Unit 1 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦限制性定语从句中关系代词that/which的选择及介词搭配，通过美文诵读呈现含定语从句的语篇实例，引导学生先感知再经语法体悟分析句中从句，衔接前期基础定语从句知识，构建“感知-分析-归纳”的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合“人与社会”主题语境，如钟楼鼓楼介绍、毛笔文化说明文等语篇，将语法学习与文化意识培养结合。通过即时训练和语篇填空提升语言能力与思维品质，帮助学生在语境中掌握语法，教师可借助系统讲练和文化渗透提升教学效果。

UNIT 1　CULTURAL HERITAGE 主题语境 人与社会 —— 物质文化遗产 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练 (Discovering Useful Structures) 限制性定语从句(3) 美文诵读 Jady，whose paintings were shown at the exhibition yesterday，is an excellent student ①who is often praised for her good conduct at school．The moment we stepped into the exhibition hall，we were impressed by a very large picture．The horse ②which/that was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse．The man ③who was riding on it looked like a living man．It was the best picture ④that I had ever seen，and I should say Jady is the best young painter ⑤that I have ever heard of．The exhibition was truly a feast for the eyes． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 语法体悟 ①为 who(先行词是an excellent student)引导的限制性定语从句； ②为which/that(先行词是the horse)引导的限制性定语从句； ③为who(先行词是the man)引导的限制性定语从句； ④为that(先行词是the best picture)引导的限制性定语从句； ⑤为that(先行词是the best young painter)引导的限制性定语从句。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 一、关系代词that，which的选择 (一)只用that的情况 1．当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything 等不定代词时。 There is nothing that we can do now． 现在我们什么也做不了。 2．当先行词被the only，the last，the very 等修饰时。 This is the very book that I want． 这正是我想要的书。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself． 当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。 4．当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 Don't trust the first sign that you see． 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 5．当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school． 我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。 6．当主句的主语是疑问词which时。 Which is the car that you bought last week? 哪辆车是你上周买的？ 7．当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be． 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) (二)只用which的情况 1．当先行词是that时。 The clock is that which tells the time． 钟是显示时间的。 2．关系代词前有介词时。 It was a crisis for which she was totally unprepared． 这是一场她完全没有防备的危机。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 即时训练1 用that或which填空 ①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____ live within the Giant Panda Range． ②This is one of the most exciting football games ____ I have ever seen． ③This is the only thing ____ we can discuss now． ④The scientist and his achievements ____ you told me about are admired by us all． ⑤That _____ does not kill us makes us stronger． that that that that which 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 二、关系代词作动词的间接宾语时需要使用的介词 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，通常需要用to或for，这两个介词与从句的动词构成习惯搭配。 The girl that Tom gave the dictionary to is very pretty．(give sth．to sb．) 汤姆给她字典的那个女孩很可爱。 I know the boy whom you bought a white hat for．(buy sth．for sb．) 我认识你给他买白帽子的那个男孩。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) [名师点津]　在正式文体中，介词位于作间接宾语的关系代词之前。 He is the man to whom I handed my application form． 他就是我把申请表交给的那个男子。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 三、关系代词作介词的宾语 关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom。介词的选用情况如下： 1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。 先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？ 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。 The social problem about which the two sides are debating with each other is a very serious one．(debate with sb．about...就……与某人展开辩论) 双方正在展开辩论的社会问题是一个很严重的社会问题。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 3．根据句子的意思确定介词。 有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 This is the book about which you have talked to me． 这是你曾经向我谈起的那本书。 This is the book on the cover of which there is a map of China． 这是封面上有张中国地图的那本书。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) [名师点津]　有些以介词结尾的动词短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。此时关系代词可省略。 The doctor (that/whom) you sent for has not come． 你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。 This is the baby (whom/that) you will look after． 这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 即时训练2 用适当的关系词或介词填空 ①Is this the car ___ which you paid a high price? ②Copper is one of the metals ____ which we are most familiar． ③This is the pilot with ______ my brother has worked for ten years． ④Maria has written two novels，both of _____ have been made into television series． ⑤The death of his son was an experience ____ which he never fully recovered． for with whom which from 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 课时提升作业(二)　(UNIT 1　Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world ___ got into space． 2．Mr．Alexander is the professor for _____ I have the greatest respect． (建议用时：45分钟　总分：91.5分) that whom 3．Last year the scientist did all ___ she could to help the poor children in the mountain village． 4．This is the most interesting way ____ I can come up with to interact with the students． 5．She and her family bicycle to work，_____ helps them keep fit． 6．I spent my whole summer holiday in the countryside，_____ I saw the green mountains． that that which where 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 7．I bought all the food in the shop，most of _______ was given out to the poor． 8．Self-driving is an area in _____ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line． 9．I think I can understand the reason _____ he didn't tell the truth to me． 10．He had made great progress with _____ the boss was very satisfied． which which why which 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅱ．完成句子(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分) 1．我们应该把钱花在对每个人都有帮助的事情上。 We should spend the money on something ________________________ ________． 2．对这次活动感兴趣的人可在6月15日前报名。 ________________________________can sign up before June 15． that will be helpful to Those who are interested in the activity everyone 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 3．我渴望参加将于下星期在学校报告厅举行的活动。 I long to take part in the activity ___________________in the lecture hall next week． 4．你在这次活动之前做了充分的准备，这是你来这里的最重要的原因。 You have a full preparation before this event，_____________________ __________________ you show up here． which/that will be held which is the most important reason why 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 5．我把我的成功归功于我的社会老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。 I owe my success to my social teacher _________________________on the road to writing． 6．母亲通常是为家庭提供情感支持的人。 Mothers are often the ones ___________________________________． 7．老师是我们可以向他们寻求建议的人。 Teachers are those ______________________________． who is a lighthouse in my life who provide emotional support for the family to whom we can turn for any advice 8．我读的第一本英文小说是《老人与海》。 ___________________________ was The Old Man and the Sea． The first English novel that I read 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅲ．语法填空(共7小题；每小题1.5分，满分10.5分) In Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn，the friendship 1．___________ forms between Huck Finn and Jim is an important theme of the book，though they appear to be an unlikely pair．Huck is a poor white boy 2．_____ father often beats him，while Jim is a black slave 3．_________ longs to be free． which/that whose who/that 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) One day，Huck runs away from home to an island．There he meets Jim and makes friends with him．Then they leave the island together on a raft 4．___________ they find on the Mississippi River．They head north to Illinois，a state 5．__ which Jim can become free．The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers． which/that in 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) In the end，Huck decides that Jim is a friend 6．_______________ he needs and values，and refuses to give him up．From this story we can see that friends are people 7．_________ support you through thick and thin． that/who/whom who/that 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共3小题；每小题2.5分，满分7.5分) Lying on the north-south axis (轴线) line of Beijing City，the Bell and Drum Towers were built in 1272 and rebuilt twice after two fires．In one period in history，they were the time-telling center of the capital city during the Yuan，Ming and Qing Dynasties． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) The Bell Tower The Bell Tower is 47.9 meters high．This brick-and-stone-made building has two floors．Located on the second floor，the bell is the largest and heaviest in China．It is 7.02 meters high，with a weight of 63 tons (吨)．It was made of copper (铜)，and you can hear its clear sound from far away． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) The Drum Tower Standing 91 meters south to the Bell Tower，it was placed on a 4-meter-high stone and brick groundwork．It is 46.7 meters high．It is a two floor wooden building．There was one big drum and 24 smaller ones before，but only the big one remains now． On New Year's Eve 1990,the bell was rung again and the drum was rung on New Year's Eve 2001 after being silent for so long．Since then，the drum and the bell have sounded 108 times every New Yea's Eve． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) How to get to the Bell and Drum Towers By Subway： 1．Take Subway Line 8 and get off at Shichahai Station． 2．Take Subway Line 2 and get off at Guloudajie Station． By Bus： 1．Take Bus 5，60，82，107，124，or 635 and get off at Gulou (The Drum Tower) Station． 2．Take the Sightseeing Bus 3 and get off at Gulou (Houhai) Station． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ticket Price: The Bell Tower: CNY 15; The Drum Tower: CNY 20 Ticket for both places: CNY 30 Opening Hours：09: 00 to 17: 00 Drum Performances at the Drum Tower：09: 30，10: 00，11: 30，13: 30，14: 30，15: 30，16: 45 Note: An extra performance is at 17: 15 in high season． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了北京的钟楼、鼓楼的基本信息，以及前往的方式、票价和开放时间。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 1．What do we know about the Drum Tower? A．The Drum Tower is a little bit higher than the Bell Tower． B．In all there are twenty-five old drums now． C．Drums are beaten every hour on the hour． D．There are 8 drum performances in total in high season． √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) D　[细节理解题。根据文章末尾的“Drum Performances at the Drum Tower：09：30，10：00，11：30，13：30，14：30，15：30，16：45”和“Note: An extra performance is at 17: 15 in high season．”可知，平时鼓楼的鼓乐表演有7场，旺季时会加一场，所以旺季时总共有8场鼓乐表演。故选D。] 2．What is this text? A．A travel brochure．　 B．An introduction to a building． C．A historical story．　 D．An advertisement for an activity． √ A　[推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了北京的钟楼、鼓楼的基本信息，以及前往的方式、票价和开放时间，由此可推知，文章属于旅游手册。故选A。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 3．What do the Bell and Drum Towers have in common? A．Their tickets cost the same．　 B．They have the same number of floors． C．Their heights are the same．　 D．They are both made of brick and wood． √ B　[细节理解题。根据The Bell Tower部分第二句“This brick-and-stone-made building has two floors．”以及The Drum Tower部分第三句“It is a two floor wooden building．”可知，钟楼和鼓楼都是两层的建筑。故选B。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气)．Start of Winter(立冬)，the 19th solar term of the year，means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should be stored up． 1 ． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Eating dumplings A legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty，“Medical Saint”Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan Province around Start of Winter．He cooked mutton，hot peppers and herbs to drive away the cold and increase body heat．He wrapped these ingredients into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape，which became known as “dumpling”． 2 ． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Nourishing the winter(补冬) On the first day of Start of Winter，there is a custom，“nourishing the winter”，in South-east China． 3 ，people there like to eat high-calorie food such as chicken，beef，mutton，and fish，which are usually stewed (炖)with Chinese medicines to strengthen the effectiveness of the nourishment． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Eating Chinese pumpkins In Tianjin，on the first day of Start of Winter，people eat dumplings stuffed with Chinese pumpkins (wogua)． 4 ．Generally，the pumpkins are bought in the summer and stored until the Start of Winter． Eating tuanzi On the first day of Start of Winter，some people of Southern China have a custom of eating tuanzi，a kind of traditional Chinese food made with rice． 5 ．And the tuanzi made by the newly-harvested crops tastes delicious． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) A．To celebrate Start of Winter B．It is a common vegetable in North China C．To prepare for the oncoming cold winter D．Most rural residents make tuanzi by themselves E．Here are things you should know about Start of Winter F．At this time，the autumn grain crops have just been sold on the market G．Since then，people have learned to make the food，and the custom was passed on to today 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是非物质文化遗产中国24节气之一——立冬的相关风俗。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 1．E　[分析语篇结构可知，此空处应为引出下文，根据空前一句“立冬是一年中的第19个节气，意味着冬天来了，秋天收获的庄稼应该储存起来”可知，本文讲述的与立冬相关，下文中介绍了四个与立冬相关的风俗，E选项“以下是你应该知道的关于立冬的事情”引出了下文中与立冬相关的风俗，符合题意。故选E项。] 2．G　[根据主题句“Eating dumplings”可知，该部分讲述的与立冬吃饺子的风俗相关，根据空前一句(他把这些食材包在面皮里，做成了耳朵的形状，这就是后来的“饺子”)可知，此处讲述了饺子的由来，G选项“从那时起，人们学会了制作这种食物，这种习俗一直延续到今天”对立冬吃饺子的由来进行总结，其中的the food指的是空前的“dumpling”。故选G项。] 3．C　[分析句子结构可知，此处只能是非谓语动词短语或者是带有连词的句子，根据主题句“Nourishing the winter(补冬)”可知，本段讲述的与立冬“进补”相关，C选项“为即将到来的寒冷冬天做准备”讲述的内容是为入冬做准备，与主题“进补”相关，且句式结构符合句子构成。故选C项。] 4．B　[根据空前一句可知，立冬时吃倭瓜馅的饺子，根据空后一句可知，倭瓜在夏季购买储存到立冬。由此可推断，此空处是在讲述倭瓜这种蔬菜的情况，B选项“倭瓜是华北地区常见的蔬菜”是对“倭瓜”的介绍，内容与上下文吻合。故选B项。] 5．F　[根据空后的一句“新收获的庄稼做的团子味道鲜美”可知，这种新收获的农作物应指的是空处的内容，F选项“此时，秋粮作物刚刚在市场上出售”与空后的“newly-harvested crops”指代一致，内容吻合。故选F项。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Silk Road countries celebrated at a forum I was honored to be invited to the International Forum on the Silk Roads at the United Nations Education，Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Headquarters in April． Before 1 this event，I didn't know much about what UNESCO was，except that they had 2 the World Heritage List．However，as I did more 3 ，I realised that there was so much more about UNESCO than just listing valuable heritage sites around the world． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) UNESCO was 4 in 1942 in the midst of World WarⅡ．Many European 5 that had been fighting against Nazi Germany came together to 6 ways of rebuilding the 7 system after the war was over．Since then，the organization has expanded (扩大) beyond Europe to include all 8 of the United Nations while keeping to their 9 goal of achieving 10 through the intellectual and moral (道德) education of humanity． 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) I had high expectations for this event，which 11 to be an evening of music，dance and a display of arts by three countries along the Silk Road．The performances were indeed excellent．The three musical performances by the Kazakh band，filled with wonderful music and low drum beats，had everyone on the edge of their 12 ．I also enjoyed the hanfu fashion show which was the final performance for the evening．The history of hanfu was 13 by models wearing clothes from different Chinese dynasties．They walked onto the stage while the host 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) explained the details of each hanfu style．I found the event to be not only 14 interesting，but also a great opportunity to explore the 15 of different countries along the Silk Road．UNESCO's events offer chances to celebrate and appreciate their unique beauty． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者被邀请参加4月份在联合国教育、科学及文化组织(UNESCO)总部举行的丝绸之路国际论坛。 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 1．A．introducing　　　　　 B．attending C．reviewing D．recording √ B　[由下文“this event”以及语境可知，这里指“出席”这次活动。故选B项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 2．A．replaced B．designed C．noticed D．created √ D　[由下文“listing valuable heritage sites around the world”可知，这里指UNESCO“创建”了世界遗产名录。故选D项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 3．A．sport B．research C．practice D．shopping √ B　[由下文“I realised that there was so much more about UNESCO ”可知，作者对UNESCO做了更多“研究”。故选B项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 4．A．established B．chosen C．controlled D．separated √ A　[由下文“in 1942 in the midst of World WarⅡ”可知，UNESCO在1942年“建立”。故选A项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 5．A．villages B．libraries C．governments D．banks √ C　[由下文“fighting against Nazi Germany”以及语境可知，这里指欧洲各国家的“政府”对抗德国。故选C项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 6．A．turn down B．look for C．turn over D．put down √ B　[由下文“ways of rebuilding the system after the war was over”可知，这里指这些政府“寻找”战后重建的方法。故选B项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 7．A．industry B．education C．agriculture D．transport √ B　[由下文“through the intellectual and moral education of humanity”可知，这里表示重建“教育”系统。故选B项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 8．A．cities B．companies C．communities D．countries √ D　[由下文“of the United Nations ”可知，这里指联合国中的“国家”。故选D项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 9．A．original B．unrealistic C．unimportant D．strange A　[由下文“achieving through the intellectual and moral education of humanity”以及语境可知，通过教育取得和平，这是UNESCO建立的“最初”目的。故选A项。] √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 10．A．invention B．fairness C．peace D．honesty √ C　[由上文“UNESCO was in 1942 in the midst of World WarⅡ．”可推知，UNESCO建立的目的是用教育推行世界“和平”。故选C项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 11．A．promised B．agreed C．learned D．planned √ A　[由下文“be an evening of music，dance and a display of arts by three countries along the Silk Road”可知，这里表示此次活动“有希望是”音乐、舞蹈和艺术展示之夜，而promise to be表“有希望成为”，符合语境。故选A项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 12．A．doors B．beds C．tables D．seats √ D　[由上文“The performances were indeed excellent．”可知，这些表演让每个人都激动不已，have everyone on the edge of their seats表示“让每个人都激动不已”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故选D项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 13．A．copied B．written C．displayed D．taught √ C　[由下文“models wearing clothes from different Chinese dynasties”可知，汉服的历史是由这些模特“展示”出的。故选C项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 14．A．extremely B．hardly C．likely D．slightly √ A　[由上文“The performances were indeed excellent．”以及语境可知，这里指这次活动“十分地”有趣。故选A项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 15．A．systems B．climates C．sources D．cultures √ D　[由下文“UNESCO's events offer chances to celebrate and appreciate their unique beauty．”可知，这里指这次活动可让人们探索各国的“文化”。故选D项。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) A short soft brush connected to a long hard handle—a simple Chinese writing brush can describe the most complicated idea． Perhaps the writing brush is one of the few tools 1． (invent) by humans that is so practical yet so rich in symbolic meanings over 2． (century)．It not only expressed common people's feelings，but also recorded history and created the most refined art and literature of this culture，greatly influencing the 3． (develop) path of Chinese civilization．The writing brush is not only a representative of Chinese culture，but also the 4． (create) of Chinese culture． invented centurie development creator 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) Meng Tian，a great general of the Qin state，has long been considered 5． the forefather of the writing brush．Legend has it that one day he was out hunting．He saw that the tail of 6． unlucky rabbit had left a trail of blood on the ground，7． inspired him to make the first Chinese writing brush in history． 8． (actual)，the history of the Chinese brush dates back at least 6，000 years．Archaeological evidence(考古证据) shows that more than 6，000 years ago，people living in the Banpo site，10 kilometers east of today's Xi'an，Shaanxi Province，9． (use) brushes to draw patterns and lines． as an which Actually used 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) However，in the late 20th century，with the widespread adoption of modern pens，writing brushes began to lose their long-standing importance．In an effort 10． (protect) this ancient craft，the craftmanship of making the Huzhou writing brushes—Hu Brush was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了毛笔的意义、起源以及对毛笔制作技艺的保护。 to protect 课时提升作业 Period 4　 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 1．invented　[考查非谓语动词。句意：也许毛笔是人类发明的为数不多的工具之一，几个世纪以来，它既实用又具有丰富的象征意义。is为be动词，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语the few tools和invent之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填invented。] 2．centuries　[考查名词复数。句意参考上题。century意为“世纪”，为可数名词。空前没有限定词修饰，这里表示几个世纪以来，应用名词复数。over centuries意为“几个世纪以来”。故填centuries。] 3．development 　[考查词性转换。句意：它不仅表达了普通人的感情，而且记录了历史，创造了这种文化中最高雅的艺术和文学，极大地影响了中华文明的发展道路。此处应用名词修饰名词path，表示事物的属性、用途等。develop的名词为development。故填development。] 4．creator　[考查词性转换。句意：毛笔不仅是中国文化的代表，也是中国文化的创造者。根据空前的the和空后的of Chinese culture可知，毛笔具有书写功能，这里指毛笔是中国文化的创造者，creator意为“创造者”，为可数名词。这里表示特指，应用名词单数。故填creator。] 5．as　[考查介词。句意：蒙恬是秦国的大将军，长期以来被认为是毛笔的始祖。consider...as...意为“认为……是……”，为固定搭配，这里是其被动表达。故填as。] 6．an　[考查冠词。句意：他看到一只倒霉兔子的尾巴在地上留下了血迹，这启发了他制作历史上第一支中国毛笔。根据空后的unlucky rabbit可知，这里泛指一只倒霉的兔子，且unlucky的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。] 7．which　[考查定语从句。句意参考上题。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。] 8．Actually　[考查词性转换。句意：事实上，中国毛笔的历史至少可以追溯到6 000年前。空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。句子开头首字母大写。故填Actually。] 9．used　[考查动词时态。句意：考古证据表明，6 000多年前，居住在今天陕西西安以东10公里的半坡遗址的人们用毛刷绘制图案和线条。在that引导的宾语从句中，主语为people，空处为谓语。结合时间状语“more than 6，000 years ago”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填used。] 10．to protect　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这一古老的工艺，湖州毛笔制作工艺——湖笔于2006年被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产。an effort to do...意为“做……的努力”，不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。] $