strange, confusing time for both the child and the parents to see a sweet little baby change right in front of the eyes. I also get it that it’s sometimes difficult to differentiate between what’s normal and what should be setting off alarm bells. Modern parents are around their children all the time, assuming every little tear means that they need immediate psychological (心理的) help when what they really need is a kind word or a cup of tea. Children are overly protected, like being kept in a small, separate space away from everything else. They’re not even allowed to touch soft things like cotton wool because it might hurt their sensitive skin. This type of parenting that creates this “snowflake generation” might make their childhood easy, but it makes them unprepared for the real world. It does children huge harm because it equips them with no life skills for going through the difficulties they will face when they are adults. We have created a generation who lack any self-reliance and strength, who believe the world revolves (转动) entirely round them and that their feelings always come first. But how will they deal with the big bad world once they finally grow up? 1．What caused the girl’s depression according to her mother? A．An academic failure. B．A fight with her friends. C．The addiction to the phone. D．The disagreement between them. 2．How does the author consider the mother’s worry about her daughter? A．It’s necessary. B．It’s understandable. C．It’s a rather rare scene in his career. D．It reflects the proper judgment of parents. 3．What does the author mean by “snowflake generation”? A．A generation that is strong and adaptable. B．A generation that is highly brilliant and flexible. C．A generation that is good at dealing with difficulties. D．A generation that is overly sensitive and lacks independence. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards modern parenting? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽五市联考·期末） A species of spider lives its entire life underwater, despite having lungs that can only breathe atmospheric oxygen. How does it do it? This spider, known as the Argyroneta aquatica, has millions of rough, water-repellent (防水) hairs that trap air around its body, creating an oxygen can and acting as a barrier between the spider’s lungs and the water. Now, a team of researchers led by the Harvard John A．Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences(SEAS), has developed a superhydrophobic (超疏水) surface with a stable plastron (胸甲) that can last for months under water, following the suit of the spider. “Research in these materials is an extremely exciting area that continues to bring into the region of man-made materials elegant solutions evolved in nature, which allow us to introduce new materials with properties never seen before,” said Joanna Aizenberg. “This research exemplifies how uncovering these principles can lead to developing surfaces that maintain superhydrophobicity underwater.” Researchers have known for 20 years that a stable underwater plastron was theoretically possible but, until now, haven’t been able to show it experimentally. One of the biggest issues with plastrons is that they need rough surfaces to form, like the hair of Argyroneta aquatica. But this roughness makes the surface mechanically unstable and subtle to any small change in temperature, pressure, or tiny defect. But with a new method and a simple manufacturing technique, the team designed a surface from a commonly used and inexpensive material with a long-lasting plastron that kept the surface dry thousands of hours longer than previous experiments and even longer than the plastrons of living species. To prove the stability of the plastron, the researchers put the surface through the test-bending it, twisting it, hitting it with hot and cold water, and rubbing it with sand and steel. 5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Argyroneta aquatica. B．The potential threat to the existence of the Argyroneta aquatica. C．The effect of the Argyroneta aquatica in the water world. D．The dilemma of the Argyroneta aquatica facing to survive underwater. 6．What may Joanna Aizenberg approve of? A．The prospect of man-made materials taking place of natural ones. B．The necessity of measuring the advantages of developing creative surfaces. C．The significance of detecting the principles in animals to discover rare species. D．The benefit of observing nature and making full use of it to create new materials. 7．Why was it hard to produce a stable underwater plastron previously? A．Because of lack of raw materials. B．Since there was no example to follow. C．Due to the shortage of experimental experiences. D．Because the special surface makes it difficult to be stable. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Breath-catching Spider B．Staying-dry Plastron Underwater C．Innovations in Wildlife Protection D．Recognition of Copying Spider’s Role Passage 3 （23-24高二上·马鞍山二中·期末） Language is in a constant state of change. British English shows this clearly. Take the word “Cheerio!” for example. It has been a British way to say goodbye for more than a century, but it’s dying out as the English language evolves. These days, many young people simply say “laters”. Or take the word “marvelous”. At one time it was a common British word meaning “wonderful”, but over the last ten years it’s been overtaken by the American word “awesome”. So how and why do words come into and fall out of fashion? The influence of US culture is only one explanation for why popular words in British English may change or even stop being used over time. “Awesome” is a good example, but also “fortnight”, a term not used in the US, is now falling out of fashion in British English, and in some cases has been replaced by “two weeks”. New inventions also bring in new words. As old inventions are replaced by new ones, the words which described them also disappear and are replaced. So it’s out with the “Walkman” (a cassette player from the 80s) and in with MP4 players! Then there’s the influence of social media. Text messages and emails have reduced words for convenience, with something like ICYMI (“in case you missed it”) becoming words in their own right. Where “friend” was once a noun, we now “friend someone on Facebook” and where we used to “love” something, now we’re “loving it”! 9．In what situation do the British use “Cheerio!”? A．When they give thanks. B．When they ask for help. C．When they say goodbye. D．When they meet new friends. 10．What does the underlined word “evolves” mean? A．Returns. B．Develops. C．Follows. D．Falls. 11．Why does the writer talk about “Walkman”? A．To show its importance. B．To talk about its history. C．To describe how it came into being. D．To explain how some words are replaced. 12．What effect is social media having on language? A．It is changing the way that words are used. B．It is making language difficult to learn. C．It is bringing in many long words. D．It is making meanings clearer. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末） At the end of this century, the number of people in the world who are over 65 years old will be three times as many as now. As there won’t be enough young and healthy laborers (劳动者) to do hard physical work, we will need a lot of robots to keep our country going. The UK’s Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA) is investing (投资) £57million in next-generation robots for tasks typically performed by humans. ARIA isn’t the only one to think that robots will get much better. E l on Musk says his car company Tesla has almost finished making “really useful human-like robots”, and his final aim is to have a robot that can “walk your dog, look after your house, take care of your kids, and cook dinner.” Figure, a new company working with Open AI, has shown a video of its robot working on a BMW production line. Unitree, a Chinese company, sells a robot for $16,000 that can climb stairs and stay standing even if you push it hard. Even though robots have improved, the ones we use in factories now are often called “big, stupid, and dangerous”, and we need to put them in cages to be safe. To do jobs in places that are always changing, robots need to learn from what they do. For example, Google’s robot arms that use AI got better at their jobs by trying and learning from mistakes. As the idea of human -like robots is becoming more popular, start-ups are receiving significant investments. While achieving human-like skills in robots may take decades, easier jobs like watching over dangerous areas could be done by robots sooner. In the UK, robots are already delivering groceries and trying to pick strawberries. However, the robot social care is far from satisfying. The Japanese experience with robots like Pepper, designed for social care, led to complaints of increased workloads and being discontinued. Even so, the development of robots that can multitask and adapt to various tasks is seen as a potential supplement to the human workforce. 13．How does the author develop paragraph2? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By presenting assumptions. 14．What is the main disadvantage of current industrial robots? A．They are too complex to manage. B．They are too small to use. C．They are not intelligent enough. D．They are not energy-efficient. 15．What can be inferred about the robots in social care from the text? A．Their performance depends on human guidance. B．They have been widely used around the world. C．They are only suitable for simple tasks. D．Their service remains to be improved. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Robots B．ARIA’s Global Robot Project C．Developing Robots for Lack of Laborers D．Robots That Are Shaping the World Passage 5 （24-25高二上·芜湖一中·期末） Lots of people are concerned about the ability that artificial intelligence (AI) has to copy their voices. When AI is used to make false recordings of things that a person never said, it is called a “deepfake (深度伪造).” However, AI is helping people who can no longer speak, regain a version of their voice. 21-year-old Alexis Bogan used to love singing along with songs by her favorite musicians like Taylor Swift. She was a singer in her school music group as a teenager. But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking. Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to. Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI. She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. The app uses OpenAI’s voice tool. Programmers trained the app using a 15-second sound recording from a cooking video Bogan made as a teenager. Most of the video had cooking sounds, so that is all they could use. But it was enough. The doctors are working with other patients to gather voice samples, hoping to bring the app to other hospitals around the world. But right now, the app, called Voice Engine, is not publicly available. The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission. Other AI companies, however, are making their voice-cloning services available to entertainment companies or other organizations. Bogan believes the technology will progress over time so that when she is older, she does not have to depend on the voice she had as a teenager. She is excited that she is contributing to a change that will help people who are currently using robotic-sounding voices. 17．What happened to Bogan last year? A．She had difficulty singing with famous singers. B．She had a failure in the operation on her brain. C．She failed to make her school music group. D．She lost voice after a brain surgery. 18．How does Bogan use the app tool? A．By writing down her needs in her phone. B．By making a 15-second sound recording. C．By recording a cooking video of herself. D．By copying the sound of a teenager. 19．What should the users of Voice Engine do first? A．Gather voice samples from patients. B．Permit OpenAI to use their voices. C．Record robotic-sounding voice themselves. D．Provide voice-cloning services for companies. 20．What might be the best title for the text? A．AI Generates a New Voice B．AI Can Spot Deepfake Easily C．AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice D．AI Recognizes Your Voice Well Passage 6 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to cooperate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours. Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer. However, in my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it causes easy job-hopping. In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found that employees who engage in online social interactions with coworkers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative. In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections. These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions by creating social media groups in which employees will be more likely to work together and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about other job opportunities. Managers can use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions by recognizing employees’ achievements and giving visibility to employees’ success stories. 21．What does previous research about social media reveal? A．Most employees think positively of it. B．It improves employees’ work efficiency. C．It enables employees to form connections. D．Employees spend much of their work time on it. 22．What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions? A．It differs from employee to employee. B．It tends to vary with the platform used. C．It has much to do with whom employees interact with. D．It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders. 23．What problem was found with employees using social media for work? A．They seldom expressed their inner thoughts. B．Most of them explored new job opportunities. C．They were reluctant to cooperate with others. D．Many of them ended with lower productivity. 24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To clarify the definition of social media at work. B．To analyze the drawbacks of social media at work. C．To compare different functions of social media at work. D．To illustrate the proper application of social media at work. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） Climate change could lead to a net expansion of global forests. But will a more forested world actually be cooler? These are strange times for the Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders (牧人) of northern Siberia. In their lands on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, bare tundra (冻原) is melting, bushes are sprouting, and willows that a generation ago struggled to reach knee height now grow 3 meters tall, hiding the reindeer. Surveys show the Nenets autonomous district, an area the size of Florida, now has four times as many trees as official inventories recorded in the 1980s. All around the Arctic Circle, trees are invading as the climate warms. In Norway, birch and pine are marching pole ward, outshining the tundra. In Alaska, spruce are taking over from moss and lichen. Globally, recent research indicates forests are expanding along two-thirds of Earth’s 12,000-kilometer-long northern tree line — the point where forests give way to tundra — while becoming smaller along just 1%. Forest gains are not limited to the far north. At lower latitudes, some warmer, dry regions are also seeing a slight increase in trees, in part because increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) — the main planet-warming gas — are enabling plants to use water more efficiently and thrive in drier soils. And the fertilizing effects of CO2 are enabling existing forests to add more leaves and wood, increasing their biomass. It’s a surprisingly different picture from what is unfolding in the tropics, where hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest are lost each year to chainsaws (电锯) and fire, and climate change is stressing the remaining trees. But the effects of those tropical losses could be reduced by gains elsewhere, some studies predict, leading in the coming decades to a world with more and faster growing trees. That might seem like surprisingly good news for curbing global warming. Forests often have a cooling effect, releasing organic compounds and water vapor that promote the formation of clouds. And more, faster growing trees would absorb more atmospheric carbon and lock it away in wood. But the calculus of forests’ climate effects is far from straightforward, and emerging research suggests a more forested world won’t necessarily be a cooler world. New forests could enhance warming in some areas, for example, by reducing the amount of sunlight that is reflected into space. Over time, that could offset any gains in carbon absorption. “Forests are not just carbon sponges,” says environmental scientist Deborah Lawrence of the University of Virginia. 25．What may be the impact of climate change according to the passage? A．An increase in tundra area. B．A sharp decrease in bushes. C．An expansion of global forests. D．A decline in reindeer population. 26．What is the main reason for the increase in forest growth in warmer and dry regions? A．Intense sunlight. B．The effects of carbon dioxide. C．The melting of tundra. D．Sufficient rainfall. 27．What does the underlined word “curbing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Holding back. B．Setting off. C．Taking out. D．Picking up. 28．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Close Connection: Climate Change and Forest Expansion B．The Unexpected Impacts: Climate Change on Forest Expansion C．A More Forested World: The Solution to Global Warming D．Global Warming: A Trend toward Warmer Conditions Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期末） Phood is a green-minded urban farm and not-for-profit business based in Eindhoven, Netherlands. With a mission to make the most of positive impact on both the environment and society, Phood began as a food truck serving nutritious meals, but has since grown into a community farming project. It now produces sustainable (可持续的) food while supporting individuals facing social challenges and equipping them with tools to overcome challenges and transform them into positive outcomes. Phood’s philosophy focuses on reconnecting the city, nature, and people. As noted by Hactivist Guide, it transforms food production into a platform for personal engagement, emphasizing accessible community education and the benefits of working with nature. At the Phood Farm Picking Garden, community members can pick their own vegetables and receive discounts at the farm shop, which sells microgreens, mushrooms, kombucha, and oils. Located on a 1.5-acre plot, the farm grows seasonal vegetables, fruits and flowers, using sustainable practices. Participants learn about permaculture and aquaponics through hands-on workshops. The goal is to create a self-sustaining ecosystem that harmonizes human activity with nature, promoting regeneration rather than depletion (消耗). Beyond environmental goals, Phood supports social growth. It offers a supportive environment for those with conditions like ADHD and burnout. Participants work alongside trained supervisors, who provide guidance and tools such as Tai Chi to help them recover in a fast-paced world. This caring environment allows individuals to develop confidence, learn skills, and feel a sense of belonging. Phood views growth as a gradual process, much like growing plants. It provides encouragement, development opportunities, and a pressure-free space for all. Staff members report that participants often experience significant growth in self-confidence. Looking ahead, the organization hopes to establish a long-lasting food location nearby in which they will grow leafy greens for local households and restaurants, employ more young people, and assist other cities in developing urban farms. 29．What can be learned about Phood? A．It’s a delivery service. B．It develops from a farming project. C．It’s a restaurant chain. D．It promotes community involvement. 30．What does Phood do to benefit the society? A．It teaches people practical communication skills. B．It raises money for people in financial trouble. C．It educates the residents to make sensible food choices. D．It provides an encouraging environment for those struggling. 31．Which of the following is on Phood’s to-do list? A．To seek its expansion. B．To explore its impact. C．To find new partners. D．To sell local products. 32．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Green Farming: An Amazing Success Story B．Green Farming: An Innovative Solution for Agriculture C．Phood: Feeding the Community while Developing Sustainability D．Phood: Experimenting a New Approach to Removing Hunger 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $