期末重点语法复习讲义 情态动词- 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

情态动词 情态动词 用法 本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起构成谓语 无人称和数的变化 直接构成否定句和一般疑问句 结构 肯定句 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它部分 e.g. Mike can speak Chinese and English. 否定句 主语+情态动词+ not +动词原形+其它部分 e.g. Mike cannot speak Chinese or English. 一般疑问句 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它部分？ e.g. Can Mike speak Chinese and English? 情态动词 can 表能力 表请求或允许 表推测 can的过去式 can’t may 表请求或征求对方的许可 表推测 may not must 表“必须”（与have to区别） 表推测 mustn’t should 表义务，责任 表推测 情态动词的问答 一、概述 情态动词本身有一定的词义，情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面需要接动词原形才能充当谓语。没有人称和数的变化。常见情态动词有may,might,can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,need dare,ought to。 二、句型结构 1.肯定句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它部分e.g. Mike can speak Chinese and English. 2.否定句:主语+情态动词+ not +动词原形+其它部分e.g. Mike cannot speak Chinese or English. 3.一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它部分? 肯定回答:Yes ，主语+情态动词 否定回答:No ，主语+情态动词+not Can Mike speak Chinese and English? Yes, he can. / No, he can't. 三、常见的情态动词的具体用法 用法 例句 can 表示能力(如体力方面或脑力方面)，意为“能够；会” I can play the piano. 表示请求或允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以” Can I have a look at your new pen? can't 表示推测，意为“可能” Scotland can be very warm in September. 意为“不能够；不会；不可以；不可能” He can't be at home now. could 有两种用法，一种为can的过去式；一种用在一般疑问句中，表达更客气，委婉的语气 Could you please do me a favor? may 表示请求或允许，意为“可以；能” May I go now? 表示推测，意为“也许；有可能” She may go to Shanghai next week. may not 意为“不可以；未必” He may not come here tomorrow. must 表示命令，意为“必须” You must talk to them about their study. 表示推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句 He must be ill. He looks so pale. mustn't 意为“禁止；不允许” You mustn't leave here. should 表示义务和责任。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做） You should be polite to your teachers. 表示推测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计” They should be home by now. 四、情态动词的问答 1.can/may 提问，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+ can/may.” ，否定回答用“No, 主语+ can’t/ may not / mustn't.” . e.g.-Can I ask your phone number? Yes, you can. / No, you can't. May I take the book with me? _Yes, you may. / No, you may not / mustn’t. 2.must 提问，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+ must.” ，否定回答用“No, 主语+ needn't/don't have to.” . e.g.-Must I finish the work now? Yes, you must. / No, you needn't / don't have to. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、can/could 的用法 表示能力、许可和可能性。 选择题 1. —______ you speak Japanese? —No, I can't. ( ) A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should 答案：A 解析：根据答语"No, I can't"可知问句是询问能力，用can。 2. —______ Sue paint pictures well? —Yes, she can. ( ) A. Is B. Does C. Can D. Are 答案：C 解析：根据答语"Yes, she can"可知问句是询问能力，用can。 3. I can speak English, but I ______ speak French. ( ) A. do B. can't C. don't D. can 答案：B 解析：前半句表示能说英语，后半句用can't表示不会说法语。 4. —Can you come to my home this Saturday? —I'm not sure. I ______ go to the doctor. ( ) A. might B. must C. should D. can 答案：A 解析：根据"I'm not sure"可知是不确定的推测，用might表示可能性。 二、may/might 的用法 表示许可和可能性。 选择题 5. —Why doesn't Daniel come to the party? —I'm not sure. He ______ be busy with his work. ( ) A. should B. may C. should not D. may not 答案：B 解析：根据"I'm not sure"可知是不确定的推测，用may表示可能性。 6. —Can you come to my home this Saturday? —I'm not sure. I ______ go to the doctor. ( ) A. might B. must C. should D. can 答案：A 解析：根据"I'm not sure"可知是不确定的推测，用might表示可能性。 三、must 的用法 表示义务、必要性和肯定推测。 选择题 7. You ______ speak quietly and follow the rules in the library. ( ) A. may B. would C. can D. must 答案：D 解析：在图书馆必须小声说话并遵守规则，用must表示必须。 8. —Whose book is it? —It ______ be David's, because his name is on it. ( ) A. might B. must C. can't D. needn't 答案：B 解析：根据"because his name is on it"可知是肯定推测，用must。 9. Sandy, you ______ play with knives. It's too dangerous. ( ) A. may B. can C. mustn't D. needn't 答案：C 解析：玩刀子太危险，用mustn't表示禁止。 四、should/shall 的用法 表示建议、义务和征求意见。 选择题 10. The room is very dirty, so we ______ clean it quickly before our guests come. ( ) A. should B. can C. needn't D. mustn't 答案：A 解析：房间很脏，在客人来之前应该打扫，用should表示应该。 11. —______ we take Mary to the park today? —I don't think it is a good idea. ( ) A. Shall B. Do C. May 答案：A 解析：征求对方意见用"Shall we..."句型。 五、need 的用法 表示需要。 选择题 12. You ______ be shy. You are good at so many things. ( ) A. may not B. mustn't C. needn't D. can't 答案：C 解析：根据"你擅长很多事情"可知不必害羞，用needn't表示不必。 13. Simon ______ buy the tickets for the concert because his sister has bought them. ( ) A. needn't B. doesn't need C. needn't to D. doesn't have 答案：A 解析：姐姐已经买了票，所以不必再买，用needn't表示不必。 六、would/will 的用法 表示意愿、请求和习惯。 选择题 14. —______ you like to go shopping with me this Sunday? —Yes, I'd love to. ( ) A. Can B. May C. Will D. Would 答案：D 解析：表示邀请用"Would you like to..."句型。 七、ought to 的用法 表示应该。 选择题 15. You ______ loudly in the library, or you will bother other readers. ( ) A. ought not speak B. ought not to speak C. not ought to speak D. ought not speaking 答案：B 解析：不应该在图书馆大声说话，用ought not to do sth表示不应该做某事。 八、have to 的用法 表示客观必要。 选择题 16. —I can't stop smoking, doctor. —For your health, I'm afraid you ______. ( ) A. may B. have to C. can D. need 答案：B 解析：为了健康，不得不戒烟，用have to表示客观必要。 17. It's warm. You ______ to wear your coat. ( ) A. must B. don't have C. have D. don't have to 答案：B 解析：天气暖和，不必穿外套，用don't have to表示不必。 九、had better 的用法 表示最好做某事。 选择题 18. You'd ______ go to bed early. ( ) A. better to B. best to C. better D. best 答案：C 解析：你最好早点睡觉，用had better do sth结构，better后直接加动词原形。 19. —You'd better ______ too much candy. —Yes. I know they are not good. Thank you. ( ) A. not eating B. not eat C. not to eat 答案：B 解析：你最好不要吃太多糖果，用had better not do sth结构。 十、用所给单词正确形式填空 填空题 20. —Could you please ______ (not say) bad words about our hero Zheng Qinwen? —Sorry, I won't. 答案：not say 解析：情态动词could后接动词原形，否定形式在动词原形前加not。 21. She can ______ (listen) to music in the hall every Friday. 答案：listen 解析：情态动词can后接动词原形。 22. For example, you must ______ (say) Mr or Mrs when you meet someone for the first time. 答案：say 解析：情态动词must后接动词原形。 23. You can't ______ (play) them after dinners. 答案：play 解析：情态动词can't后接动词原形。 24. How will we ______ (celebration) my father's birthday? 答案：celebrate 解析：will后接动词原形，celebration的动词形式是celebrate。 25. Follow your heart. I'm sure you will ______ at last. (success) 答案：succeed 解析：will后接动词原形，success的动词形式是succeed。 26. We must ______ (get) to their school before half past seven. 答案：get 解析：情态动词must后接动词原形。 四、答案速查表 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 A 14 D 2 C 15 B 3 B 16 B 4 A 17 B 5 B 18 C 6 A 19 B 7 D 20 not say 8 B 21 listen 9 C 22 say 10 A 23 play 11 A 24 celebrate 12 C 25 succeed 13 A 26 get 五、核心语法要点总结 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面需要接动词原形。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 常见情态动词及用法： can/could：表示能力、许可和可能性 may/might：表示许可和可能性 must：表示义务、必要性和肯定推测 should/shall：表示建议、义务和征求意见 need：表示需要 would/will：表示意愿、请求和习惯 ought to：表示应该 have to：表示客观必要 had better：表示最好做某事 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其它部分 一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它部分? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $