Unit 8 Section Ⅱ Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语语言知识讲练核心，系统梳理8个重点词汇（如frozen, desperation等）的词性转换、固定搭配及用法，详解so...that...句型和形容词作状语等语法点，通过“即学即练”单句练习衔接基础知识点，再延伸至课文语法填空、阅读理解等综合语篇训练，构建从词汇到句型、从单句到语篇的渐进式学习支架。 资料亮点在于讲练结合且注重核心素养培养，词汇部分关联派生词（如desperation→desperate→desperately）和固定搭配（如at ease, depend on），强化语言能力；题型涵盖单句语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解等，引导学生分析语境、逻辑推理，提升思维品质；“即学即练”即时巩固与综合练习结合，助力学生掌握学习策略，提升学习能力。课中便于教师分层教学，课后学生可通过多样化练习自测，有效查漏补缺。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练 1．frozen adj．(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的 (1)freeze vt．　 (使)结冰；(使)冻住 freeze (sb．) to death　 (把某人)冻死 (2)freezing adj．　 冰冻的；极冷的 freezing cold　 极冷 freezing＝freezing point　 冰点 below/above freezing (point)　 冰点以下/上 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①This afternoon's sunshine could nudge the temperature above freezing (freeze)． ②The temperature remained below freezing (point) (冰点以下) throughout the day． ③Put another coat on，or you'll freeze to death out there (否则你在那里会冻死的)． 2．sweep n．挥动；打扫 vt．&vi．扫，打扫 sweep up　 打扫；整理 sweep aside　 用力把……堆到一边；对…… 　 置之不理；排除 sweep away　 扫除；刮走；冲走 sweep off　 扫去；大量清除 sweep over　 席卷；扫过 [即学即练]——单句语法填空 ①Get a broom and sweep up that glass，will you? ②She had to sweep aside all opposition before she could begin the journey． 3．desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切 (1)in desperation 　 拼命地；绝望地 out of desperation　 出于绝望 (2)desperate adj．　 不顾一切的；绝望的 make desperate efforts to do...　 拼命地要做…… be desperate to do...　 急切地想要做…… be desperate for...　 渴望得到…… in desperate need (of)　 极其需要(……) (3)desperately adv．　 绝望地；不顾一切地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①By then I was desperate for a holiday． ②He is desperate to pass (pass) the entrance examination． ③In desperation，Mrs Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain． ④Thousands who come daily are in desperate need of water，food and work (急需水、食品和工作)． 4．ease n．轻易，毫不费劲 vt．减轻；缓解 at ease　 舒适，快活，自由自在 feel/be at ease　 (感到)舒适而无忧虑； (感到)完全放松 with ease　 容易地；轻松地 put/set sb．at ease　 使某人放松 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①I never feel at ease in his company． ②He's prone to flit between subjects with amazing ease． ③Her direct simplicity put/set him at ease (使他感到很轻松)． 5．preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 (1)preserve vt．　 保存；保护；维护 n．　 保护区 preserve sb．/sth．(from sth．) 　 保护……免遭伤害 preserve sth．for　 为……而保存/保留某物 be well preserved　 保存得很好 keep sth．in preserve＝put sth．on preserve 　 保存/保留某物 (2)preservationist n．　 文物保护者；环境保护者 [即学即练]——单句语法填空 ①Pantanal is one of the world's greatest wildlife preserves (preserve)． ②People should preserve children from being hurt (hurt)． ③The house fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists (preservationist) have reconstructed the roof． 6．depend on 依靠；信赖；相信；指望 (1)depend on/upon sb．to do sth． 　 依靠某人做某事 depend on/upon sb．for sth．　 依靠某人供给某物 depend on/upon it that...　 指望；对……深信不疑 (2)That depends．/It (all) depends． 　 视情况而定。 [名师点津]　与depend on 意义和用法相同的短语还有rely on，count on。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①He depends on his parents to take (take) care of the children． ②Children depend on their parents for food and clothing． ③You may depend on/upon it that he will attend the meeting in time (指望他会及时参加会议)． 7． strike v．打；击；撞；碰；踢(球等)；划(火柴)；给(某人以……)印象；敲；鸣；报时 n．罢工；打击 (1)strike sb．＋介词＋the＋身体部位 　 击打某人某部位 be struck by/on/with...　 被……打动；迷恋…… It strikes sb．that...　 某人突然想起…… (2)be on strike　 在罢工 go on strike　 举行罢工 (3)striking adj．　 引人注目的；显著的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①But when the apple finally fell，it struck him on the head． ②He was struck by/on/with the artists' total absorption in their work． ③There is a striking (strike) contrast between the standard of living in the north of the country and the south． ④It strikes me that (我突然想起) there is no one at home． 8．evidently adv．明显地，显然 (1)evident adj．　 清楚的；显然的 It is evident (to sb．) that...＝It is obvious/clear/apparent (to sb．) that... 　 (对某人来说)显然…… (2)evidence n．　 证据 give/show/bear evidence of　 显示出……的迹象/证据 (be) in evidence　 显眼；显而易见 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions． ②We found further scientific evidence (evident) for this theory． ③The police were much in evidence (随处可见) at today's demonstration． 1．so...that...如此……，以至于…… (教材P36)　 The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat． 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①George had so little money that he had to get a job． ②It was such a bad accident that several people got injured． ③It is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it． →It is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it． 2．形容词作状语 (教材P37)　I held onto it；then I felt that I was being drawn up，that I was brought to the surface of the water，that my chest collapsed—my eyes closed，unconscious． 我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人在往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。 本句中的unconscious是形容词，作状语，表示伴随。形容词作状语还可表示原因、时间等，大多与前句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 [即学即练]——补全句子 ①These travellers returned to the hotel，tired and sleepy (又累又困)． ②Helpless(无助的)，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Brazil is caught up in its own dilemma between accelerated growth and environmental preservation (preserve)． 2．The hug was so warm that it felt like one between two old friends meeting again after a long time． 3．The man wore a bathrobe(浴衣) and had evidently (evident) just come from the bathroom． 4．He lay in the bed，staring at the roof，exhausted (exhaust)． 5．Her voice sank (sink)，and he moved closer to catch what she was saying． 6．The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium is called the freezing (freeze) point． 7．This toy can be taken apart and put together with ease． 8．The stone struck me on the side of the head． 9．Depend on it that we won't give up． 10．I was desperate to see (see) the manager and tell him the good news． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．会议非常重要，因此要求每个人都要参加。 It was so important a meeting that everybody was required to attend it． 2．看到那条蛇，所有的女孩站在那里，吓得说不出话来。 Seeing the snake，all the frightened girls stood there，unable to speak． 3．显而易见，每一次微小的勇敢举动都能累积成充满意义的人生成就。 It is evident that every small act of courage adds up to build a life full of meaningful achievements． 4．你可以相信所有的货物都会及时用船运到国外去。 You may depend on/upon it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time． 5．任何掉入这片冰冷湖泊的人都可能在几分钟内被冻死。 Anyone who falls into the freezing lake can be frozen to death in a few minutes． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 The crash was violent and I have no idea how I fell from the boat．I swam towards the boat in 1．desperation (desperate)．Suddenly，I was drawn up to the surface．It was Conseil 2．who/that told me to hold onto his shoulder to swim with 3．ease (easy)．Near one o'clock，I felt 4．terribly(terrible) tired and asked Conseil to leave me．As Conseil shouted for help，I thought a terrible animal came．I sank and 5．struck (strike) onto a hard body． I was brought to the surface 6．but，unconscious． When I woke up，I recognised Ned．He told me he was 7．fortunate (fortune) to find safety upon that large whale．But he found the creature was made 8．of steel，which was smooth，9．polished (polish)，nothing like an animal．When the daybreak appeared，a man appeared and then eight strong men，with their faces 10．covered (cover)，drew us down into their machine． 课时提升作业(五) (UNIT 8　Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3) (总分：55分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．She wandered (徘徊) aimlessly around the streets． 2．The boat was beginning to sink (下沉) fast． 3．The ease (轻易) with which she learns languages is astonishing． 4．The ball hit the post and bounced (弹起) in． 5．She grabbed (抓住) at the branch，missed and fell． Ⅱ．选词填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) at ease；depend on；struggle against；in desperation；nothing like 1．From then on，mother and daughter have depended on each other for survival． 2．There is nothing like a college town to make you feel old before your time． 3．I won't feel at ease until you come back safely． 4．Do you feel cold and lost in desperation? 5．After I struggled against the floodwater for more than half an hour，finally the water was cleaned up． Ⅲ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Besides “wow” and “great”，what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space？Samantha Cristoforetti，the first Italian female astronaut in space，posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on the Internet to share her joy． She first wrote in Chinese，and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English to help more people understand．“Looking up，I see the immensity of the cosmos；bowing my head，I look at the multitude of the world．The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its peak，and indeed，this is true happiness，” it said．Two days before she landed on Earth，the beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on her social media account．Before long，her posts went viral with thousands of reposts，likes and replies． The text she quoted is from the Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion，a Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi (303—361) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317—420)．She also attached three photos taken in space of China's Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing．“The poem and views are both magnificent as well as healing．If everyone could enjoy the same sight，a lot of pain in the world would be ‘dissipated’，” one user commented． As the first Italian female astronaut in space，Cristoforetti carried out her first space mission on November 23，2014．In 2022，she started the second mission in April and returned to Earth on Friday night after a 127-day stay in orbit． Cristoforetti has also been active in Sino-European cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight．She was a working group member with Chinese counterparts to define and implement cooperation in the field of astronaut operations．When not traveling for work，she is an eager reader and has a great passion for languages．Speaking clear Chinese，Cristoforetti once told the media that the teams from China and Europe were working very well together in the field of astronaut training． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位意大利女性宇航员将一首中国诗歌放在网上，得到众多网友的喜爱和转发。 1．What is the result of Cristoforetti's post online? A．The birth of a masterpiece． B．A trend of journey to space． C．An instant hot issue on the Internet． D．Different translations of the lines． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Two days before she landed on Earth，the beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on her social media account．Before long，her posts went viral with thousands of reposts，likes and replies．”可知，Cristoforetti在网上发布的帖子立即成为了热门话题。故选C。] 2．Which word below can be used to replace the underlined word “dissipated” in paragraph 3? A．Relieved．　 B．Caused． C．Increased． 　 D．Recognised． A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The poem and views are both magnificent as well as healing．”可知，这首诗和风景有治愈能力，所以如果每个人都能欣赏到同样的景象，那么世界上的许多痛苦就会“缓解”。由此可知，画线词dissipated与relieved(缓解，减轻)意思接近。故选A。] 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Cristoforetti's devotion to her career． B．Cristoforetti's language learning strategies． C．The leadership Cristoforetti plays in her team． D．The possible motivation for Cristoforetti's post． D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When not traveling for work，she is an eager reader and has a great passion for languages．Speaking clear Chinese，Cristoforetti once told the media that the teams from China and Europe were working very well together in the field of astronaut training．”可知，Cristoforetti和中国的宇航员合作得很好，而且是一个热衷于阅读的语言爱好者。由此推知，这也许就是她发这个帖子的初衷。故选D。] 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．An Italian Astronaut shows the Beauty of Ancient Chinese composition in Space B．A Chinese Poem Gets Popular Abroad C．Literature Conveys the Beauty of Space D．An Italian Astronaut Promotes Sino-European Cooperation A　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是根据第二段的内容可知，文章主要讲述了一位意大利女性宇航员在太空发布了几句中国古代著名诗词，得到了众多网友的喜爱与转发。由此可知，A项适合作为本文最佳标题。故选A。] Ⅳ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) On my desk lies a note．It's a card from my mother，containing only four sentences，but 　1　 enough to change my life．In it，she 　2　 my abilities as a writer without qualification．Each sentence is filled with 　3　，offering specific examples of what my pursuit has meant to her and my father．The word “but” never 　4　； however，the word “and” is there many times． Every time I read it，I'm 　5　 to ask myself if I'm doing the same thing for my daughter．Although she usually gets all A's on her report card，her teachers always suggest she 　6　 too much in class．I 　7　 forget to ask them if she is improving in controlling her behavior．Instead，I would greet her with “Congratulations! Your Dad and I are proud of your 　8　，and could you try to tone it down in class？” The fact is that “but” feels bad and “and” feels good．When children feel good about themselves，they do more of it，building their self-confidence and their harmonious 　9　 to others． This is not to say that children won't 　10　 to their parents' expectations．They will 　11　 whether those expectations are good or bad．Amazing things 　12　 when those expectations are 　13　 positive：“I see you made a 　14　．And I know you are intelligent enough to 　15　 what you did wrong and make a better decision next time．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在母亲的感召下很少说“但是”，而是通过多说“和”的方式对孩子进行爱的教育，让孩子们在快乐中成长。 1．A．potential　　 B．sincere C．influential 　 D．realistic C　[根据前文“containing only four sentences，but”可知，尽管只有四句话，但是极具影响力，足以改变我的一生。故选C项。] 2．A．enhances 　 B．praises C．recommends 　 D．considers B　[根据后文“Instead，I would greet her with ‘Congratulations! Your Dad and I are proud of your ________...’”可知，作者的母亲总是表扬作者。故选B项。] 3．A．love 　 B．insight C．wisdom 　 D．beauty A　[根据后文“offering specific examples of what my pursuit has meant to her and my father”可知，作者的母亲很欣赏作者的写作能力，给她的卡片里的每句话都充满了爱。故选A项。] 4．A．appears 　 B．escapes C．differs 　 D．occurs A　[根据后文“however，the word‘and’is there many times”可知，此处表示语义转折，“and”出现了许多次，那么“but”应该是从来没有出现过。故选A项。] 5．A．evaluated 　 B．approved C．pretended 　 D．reminded D　[根据后文“ask myself if I'm doing the same thing for my daughter”可知，这张卡片提醒作者如何教育子女。故选D项。] 6．A．demands 　 B．talks C．interacts 　 D．communicates B　[根据后文“...but could you try to tone it down in class？”可知，此处表示作者的女儿成绩很好，但是上课爱说话。故选B项。] 7．A．never 　 B．nearly C．barely 　 D．always D　[根据后文“Instead，I would greet her with‘Congratulations...’”可知，作者在得知女儿上课爱说话后，并没有去了解太多，相反地，她选择直接去鼓励女儿，因此推断此处指她总是忘记问老师女儿的行为是否有所改善。故选D项。] 8．A．accomplishment 　 B．expectation C．participation 　 D．adaptation A　[根据前文“Although she usually gets all A's”可知，作者对女儿的成绩很满意，感到骄傲和自豪。故选A项。] 9．A．restrictions 　 B．definition C．connections 　 D．reputation C　[根据前文“When children feel good about themselves，they do more of it，building their self-confidence and”可知，孩子们对自己感觉好，就会做更多，会增强信心，增强他们与他人的和谐关系。故选C项。] 10．A．refer 　 B．adapt C．respond 　 D．apply C　[根据前文“This is not to say that children won't”和后文“They will ________ whether those expectations are good or bad．”可知，作者是辩证地去分析问题，认为不是孩子不“回应”父母的期望。故选C项。] 11．A．in terms of 　 B．regardless of C．owing to 　 D．according to B　[根据前文“This is not to say that children won't ________ to their parents' expectations．They will...”可知，孩子们会回应父母的期待，不管这些期待是好还是坏。故选B项。] 12．A．happen 　 B．collapse C．exist 　 D．expand A　[根据后文“when those expectations are ________ positive”可知，当那些期望是“积极向上的”，奇迹就会发生。故选A项。] 13．A．constantly 　 B．accidentally C．consistently 　 D．eventually C　[根据前文“Amazing things ________”可知，此处指当那些期望始终是积极的，奇妙的事情就会发生。故选C项。] 14．A．choice 　 B．breakthrough C．decision 　 D．mistake D　[根据后文“what you did wrong”可知，此处说的是孩子犯了错误。故选D项。] 15．A．put forward 　 B．figure out C．benefit from 　 D．make sure B　[根据前文“I know you are intelligent enough”和后文“make a better decision next time”可知，此处是说孩子足够聪明，能自己弄清楚错误，下次会做出更好的决定。故选B项。] Ⅴ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Cheering，dancing and singing，local people and tourists gathered around the fire during the Torch Festival of the Yi people in Guizhou，on Aug． 12．The festival was listed 1．______ a national intangible cultural heritage in 2011．Though there are many descriptions of the origin of the festival，it 2．________ (most) relates to the natural worship (崇拜) of fire．For the early Yi people 3．________ (live) in mountainous areas，fire was essential to light，warm，and cook food．There was 4．________ old practice：Before bringing animal meat into the home，a small fire must first be lit outside the door and the meat should 5．________ (smoke) on the fire to drive away unpleasant things．That's why the Yi people say “Everything you eat must ‘see fire’”． In farming，they used to light piles of branches and 6．________ (leaf) and bury them in the ground later，using them 7．________ (fertilize) the land．The Yi people used to celebrate the festival as a way to pray for a good harvest and to drive away bad things from 8．______ (they) homes and farmland．So far，it 9．______ (become) a social event through which the Yi people not only share their joy and thanks for their good life，10．______ get more people to understand their lifestyle and traditions． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彝族火把节的起源和庆祝方式。 1．as　[考查介词。句意：2011年，该节日被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。此处是固定搭配：be listed as意为“被列为”。故填as。] 2．mostly　[考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，应该用副词修饰。故填mostly。] 3．living　[考查非谓语动词。live和逻辑主语Yi people之间是主动关系，用动词-ing形式。故填living。] 4．an　[考查不定冠词。此处泛指一个做法，应用不定冠词来修饰，且old发音是以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。] 5．be smoked　[考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知，smoke作本句谓语，和主语meat之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词should，后接动词原形。故填be smoked。] 6．leaves　[考查名词复数。根据and可知，空处和branches并列，应填名词，leaf意为“树叶”，为可数名词，此处应填复数形式。故填leaves。] 7．to fertilize　[考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配：use sth．to do sth．，意为“用某物做某事”。故填to fertilize。] 8．their　[考查代词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，所以填形容词性物主代词。故填their。] 9．has become　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，become为本句谓语，和主语it之间是主动关系，根据时间状语so far可知用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has become。] 10．but　[考查连词。此处是固定搭配：not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。] 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $