核心素养测评（必修 　第一册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大一轮总复习

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解（推理判断、细节理解）和完形填空（词义辨析）核心考点，依据高考评价体系分析议论文（如“美德欺凌”）、记叙文（如骑行故事）的语篇结构，归纳推理判断（占比约50%）、细节理解（约30%）等常考题型，构建针对性备考体系。 课件亮点在于“真题实例解析+核心素养导向”，如以石家庄模拟阅读理解第2题“virtue bullying概念理解”为例，运用“原文定位+选项比对”法培养语言能力和思维品质，完形填空通过“上下文语境分析法”突破名词词义辨析（如第5题“workout”选择）。助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可精准教学，提升备考效率。

核心素养测评　(25分钟　25分) 四　必修 第一册　 Unit 3　Sports and Fitness Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分) (2025·石家庄模拟) Here’s something that’s surprisingly common: people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals, regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others—something which is surely neither moral nor noble. Isn’t this inconsistent? How can someone loudly insist they’re a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this, without mentally short-circuiting in some way? The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that, for want of a better label, we’ll call “virtue bullying”. 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ A lot of virtue bullying could be seen as virtual bullying, which is to say it’s a lot easier online.We’ve all seen Facebook posts that make some simple, morally solid claim, such as “I support victims of [the latest disaster]”, which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree.I bet 97 per cent of you won’t.” Such posts are basically saying, “I’m a good, moral person...and I’ll criticise you until you agree.” This isn’t the behaviour of a good person. But it’s not Internet-specific.Wanting to protect children is a good, moral aim, but consider all the books and shows banned or attacked in the US under the cover of protecting children.Indeed, throughout history, there have been many instances where individuals who considered themselves good and moral have committed terrible acts. 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ But why do good people treat others badly? Our brains work hard to enhance our self-esteem.A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others, so our status becomes relatively higher.So, thinking you’re good while attacking others can be a very instinctive process, sadly. For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making.We’re naturally protective of our identities and decision-making.If these things are rooted in morals and beliefs, we’ll be defensive towards anyone who poses a threat to them.This can lead to what seems to be inconsistent behaviours. Ultimately, for all the explanations offered here, it should be acknowledged that some people are just not nice.How you deal with such people is up to you. 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 【语篇属性】 语篇 类型 议论文 主题 语境 人与社会 语篇 内容 文章针对一个社会现象——“美德欺凌”进行了分析和讨论,提出了作 者的观点和看法,并通过论据(如网络上的例子、历史上的事件、心 理学研究等)来支持其观点 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 语篇 结构 Para.1 The prevalence of moral hypocrisy. Para.2 The paradox of self-proclaimed goodness. Para.3 Psychological and neurological justifications for “virtue bullying”. Para.4 The manifestation of virtue bullying in the virtual world. Para.5 The broader scope of virtue bullying beyond the Internet. Para.6 The psychological drive behind treating others poorly. Para.7 The defensive nature of moral identity. Para.8 Acknowledging the existence of unkind individuals. 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 【命题意图】 1.Why does the author raise questions in Paragraph 2? 第二段作者提出问题引出文章的讨论点。这道题目旨在考查读 者对作者在第二段提出问题的目的的理解。即人们如何能够在 宣扬道德理想和行为上完全相悖的情况下,不感到心理上的矛 盾。 2.What is virtue bullying? 第一段是关于美德欺凌这一现象的流行。这道题目考查读者对 “美德欺凌”这一概念的理解。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 3.What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others? 第六段是关于美德欺凌这一现象的心理动机。这道题 目旨在考查读者对2011年研究结果的理解。 4.What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making? 第七段是关于道德认同的防御本质。这道题目考查读 者对道德在我们自我形象和决策中的作用的理解。文 章中提到,道德是我们身份的关键部分,是决策的重要 因素,因此道德塑造了我们的自我形象和决策。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 1.Why does the author raise questions in Paragraph 2? A.To express his doubts. B.To present an assumption. C.To display a phenomenon. D.To introduce points for discussion. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段以及第三段可知,在第二段中,作者通过提出问题来引导读者思考一个矛盾的现象,即有人声称自己是好人但行为却与之相悖。这种提问方式旨在引入接下来要讨论的点,即为什么会出现这种不一致的行为,以及人们是如何在心理上处理这种矛盾的。因此,作者的目的是引出讨论点。故选D。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 2.What is virtue bullying? A.Advocating for noble causes online. B.Using moral ideals to justify mistreating others. C.Forcing others to agree with one’s moral claims. D.Attacking people who disagree with one’s moral beliefs. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及第四段可知,“Virtue bullying”指的是那些强烈倡导道德或崇高理想,但却经常用这些理想来为自己的攻击和虐待行为辩护的人。换句话说,他们利用道德或崇高的理念来为自己的不当行为寻找合理性,即使这些行为并不道德也不崇高。故选B。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 3.What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others? A.Attacking others boosts self-esteem. B.Self-esteem is linked with social status. C.People with higher social status attack others more often. D.Boosting self-esteem reduces the desire to attack others. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第六段可知,2011年的研究结果表明,攻击他人可以作为一种提升自尊的手段,同时指出这种行为背后的本能性。故选A。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 4.What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making? A.Morals vary with them. B.Morals threaten them. C.Morals shape them. D.Morals assess them. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making.(对于人类来说,道德是我们身份的一个重要方面,也是我们决策的一个重要因素。)”可知,道德“影响;决定”了我们的自我认知和决策过程。故选C。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) (2025·江西模拟) Every afternoon for the past 11 years, AI Merritt, 83 years old, has been a reliable and cheery presence in his southeast Carlsbad neighbourhood, California. His doctor suggested he get more 　5　 after he had some heart trouble about 12 years ago.AI started to 　6　 around the local road and hills.At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and 　7　 the length of his outings grew.  返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ Since 2010, Merritt has been on a personal 　8　 to cycle the circumference (周长) of the earth—24,901 miles without even leaving his own neighbourhood.　9　 , over the years, he got to know many of his neighbours and send them 　10　 of love and kindness.  “Every day I see him 　11　 on his bike.He is totally cheerful and takes time with everybody,” Keene said.“He gives us 　12　 and shows us how you can be in your 80s and still have a good time.”  It was not until October 24 that the old man finally realized his 　13　 bicycle trips were as important to them as they were to him.At 3 p.m.that Sunday afternoon, nearly 200 people 　14　 near his home to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his “round-the-world” adventure.  返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ As he rode down the hill towards his house, an 　15　 erupted from the crowd, who were 　16　 international flags and earth-shaped balloons.The outpouring of love 　17　 Merritt.  Although Merritt has now 　18　 his cycling goal, he has no plans to change the 　19　 that has become the highlight of his life.  【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了83岁的AI Merritt在加州卡尔斯巴德社区坚持骑行11年的故事。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 5.A.space　　 B.workout　 C.care　　　D.rest 【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:大约12年前,他患有心脏病,医生建议他多锻炼。space空间;workout锻炼;care关心;rest休息。根据下文“At first, his rides were about five miles long”可知,医生是建议他多锻炼。故选B。 6.A.walk B.wander C.travel D.pedal 【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:AI开始在当地的道路和山丘上骑行。walk步行;wander徘徊;travel旅行;pedal骑自行车前进。根据下文“At first, his rides were about five miles long”可知,Merritt开始骑行。故选D。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 7.A.roughly B.gradually C.thoroughly D.totally 【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意:起初,他的骑行距离大约是5英里,然后是10到12英里,渐渐地,他的骑行距离越来越长。roughly粗略地;gradually逐渐地;thoroughly彻底地;totally完全地。根据上文“At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles”和下文“the length of his outings grew”可知,此处是介绍Merritt骑行距离的增长,是从5英里发展到10到12英里,因此是渐渐地距离越来越长。故选B。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 8.A.pursuit B.version C.competence D.phenomenon 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:自2010年以来,Merritt一直在追求在不离开自己的社区的情况下绕地球一周24 901英里。pursuit追求;version版本;competence能力;phenomenon现象。根据下文“his cycling goal”可知,Merritt为自己设立了骑行的目标,因此是在追求骑行距离达到绕地球一周的24 901英里。故选A。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 9.A.By coincidence B.In particular C.As a consequence D.On the contrary 【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意:因此,多年来,他认识了许多邻居,并向他们传递了爱和善良的信息。By coincidence巧合地;In particular尤其;As a consequence因此;On the contrary相反地。根据上文“to cycle the circumference of the earth—24,901 miles without even leaving his own neighbourhood”可知,Merritt想在不离开自己的社区的情况下绕地球一周24 901英里,下文叙述的认识了许多邻居是这件事带来的结果,应用As a consequence“因此”衔接。故选C。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 10.A.message B.composition C.shape D.mixture 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:因此,多年来,他认识了许多邻居,并向他们传递了爱和善良的信息。message信息;composition组成;shape形状;mixture混合物。根据上文内容可知,过去11年以来,Merritt都是社区中可靠而愉快的存在,因此是向邻居们传递了爱和善良的信息。故选A。 11.A.turning out B.dropping by C.flying by D.taking in 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:每天我都看到他骑着自行车飞驰而过。turning out结果是;dropping by顺便访问;flying by飞过;taking in吸收。根据下文“on his bike”可推知,社区里的Keene是看到Merritt骑着自行车飞驰而过。故选C。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 12.A.celebration B.exception C.excuse D.inspiration 【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:他给了我们灵感,告诉我们如何在80多岁的时候还能玩得开心。celebration庆祝;exception例外;excuse借口;inspiration灵感。根据下文“shows us how you can be in your 80s and still have a good time”可知,Merritt让大家知道如何在80多岁的时候还能玩得开心,因此是给了大家灵感。故选D。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 13.A.annual B.daily C.monthly D.weekly 【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。annual每年的;daily每日的;monthly每月的;weekly每周的。根据上文“Every afternoon for the past 11 years, AI Merritt, 83 years old, has been a reliable and cheery presence in his southeast Carlsbad neighbourhood, California.”可知,Merritt每天下午都骑车,因此指每天的自行车之行。故选B。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 14.A.gathered B.exposed C.included D.restored 【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:那个星期天下午3点,将近200人聚集在他家附近,给他一个惊喜,祝贺他完成了他的“环球”冒险。gathered聚集;exposed暴露;included包含;restored恢复。根据下文“near his home to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his ‘round-the-world’ adventure”可推知,这将近200人是聚集在Merritt家附近,打算给他惊喜,祝贺他完成了冒险。故选A。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 15.A.apology B.emotion C.explosion D.applause 【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:当他骑车下山回家时,人群中爆发出掌声,他们挥舞着国际旗帜和地球形状的气球。apology道歉;emotion情感;explosion爆炸;applause掌声。根据上文“to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his ‘round-the-world’ adventure”可知,这些人是打算给他惊喜,祝贺他完成了冒险,因此会爆发出掌声。故选D。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 16.A.handing B.releasing C.waving D.chasing 【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:当他骑车下山回家时,人群中爆发出掌声,他们挥舞着国际旗帜和地球形状的气球。handing递交;releasing释放;waving挥舞;chasing追逐。根据上文“to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his ‘round-the-world’ adventure”可知,这些人是打算给他惊喜,祝贺他完成了冒险,因此会挥舞旗帜和气球。故选C。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 17.A.discouraged B.astonished C.confused D.panicked 【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:爱的流露让Merritt大吃一惊。discouraged使气馁;astonished使惊讶;confused使困惑;panicked使恐慌。根据上文可知,这些人是悄悄地给他惊喜,对他表示祝贺,因此这份爱的流露会让事先不知道的Merritt感到吃惊。故选B。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 18.A.dragged B.called C.achieved D.returned 【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管Merritt现在已经实现了他的骑行目标,但他没有计划改变已经成为他生活亮点的这一日常惯例。dragged拖动;called呼叫;achieved实现;returned返回。根据上文“congratulate him on the completion of his ‘round-the-world’ adventure”可知,Merritt现在已经实现了他的骑行目标。故选C。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ 19.A.routine B.regulation C.advantage D.impression 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管Merritt现在已经实现了他的骑行目标,但他没有计划改变已经成为他生活亮点的这一日常惯例。routine惯例;regulation规则;advantage优势;impression印象。根据第一段可知,每天下午Merritt都会在社区中骑自行车,因此指已经成为他生活亮点的这一日常惯例。故选A。 返回 Ⅱ Ⅰ $