专题5 动词、动词短语（讲义）-2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》

编写说明：2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、黑龙江省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法、词汇和题型的15个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第5个专题，内容为动词、动词短语。 2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题5 动词、动词短语（讲义） 真题分析 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 动词词义辨析 辨别近义动词或形似动词在语境中的语义差异，准确选择符合上下文的词汇 （2022·4）answer，argue， apologize，promise ;spent， took，paid， used (2023·4) get，set，lend，borrow； . afford，pay ，cost，spend (2024·4)result，start，benefit，suffer ；apologize appoint admire，afford ； spend，cost，sell，take ；say ，speak，tell，talk 黑龙江省春季高考英语单项选择题中动词及动词短语考查聚焦词义辨析、固定搭配、语境适配三大核心考点。历年真题显示其高频考查不同语境下动词（短语）的精准运用，如 2022-2024 年多次围绕 “花费”“放弃”“提供帮助” 等核心语义群设题，凸显固定搭配记忆与语境逻辑判断的重要性。情态动词则围绕“义务 / 许可”“推测”“必要性”“祝愿” 等场景设题。 动词短语 掌握固定短语的含义差别，选出符合题意的短语 (2022·4) throw up, give up,turn up,make up; hang up,took part, made fun, set off; look for,look into,look at, look after (2023·4) get you up, take you up, make you up,pick you up (2024·4) agree with,come out,lead to, result to ; hang up,give up,set off, set up agree on， put on， take off，get off 情态动词 掌握情态动词的基本用法辨析、否定 / 疑问回应以及语境语气适配三大核心考点 (2022·4) must， may， have to (2023·4) May，Will，Shall，Ought ；will , may B . should , may C . may , will D . may , should （2024·4） Should，Can，Must，May； couldn ' t， mustn ' t， shouldn ' t. needn ' t 考点预测 · 动词词义辨析 · 动词固定搭配 · 动词短语语义辨析 · 情态动词 必考点清单 1、 动词词义辨析（基于课程标准中的词汇表和历年真题，进行高频词汇归纳） 1.高频动词15类 类别 动词 含义 用法 例句 花费 支付 spend 花费（时间 / 金钱） 人作主语，spend + 时 / 钱 + on/doing She spends 2 hours on English daily. take 花费（时间）；拿；乘坐 it 作主语表花费（It takes sb.+ 时 + to do） It took him a week to finish the report. pay 支付 人作主语，pay + 钱 + for sth. I paid 200 yuan for the dress. cost 花费；值（钱） 物作主语，无被动，sth. costs sb.+ 钱 The book costs 50 yuan. afford 负担得起 can/can’t afford to do sth. We can’t afford to travel abroad. charge 收费；充电 charge sb. for sth. The hotel charges 300 yuan a night. spare 抽出（时间 / 金钱） spare time/money to do sth. Can you spare me 10 minutes? 沟通 表达 say 说（具体内容） 接从句、直接引语或 say to sb. She said she would come early. speak 说（语言）；讲话 speak + 语言或 speak to sb. He speaks English fluently. tell 告诉；讲述；说谎 tell sb. sth./tell a lie/truth/story She told us an interesting story. talk 交谈；谈论 talk to/with sb. about sth. They are talking about the new plan. ask 询问；请求 ask sb. sth./ask for sth./ask to do She asked me a difficult question. answer 回答；回应 answer a question/the phone He answered the phone at once. discuss 讨论 discuss sth. with sb. We discussed the problem for hours. explain 解释 explain sth. to sb. The teacher explained the rule to us. suggest 建议 suggest doing sth./suggest that 从句 I suggest going for a walk. advise 劝告 advise sb. to do sth./advise doing The doctor advised eating more veggies. reply 回复 reply to sb./sth. He replied to my email yesterday. inform 通知 inform sb. of sth. They informed us of the meeting time. 借入 借出 提供 borrow 借入 borrow sth. from sb. I borrowed a book from the library. lend 借出 lend sb. sth./lend sth. to sb. Could you lend me your pen? offer 提供；提议 offer to do sth./offer sth. to sb. He offered to help me carry the box. provide 提供 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb. The school provides free lunch for students. supply 供应 supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb. The farm supplies vegetables to the city. fetch 去取来 fetch sth./sb. Could you fetch me a glass of water? 情感 态度 like 喜欢 like to do/doing sth. She likes reading in her free time. love 热爱 用法同 like，语气更强 He loves playing basketball. prefer 更喜欢 prefer A to B/prefer to do rather than do I prefer tea to coffee. enjoy 享受 enjoy doing sth. They enjoyed themselves at the party. hate 厌恶 hate to do/doing sth. She hates getting up early. admire 钦佩 admire sb. for sth. I admire her for her courage. respect 尊重 respect sb./sth. We should respect our elders. support 支持 support sb./sth. My parents support my decision. encourage 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. Teachers encouraged her to keep trying. praise 表扬 praise sb. for sth. The teacher praised her for good grades. criticize 批评 criticize sb. for sth. His boss criticized him for being late. blame 责怪 blame sb. for sth. Don’t blame him for the mistake. forgive 原谅 forgive sb. for sth./doing sth. She forgave him for his rudeness. mind 介意 mind doing sth. Do you mind opening the window? care 关心；在乎 care about sb./sth./care for sb. She cares about her family very much. 到达 离开 移动 arrive 到达 arrive in（大地点）/at（小地点） She arrived in Shanghai yesterday. reach 到达；达到 reach + 地点 / 数字 We reached the mountain top. get to 到达 get to + 地点（home/here/there 省 to） How do you get to school? leave 离开；出发 leave sp./leave for sp.（前往） He left home early this morning. depart 出发 depart for sp. The plane departs for Beijing at 3pm. return 返回；归还 return to sp./return sth. to sb. She returned to her hometown last year. move 移动；搬家 move to sp./move sth. We moved to a new house. travel 旅行 travel to sp. They traveled to Sichuan last month. fly 飞行；乘飞机 fly to sp. She flies to Guangzhou tomorrow. drive 驾驶；开车送 drive to sp./drive sb. to sp. He drove me to the station. walk 步行 walk to sp. I walk to school every day. follow 跟随 follow sb./sth. The child followed his mother closely. 发生 出现 happen 发生（偶然） happen to do sth./sth. happens What happened to him? take place 发生（有计划） 无被动语态，主语为事件 / 活动 The sports meeting will take place next week. occur 发生；想到 it occurs to sb. to do/that 从句 It occurred to me that I forgot my keys. come about 发生 how did it come about How did the accident come about? appear 出现；似乎 appear + 形容词 /appear to do sth. He appears to be very tired. emerge 浮现；出现 直接接宾语或无宾语 New problems emerged during the project. 停止 继续 开始 stop 停止 stop doing（停当前）/stop to do（停另做） He stopped smoking. / She stopped to drink water. continue 继续 continue to do/doing sth. She continued to work after lunch. start 开始 start to do/doing sth./start sth. The film starts at 7 o’clock. begin 开始 用法同 start，稍正式 The meeting began with a speech. finish 完成 finish doing sth. She finished her homework before dinner. complete 完成 complete sth. He completed the project on time. quit 放弃；停止 quit doing sth. She quit her job to travel. go on 继续 go on doing（同一件事）/go on to do（另一件事） They went on talking after the break. 忘记 记住 提醒 forget 忘记 forget to do（未做）/forget doing（已做） Don’t forget to lock the door. / I forgot meeting him. remember 记住 remember to do（未做）/remember doing（已做） Remember to call me. / I remember seeing this movie. recall 回忆 recall sth./doing sth. He recalled his childhood in the countryside. remind 提醒 remind sb. of sth./remind sb. to do This photo reminds me of my school days. memorize 记忆 memorize sth. She memorized all the new words. 选择 决定 计划 decide 决定 decide to do sth./decide on sth. She decided to study abroad. choose 选择 choose sth./choose to do/choose between A and B He chose the red shirt. select 挑选（精选） select sth. from... She selected a book from the shelf. pick 挑选；捡起 pick sth./pick out（选出） He picked out a gift for his sister. plan 计划 plan to do sth./plan for sth. They plan to travel to Yunnan. intend 打算 intend to do sth. I intend to learn French next year. determine 决心 determine to do sth. She determined to pass the exam. decide 决定 decide to do sth./decide on sth. She decided to study abroad. 尝试 成功 失败 try 尝试；努力 try to do/try doing sth. I tried to solve the problem. attempt 尝试 attempt to do sth./attempt sth. He attempted to climb the high wall. manage 设法做到；管理 manage to do sth./manage sth. She managed to finish the work alone. succeed 成功 succeed in doing sth. He succeeded in passing the exam. fail 失败；未能 fail to do sth./fail sth. She failed to finish the work on time. achieve 实现 achieve sth./achieve a goal She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 获取 失去 拥有 get 得到；变得 get sth./get + 形容词 /get to sp. He got a new job last month. have 拥有；吃；进行 have sth./have a meal/meeting We have a class meeting every Friday. own 拥有 own sth. He owns a small company. gain 获得；赢得 gain sth./gain experience He gained a lot of experience from the job. win 赢得 win sth.（比赛 / 奖品） Our team won the basketball match. earn 赚得；获得 earn money/respect She earns a good salary in IT. receive 收到 receive sth. I received a birthday gift from my parents. accept 接受 accept sth./an invitation She accepted the job offer. lose 失去 lose sth./lose one’s way He lost his keys on the way home. miss 错过；想念 miss sth./sb./miss doing sth. I missed seeing the film last night. 导致 结果 cause 导致 cause sth./cause sb. to do sth. His carelessness caused the accident. lead to 导致 lead to sth. Unhealthy habits lead to health problems. result in 导致 result in sth. The mistake resulted in great loss. result from 由…… 引起 result from sth. The accident resulted from bad weather. bring about 引起；导致 bring about sth. Technology has brought about great changes. 忍受 遭受 bear 忍受；承受 bear sth./bear doing sth. She can’t bear being alone. stand 忍受 stand sth./doing sth. I can’t stand the noise. endure 忍耐 endure sth./doing sth. He endured great pain after the accident. suffer 遭受 suffer sth./suffer from sth.（疾病 / 痛苦） She suffers from a bad headache. tolerate 容忍 tolerate sth./doing sth. We should tolerate different opinions. 改变 替换 change 改变；更换 change sth./change into sth. He changed his mind at the last minute. replace 替换 replace sth. with sth. We replaced the old computer with a new one. substitute 代替 substitute sth. for sth. You can substitute honey for sugar. exchange 交换 exchange sth. with sb./exchange for sth. They exchanged phone numbers. 改善 提高 improve 改善；提高 improve sth./improve in sth. She wants to improve her English skills. raise 提高；举起 raise sth.（价格 / 音量 / 水平） They raised the price of oil. increase 增加 increase sth./increase in sth. The population has increased rapidly. develop 发展；培养 develop sth./develop a habit The company is developing a new product. 2.近义词辨析 近义词 辨析（侧重点） 例句 花费 spend 主语必须是人，常用搭配为 spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 或 spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth. She spends two hours on English every day. He spent a lot of money buying books. take 主语多为 it（常用固定句型 It takes/took sb. + 时间 + to do sth.），也可指事物花费时间。 It took me a month to finish the project. The journey takes three hours. pay 主语是人，侧重 “支付金钱”，常用搭配为 pay + 金钱 + for sth. I paid 200 yuan for this shirt. cost 主语必须是物（或某种活动），侧重 “某物价值多少钱”，无被动语态。 The watch costs 500 yuan. The mistake cost him his job. 这个错误让他丢了工作。 说谎 / 说 tell 侧重 “告知、讲述”，固定搭配为 tell a lie（说谎）、tell the truth（说真话）、tell a story（讲故事）。 He told a lie to his parents. She told us an interesting story. say 侧重 “说具体内容”，后接宾语从句或直接引语，不接 “人” 作宾语（需加 to）。 She said she would come early. He said "Hello" to me. speak 侧重 “说某种语言” 或 “开口说话的动作”，后接语言名词或单独使用。 He speaks English fluently. She refused to speak at the meeting. talk 侧重 “交谈、谈论”，常用搭配为 talk to/with sb.（与某人交谈）、talk about sth.（谈论某事）。 They are talking about the new plan. She talked with her teacher for ten minutes. 承担 支付 afford 侧重 “负担得起（时间 / 金钱）”，常用搭配为 afford to do sth.，多与 can/can’t/be able to 连用。 We can’t afford to travel abroad this year. The family couldn’t afford her education. pay 侧重 “主动支付款项”，搭配固定（pay for sth.），主语为人。 Did you pay for the meal? spend 侧重 “主动花费时间 / 金钱”，主语为人，搭配灵活（on sth./doing sth.）。 He spends most of his salary on books. 到达 arrive 为不及物动词，后接大地点用 in，接小地点用 at。 She arrived in Beijing yesterday. They arrived at the station 10 minutes ago. reach 为及物动词，直接接地点名词（无需介词），也可接数字表示 “达到（数量、水平）”。 We reached the mountain top before noon. The temperature reached 35℃ today. get to 口语化表达，后接地点名词，若地点是 home/here/there 需省略 to。 How do you get to school? He got home late last night. 借入 借出 borrow 侧重 “向别人借入”，常用搭配为 borrow sth. from sb.，主语是 “借入者”。 I borrowed a book from the library. / Can I borrow your pen? lend 侧重 “把东西借给别人”，常用搭配为 lend sth. to sb. 或 lend sb. sth.，主语是 “借出者”。 She lent her bike to me. Could you lend me some money? 发生 happen 为不及物动词，侧重 “偶然发生”，主语是物，常用搭配为 happen to do sth.（碰巧做某事）。 What happened to him? I happened to meet my old friend on the street. take place 侧重 “有计划、有安排地发生”，主语多为会议、活动、事件等，无被动语态。 The school sports meeting will take place next week. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. come about 侧重 “事情发生的原因或过程”，常用搭配为 how did it come about。 How did the accident come about? 停止 stop 用法灵活，stop doing sth. 表示 “停止正在做的事”，stop to do sth. 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”。 He stopped smoking last year.（停止抽烟） She stopped to drink some water.（停下来喝水） quit 侧重 “主动放弃、退出（工作、习惯等）”，口语和书面语通用，常用搭配为 quit doing sth.。 He quit his job to travel around the world. She quit eating fast food. 看见 观看 see 侧重 “偶然看到” 或 “视觉上的能力”，强调结果，不强调刻意动作。 I saw him pass by the window. She can’t see without glasses. watch 侧重 “专注地观看、注视”（如电视、比赛、动态场景），强调过程。 They are watching a football match. He watches TV for an hour every day. look 侧重 “有意识地看” 的动作，为不及物动词，后接宾语需加 at。 Look at the blackboard carefully. She looked at me with a smile. notice 侧重 “注意到、察觉到”（原本没关注到的细节），强调 “偶然发现”。 I noticed a strange man outside the door. Did you notice his new haircut? 拒绝 refuse 侧重 “明确拒绝请求、要求或提供的东西”，常用搭配为 refuse to do sth.。 She refused to help him. He refused the invitation to the party. decline 正式、礼貌的 “拒绝”，侧重 “婉言谢绝”，避免冒犯，常用搭配为 decline sth. 或 decline to do sth.。 He declined the offer of a promotion. She declined to comment on the matter. reject 侧重 “坚决拒绝、驳回”（如提议、申请、观点等），语气比 refuse 更强。 The company rejected his job application. They rejected the idea of raising prices. 喜欢 偏好 like 最通用，语气中性，可接名词、动名词或不定式（like to do/doing sth. 差异小）。 I like music. She likes to read in the evening. love 语气比 like 更强，侧重 “热爱、钟爱”，可接名词、动名词或不定式。 He loves playing basketball. She loves her family deeply. prefer 侧重 “两者中更喜欢其一”，常用搭配为 prefer A to B 或 prefer to do rather than do。 I prefer tea to coffee. She prefers to walk rather than take a bus. enjoy 侧重 “享受做某事的过程”，只能接动名词（enjoy doing sth.），不能接不定式。 They enjoy traveling around the world. He enjoys listening to classical music. 开始 start 比 start 稍正式，用法一致，可接名词、动名词或不定式，春考中常与 start 作为选项辨析。 The film begins with a beautiful song. He began to work early this morning. begin 基于理由的 “期望”（常含预设标准） 期望过高（high expectations）、满足期望（meet expectations）、合理期望（reasonable expectation）。 希望 期望 hope 侧重 “主观希望”，常用搭配为 hope to do sth. 或 hope + 宾语从句，不能接 sb. to do sth.。 I hope to visit Paris someday. She hopes that her dream will come true. wish 侧重 “难以实现的愿望” 或 “祝愿”，常用搭配为 wish to do sth.、wish sb. sth. 或 wish + 虚拟语气从句。 I wish you a happy new year. She wishes she could fly. expect 侧重 “基于情理或约定的期望”，常用搭配为 expect to do sth. 或 expect sb. to do sth.。 We expect to finish the work by Friday. Parents expect their children to study hard. 提高 提升 improve 侧重 “改善、提高（水平、质量、技能等）”，宾语多为抽象名词。 She wants to improve her English skills. / The company improved the product quality. raise 侧重 “人为抬高（价格、音量、水平等）”，及物动词，宾语可指具体或抽象事物。 They raised the price of oil. He raised his voice to be heard. increase 侧重 “数量、尺寸、程度等的增加”，可作及物或不及物动词。 The population of the city has increased rapidly. We need to increase our efforts. 收到 接受 receive 侧重 “客观收到（某物）”，不涉及主观意愿，无被动语态特殊用法。 I received a letter from my friend yesterday. / She received a gift on her birthday. accept 侧重 “主观愿意接受（某物、提议等）”，强调 “认可” 的态度。 He accepted the job offer. / She refused to accept his apology. 继续 continue 通用，可接名词、动名词或不定式（continue to do/doing sth. 通用）。 She continued her study abroad. / He continued to work after lunch. go on 口语化，go on doing sth. 表示 “继续做同一件事”，go on to do sth. 表示 “接着做另一件事”。 They went on talking after the break.（继续聊天）/ She went on to sing a song.（接着唱歌） keep on 侧重 “坚持不懈地继续”，后接动名词，强调 “克服困难持续做”。 He kept on practicing even though he was tired. 放弃 give up 侧重 “主动放弃计划、爱好、努力等”，常用搭配为 give up sth. 或 give up doing sth. She gave up smoking last year. We had to give up the plan. throw up 侧重 “呕吐”，也可表示 “放弃（非正式用法）”，春考多考查 “呕吐” 含义。 He threw up after eating bad food. 二、动词固定搭配 动词 短语 含义 例句 look look at 看；考虑 Please look at the blackboard carefully. look for 寻找 I’m looking for my lost keys. look up 查阅；抬头看 She looked up the word in the dictionary. look out 小心；注意 Look out! There’s a car coming. look after 照顾；照料 She looks after her little brother every day. look into 调查；研究 The police are looking into the accident. look forward to 期待 We’re looking forward to the holiday. look around 环顾四周 He looked around the room before sitting down. look down on 轻视；看不起 Don’t look down on others. look up to 尊敬；仰慕 Young people look up to him. break break out 爆发；突然发生 A fire broke out in the building last night. break down 出故障；崩溃 My car broke down on the way to work. break in 闯入；插嘴 Someone broke in and stole the laptop. break into 闯入；强行进入 Thieves broke into the store at midnight. break up 分手；解散 Their marriage broke up after five years. break off 中断；折断 He broke off the conversation suddenly. break through 突破；突围 The army broke through the enemy’s defense. cut cut down 砍倒；减少 We need to cut down on sugar intake. cut off 切断；中断 The power was cut off during the storm. cut in 插嘴；插入 Don’t cut in when others are talking. cut out 裁剪；删除 She cut out a picture from the magazine. cut up 切碎；剁碎 Cut up the vegetables before cooking. cut through 穿过；穿透 The path cuts through the forest. cut down 砍倒；减少 We need to cut down on sugar intake. go go on 继续；发生 The meeting went on for three hours. go out 出去；熄灭 The lights went out suddenly. go up 上升；上涨 Prices of food have gone up recently. go down 下降；下沉 The temperature went down at night. go in for 从事；爱好 He goes in for playing basketball. go through 经历；通过 She went through a lot of difficulties. go along with 同意；配合 I’ll go along with your plan. go back to 回到；返回 She went back to her hometown. go away 离开；走开 He went away without saying goodbye. get get up 起床；起身 I get up at 7 o’clock every morning. get on 上车；进展 We got on the bus at the next stop. get off 下车；离开 She got off work early today. get in 进入；收割 The farmers are getting in the crops. get out 出去；离开 Get out of the room, please. get along 相处；进展 They get along well with each other. get through 通过；接通 I can’t get through to this phone number. get over 克服；恢复 She got over her illness quickly. get together 聚会；相聚 We get together once a month. get ready for 为…… 做准备 Let’s get ready for the exam. get rid of 摆脱；除去 He wants to get rid of bad habits. give give up 放弃 She gave up smoking last year. give in 屈服；让步 He refused to give in to pressure. give out 分发；耗尽 The teacher gave out the test papers. give away 赠送；泄露 She gave away all her old clothes. give off 发出；放出 The flowers give off a sweet smell. give back 归还；返回 Please give back the book on time. bring bring up 抚养；提出 She was brought up by her grandparents. bring about 引起；导致 Technology has brought about great changes. bring back 带回；回忆起 The old photo brings back good memories. bring in 引入；收获 They brought in new equipment. bring out 出版；使显现 The company brought out a new product. bring along 随身携带 Bring along an umbrella in case of rain. turn turn on 打开 Please turn on the light. turn off 关闭 Don’t forget to turn off the TV. turn up 出现；调大 He turned up late for the meeting. turn down 拒绝；调小 She turned down the job offer. turn around 转身；好转 He turned around and saw his friend. turn into 变成；成为 The caterpillar turns into a butterfly. turn out 结果是；证明是 It turned out that he was right. turn to 求助于；转向 She turned to her teacher for help. put put on 穿上；上演 She put on a warm coat. put off 推迟；延期 We put off the meeting until next week. put up 举起；张贴 He put up a poster on the wall. put down 放下；记下 Put down your phone and listen to me. put out 扑灭；出版 The firefighters put out the fire. put in 投入；插入 She put in a lot of effort. put away 收起；储存 Put away your toys after playing. put together 组装；整理 We put together the bookshelf. take take off 起飞；脱下 The plane took off on time. take on 承担；呈现 She took on a new job. take up 占据；开始学习 Reading takes up most of my time. take in 吸收；理解 The plant takes in sunlight. take out 取出；带出 He took out a pen from his pocket. take away 拿走；外卖 They took away the rubbish. take care of 照顾；处理 Take care of yourself when you’re alone. take part in 参加 She took part in the English contest. take place 发生 The event took place last Saturday. take after 像（父母） She takes after her mother in looks. take turns 轮流 We take turns to clean the room. keep keep on 继续；坚持 He kept on working despite being tired. keep up 保持；跟上 Keep up with the group, don’t fall behind. keep in mind 记住 Keep in mind what I told you yesterday. keep away from 远离 Keep away from dangerous things. keep out 阻止进入 The sign says “Keep out of the construction area”. keep off 避开；不接触 Keep off the grass. keep up with 跟上；不落后 She can’t keep up with the fast pace. keep doing 持续做某事 They kept talking for hours. depend depend on 依靠；取决于 Success depends on hard work. depend upon 依靠；依赖 He depends upon his parents for money. depend on it that 相信；指望 You can depend on it that he will come. see see off 送别 We went to the station to see him off. see through 看穿；识破 She saw through his lies. see to 负责；照料 I’ll see to the arrangements. see sb. off 为某人送行 His friends saw him off at the airport. see sb. through 帮助某人度过难关 Her family saw her through the difficult time. catch catch on 理解；流行 It took me a while to catch on. catch sight of 看见；瞥见 She caught sight of an old friend. catch fire 着火 The building caught fire suddenly. catch hold of 抓住；握住 He caught hold of the rope. catch up on 弥补；赶上 I need to catch up on my work. ask ask for 请求；要求 He asked for a glass of water. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 She asked her teacher for help. ask after 问候；询问近况 He asked after my parents. ask out 邀请外出 He asked her out to dinner. ask in 邀请入内 She asked the guests in. ask around 四处打听 I asked around but no one knew. set set up 建立；设立 They set up a new company last year. set off 出发；引爆 We set off for the mountains at dawn. set down 记下；放下 She set down the important points. hold hold back 抑制；隐瞒 She held back her tears. hold up 举起；延误 The traffic jam held up the bus. hold on 等一下；坚持 Hold on, I’ll call him. carry out 执行；实施 They carried out the plan successfully. carry on 继续；坚持 Carry on with your work, don’t stop. fall fall behind 落后；跟不上 He fell behind in math after being ill. fall in love 爱上 They fell in love at first sight. run run out of 用完；耗尽 We’ve run out of water. run away 逃跑；溜走 The child ran away from home. run across 偶然遇见 I ran across an old friend yesterday. make make up 组成；编造；化妆 She made up a story to explain her absence. make out 辨认；理解 I can’t make out what he’s saying. make sure 确保；确认 Make sure you lock the door. call call off 取消 They called off the football match. call on 拜访；号召 We called on our teacher last week. call up 打电话；想起 He called up memories of his childhood. 附：记忆口诀（选用） 1. look 短语 look at 看，look for 找，look up 查阅抬头瞧；look out 小心，look after 照顾， look into 调查要记牢；look forward to 盼，look around 四处扫，look through 浏览看穿了。 2. keep 短语 keep on 继续，keep up 跟上，keep in mind 记心上；keep away from 远离，keep out 别进方，keep off 避开不碰旁；keep up with 不落后，keep doing 持续忙。 3. break 短语 break out 爆发，break down 故障崩；break in 闯入插嘴，break into 强行冲；break up 分手解散，break off 中断崩；break through 来突破，短语含义要分清。 4. cut 短语 cut down 砍倒还减料，cut off 切断中断了；cut in 插嘴来插入，cut out 裁剪删除掉；cut up 切碎剁成块，cut through 穿透路打通。 5. go 短语 go on 继续发生，go out 出去熄灭了；go up 上升价格涨，go down 下降往下掉；go in for 从事爱好，go through 经历通过了；go along with 同意配，go back to 家乡到；go away 离开走，短语用法要记好。 6. get 短语 get up 起床，get on 上车进展妙；get off 下车离开，get in 进入收割了；get out 出去，get along 相处进展好；get through 通过接通，get over 克服恢复了；get together 聚会，get ready for 准备好；get rid of 摆脱，不良习惯全赶跑。 7. give 短语 give up 放弃别坚持，give in 屈服让步了；give out 分发耗尽，give away 赠送泄露了；give off 发出气味光，give back 归还不能少；give up on 绝望了，梦想千万别丢掉。 8. bring 短语 bring up 抚养又提出，bring about 导致变化了；bring back 带回回忆起，bring in 引入收获到；bring out 出版使显现，bring along 随身带好。 9. turn 短语 turn on 打开，turn off 关闭要记牢；turn up 出现调大，turn down 拒绝调小；turn around 转身好转，turn into 变成新面貌；turn out 结果证明是，turn to 求助转向了。 10. put 短语 put on 穿上上演，put off 推迟延期了；put up 举起张贴，put down 放下记下了；put out 扑灭出版，put in 投入插入了；put away 收起储存，put together 组装整理好；put up with 忍受，脾气再好也别闹。 11. take 短语 take off 起飞脱下，take on 承担呈现了；take up 占据开始学，take in 吸收理解了；take out 取出带出，take away 拿走外卖到；take care of 照顾处理，take part in 参加了；take place 发生，take turns 轮流秩序好；take after 像父母，take care 保重别忘掉。 12. depend 短语 depend on 依靠取决于，depend upon 同义调；depend on it that 相信，肯定会来错不了。 13. see 短语 see off 送别到车站，see through 看穿谎言了；see to 负责照料事，see sb. through 难关渡好了。 14. catch 短语口诀 catch up with 赶上，catch on 理解流行了；catch sight of 瞥见，catch fire 着火危险了；catch hold of 抓住，catch up on 弥补赶上了。 15. ask 短语 ask for 请求要某物，ask sb. for sth. 向人要；ask after 问候近况好，ask out 邀请外出聊；ask in 邀请进屋里，ask around 四处打听妙。 16.set 短语 set up 建，set off 跑，set down 记下来； 17.hold 短语 hold on 等，hold back 忍，hold up 延误又举起； 18.make 短语 make up 编 / 凑 / 化妆，make out 认 / 理解，make sure 要确认； 19.run 短语 run out of 用完了，run away 跑掉了，run across 偶遇了； 20.call 短语 call off 取消，call on 拜访，call up 打电话。 三、动词短语语义辨析 类别 短语 区别 例句 开始 继续 set out vs set about set out 后接 to do（强调 “出发去做”，目标明确）； set about 后接 doing（强调 “着手做”，行动启动） She set out to finish the task alone.（出发去完成） He set about repairing the bike.（着手修理） go on doing vs go on to do go on doing 继续做同一件事； go on to do 做完一件事接着做另一件 They went on talking after the break.（继续聊天） She went on to sing a song.（接着唱歌） keep on doing vs continue doing keep on 强调 “克服困难坚持做”，语气更强； continue 通用，无情感倾向 He kept on practicing despite the rain.（坚持练习） She continued reading for an hour.（继续阅读） 停止 放弃 give up vs give in give up 指 “放弃目标、习惯”（及物，接名词 /doing）； give in 指 “屈服于压力、他人”（不及物，后接 to） She gave up smoking last year.（放弃习惯） He refused to give in to pressure.（屈服压力） break off vs break up break off 指 “中断谈话、关系”（暂时或突然）； break up 指 “彻底分手、解散”（长期关系终结） They broke off the conversation suddenly.（中断谈话） The band broke up after 10 years.（解散乐队） quit doing vs stop doing quit 强调 “主动放弃（工作、习惯）”，语气坚决； stop doing 仅指 “停止当前动作”，无放弃意味 He quit his job to travel.（放弃工作） She stopped talking when the teacher came in.（停止说话） 到达 离开 get on vs get off get on 指 “上（公交、火车等大型交通工具）”； get off 指 “下（对应交通工具）”，也可表 “下班、离开” We got on the bus at the next stop.（上公交） She got off work early today.（下班） set off vs set out 两者都可表 “出发”，set off 更强调 “启程、动身”（常接 for）； set out 更强调 “为目标出发”（常接 to do） We set off for Beijing at dawn.（启程去北京） He set out to climb the mountain.（为爬山出发） see off vs send off see off 指 “亲自送别（到车站 / 机场）”； send off 指 “邮寄、发送” 或 “送行（不强调亲自到场）” I went to the station to see him off.（亲自送别） She sent off the package yesterday.（邮寄包裹） 寻找 发现 look for vs find look for 强调 “寻找的动作”（过程）； find 强调 “找到的结果” I looked for my keys everywhere.（寻找动作） Finally, I found them in the bag.（找到结果） look through vs look up look through 指 “快速浏览（书籍、文件）” 或 “看穿”； look up 指 “查阅（字典、资料）” 或 “抬头看” I looked through the newspaper quickly.（浏览报纸） She looked up the word in the dictionary.（查阅单词） catch sight of vs run across catch sight of 指 “瞥见、偶然看见”（强调瞬间）； run across 指 “偶然遇见（人）” 或 “偶然发现（物）” She caught sight of an old friend in the street.（瞥见） I ran across a rare book in the store.（偶然发现） 处理 应对 deal with vs do with deal with 侧重 “处理问题、应对情况”（主语是人）； do with 侧重 “利用、处理某物”（常与 what 搭配） How do you deal with stress?（应对压力）/ What did you do with the old furniture?（处理家具） take care of vs see to 两者都可表 “照料、负责”，take care of 更口语化，侧重 “照顾人 / 物”； see to 更正式，侧重 “处理事务、确保” She takes care of her little brother.（照顾弟弟） I’ll see to the arrangements.（负责安排） carry out vs put forward carry out 指 “执行计划、任务”（落实行动）； put forward 指 “提出建议、想法”（表达观点） They carried out the plan successfully.（执行计划） She put forward a new idea at the meeting.（提出想法） 接受 拒绝 turn down vs refuse turn down 指 “婉言拒绝（提议、邀请）”，语气委婉； refuse 指 “明确拒绝（请求、要求）”，语气直接 She turned down the job offer politely.（婉拒工作） He refused to help me.（明确拒绝帮忙） take in vs accept take in 指 “接受（信息、帮助）” 或 “收留”； accept 指 “主观愿意接受（某物、提议）”，强调认可 The plant takes in sunlight.（吸收阳光） She accepted the gift happily.（接受礼物） 附：辨析记忆口诀（选用） 继续同件 doing 连，另件 to do 跟后面；放弃 give up 接名词，屈服 give in 加 to 先； 寻找 look for 是过程，find 结果在后面；婉拒 turn down 语气软，refuse 直接不委婉； 执行 carry out 要落实，提出 put forward 是观点；语义差异看场景，真题搭配记心间。 四、情态动词 1.核心情态动词基础用法 情态动词 含义 基本用法 否定形式 can 能；可以；可能（弱猜测） 表能力 / 许可 / 客观可能；can do can’t（不能 / 不可能） could 能；可以；可能（更弱） 过去式；委婉请求 / 建议；could do couldn’t may 可以；可能（弱猜测）；祝愿 表许可 / 可能性；may do；祝愿（May you…） may not（可能不） might 可能（最弱猜测）；或许 比 may 语气委婉 / 可能性低；might do might not must 必须；一定（强猜测） 表义务 / 强制；must do；否定用 needn’t mustn’t（禁止） need 需要；有必要 Need sb. do?（疑问）；need do（肯定少用，多作实义动词 need to do） needn’t（不必） should 应该；按理说（中强猜测） 表建议 / 责任；should do；表合理推测 shouldn’t（不应该） had better（’d better） 最好（表建议，语气强硬） had better do（无 to）；用于提醒 / 警告 had better not do（否定在 not 放 do 前） would like =want，更委婉 想要；愿意 would like to do；would like sth./sb. wouldn’t like to do 2.表猜测的情态动词重点辨析 1）猜测语气强弱排序 must（一定，90%+）> should/ought to（按理说应该，80%）> may（可能，50%）> might/could（或许，30% 以下） 2） 不同时态的猜测用法 猜测场景 结构 例句 对现在的猜测 情态动词 + do（状态） be doing（动作） He must be at home.（状态） They may be reading.（动作） 对过去的猜测 情态动词 + have done She can’t have missed the bus.（不可能错过） He must have finished the work.（一定完成了） 对将来的猜测 情态动词 + do It might rain tomorrow.（或许会下雨） 3）否定猜测的特殊用法 强否定（“不可能”） can’t/couldn’t + do/have done （不用 mustn’t，mustn’t 表禁止） He can’t be late.（他不可能迟到） She couldn’t have lied.（她不可能撒谎了） 弱否定（“可能不”） may not/might not + do/have done They may not come.（他们可能不来） 3.be used to vs get used to 重点区分（易考易错） 短语 核心含义 结构（关键：to 是介词，后接名词 /doing） 例句 be used to 习惯于（强调 “习惯状态”） be used to sth./doing sth. She is used to getting up early.（她习惯早起） get used to 逐渐习惯于（强调 “适应过程”） get used to sth./doing sth.（get 可换 become） He is getting used to the new job.（他在适应新工作） 易混提醒 与 used to do（过去常常做，to 是不定式）区分 used to do（无 be/get，后接动词原形） They used to live here.（他们以前住这儿） 4.关键注意点（避坑重点） must 表 “必须” 时 否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to（不必），不能用 mustn’t（禁止）。 —Must I finish it today? —No, you needn’t. 表猜测时 must 只用于肯定句，否定 / 疑问句用 can/could。 正确：He must be tired. / Can he be tired? / He can’t be tired. 错误：He mustn’t be tired.（表禁止，非猜测） may 表 “许可” 时 否定回答用 can’t/mustn’t（不可以 / 禁止），比 may not 语气明确。 —May I smoke here? —No, you can’t. Need dare 可作情态动词（无 to）或实义动词（有 to） 情态动词：Need I go? / You needn’t worry. 实义动词：I need to go. / She doesn’t need to come. had better 无人称变化，否定直接加 not，不用 don’t/doesn’t 修饰。 正确：You’d better not go out. 错误：You don’t had better go out. would like 后接不定式（to do），不接 doing； 请求时用 would you like to do，比 do you want to 委婉。 Would you like to drink some tea? be used to/get used to后接 doing，不可接 to do；used to do 表过去习惯，现在已不如此。 记忆口诀（选用） 情态动词猜强弱，must 一定 might 弱； 现在 do/doing，过去 have done 记牢； 否定猜测用 can’t，mustn’t 禁止别混淆； ’d better 表建议，not 放 do 前错不了； would like 要 to do，委婉请求常用到； be used to 是状态，get used to 表适应，to 是介词接 doing，used to do 表过去。 10分钟小测 1.— Would you like ______ to the cinema with me this weekend? — Yes, I’d love to. A. go B . going C. to go D. gone 【答案】C 【解析】考查 would like 的固定搭配。would like 后接不定式（to do），固定结构为 “would like to do sth.”，表示 “想要做某事”。A（动词原形）、B（动名词）、D（过去分词）均不符合搭配规则。 2.You should ______ advantage of the opportunity to practice your English. A. take B. make C. get D. have 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词固定短语。“take advantage of” 是春考高频固定短语，意为 “利用”。B（make）、C（get）、D（have）均不能与 advantage 构成符合句意的短语。 3.She ______ the book from the library yesterday and can keep it for two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。borrow 表 “借入”，常用搭配 “borrow sth. from sb./sp.”，契合 “从图书馆借书” 的语境；B（lend）表 “借出”，方向与语境相反；C（kept）表 “保留”，强调状态而非 “借入” 动作；D（bought）表 “购买”，与图书馆书籍的使用逻辑不符。 4.You’d better ______ smoking. It’s harmful to your health. A. give up B. give in C. give out D. give away 【答案】A 【解析】考查 give 短语辨析。give up 意为 “放弃”，“give up smoking” 是 “戒烟” 的固定表达；B（give in）表 “屈服”；C（give out）表 “分发、耗尽”；D（give away）表 “赠送、泄露”，均不符合 “停止吸烟” 的语境。 5.— Who is knocking at the door? — It ______ be my uncle. He promised to visit me today. A. can B. must C. may D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词表猜测。must 表强猜测（“一定”，可能性 90%+），结合 “叔叔承诺会来” 的语境，推测确定性高；A（can）、C（may）、D（might）均表弱猜测，语气不符合 “有明确承诺” 的场景。 6.He ______ his way in the forest and had to call for help. A. lost B. missed C. forgot D. left 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词固定搭配。“lose one’s way” 是 “迷路” 的固定表达，lost 是 lose 的过去式，契合语境；B（missed）表 “错过、想念”；C（forgot）表 “忘记”；D（left）表 “离开、留下”，均不能与 “one’s way” 构成 “迷路” 含义。 7.The plan ______ because of the bad weather. We had to put it off. A. fell apart B. broke out C. took place D. came true 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fell apart 意为 “崩溃、泡汤”，符合 “计划因天气被迫推迟” 的逻辑；B（broke out）表 “爆发”（多指战争、火灾）；C（took place）表 “发生”（多指有计划的事件）；D（came true）表 “实现”，均与语境不符。 8.She ______ the old photo and it brought back many good memories. A. looked through B. looked up C. looked for D. looked after 【答案】A 【解析】考查 look 短语辨析。looked through 意为 “浏览、翻阅”，契合 “看旧照片引发回忆” 的动作；B（looked up）表 “查阅、抬头看”（常指查资料）；C（looked for）表 “寻找”（强调过程）；D（looked after）表 “照顾”，均不符合语境。 9.They ______ a new company last year and it’s developing well now. A. set up B. set off C. set down D. set out 【答案】A 【解析】考查 set 短语辨析。set up 意为 “建立、设立”（常指公司、机构），契合 “成立新公司” 的语境；B（set off）表 “出发、引爆”；C（set down）表 “记下、放下”；D（set out）表 “出发、着手”，均与语境不符。 10.You should ______ the traffic rules when crossing the road. A. follow B. break C. make D. change 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。follow 意为 “遵守”，“follow the traffic rules” 是 “遵守交通规则” 的常用表达；B（break）表 “违反”；C（make）表 “制定”；D（change）表 “改变”，均不符合 “过马路” 的安全语境。 经典试题解析 1.（2023黑龙江省职业教育分类考试适应性测试题1）A fire in the hospital at midnight . A . turned up B . broke out C . appeared D . emerged 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查动词短语辨析。核心考点为 “火灾、战争等突发情况” 的固定搭配，break out 特指（火灾、战争、疾病等）突然发生，是春考高频短语；turn up 意为 “出现、调大”；appear 意为 “出现”（侧重视觉上的显现）；emerge 意为 “浮现”（侧重从隐藏状态显露）。 【易错分析】易误选 C 或 D，混淆 “普通出现” 与 “突发情况出现” 的短语搭配。appear 和 emerge 仅强调 “出现” 的结果，不体现 “突然、意外发生” 的语义，而火灾属于突发场景，需用 break out。 【解题关键】抓住 “fire（火灾）” 这一核心语境，明确其属于 “突发事件”，对应 break out 的固定用法；排除仅表 “普通出现” 的 A、C、D 选项。 【命题创新点】结合生活中 “医院火灾” 的实际场景，考查短语在具体语境中的语义匹配，侧重区分 “普通出现” 与 “突发情况” 的短语差异，符合职业教育考试 “语境化考查” 趋势。 2. （2024黑龙江省职业教育分类考试适应性测试题2） The film him his experience of studying abroad in London . A . remind , of B . reminded , of C . reminded , off D . remind , off 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查动词短语固定搭配及时态。核心考点为 “remind sb. of sth.”，意为 “使某人想起某事”，是春考高频短语；同时需结合语境判断时态，句子无明确时间标志，但描述的是电影带来的回忆效果，用一般过去时符合逻辑。 【易错分析】① 易误选 A，忽略时态要求，未根据语境使用过去式 reminded；② 易误选 C 或 D，混淆短语搭配，“remind” 后接 “of” 而非 “off”，“off” 无此搭配逻辑。 【解题关键】第一步确认短语搭配，锁定 “remind sb. of sth.”，排除 C、D；第二步根据语境判断时态，电影 “使他想起经历” 是已发生的动作，用过去式 reminded，排除 A。 【命题创新点】结合 “电影与海外留学经历” 的生活化场景，同时考查短语搭配和时态，符合职业教育考试 “多考点融合” 的命题特点，侧重基础知识点的综合运用。 3.（2024黑龙江省职业教育分类考试适应性测试题1）— Must I wait here all day ? I have a lot of work to do . — No , you . You may be back in the afternoon . A . mustn ' t B . can ' t C . mayn ' t D . don ' t have to 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查情态动词的否定回答。核心考点为 must 表 “必须” 时的否定形式，must 的否定回答不用 mustn’t（表 “禁止”），而用 don’t have to 或 needn’t（表 “不必”）；mustn’t 意为 “禁止”，can’t 意为 “不可能、不能”，mayn’t 意为 “可能不”，均不符合否定回答逻辑。 【易错分析】易误选 A，混淆 mustn’t 与 don’t have to 的语义。mustn’t 强调 “禁止做某事”，而题干中是 “不必一直等”，并非 “禁止等”，语义不符。 【解题关键】明确 must 表 “必须” 时的否定回答规则，直接锁定 don’t have to；排除表 “禁止” 的 A、表 “不能” 的 B、表 “可能不” 的 C。 【命题创新点】以日常对话场景考查情态动词的特殊用法，侧重易混淆否定形式的区分，贴合职业教育考试 “基础语法 + 语境应用” 的考查方向。 4.（23-24 黑龙江省对口升学冲刺模拟）Johnny , you play with the fire , you burn yourself . A . won ' t , can ' t B . can ' t , shouldn ' t C . must , shouldn ' t D . mustn ' t , may 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查情态动词的语义辨析。核心考点为 mustn’t（表 “禁止”）和 may（表 “可能”）的用法；mustn’t 用于禁止危险行为，may 表对可能发生的后果的推测，符合 “禁止玩火，可能烧伤自己” 的逻辑。 【易错分析】① 易误选 B，混淆 can’t 与 mustn’t 的语义，can’t 表 “不能”，而 “玩火” 是明确的危险行为，需用 “禁止”（mustn’t）；② 易误选 C，must 表 “必须”，与 “禁止玩火” 的语义相反。 【解题关键】第一步根据 “play with the fire（玩火）” 的危险性，确定第一空用 mustn’t（禁止）；第二步根据 “burn yourself（烧伤自己）” 是可能的后果，确定第二空用 may（可能），锁定 D 选项。 【命题创新点】结合 “安全警示” 场景，考查情态动词在具体警示语境中的语义匹配，侧重 “禁止” 与 “推测” 用法的结合，符合职业教育考试 “实用性” 考查原则。 5. （23-24 黑龙江省对口升学冲刺模拟）Mary the bus on the corner of Tenth and Garland . A . got out B . got off C . got over D . got up 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查 get 相关动词短语辨析。核心考点为 get off 的固定用法，get off 意为 “下车（公交、火车等）”，契合 “在街角下车” 的语境；get out 意为 “出去”（需接 of + 地点），get over 意为 “克服、恢复”，get up 意为 “起床”，均不符合语境。 【易错分析】易误选 A，混淆 get out 与 get off 的用法，get out 单独使用时不表 “下车”，需搭配 of，如 get out of the bus，而题干中无 of，直接接 “the bus”，需用 get off。 【解题关键】抓住 “the bus（公交车）” 和 “on the corner（街角）” 的语境，明确是 “下车” 动作，对应 get off 的固定搭配；排除语义不符的 A、C、D。 【命题创新点】以 “公交出行” 的日常场景为载体，考查 get 短语的语境化运用，侧重区分 “下车” 与 “出去” 的短语差异，贴合职业教育考试 “生活化” 命题趋势。 6. （23-24 黑龙江省对口升学冲刺模拟）Your carelessness will a serious result . A . lead to B . led to C . result to D . lead in 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查动词短语固定搭配及时态。核心考点为 “lead to”，意为 “导致”，是春考高频短语；will 后接动词原形，故排除过去式 led to；result to 为错误搭配（正确为 result in），lead in 意为 “引入”，均不符合语义。 【易错分析】① 易误选 B，忽略 will 后接动词原形的时态要求，误用过去式 led to；② 易误选 C，混淆 “result in” 与 “result to”，记忆错误短语搭配。 【解题关键】第一步确认短语搭配，锁定 “lead to（导致）”，排除错误搭配 C、D；第二步根据 will 的用法，确定后接动词原形，排除 B，选择 A。 【命题创新点】结合 “粗心与后果” 的逻辑场景，考查短语搭配与时态的综合运用，侧重错误短语搭配的辨析，符合职业教育考试 “基础知识点精准考查” 的特点。 7.（2024高考考前最后一课）She some old photographs in a drawer . A . came up with B . came to C . came out D . came across 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查 come 相关动词短语辨析。核心考点为 come across，意为 “偶然发现、遇见”，契合 “在抽屉里偶然发现旧照片” 的语境；come up with 意为 “提出（想法、建议）”，come to 意为 “苏醒、到达”，come out 意为 “出版、出现”，均不符合语境。 【易错分析】易误选 C，混淆 come out 与 come across 的语义，come out 强调 “公开、出现”，不体现 “偶然发现” 的含义，而题干中 “在抽屉里发现旧照片” 是偶然动作，需用 come across。 【解题关键】抓住 “in a drawer（在抽屉里）” 和 “old photographs（旧照片）” 的语境，明确是 “偶然发现” 的动作，对应 come across 的用法；排除语义不符的 A、B、C。 【命题创新点】以 “整理物品偶然发现” 的生活化场景为载体，考查 come 短语的语义辨析，侧重 “偶然发现” 与 “其他动作” 的区分，符合职业教育考试 “语境化” 考查方向。 8.（2024高考考前最后一课）He his money to help those poor children . A . gave in B . gave up C . gave off D . gave away 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查 give 相关动词短语辨析。核心考点为 give away，意为 “赠送、捐赠”，契合 “捐钱帮助贫困儿童” 的语境；give in 意为 “屈服、让步”，give up 意为 “放弃”，give off 意为 “发出（气味、光）”，均不符合语义。 【易错分析】易误选 B，混淆 give up 与 give away 的语义，give up 强调 “放弃某物”，而题干中是 “把钱赠送给他人”，并非 “放弃钱”，语义不符。 【解题关键】抓住 “help those poor children（帮助贫困儿童）” 的语境，明确是 “捐赠钱” 的动作，对应 give away 的用法；排除语义不符的 A、B、C。 【命题创新点】结合 “公益捐赠” 的积极场景，考查 give 短语的语义匹配，侧重 “赠送” 与 “放弃、屈服” 的区分，符合职业教育考试 “正向价值观引导” 的命题特点。 9.（2022黑龙江对口升学模拟试题 ）In about ten minutes a middle - aged gentleman came along and . A . look after B . looked around C . look down on D . looked for 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查 look 相关动词短语辨析及时态。核心考点为 looked around，意为 “环顾四周”，契合 “中年绅士走来后环顾” 的语境；look after 意为 “照顾”，look down on 意为 “轻视”，look for 意为 “寻找”（需接宾语），均不符合语境；且 and 连接并列动作，came 为过去式，故用 looked around。 【易错分析】① 易误选 A 或 C，忽略时态要求，未用过去式 looked；② 易误选 D，look for 后需接宾语（如 look for sb./sth.），题干中无宾语，语义不完整。 【解题关键】第一步根据 and 并列结构，确定动词用过去式，排除 A、C；第二步根据 “came along（走来）” 的语境，确定是 “环顾四周” 的动作，且无宾语，排除需接宾语的 D，选择 B。 【命题创新点】以 “人物动作场景” 为载体，同时考查短语辨析和时态一致，侧重 “不及物短语” 与 “及物短语” 的区分，符合职业教育考试 “多考点融合” 的趋势。 10.（2023黑龙江对口升学试题 ）Her family was too poor to her training . A . afford B . pay C . cost D . spend 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查动词词义辨析。核心考点为 afford 的用法，afford 意为 “负担得起”，常用搭配 “afford sth./afford to do sth.”，契合 “家庭贫穷负担不起培训费” 的语境；pay 意为 “支付”（需接 for），cost 意为 “花费”（物作主语），spend 意为 “花费”（人作主语，后接 on/doing），均不符合搭配或语境。 【易错分析】① 易误选 B，忽略 pay 后需接 for（pay for sth.），题干中无 for，直接接 “her training”，搭配不当；② 易误选 D，spend 后需接 on 或 doing，如 spend money on training，题干中无相关介词，用法错误。 【解题关键】抓住 “too poor to（太穷而不能）” 的语境，明确是 “负担不起费用”，对应 afford 的用法；排除搭配不当的 B、C、D。 【命题创新点】结合 “家庭经济与教育” 的现实场景，考查动词在 “负担费用” 语境中的精准运用，侧重易混淆 “花费” 类动词的搭配区分，符合职业教育考试 “实用性” 考查原则。 专题归纳小结 一、专题核心内容全景覆盖 本次复习围绕春考英语 “动词体系” 展开，全面覆盖动词短语、情态动词、动词词义辨析、固定搭配四大核心模块，涵盖从基础用法到真题应用的完整知识链条。这些内容是春考英语单选、完形填空、语法填空等题型的高频考点，直接决定基础题型的得分率，且各模块相互关联、综合考查，是中职学生英语复习的核心重点。 二、核心考点专题归纳小结 （一）动词短语：考试占比最高，场景化记忆是关键 核心类别与高频短语 动作类：get off（下车）、look through（浏览）、come across（偶然发现）、set up（建立）、put out（扑灭）、cut in（插嘴） 逻辑类：lead to（导致）、fall apart（崩溃）、carry out（执行）、take advantage of（利用）、give up（放弃） 情感 / 关联类：remind sb. of sth.（使想起）、give away（捐赠）、look up to（尊敬）、look down on（轻视） 突发类：break out（火灾 / 战争突发）、catch fire（着火） 核心记忆与辨析原则 按 “动词词根 + 场景” 分类：如 look 系列、get 系列、give 系列，结合 “浏览照片”“建立公司” 等场景绑定短语，避免孤立记忆； 抓 “搭配特征”：牢记 “动词 + 介词” 固定组合（如 remind+of、pay+for），区分及物（需接宾语，如 look for sth.）与不及物（无需宾语，如 look around）短语。 （二）情态动词：易混点集中，规则 + 语境双突破 核心用法体系 义务 / 许可：must（必须）、should/ought to（应该）、may/can（可以）、need（需要） 猜测功能：must（强猜测，“一定”）、should（中强猜测，“按理说”）、may（弱猜测，“可能”）、might/could（最弱猜测，“或许”）、can’t（强否定猜测，“不可能”） 特殊规则：must 表 “必须” 时，否定回答用 don’t have to/needn’t（不必），而非 mustn’t（禁止）；may 表 “许可” 时，否定回答用 can’t/mustn’t（不可以） 关键区分技巧 猜测语气强弱排序：must > should > may > might/could； 否定猜测：“不可能” 用 can’t，“可能不” 用 may not/might not，禁止用 mustn’t 表猜测。 （三）动词词义辨析：基础必考点，精准区分是核心 高频易混动词组 借入 / 借出：borrow（借入，from）vs lend（借出，to） 花费类：afford（负担得起，人作主语）vs pay（支付，接 for）vs cost（物作主语）vs spend（人作主语，接 on/doing） 动作类：lose（迷路，lose one’s way）vs miss（错过）、win（赢比赛 / 荣誉）vs beat（打败对手） 状态 / 过程：be used to（习惯于，状态）vs get used to（逐渐适应，过程）vs used to do（过去常常） （四）固定搭配与非谓语动词：语法核心，牢记 “结构特征” 高频固定搭配 动词 + 不定式（to do）：would like to do、want to do、decide to do、afford to do 动词 + 动名词（doing）：be used to doing、get used to doing、give up doing、avoid doing、practice doing 特殊搭配：take advantage of、had better do（无 to）、needn’t do（情态动词）vs need to do（实义动词） 固定结构：would like to do、had better do。 三、针对性复习备考建议 （一）构建知识体系，拒绝碎片化记忆 制作 “核心考点思维导图”：以 “动词” 为核心，分支展开 “动词短语、情态动词、词义辨析、固定搭配、时态”，标注各模块的关联点（如 “动词短语 + 时态”“固定搭配 + 非谓语”）； 分类整理 “高频清单”： 动词短语按 “词根 + 场景” 整理（如 look 系列：浏览→look through、查阅→look up、寻找→look for）； 情态动词按 “功能 + 规则” 整理（如猜测功能：肯定 / 否定 / 语气强弱）； 固定搭配按 “结构类型” 整理（如 to do 类、doing 类、动词 + 介词类）。 （二）强化场景化练习，提升应用能力 真题驱动训练：优先练习黑龙江省职业教育分类考试、对口升学真题及模拟题，重点分析 “题干场景→考点匹配” 的逻辑（如 “火灾” 场景→break out，“捐赠” 场景→give away）； 专项突破易混点： 每天 1 组易混短语 / 动词辨析（如 remind of/off、borrow/lend），结合例句造句巩固； 情态动词猜测用法专项：针对 “现在 / 过去 / 将来” 的猜测场景（如 must have done 表过去强猜测）集中练习； 错题归类复盘：建立错题本，按 “短语搭配错误、情态动词误用、时态混淆、词义辨析错误” 分类，标注错误原因（如 “忘记 to 是介词，后接 doing”“混淆 must 的否定回答”），每周复盘 1 次。 （三）掌握实用解题技巧，提高答题效率 关键词定位法：抓取题干中 “场景词”（如 fire、bus、money）、“时间词”（yesterday、since）、“逻辑词”（because、so），快速锁定考点（如时间词 yesterday→一般过去时，场景词 fire→break out）； 排除法优先：对于选择题，先排除搭配错误的选项（如 remind off 直接排除），再排除语义不符的选项，缩小选择范围； 固定搭配优先验证：遇到涉及动词短语、非谓语的题目，先验证固定结构（如看到 would like，直接找 to do 选项），再结合语境确认。 （四）利用碎片时间，强化记忆巩固 每日背诵 10 分钟：聚焦高频短语、固定搭配、易混动词组，用 “口诀 + 例句” 辅助记忆（如情态动词猜测口诀、短语分类口诀）； 场景化联想记忆：日常生活中看到相关场景（如坐车下车→get off，整理物品发现旧物→come across），主动关联对应考点，强化记忆； 高频考点反复练：针对 “must 的否定回答”“be used to/get used to 的区别”“break out 的用法” 等易错高频考点，反复做专项题，直至形成条件反射。 （五）回归基础，规避复习误区 拒绝死记硬背：春考侧重语境应用，记忆短语、语法规则时，必须结合例句和场景，避免 “只记形式不记用法”； 不追求偏题难题：春考动词相关考点以基础为主，重点掌握核心短语、基础语法规则，无需花费过多时间在偏难怪题上； 重视本地真题：黑龙江省考题具有鲜明的 “生活化、场景化” 特点，优先吃透本地真题，总结命题规律（如高频场景、考点融合方式），针对性备考。 四、总结 动词体系是春考英语的 “得分核心”，各模块既相互独立又高度融合。复习的关键在于 “构建体系、场景绑定、精准区分、反复巩固”，通过分类归纳形成知识网络，结合真题场景强化应用，聚焦易错点专项突破，就能稳步提升基础题型的得分率，为春考英语取得好成绩奠定坚实基础。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $