内容正文:
Unit 2 Saving the Earth
Topic2 All these problems are very serious
Section A
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
Learning aims:
1. Learn some new words and phrases: sand, sandstorm, desert, although, change into, human being, stop...from...
2. Learn some useful sentences:
(1)As a result, a lot of rich land changed into desert.
(2)Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
3. Know the importance of trees.
4. Cultivate students’ awareness of caring for nature.
Review:What pollution do we have learned in topic 1?
Pollution will cause many serious problems.
air pollution
light pollution
litter
water pollution
soil pollution
noise pollution
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
What kind of weather is it?
It’s a kind of storm caused by sand.
sandstorm
Lead in
Do you know how sandstorms come into being?
你知道沙尘暴是怎么形成的吗?
rainstorm
snowstorm
4
Long time ago, there were lots of trees and forests. But human beings needed some wood to build houses and do other things, so they cut down the trees day by day.
cut down
many trees
5
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
forests gone
wash the earth away
The rain washed the earth away.The forests have gone.
6
A lot of rich land has changed into desert because people have cut down too many trees.
change into desert
转换成,变成
沙漠
7
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
sandstorms
As a result, the sandstorms come into being.
8
给沙尘暴的形成过程排序
3 Do you know how sandstorms come into being?
4
1
5
wash the earth away
many trees
change into desert
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
6
2
forests gone
sandstorms come into being
cut down trees
9
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
Kangkang, Maria and Jane are talking in a room. What are they talking about ?
The boy and girls are talking about ___________.
different types of sandstorms
the reasons for sandstorms
sandstorms in different cities
1b Listen to 1a and choose the best answer.
B
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
Listen to 1a and fill in.
What is the weather like? It’s _____.The wind is blowing strongly.
2. What causes these sandstorms? People have____ ____ too many trees.
3. How can trees affect the weather? (1)Trees can ______ the wind_______ blowing the earth away.
(2) A lot of water can ____ ________by forests.
(3) Trees can prevent the water from ________ the earth ______.
bad
cut down
stop from
be saved
washing
away
1c Read 1a and complete trees'functions.
B. A lot of water can be saved by forests
A. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
C.They can also stop the water from washing the earth away.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
(Kangkang, Maria and Jane are talking in a room. The wind outside is blowing strongly.)
Maria: What a strong wind!
Kangkang: Yes. But it’s better than the last few years.
There were sandstorms before.
While I was walking down the street,
I couldn’t see anything. The sand really hurt my face.
Maria: Why was the weather so bad?
Jane : People cut down too many trees.
As a result, a lot of rich land changed into desert.
Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
14
Kangkang: And a lot of water can be saved by forests.
Jane: Trees can also stop the water from washing the earth away.
Maria: Cutting down trees affects the weather so much.
Kangkang: Yes. It is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.
Although there were sandstorms before,
now we have built “The Green Great Wall”.
Our environment has become much better.
15
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
16
2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given phrases in the box.
as a result, change into, do something, stop…from, blow…away
1. People have cut down such a large number of trees that the land
______________desert.
2. There are fewer trees left, so the wind always _______the earth ________.
3. Air pollution has become a serious problem, so we must______________
to reduce it.
4. we should try our best to ______ people ______ cutting down the trees.
5. In the future, human beings can protect the trees well.
_____________, animals will live a happy life in the forest.
has changed into
blows away
do something
stop from
As a result
17
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
4 A. Listen to the passage and circle the phrases you hear.
become weaker
destroy the environment
disappear rapidly
on the earth
enough bamboo to eat
4 B. Listen again and fill in the blanks.
1. Now some kinds of animals are becoming
______ ______ _______.
2. Some animals are_____ ______ ____dying out completely.
3. In the past, pandas lived a quiet life and had
________ ______food.
4. Humans have _____ _____ ______________ the importance of protecting animals.
5. We should ______ ______ ____to protect them.
do our best
in danger of
plenty of
come to understand
fewer and fewer
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
Key points:
1. While I was walking down the street , I couldn’t see anything.
(1) when 表示 “当......时候” + 延续性v./短暂性v.
while 表示 “当......时候” 只能 + 延续性v.
eg. We were watching TV __________ the light went out.
____________ we were watching TV, the light went out.
(2) while 有“尽管”之意 = although/though, 放在句首
eg. _____________ she is a top student, she has some shortcoming.
(3)while “然而” ,表对比。
eg. He is tall and thin _________ I am short and heavy.
when
When/While
While/Though/Although
while
2. A lot of rich land has changed into desert..
change... into = turn... into 把......变成......
eg. She is waiting for the traffic lights to __________ green..
3. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
(1). stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
= prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
= keep sb. from doing sth. (keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事)
eg. The heavy rain has prevented us from _______ (go) there.
The heavy rain _________ (stop) taxi drivers from ________(drive) too fast and carelessly last night.
going
stopped
driving
change into/
turn into
21
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
(2). 辨析earth;soil;ground;land
earth
(相对于天空、海洋而言的)地面,地球,泥土
soil
土地、土壤,尤指生长植物的土地。
ground
地、地面, 主要指大地表面,泥地/沙地或水泥地
land
陆地,土地,田地,国土
4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.
cutting down trees是________词短语在句子中作______语,谓语用______数。
练习:1)散步是我的爱好。
Walking ______(be) my hobby.
2)打乒乓球很有意思。
Playing ping-pong ____(be) great fun.
3)阅读使人完美。
Reading _______(make) a man perfect.
cut down “砍倒” 代词放中间(代中原则)
eg. Trees are useful to us. We shouldn’t ___________.
A. cut down them B. cut down it C. cut it down D. cut them down
In the past, people ______________ .
A. cut down trees B. cut trees down
动名
主
单
is
makes
is
D
A/B
23
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
及时练习2
1. 纵然我失败了,我还是要尝试。
________________ I fail, I shall try again.
2. 尽管他累了,还帮我干活。
______ _________ he was tired, he helped me with my work.
Though/Although
Even if/
Even though
24
6. People have cut down such a large number of trees that the land has changed into desert.
a number of “许多” (修饰主语,谓语当做复数)
the number of “......的数量” (作主语,谓语用单数)
用what’s 来提问,用large/small来修饰。
eg. A number of students __________ (have) the same problem.
The number of the students in our school ______ (be) over 3,000.
及时练习3
1. ______ wild animals around is becoming smaller and smaller.
A. The number of B. A number of C. The numbers of D. Number of
2. — _____ the number os the books in our library?
—Over 5,000 copies.
A. How many is B. What are B. How much is D. What is
3. A number of students ______________ (plant) trees in the hill now.
have
is
A
D
are planting
25
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
7. …I couldn’t see anything.
…we still need to do something to protect the environment.
1).anything_______;
something________________
链接:-body/ -where
任何事
一些事,某些事
不定代词和副词
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
-one
-body
-thing
some-
any-
every-
no-
一、分类
1.复合不定代词
someone
somebody
something
anyone
anybody
anything
everyone
everybody
everything
no one / none
nobody
nothing
2、表示“三三两两”的不定代词
指两人或两物 指三者或三者以上的人或物
每一个
任何一个
另一个
都
都不
each
every
either
any
(the) other
another
both
all
neither
none/no one
词义
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
3. 其他不定代词
some, any
few, a few, little, a little
many, much
one, several
4.不定副词
somewhere, everywhere, nowhere, anywhere
二、用法
肯定句 否定或疑问句 通用
指人
指物
someone
somebody
everyone
everybody
anyone
anybody
everyone
everybody
nobody
no one
something
everything
anything
everything
nothing
1.基本用法
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
(1)当希望得到肯定答复,或表建议、请求时, something, somebody, someone也可以用于疑问句中。
Would you like something to drink?
(2)anything, anybody, anyone 用于肯定句时,意为: “任何人;任何事物
Anybody can do it except Tom.
注意:
2. 形容词, 不定式或else修饰不定代词,要放在后面。
eg: I have something important to tell you.
I want something to drink.
I don’t know anything else about it.
3.不定代词作主语时谓语动词要用单数。
eg: Nobody ___ in the classroom.
Something ___ wrong with your bike.
is
is
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
4. nothing ,nobody, none, no one, nowhere
等本身具有否定意义, 表示全否定。
Nothing is impossible.
Nobody likes it.
everything, everybody, everyone等用于否定句中, 则表示部分否定。(主语否定或谓语否定)
eg: Not everybody likes it.
Not everything goes well.
5.在反意疑问句中,
表示人的不定代词作主语,主语用 they 或 he;
指物的, 主语用it.
Everyone is here, ___________________?
Everything goes well,__________?
aren’t they (isn’t he)
doesn’t it
Nobody in our class can stop him from talking, __________?
Everything in this house is new, ______?
Everyone in this school should wear school uniforms,__________________?
can he/they
isn’t it
shouldn’t he/they
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
6. both & neither
(1)both表示“两者都…” ,置于be 后, 实情助前。
Both可用来修饰名词或代词,
both of +名词复数或代词(宾格)的复数
注意:如果名词或代词前有限定词,则用both of …
他们俩都会下象棋。
They _____ ______play chess.
= ______ ____them can play chess.
我们俩英语考试都及格了。
We both passed the English exam.
= Both of us passed the English exam.
我父母都是工程师。
My parents are both engineers.
= Both of my parents are engineers.
both can
Both of
both & neither
(2)neither 表示“两者都不…”,谓语动词为单数。
父母都不关心这个孩子。
Neither parent cares about the child.
这两把笔都不是我的。
Neither of the pens is mine.
他们俩都没去过纽约。
Neither of them has been to New York.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
6. all & none
(1) all 表示“三者或三者以上都…”,置于be 后, 实情助前。
所有的无家可归者都已经重返工作岗位了。
All of the homeless have returned to work.
The homeless all have returned to work.
我们都习惯当地的交通。
All of us are used to the local traffic.
We are all used to the local traffic.
所有的措施都效果良好。
All of the measures work well.
= The measures all work well.
(2)none
表示“三者或三者以上都不…”,
常用“none of…”
none of + [c]n. pl 谓语用复数或单数都可
none of + [u]n. 谓语用单数
没有一个措施是有用的。
None of the measures is / are useful.
没有一滴水是干净的。
None of the water is clean.
他们没有人喜欢滑雪。
None of them likes / like skiing.
我不认识他们任何一个。
I know none of them.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
10. either
(1) either…or…
不是这对双胞胎,就是汤姆正在表演。
Either the twins or Tom is acting.
(2) either of sth.
either of + [c]n. pl (谓语动词为单数)
这两种办法都解决这个问题。
Either of the methods solves the problem.
(两者之中)任一的
11. other, others, another
one….the other: 两者中的另一个
I have two pens, one is red, and the other is blue.
some….others:一些……另一些
We are cleaning our classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, others are cleaning the window.
another: 另一个,再一个(三个以上)
I don’t like this dress. Please show me another one.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
三、区别
1. no one VS none
(1) no one-----只能指人,不能与of 连用,谓语动词单三 。
没有人知道怎么解决这个问题。
No one knows how to solve the problem.
没有人去过那里。
No one has been there.
注意:对“no one”提问通常用“who”.
Who knows how to solve the problem?
Who has been there?
(2) none-----指人/物;可与of连用,对“none”提问用“How many/much”.
None of the boys will go there.
None of the water is clean.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
2. everyone VS every one
everyone表示“每人,人人,大家”,= everybody,
只指人不指物,不接of短语,强调整体,作主语时
谓语动词用单数。
Everyone knows him ,___________________?
every one表示“每一个,人人,每个人”,既可指人,
又可指物,可接of短语,强调个体。
Every one of us likes English.
His books are wonderful. I have read every one of them.
He washed every one of the apples.
(指人)
(指物)
(指物)
don’t they/doesn’t he
3.nobody,no one, nothing只能单独使用,不与of 连用.
Nobody / No one can speak French.
=None of them can speak French.
4. nothing 回答what 问句;
nobody, no one 回答Who问句;
none 回答How many/How much 问句
What’s in the room?
---Nothing.
Who is in the room?
---Nobody./No one.
How many people are there in the room?
---None.
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,跨文化交际需录制播客能有效加快阅读速度。教育专家建议,学习日常谚语能有效增强动机。克服学习障碍,参与线上交流能有效理解文化差异。打好英语基础,进行速读训练能有效发展批判思维。高效学习英语,整理错题笔记能有效激发学习兴趣。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。课堂观察发现,学习固定搭配能有效加快阅读速度。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。
5.each VS every
each 强调 “个别”, 可单独使用也可以
跟of 短语结构,作主语、宾语和同位语;
every 修饰单数名词,强调整体,只当定语。
每个学生都有一本词典。
Each student has a dictionary.
每个人都应该为教育做贡献。
Each of us should make a contribution to education.
这儿的每个男孩都喜欢踢足球。
Every boy here likes football.
There are many trees on ______ side of the lake.
_______ side of the road.
each
every
Summary
We learn:
1. Some words: sand, although
2. Some phrases: change into, human being
3. Some sentences:
(1) As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.
(2) Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
We can:
1. Use the indefinite pronoun and adverb.
2. Talk about the sandstorm and its harm.
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