精品解析：广东省梅州农业学校2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

2022-2023学年度第二学期梅州农业学校英语期末试题 中职二年级 （共11题，共100分） 一、完形填空：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。 Michael is an Iraq and Afghanistan war veteran (老兵). Three years ago, he couldn’t leave the house ____1____. He felt uncomfortable and anxious in ____2____ places, but that all changed after he got his assistance dog Ojai. “When my wife wasn’t with me, I was a ____3____. Because I get ____4____, I couldn’t go into public by myself. But ____5____ I had Ojai, I could go out on the subway or at a restaurant. I needn’t ____6____ my wife for everything.” Ojai was ____7____ at Canine Companions for Independence, an organization that provides assistance dogs to people with ____8____. Like Ojai, these dogs can ____9____ dropped items, open and close doors, and know over 40 advanced commands. Among them, Labrador (拉布拉多犬) offers the best in ____10____, being versatile (多才多艺的) , being big enough to ____11____ the daily commands like turning on a light switch, and being ____12____ enough to be able to fit easily on a plane or train and stay ____13____. They begin training as puppies for 18 months to learn ____14____ socialization skills. Then, they returned to the main training center for another six months of further training with ____15____instructors. When that’s completed, ____16____ half of the dogs graduate with marks high enough to be ____17____ with a person who needs its help. To Michael, Ojai is ____18____ the eyes, “Ojai and I are a(n) ____19____, so what I do he does, what he does I do. He is a loyal helper, a dedicated friend, and the ____20____ companion.” 1. A. normally B. alone C. straight D. often 2. A. unfamiliar B. private C. public D. remote 3. A. mess B. puzzle C. danger D. trouble 4 A. confused B. overwhelmed C. annoyed D. thrilled 5. A. once B. while C. until D. since 6. A. learn from B. call up C. rely on D. take in 7. A. born B. trained C. bought D. observed 8. A. disabilities B. depression C. inconvenience D. injuries 9. A. set out B. pick out C. set up D. pick up 10. A. performance B. ambition C. adaptability D. curiosity 11. A. meet B. allow C. understand D. explore 12. A. calm B. healthy C. small D. pretty 13. A. in turn B. out of the way C. by chance D. on purpose 14. A. basic B. physical C. standard D. mature 15. A. flexible B. enthusiastic C. responsible D. professional 16. A. constantly B. instantly C. toughly D. roughly 17 A. paired B. selected C. accompanied D. mixed 18. A. rather than B. more than C. other than D. less than 19. A. couple B. family C. unit D. team 20. A. amusing B. fascinating C. devoted D. touched 二、阅读理解题：本大题共3小题，每小题10分，共30分。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” — the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes — one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother”. 21. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 22. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 23. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”? A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 24. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around 25. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment B Indians of all ages are thronging (蜂拥而至) to the movie “Gandhi”. Ticket prices are low and people are eager to learn some of their country’s history. The movie has broken a ten-year attendance record. It tells the story of Gandhi’s life and of India’s fight for independence from Great Britain. The Indian government removed the usual 60 percent tax on tickets for “Gandhi”, making the price only 40 cents. This is, however, still quite expensive, since the average worker’s daily wage is less than $1. “Gandhi is known as the father of our nation,” said one government official. “We would like our young people to get to know him and many of the other generation have almost forgotten him.” “In Indian theaters we like music and fights during movies. But during this film you could have heard a pin drop.” said one salesman. But Gandhi’s message of non-violence puzzles some young people. “If somebody is hitting you and you don’t respond (回应), he’s going to hit you again and again,” said a 31-year-old teacher. But an elderly man who remembered seeing Gandhi at prayer meetings in the 1930s and 1940s disagreed. “I was a follower of Gandhi and still am,” he said. “If none-violence could remove the British Empire, why shouldn’t it work in other situations? But it’s a very difficult way of life.” 26. Many people went to see the movie “Gandhi” mainly because ________. A. the ticket prices were low enough B. many Indians had almost forgotten Gandhi C. Gandhi was the father of their nation D. they very much wanted to know some Indian history 27. The government had the movie ticket price lowered ________. A. so as to encourage poor people to see the movie B. so people feel it too cheap C. so that young people could like the movie D. so that people will accept Gandhi’s ideas 28. From the underlined sentence we can infer that ________. A. the audience were all moved to tears B. it was the first silent film in India C. all the people in the cinema were asleep D. this film is different from other Indian films 29. Gandhi is still held in great respect ________. A. and his ideas are accepted by all the Indian people B. though his ideas are not accepted by all the Indian people C. but his ideas has proved wrong D. but his ideas are completely ignored 30. Which of the following statements is true? A. Everybody understands Gandhi’s message of non-violence. B. Gandhi’s non-violence way of struggle still has a number of followers. C. Without the film, nobody will remember Gandhi in India. D. People prefer seeing movies with music and fights to Gandhi. C When my vision-challenged daughter was 3, and I was pregnant with my second child, we got her glasses. It was a long process involving many different opticians (配镜师) over the course of a year, because of my daughter’s overwhelming desire to scream and fly into a temper any time we tried to have her eyes examined. The fourth optician was amazing — while my daughter didn’t cooperate, she performed various miracles and managed what she called a “best guess” at her prescription. “Start with this,” she said. “When she realizes she can see better, bring her back, and we can try for something more accurate.” I didn’t want to pay $300 for glasses that might be replaced in a month’s time, so I decided to bring her straight to a Walmart optical. Things were going on well, until the optician needed to take an additional measurement, which would involve holding a ruler up to her eyes and measuring the distance between the outer comer of one eye and the inner corner of the other. “Are you sure you need the measurement?” I asked. “She’s really not cooperative when it comes to the eye-testing stuff.” “We definitely need to have it, we can’t fill her prescription without it.” the optician said. But my daughter would not let the optician anywhere near her face with the small plastic ruler. She started yelling and crying, and we took her off to the side and promised we’d get ice cream afterward if she let the nice lady hold the ruler near her nose! The optician gave us the ruler, thinking we would have an easier time, but when my daughter knew we needed to hold the ruler near her face, which, in toddler logic, meant a life-or-death situation, she prevented us from getting anywhere near her. Finally, my husband and I agreed that one of us would have to hold her down and the other would take the measurement. I sat on the floor trying to hold her head still while my husband tried to get an accurate reading on that stupid ruler. Despite her struggle and scream, we finally got it. My daughter stopped crying three seconds later and went back to play as if nothing had happened. There is no version of this story where I feel comfortable using physical force on my child, even if it was for her own good. I felt awful — wondering, if I were a better parent, would I magically know what to say to get her cooperation? The weeks spent with a special book about wearing glasses, telling her how great glasses were... I could feel tears welling up and I thought, “I can’t cry. I’m sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical centre. I can’t cry here.” And there it was — the final thing I could not bear. It was only noon, and the day had already reduced me to sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical physically holding my screaming toddler down to press a ruler against her face and do it for the packed Saturday audience of all the Walmart checkout counters. I cried. Big, shoulder-shaking sobs. Sitting right there on the floor of a Walmart, behind the optical counter. Five days later, the Walmart optical centre called. They said my daughters glasses were ready for pickup and I should schedule an appointment with the optician so that we can have them properly fitted. I said I’d be picking up the glasses alone and we would do the fitting another day. She insisted that the fitting was crucial, to which I replied, “I don’t know if you were working last Saturday, but my daughter is really not cooperating on this whole glasses thing. I’d prefer to just pick them up.” Silence. Then she said, “I was there last Saturday, I remember you. Absolutely, you can pick them up any time.” 31. Why did the daughter scream and yell when the measurement was taken for her glasses? A. Because she didn’t like the opticians. B. Because she was afraid that she would die. C. Because her parents didn’t give her ice cream. D. Because she had little knowledge of taking measurement for glasses. 32. In Para 1, the writer described the work of the fourth optician in a(n) ________ tone. A. ironic B. straightforward C. critical D. approving 33. Why did the writer cry in the Walmart? A. Because she found it hard to educate her daughter. B Because she felt she could have done in a better way. C Because she strongly felt a sense of failure as a mother. D. Because she felt it a shame to be watched by so many customers. 34. According to the last paragraph, the optician in the Walmart can be described as ________. A. tolerant B. trustworthy C. considerate D. casual 35. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. A Story of Glasses B. My Big Fat Walmart Cry C. A Great Lesson for Parents D. My Struggle with My Daughter 三、短文填空：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分 根据语境和单词适当形式完成对话 Babara: You look ____36____ (tire). What’s the matter with you? Bob: Nothing serious. I want to have a job after graduation. I am under great pressure. Babara: Do you find that ____37____ is difficult to find a suitable job this year? Bob: Yes. Now college graduates ____38____ (encourage) to start their own business, which sounds really good for us. At the same time, we can get some valuable social ____39____ and we may also know more about ourselves and society. Babara: Yes, but it is not as easy ____40____ you imagine. For college students there are a lot of problems, especially the one of not having enough money. And our education doesn’t provide enough knowledge on how to solve it. Bob: Maybe you are right. But our government allows college graduates to borrow money from banks ____41____ maybe some can get money from their parents. Babara: But you have to pay back the money sooner or ____42____. So some college graduates prefer to live a ____43____ (peace) life rather than start their own businesses through job-hunting which is competitive. Bob: Oh, they don’t have dreams. But I have made ____44____ my mind to achieve my dream. How about you? Babara: Well, it always takes time to consider before ____45____ (make) a decision. 四、翻译题：本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。 46. 根据汉语意思完成句子 在这个遥远的小山村住着一群知道如何永葆青春的人们。 Far away in this small village ________. 47. 根据汉语意思完成句子 在这所大学，学生们可以决定想要上哪位老师的课。 In this university, the students can decide the teacher ________. 48. 根据汉语意思和括号中的单词提示补全英语句子 他不太重视学习令他的父母非常担心。 ________________ makes his parents very worried. (attach) 49. 根据汉语提示，用所给的英语单词完成句子。 为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。 The community college has to cut down on staff ________. (save) 50. 根据汉语提示，用所给的英语单词完成句子。 You ________ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards (interrupt) 你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。 五、写作题（共1题，共25分） 51. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间； 2. 合适的礼物； 3. 餐桌礼仪。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2022-2023学年度第二学期梅州农业学校英语期末试题 中职二年级 （共11题，共100分） 一、完形填空：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。 Michael is an Iraq and Afghanistan war veteran (老兵). Three years ago, he couldn’t leave the house ____1____. He felt uncomfortable and anxious in ____2____ places, but that all changed after he got his assistance dog Ojai. “When my wife wasn’t with me, I was a ____3____. Because I get ____4____, I couldn’t go into public by myself. But ____5____ I had Ojai, I could go out on the subway or at a restaurant. I needn’t ____6____ my wife for everything.” Ojai was ____7____ at Canine Companions for Independence, an organization that provides assistance dogs to people with ____8____. Like Ojai, these dogs can ____9____ dropped items, open and close doors, and know over 40 advanced commands. Among them, Labrador (拉布拉多犬) offers the best in ____10____, being versatile (多才多艺的) , being big enough to ____11____ the daily commands like turning on a light switch, and being ____12____ enough to be able to fit easily on a plane or train and stay ____13____. They begin training as puppies for 18 months to learn ____14____ socialization skills. Then, they returned to the main training center for another six months of further training with ____15____instructors. When that’s completed, ____16____ half of the dogs graduate with marks high enough to be ____17____ with a person who needs its help. To Michael, Ojai is ____18____ the eyes, “Ojai and I are a(n) ____19____, so what I do he does, what he does I do. He is a loyal helper, a dedicated friend, and the ____20____ companion.” 1. A. normally B. alone C. straight D. often 2. A. unfamiliar B. private C. public D. remote 3. A. mess B. puzzle C. danger D. trouble 4. A. confused B. overwhelmed C. annoyed D. thrilled 5. A. once B. while C. until D. since 6. A. learn from B. call up C. rely on D. take in 7. A. born B. trained C. bought D. observed 8 A. disabilities B. depression C. inconvenience D. injuries 9. A. set out B. pick out C. set up D. pick up 10. A. performance B. ambition C. adaptability D. curiosity 11. A. meet B. allow C. understand D. explore 12. A. calm B. healthy C. small D. pretty 13. A. in turn B. out of the way C. by chance D. on purpose 14. A. basic B. physical C. standard D. mature 15. A. flexible B. enthusiastic C. responsible D. professional 16. A. constantly B. instantly C. toughly D. roughly 17. A. paired B. selected C. accompanied D. mixed 18. A. rather than B. more than C. other than D. less than 19. A. couple B. family C. unit D. team 20. A. amusing B. fascinating C. devoted D. touched 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述伊拉克和阿富汗战争老兵Michael曾无法独自外出，在获得辅助犬Ojai后生活改变，并介绍Ojai的训练机构、训练过程及拉布拉多犬的优势。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：三年前，他无法独自离开家。A. normally正常地；B. alone独自地；C. straight直接地；D. often经常。根据后文“Because I couldn’t go into public by myself”可知， Michael无法独自出门，alone符合语境。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在公共场所会感到不适和焦虑，但在得到辅助犬Ojai后，这一切都改变了。A. unfamiliar陌生的；B. private私人的；C. public公共的；D. remote偏远的。根据后文“couldn’t go into public by myself”可知，他在公共场所会不适，public符合语境，故选 C。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我妻子不在我身边时，我就会陷入混乱。A. mess混乱；B. puzzle困惑；C. danger危险；D. trouble麻烦、困境。根据后文“couldn’t go into public by myself”可知，妻子不在时Michael会陷入一片混乱，a mess表示“一片混乱”，符合语境。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我会感到不知所措，所以我不能独自去公共场所。A. confused困惑的；B. overwhelmed不知所措的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. thrilled兴奋的。根据前文“felt uncomfortable and anxious in public places”可知， Michael在公共场合会因焦虑而不知所措，overwhelmed符合语境。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但自从我有了 Ojai，我就可以坐地铁或去餐厅了。A. once一旦；B. while当……时；C. until直到；D. since自从。根据后文“could go out on the subway or at a restaurant”，结合时态had和could go可知，这里表示“自从有了Ojai之后”，since符合语境。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不必凡事都依赖我的妻子了。A. learn from向……学习；B. call up打电话给；C. rely on依赖；D. take in吸收、理解。根据前文“could go out on the subway or at a restaurant”可知， Michael不再需要事事依靠妻子，rely on符合语境。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ojai是在“独立犬伴”机构接受训练的，该机构为有需求的人提供辅助犬。A. born出生；B. trained训练；C. bought购买；D. observed观察。根据后文“They begin training as puppies”可知， 这里表示Ojai在机构接受过训练，trained符合语境。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“独立犬伴”是一家为有残疾的人提供辅助犬的机构。A. disabilities残疾；B. depression抑郁；C. inconvenience不便；D. injuries受伤。根据辅助犬的功能“dropped items, open and close doors”可知，其服务对象是有残疾的人，disabilities符合语境。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：和Ojai一样，这些狗能捡起掉落的物品、开关门，还能听懂 40 多个高级指令。A. set out出发；B. pick out挑选；C. set up建立；D. pick up捡起。根据搭配“dropped items”可知，表示“捡起掉落的物品”，pick up符合语境。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中，拉布拉多犬在适应性方面表现最佳，它们多才多艺，体型足够大，能完成开灯等日常指令。A. performance表现；B. ambition野心；C. adaptability适应性；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后文“being versatile, being big enough... and being small enough...”可知，拉布拉多犬适应能力强，adaptability符合语境。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉布拉多犬体型足够大，能完成开灯等日常指令。A. meet满足；B. allow允许；C. understand理解；D. explore探索。根据搭配“daily commands like turning on a light switch”可知，这里表示“完成指令”，meet符合语境。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拉布拉多犬体型足够大，能完成日常指令，又足够小，能轻松带上飞机或火车。A. calm冷静的；B. healthy健康的；C. small小的；D. pretty漂亮的。根据前文 “being big enough”和后文“fit easily on a plane or train”可知，此处指体型足够小，small符合语境。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：拉布拉多犬足够小，能轻松带上飞机或火车，且不会妨碍他人。A. in turn反过来；B. out of the way不碍事；C. by chance偶然；D. on purpose故意。根据“fit easily on a plane or train”可知，其体型小到不会妨碍别人，out of the way符合语境。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们从幼犬时期开始接受 18 个月的训练，学习基本的社交技能。A. basic基本的；B. physical身体的；C. standard标准的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“another six months of further training”可知，幼犬时期学的是基础技能，basic符合语境。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后，它们回到主训练中心，在专业教练的指导下再接受六个月的进阶训练。A. flexible灵活的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. responsible负责的；D. professional专业的。根据“main training center”和“further training”可知，指导者是专业教练，professional符合语境，故选D。 【16题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：训练完成后，大约有一半的狗能以足够高的分数毕业，从而与需要帮助的人配对。A. constantly不断地；B. instantly立刻；C. toughly艰难地；D. roughly大约。根据 “half of the dogs”可知，这里表示大致的数量，roughly符合语境。故选D。 17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：训练完成后，大约有一半的狗能以足够高的分数毕业，从而与需要帮助的人配对。A. paired配对；B. selected选择；C. accompanied陪伴；D. mixed混合。根据 “with a person who needs its help”可知，这里表示“辅助犬与使用者配对”，paired符合语境。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：对 Michael 来说，Ojai 不仅仅是眼睛。A. rather than而不是；B. more than不仅仅；C. other than除了；D. less than少于。根据后文“a loyal helper, a dedicated friend”可知 ，Ojai对Michael的意义不止“眼睛”，more than符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ojai和我是一个团队，所以我做什么它做什么，它做什么我做什么。A. couple一对（多指人）；B. family家庭；C. unit整体、单元；D. team团队。根据“what I do he does, what he does I do”可知，两人是不可分割的团队，team符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是忠诚的帮手、忠实的朋友，也是尽心尽力的伙伴。A. amusing有趣的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. devoted尽心尽力的；D. touched感动的（多形容人）。根据前文“loyal helper, a dedicated friend”可知，此处需填同类褒义词，devoted符合 语境，故选C。 二、阅读理解题：本大题共3小题，每小题10分，共30分。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” — the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes — one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother”. 21. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 22. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 23. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”? A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 24. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around 25. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的研究发现。 21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. (在它生命的头两个星期里，温暖也许是猴妈妈必须给予它的孩子的最重要的心理需求。)”和“However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. (然而，如果金属丝模型是加热的，而布制模型是凉爽的，在出生后的前两周，小猴子们选择温暖的金属丝妈妈替代品作为它们的最爱。)”可知，从心理上讲，小猴子在出生后的前两周最渴望温暖。故选A。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段描述内容可知，幼猴通过摩擦母亲皮肤获得接触舒适感，而金属丝模型无法提供这种柔软触感，因此幼猴选择“布制妈妈”而不是“金属丝妈妈”的原因在于：相对于“金属丝妈妈”而言，“布制妈妈”蹭起来更舒服。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Prolonged (长时间的) ‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence (布制妈妈长时间的‘接触舒适感’给了幼猴信心)”可知，长时间与“布制妈妈”接触，增强了幼猴的自信心。故选C。 24题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是该段的最后一句“Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its ‘mother’. (它对新环境的恐惧一点一点地消失了，它花越来越多的时间玩玩具，越来越少的时间抓住它的‘妈妈’。)”可知，当幼猴看到“布制妈妈”后，它会有一种安全感，从而在行为上放松起来，因此会越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“妈妈”接触的时间。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的研究发现，因此作者写这篇文章是要将研究发现呈现给读者。故选B。 B Indians of all ages are thronging (蜂拥而至) to the movie “Gandhi”. Ticket prices are low and people are eager to learn some of their country’s history. The movie has broken a ten-year attendance record. It tells the story of Gandhi’s life and of India’s fight for independence from Great Britain. The Indian government removed the usual 60 percent tax on tickets for “Gandhi”, making the price only 40 cents. This is, however, still quite expensive, since the average worker’s daily wage is less than $1. “Gandhi is known as the father of our nation,” said one government official. “We would like our young people to get to know him and many of the other generation have almost forgotten him.” “In Indian theaters we like music and fights during movies. But during this film you could have heard a pin drop.” said one salesman. But Gandhi’s message of non-violence puzzles some young people. “If somebody is hitting you and you don’t respond (回应), he’s going to hit you again and again,” said a 31-year-old teacher. But an elderly man who remembered seeing Gandhi at prayer meetings in the 1930s and 1940s disagreed. “I was a follower of Gandhi and still am,” he said. “If none-violence could remove the British Empire, why shouldn’t it work in other situations? But it’s a very difficult way of life.” 26. Many people went to see the movie “Gandhi” mainly because ________. A. the ticket prices were low enough B. many Indians had almost forgotten Gandhi C. Gandhi was the father of their nation D. they very much wanted to know some Indian history 27. The government had the movie ticket price lowered ________. A. so as to encourage poor people to see the movie B. so people feel it too cheap C. so that young people could like the movie D. so that people will accept Gandhi’s ideas 28. From the underlined sentence we can infer that ________. A. the audience were all moved to tears B. it was the first silent film in India C. all the people in the cinema were asleep D. this film is different from other Indian films 29. Gandhi is still held in great respect ________. A. and his ideas are accepted by all the Indian people B. though his ideas are not accepted by all the Indian people C. but his ideas has proved wrong D. but his ideas are completely ignored 30. Which of the following statements is true? A. Everybody understands Gandhi’s message of non-violence. B. Gandhi’s non-violence way of struggle still has a number of followers. C. Without the film, nobody will remember Gandhi in India. D. People prefer seeing movies with music and fights to Gandhi. 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了电影《甘地》上映后，印度各年龄段的人都去观看，以及人们对甘地及其非暴力思想的不同看法。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ticket prices are low and people are eager to learn some of their country’s history. (票价很低，人们渴望了解一些他们国家的历史。)”可知，观众观影的主要原因是想了解历史。故选D。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Indian government removed the usual 60 percent tax on tickets for “Gandhi”, making the price only 40 cents. This is, however, still quite expensive, since the average worker’s daily wage is less than $1. (印度政府对《甘地》的电影票减税60%，使得票价仅为40美分。然而，这仍然相当昂贵，因为普通工人的日工资不到1美元。)”和第三段“We would like our young people to get to know him and many of the other generation have almost forgotten him. (我们希望我们的年轻人能了解他，而许多其他年代的人几乎已经忘记他了。)”可知，降价是为了让更多人（尤其是低收入群体）观影，故选A。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““In Indian theaters we like music and fights during movies. But during this film you could have heard a pin drop.” said one salesman. (一位推销员说：“在印度的影院里，我们看电影时喜欢有音乐和打斗场面。但看这部电影时，你甚至能听到一根针掉在地上的声音。”)”可知，该电影风格与众不同。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。文章第五段中提到甘地的非暴力思想让一些年轻人困惑，比如一位31岁的老师说“If somebody is hitting you and you don’t respond (回应), he’s going to hit you again and again (如果有人打你，你不回应，他会一次又一次地打你)”，但最后一段中“But an elderly man who remembered seeing Gandhi at prayer meetings in the 1930s and 1940s disagreed. (但一位记得在20世纪30年代和40年代的祈祷会上见过甘地的老人并不同意这种说法。)”表明也有人仍然支持甘地的思想，说明甘地仍然备受尊敬，尽管他的思想不被所有印度人接受，故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But an elderly man who remembered seeing Gandhi at prayer meetings in the 1930s and 1940s disagreed. “I was a follower of Gandhi and still am,” he said. “If none-violence could remove the British Empire, why shouldn’t it work in other situations? But it’s a very difficult way of life.” (但一位记得在20世纪30年代和40年代的祈祷会上见过甘地的老人并不同意这种说法。“我过去是甘地的追随者，现在依然是，”他说，“如果非暴力能推翻大英帝国，那它为什么不能在其他情况下奏效呢？但这是一种非常艰难的生活方式。”)”可知，甘地的非暴力斗争方式仍然有很多追随者。故选B。 C When my vision-challenged daughter was 3, and I was pregnant with my second child, we got her glasses. It was a long process involving many different opticians (配镜师) over the course of a year, because of my daughter’s overwhelming desire to scream and fly into a temper any time we tried to have her eyes examined. The fourth optician was amazing — while my daughter didn’t cooperate, she performed various miracles and managed what she called a “best guess” at her prescription. “Start with this,” she said. “When she realizes she can see better, bring her back, and we can try for something more accurate.” I didn’t want to pay $300 for glasses that might be replaced in a month’s time, so I decided to bring her straight to a Walmart optical. Things were going on well, until the optician needed to take an additional measurement, which would involve holding a ruler up to her eyes and measuring the distance between the outer comer of one eye and the inner corner of the other. “Are you sure you need the measurement?” I asked. “She’s really not cooperative when it comes to the eye-testing stuff.” “We definitely need to have it, we can’t fill her prescription without it.” the optician said. But my daughter would not let the optician anywhere near her face with the small plastic ruler. She started yelling and crying, and we took her off to the side and promised we’d get ice cream afterward if she let the nice lady hold the ruler near her nose! The optician gave us the ruler, thinking we would have an easier time, but when my daughter knew we needed to hold the ruler near her face, which, in toddler logic, meant a life-or-death situation, she prevented us from getting anywhere near her. Finally, my husband and I agreed that one of us would have to hold her down and the other would take the measurement. I sat on the floor trying to hold her head still while my husband tried to get an accurate reading on that stupid ruler. Despite her struggle and scream, we finally got it. My daughter stopped crying three seconds later and went back to play as if nothing had happened. There is no version of this story where I feel comfortable using physical force on my child, even if it was for her own good. I felt awful — wondering, if I were a better parent, would I magically know what to say to get her cooperation? The weeks spent with a special book about wearing glasses, telling her how great glasses were... I could feel tears welling up and I thought, “I can’t cry. I’m sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical centre. I can’t cry here.” And there it was — the final thing I could not bear. It was only noon, and the day had already reduced me to sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical physically holding my screaming toddler down to press a ruler against her face and do it for the packed Saturday audience of all the Walmart checkout counters. I cried. Big, shoulder-shaking sobs. Sitting right there on the floor of a Walmart, behind the optical counter. Five days later, the Walmart optical centre called. They said my daughters glasses were ready for pickup and I should schedule an appointment with the optician so that we can have them properly fitted. I said I’d be picking up the glasses alone and we would do the fitting another day. She insisted that the fitting was crucial, to which I replied, “I don’t know if you were working last Saturday, but my daughter is really not cooperating on this whole glasses thing. I’d prefer to just pick them up.” Silence. Then she said, “I was there last Saturday, I remember you. Absolutely, you can pick them up any time.” 31. Why did the daughter scream and yell when the measurement was taken for her glasses? A. Because she didn’t like the opticians. B. Because she was afraid that she would die. C. Because her parents didn’t give her ice cream. D. Because she had little knowledge of taking measurement for glasses. 32. In Para 1, the writer described the work of the fourth optician in a(n) ________ tone. A. ironic B. straightforward C. critical D. approving 33. Why did the writer cry in the Walmart? A. Because she found it hard to educate her daughter. B. Because she felt she could have done in a better way. C Because she strongly felt a sense of failure as a mother. D. Because she felt it a shame to be watched by so many customers. 34. According to the last paragraph, the optician in the Walmart can be described as ________. A. tolerant B. trustworthy C. considerate D. casual 35. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. A Story of Glasses B. My Big Fat Walmart Cry C. A Great Lesson for Parents D. My Struggle with My Daughter 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为视力有问题的女儿配眼镜的艰难过程，以及在这个过程中作者作为母亲所经历的情感挣扎。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“but when my daughter knew we needed to hold the ruler near her face, which, in toddler logic, meant a life-or-death situation, she prevented us from getting anywhere near her. (但当我女儿知道我们需要把尺子拿到她脸附近时，在幼儿的逻辑里，这意味着生死攸关的情况，她阻止我们靠近她。)”可知，女儿是因为对配眼镜的测量没什么概念，觉得很可怕才尖叫哭闹。故选D。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The fourth optician was amazing — while my daughter didn’t cooperate, she performed various miracles and managed what she called a “best guess” at her prescription. (第四个配镜师太棒了——尽管我女儿不配合，但她创造了各种奇迹，对她的验光处方做出了她所谓的“最佳猜测”。)”可知，“她所谓的最佳猜测”表明配镜数据并不完全准确，暗示作者对配镜结果仍有顾虑，作者是以讽刺的口吻来写的。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第八段“I felt awful — wondering, if I were a better parent, would I magically know what to say to get her cooperation? (我感觉很糟糕——想知道，如果我是一个更好的家长，我会神奇地知道该说什么来得到她的配合吗？)”可知，作者在沃尔玛哭是因为觉得自己本可以用更好的方式处理。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I was there last Saturday, I remember you. Absolutely, you can pick them up any time. (我上周六在那儿，我记得你。当然，你随时都可以去取它们。)”可知，配镜师理解作者的困境并表现出体贴。故选C。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕作者在沃尔玛为女儿配眼镜时的崩溃哭泣展开，情感冲突是核心。选项B“My big fat Walmart cry (我在沃尔玛的崩溃大哭)”最能概括主题。故选B。 三、短文填空：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分 根据语境和单词适当形式完成对话 Babara: You look ____36____ (tire). What’s the matter with you? Bob: Nothing serious. I want to have a job after graduation. I am under great pressure. Babara: Do you find that ____37____ is difficult to find a suitable job this year? Bob: Yes. Now college graduates ____38____ (encourage) to start their own business, which sounds really good for us. At the same time, we can get some valuable social ____39____ and we may also know more about ourselves and society. Babara: Yes, but it is not as easy ____40____ you imagine. For college students there are a lot of problems, especially the one of not having enough money. And our education doesn’t provide enough knowledge on how to solve it. Bob: Maybe you are right. But our government allows college graduates to borrow money from banks ____41____ maybe some can get money from their parents. Babara: But you have to pay back the money sooner or ____42____. So some college graduates prefer to live a ____43____ (peace) life rather than start their own businesses through job-hunting which is competitive. Bob: Oh, they don’t have dreams. But I have made ____44____ my mind to achieve my dream. How about you? Babara: Well, it always takes time to consider before ____45____ (make) a decision. 【答案】36. tired 37. it 38. are being encouraged 39. experience 40. as 41. and 42. later 43. peaceful 44. up 45. making 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇情景对话。主要讲述了现在大学生的就业严峻形势以及解决策略。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你看起来很疲惫。设空处为形容词做表语，表示“感到疲倦的”指人，应用tired。故填tired。 【37题详解】 考查代词。句意：你是否觉得今年很难找到一份合适的工作？分析句子的结构可知，该句为：It+is+adj.+to do sth.，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为to do sth。故填it。 【38题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：如今，政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业，这对我们来说确实是个好消息。设空处为句子的谓语，和句子的主语college graduates之间为被动关系，表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，设空处为现在进行时的被动语态，am/is/are being done的形式，主语为college graduates。故填are being encouraged。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：同时，我们能够获得一些宝贵的社会经验，而且我们或许还能更深入地了解自己以及社会。根据上句“Now college graduates ... to start their own business, which sounds really good for us.”可知，学生可以获得一些社会经验，设空处为名词作宾语，表示“经验”为experience，不可数。故填experience。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：是的，但事情并非如你想象的那般简单。固定句型not as…as…：不如……那样……。故填as。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：但我们的政府允许大学毕业生向银行贷款，而且有些毕业生还能从父母那里获得资金。设空处连接两个句子，表示递进关系应用and。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：但你迟早还是得把这笔钱还回去的。sooner or later：迟早。故填later。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，一些大学毕业生更倾向于过一种平静的生活，而不是通过竞争激烈的求职过程来创办自己的企业。设空处为形容词修饰空后的名词，故填peaceful。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：但我已经下定决心要实现我的梦想。你呢？make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心去做某事。故填up。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在做出决定之前总是需要花些时间来仔细考虑的。设空处在句中作非谓语，空前为介词before，设空处为动名词的形式作宾语。故填making。 四、翻译题：本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。 46. 根据汉语意思完成句子 在这个遥远的小山村住着一群知道如何永葆青春的人们。 Far away in this small village ________. 【答案】live a group of people who know how to stay young forever 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句和定语从句。“住着”英文表达为“live”，作谓语；“一群知道如何永葆青春的人们”英文表达为“a group of people who know how to stay young forever”，作主语，其中“who know how to stay young forever”是定语从句，修饰先行词people。表示地点的状语“Far away in this small village”位于句首，句子要用完全倒装结构，即将谓语动词提到主语前面，本句为一般现在时，主语为复数，故动词用原形。故填 live a group of people who know how to stay young forever。 47. 根据汉语意思完成句子 在这所大学，学生们可以决定想要上哪位老师的课。 In this university, the students can decide the teacher ________. 【答案】whose class they wish to take 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，学生们可以决定的是他们希望上哪位老师的课，应用定语从句修饰名词teacher，即使用teacher作先行词，在从句中作定语，修饰class“课”，表示“谁的”应用关系代词whose；“上某人的课”是动词短语“take one’s class”；“希望做某事”是动词短语“wish to do”；因此“想要上哪位老师的课”为定语从句whose class they wish to take。故填whose class they wish to take。 48. 根据汉语意思和括号中的单词提示补全英语句子 他不太重视学习令他的父母非常担心。 ________________ makes his parents very worried. (attach) 【答案】His not attaching much importance to studying 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。“太重视”短语为“attach much importance to studying”，空后makes为谓语动词，因此此处作主语，动词短语作主语通常用动名词，否定词要放在非谓语动词之前，前面再用物主代词his。句首首字母大写。故答案为His not attaching much importance to studying。 49. 根据汉语提示，用所给的英语单词完成句子。 为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。 The community college has to cut down on staff ________. (save) 【答案】to save money 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。“省钱”是动词短语“save money”，“为了省钱”表示目的，应用不定式形式to save money，作目的状语。故填to save money。 50. 根据汉语提示，用所给的英语单词完成句子。 You ________ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt) 你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。 【答案】shouldn’t have interrupted 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。表示“本不该做某事却做了”应用虚拟语气“shouldn’t have done”结构，动词interrupt的过去分词形式是interrupted。故填shouldn’t have interrupted。 五、写作题（共1题，共25分） 51. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间； 2. 合适的礼物； 3. 餐桌礼仪。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Dear Terry, How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food. Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. I am looking forward to your good news. Best wishes! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。讲述了作者给Terry回信，告知其去中国朋友家做客的相关注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 首先：to begin with→ to start with 以便于：so that→ in order that 另外：besides→ in addition 玩得开心：have a great time→ enjoy yourself 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. 拓展句：Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, which include a book or a Chinese knot. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting. (运用了so that引导的目的状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I have the confidence that you will have a great time. (运用了that引导的同位语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $