内容正文:
Unit 1 Asia单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、核心词汇(带*部分为重点词汇)
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tiring adj. 使人疲劳的,累人的
step n.台阶;梯级
*Chinese knot n. 中国结
*Chinese opera n. 中国戏曲
*Chinese paper-cutting n. 中国剪纸
chopsticks n.[复]筷子
*dragon dance n. 舞龙
middle n. 中间,中央
in the middle of 在…中间
*emperor n.皇帝
raising n. 升高
flag n. 旗帜
*landscape n.风景;地形
*attraction n.向往的地方;吸引
*watchtower n.瞭望塔
wonder n.奇迹
lie vi.位于
shape n.形状,外形
underground adj. 地下的
*cave n.洞穴
hang vi.& vt. 垂下;悬挂
point vi.指,指向
*upwards adv.向上
*hire vt.积用;雇用
eastern adj.东部的,东方的
south-east n., adj.& adv.东南方
*location n.地点,方位
take up 占据(空间);占用(时间)
quarter n.四分之一
either det. & pron. 两者之一
level n.水平
service n.服务;工作
*Japanese adj.日本(人)的
state n.国家;州
*Hindi n. 印地语
*billion mum.十亿
population n.人口
*iron n.铁
IT abbr. (= information technology )信息技术
technology n.技术
custom n. 风俗,习俗
fair n. 集市;庙会;展览会
*sari n. 莎丽(印度妇女民族服饰)
Indian adj. 印度(人)的
二、核心短语
keep moving勇往直前
tiring work令人疲惫的工作
climb the steps 爬台阶
had better do sth最好做某事
Chinese knot 中国结
Chinese opera 中国戏曲
Chinese paper-cutting 中国剪纸
dragon dance 舞龙
travel around 环游
a kind of 一种
in the middle of在……中间
beautiful landscape美丽的景观
lie in位于
in the shape of…的形状
take up占据,占用
the population of ……的人口
high technology高科技
local custom 当地风俗
special things 特别的事情
ask for suggestions寻求建议
the capital of ……的首都
traditional Chinese art中国传统艺术
art treasure艺术珍宝
wonders of the world世界奇观
the raising of the national flag升旗
an ancient city of culture一座文化古城
look down 俯视,往下看
be used to (doing) sth 习惯(做)某事
watch the raising of the national flag 看升国旗
the second largest population 第二大人口
in the east of China 在中国东部
traditional clothes for women 女性传统服饰
communicate with … 和……沟通
take a boat trip 乘船旅行
the biggest city square in the world 世界上最大的城市广场
ride around the countryside 骑行环游乡村
be open to … 对……开放
be famous as … 作为……而出名
three quarters 四分之三
public transport 公共交通
a high level of service 高水平的服务
iron and steel industry 钢铁产业
tourist attraction 旅游景点
三、重点句型
1.It’s tiring to climb the steps, and my feet hurt. 爬台阶好累,我的脚好疼。
2.In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City.
在北京古城的中心是故宫,也叫紫禁城。
3.With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside it, it is well worth a visit.
里面有许多绝妙的建筑和艺术珍品,非常值得一去。
4.Many tourists like to gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag.
许多游客喜欢一大早聚集在那里观看升国旗。
5.East or west, Guilin landscape is best.桂林山水甲天下。
6. It is also popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside.
租一辆自行车周游乡村也很流行。
7.In the north-west of Beijing is the Summer Palace, a large Chinese garden set in a natural
landscape.
在北京的西北部是颐和园,一座坐落在自然景观中的大型中国园林。
8.It runs for over 6,000 kilometres across northern China, with watchtowers every few hundred
metres. 它横跨中国北部,全长6000公里,每隔几百米就有一个瞭望塔。
9.It is one of the wonders of the world. 它是世界奇观之一。
10.East or west, Guilin landscape is best. 东好西好,桂林风景最好。
11.It lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River. 它位于漓江的两岸。
12.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes.
在城市的四周,山以不同的形状矗立着。
13.In this underground cave, it is amazing that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes—some
hang down, and others point upwards. The cave is praised as the “Art Palace of Nature”.
在这个地下洞穴里,令人惊奇的是有这么多形状怪异的岩石——有些向下,有些向上。
这个洞穴被誉为“大自然的艺术宫殿”。
14.It is also popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside.
租一辆自行车环绕乡村骑行也很受欢迎。
15.As an old saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
俗话说:“不到长城非好汉。”
16.The lake is very big—it takes up three quarters of the area.
这个湖很大。它占了这个地区四分之三的面积。
17.Across the lake is a17-hole bridge. There are many stone lions on either side of it.
湖的对面是一座17洞的桥。它的两边有很多石狮子。
18.Japan is the second country we are going to visit in Asia.
日本是我们将要参观的第二个亚洲国家。
四、核心语法
代词it的用法
1.1. It is + adj + of sb. + (not) to do sth.
It’s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.句型在英语中运用较为频繁,尤其在口语中。该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪,其实相当于感叹句。如:
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我,真是太好了!
该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类:
(1) 表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly等, 如:
It’s silly of him to do such a thing. 他竟干出这样的事,真是愚蠢!
(2) 表示正确或错误的形容词,有 right, wrong, correct, incorrect 等, 如:
It was right of her not to come here. 她没有来这儿,太对了!
(3) 表示好坏等品性的形容词,此类词较多,有 good, nice, kind, sweet, friendly, lovely等, 如:
It’s friendly of you to come and see me. 你能来看我,真够朋友!
(4) 表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词,有brave, polite, careless, selfish等,如:
It was brave of you to manage to do it. 你居然能做成这件事,真勇敢!
【辨析】It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.结构是一个陈述句, 表示说话人对客观事件的决断, 比较正式,希望大家学习时注意。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous,(im)possible等。
例:It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
2. be + adj. + enough + to do sth.
此句型表示“(某人、某物)足够做某事”,例如:
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 我够高能够到树顶。
(1) 此句型若是肯定句时,可以用主+be+so+adj.+that的句型(即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句)来替换。
The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个孩子到了上学年龄。
=The boy is so old that he can go to school.
(2) 此句型若是否定句式时,既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换,还可以用too…to…句式替换。例:
He is not old enough to go to work. 他太小不能去上班。
=He is so young that he can’t go to work. = He is too young to go to work..
The box is not light enough for me to carry. 这个箱子太重我搬不动。
=The box is too heavy for me to carry. = The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
2.It 用作形式主语
1) 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
It is no use arguing about it.
(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
2) It 作形式主语的常见句型:
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
该句型常见动词有:say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
⑤ 若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式(to do sth.),句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
3.It 用作形式宾语
1) 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
2) 下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语:
① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等);
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句;
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
【拓展】it的特殊用法
1.it作形式主语的句型
①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……
(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:
It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。
②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……
(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:
It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。
It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。
③It’s +adj.+that从句
It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。
④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句
It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。
⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。
⑥It is+done+that从句。如:
It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……
It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知……
2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:
I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。
$Unit 1 Asia单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、核心词汇(带*部分为重点词汇)
1 / 4
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
_____________ adj. 使人疲劳的,累人的
_____________ n.台阶;梯级
*_____________ n. 中国结
*_____________ n. 中国戏曲
*_____________ n. 中国剪纸
_____________ n.[复]筷子
*_____________ n. 舞龙
_____________ n. 中间,中央
_____________ 在…中间
*_____________ n.皇帝
_____________ n. 升高
_____________ n. 旗帜
*_____________ n.风景;地形
*_____________ n.向往的地方;吸引
*_____________ n.瞭望塔
_____________ n.奇迹
_____________ vi.位于
_____________ n.形状,外形
_____________ adj. 地下的
*_____________ n.洞穴
_____________ vi.& vt. 垂下;悬挂
_____________ vi.指,指向
*_____________ adv.向上
*_____________ vt.积用;雇用
_____________ adj.东部的,东方的
_____________ n., adj.& adv.东南方
*_____________ n.地点,方位
_____________ 占据(空间);占用(时间)
_____________ n.四分之一
_____________ det. & pron. 两者之一
_____________ n.水平
_____________ n.服务;工作
*_____________ adj.日本(人)的
_____________ n.国家;州
*_____________ n. 印地语
*_____________ mum.十亿
_____________ n.人口
*_____________ n.铁
_________abbr. (= information technology )信息技术
_____________ n.技术
_____________ n. 风俗,习俗
_____________ n. 集市;庙会;展览会
*_____________ n. 莎丽(印度妇女民族服饰)
_____________ adj. 印度(人)的
二、核心短语
_____________________勇往直前
_____________________令人疲惫的工作
_____________________ 爬台阶
_____________________最好做某事
_____________________ 中国结
_____________________ 中国戏曲
_____________________ 中国剪纸
_____________________舞龙
_____________________环游
_____________________一种
_____________________在……中间
_____________________美丽的景观
_____________________位于
_____________________…的形状
_____________________占据,占用
_____________________……的人口
_____________________高科技
_____________________当地风俗
_____________________特别的事情
_____________________寻求建议
____________________ ……的首都
_____________________中国传统艺术
_____________________艺术珍宝
_____________________世界奇观
_____________________升旗
_____________________一座文化古城
_____________________ 俯视,往下看
_____________________ 习惯(做)某事
_____________________看升国旗
_____________________第二大人口
_____________________在中国东部
_____________________女性传统服饰
_____________________ 和……沟通
_____________________ 乘船旅行
_____________________ 世界上最大的城市广场
_____________________骑行环游乡村
_____________________ 对……开放
_____________________作为……而出名
_____________________四分之三
_____________________公共交通
_____________________ 高水平的服务
_____________________ 钢铁产业
_____________________旅游景点
三、重点句型
1.It’s tiring to climb the steps, and my feet hurt. 爬台阶好累,我的脚好疼。
2.In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City.
在北京古城的中心是故宫,也叫紫禁城。
3.With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside it, it is well worth a visit.
里面有许多绝妙的建筑和艺术珍品,非常值得一去。
4.Many tourists like to gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag.
许多游客喜欢一大早聚集在那里观看升国旗。
5.East or west, Guilin landscape is best.桂林山水甲天下。
6. It is also popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside.
租一辆自行车周游乡村也很流行。
7.In the north-west of Beijing is the Summer Palace, a large Chinese garden set in a natural
landscape.
在北京的西北部是颐和园,一座坐落在自然景观中的大型中国园林。
8.It runs for over 6,000 kilometres across northern China, with watchtowers every few hundred
metres. 它横跨中国北部,全长6000公里,每隔几百米就有一个瞭望塔。
9.It is one of the wonders of the world. 它是世界奇观之一。
10.East or west, Guilin landscape is best. 东好西好,桂林风景最好。
11.It lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River. 它位于漓江的两岸。
12.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes.
在城市的四周,山以不同的形状矗立着。
13.In this underground cave, it is amazing that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes—some
hang down, and others point upwards. The cave is praised as the “Art Palace of Nature”.
在这个地下洞穴里,令人惊奇的是有这么多形状怪异的岩石——有些向下,有些向上。
这个洞穴被誉为“大自然的艺术宫殿”。
14.It is also popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside.
租一辆自行车环绕乡村骑行也很受欢迎。
15.As an old saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
俗话说:“不到长城非好汉。”
16.The lake is very big—it takes up three quarters of the area.
这个湖很大。它占了这个地区四分之三的面积。
17.Across the lake is a17-hole bridge. There are many stone lions on either side of it.
湖的对面是一座17洞的桥。它的两边有很多石狮子。
18.Japan is the second country we are going to visit in Asia.
日本是我们将要参观的第二个亚洲国家。
四、核心语法
代词it的用法
1.1. It is + adj + of sb. + (not) to do sth.
It’s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.句型在英语中运用较为频繁,尤其在口语中。该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪,其实相当于感叹句。如:
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我,真是太好了!
该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类:
(1) 表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly等, 如:
It’s silly of him to do such a thing. 他竟干出这样的事,真是愚蠢!
(2) 表示正确或错误的形容词,有 right, wrong, correct, incorrect 等, 如:
It was right of her not to come here. 她没有来这儿,太对了!
(3) 表示好坏等品性的形容词,此类词较多,有 good, nice, kind, sweet, friendly, lovely等, 如:
It’s friendly of you to come and see me. 你能来看我,真够朋友!
(4) 表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词,有brave, polite, careless, selfish等,如:
It was brave of you to manage to do it. 你居然能做成这件事,真勇敢!
【辨析】It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.结构是一个陈述句, 表示说话人对客观事件的决断, 比较正式,希望大家学习时注意。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous,(im)possible等。
例:It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
2. be + adj. + enough + to do sth.
此句型表示“(某人、某物)足够做某事”,例如:
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 我够高能够到树顶。
(1) 此句型若是肯定句时,可以用主+be+so+adj.+that的句型(即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句)来替换。
The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个孩子到了上学年龄。
=The boy is so old that he can go to school.
(2) 此句型若是否定句式时,既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换,还可以用too…to…句式替换。例:
He is not old enough to go to work. 他太小不能去上班。
=He is so young that he can’t go to work. = He is too young to go to work..
The box is not light enough for me to carry. 这个箱子太重我搬不动。
=The box is too heavy for me to carry. = The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
2.It 用作形式主语
1) 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
It is no use arguing about it.
(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
2) It 作形式主语的常见句型:
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
该句型常见动词有:say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
⑤ 若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式(to do sth.),句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
3.It 用作形式宾语
1) 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
2) 下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语:
① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等);
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句;
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
【拓展】it的特殊用法
1.it作形式主语的句型
①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……
(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:
It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。
②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……
(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:
It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。
It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。
③It’s +adj.+that从句
It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。
④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句
It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。
⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。
⑥It is+done+that从句。如:
It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……
It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知……
2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:
I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。
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