Unit 4 History And Traditions+Reading and Thinking 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

【核心突破】 1. belong to 属于 2. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还 3. in defence (of. . . ) 为了保卫(……) defend. . . from/against. . . 防御/保卫……以免受…… 4. surround. . . with. . . 用……包围…… be surrounded with/by. . . 被……包围/环绕 5. a sense of achievement 成就感 make an achievement 取得成就 achieve one ’s goal 达到目的 6. break away (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱 break down损坏; 发生故障; 垮掉; 失败; 分解 break into 破门而入 break out (战争)爆发; (火灾)突然发生 break up 结束; (关系)破裂; 驱散; 解散 break through 突破 break off 折断; 中止, 中断 7. in charge (of. . . )主管/看管/负责(……) take charge of. . . 负责/看管…… in/under the charge of. . . =in one ’s charge 在……的掌管之下 free of charge 免费 charge(sb. )for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 8. announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事 It is announced that. . . 据宣布…… make an announcement宣布 9. a large amount of/large amounts of 大量的 in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地 10. (an) approach to (doing) sth. 接近, 近似; (做某事)的方法(途径) with. . . approaching 在某事/物快到的时候 at the approach of在……快到的时候 11. be eager for. . . =long for; desire for 渴望…… be eager to do. . . = long to do sth. ; desire to do sth.渴望做某事 12. a crowd of 一大群; 许多的 the crowd 人群 crowd into 涌入; 挤入 be crowded with 挤满了; 充满 13. be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量 be generous with 用……很大方 14. 1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来 15. keep your eyes open(for) 留心; 留意 16. result in 导致 17. refer to 提到; 涉及 18. work together 合作 19. date back to 追溯 20. fix one ’s eyes on 集中注意力于 21. have an influence on 对……有影响 22. have a long history 有悠久历史 23. be dotted with 点缀着 24. make up 构成; 组成 25. introduce oneself 自我介绍 26. be likely to 可能 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Reading and Thinking 【教材原文】 WHAT'S IN A NAME? The United Kingdom, Great Britain，Britain, England—many people are confused by ①what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them, if any？②Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from<8>the UK, ③which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， ④which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. The four countries ⑤that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag, ⑥known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! The United Kingdom has a long and interesting ⑦history to explore，⑧which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.⑨Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.The first group，⑪the Romans，came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo­Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed ⑫the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century，left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They ⑬had castles built all around England and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. ⑭There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.⑮Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start, ⑯as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open ，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 【语法注解】 ①what引导的从句作介词by的__________，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 ②Getting to know…是__________作主语。 ③which引导__________，指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的__________，修饰 the full name。 ④which引导的__________，修饰主句。 ⑤关系代词that引导的__________，修饰the four countries，that在从句中作__________。 ⑥过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作__________，修饰the same flag。 ⑦不定式 to explore 作定语，修饰 history。 ⑧which引导的__________，修饰history，which在从句中作__________。 ⑨…everywhere you go in the UK是状语从句，everywhere“处处，到处”，引导__________。 who引导的__________，修饰four different groups of people，who在从句中作主语。 ⑪the Romans 作 the first group 的__________。 ⑫the way people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的__________，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 ⑬had castles built all around England 是 have sth done 结构，表示“__________”。 ⑭There is so much more to learn…是“__________”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 ⑮此句中动名词短语作主语；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)是固定结构。 ⑯此句中as引导__________；that引导的定语从句修饰an ancient port city；现在分词短语作__________修饰a history。 【参考译文】 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。1.那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。 联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。2.像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的一些伟大成就包括他们建立了城镇和修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，3.他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。 【核心突破】 1. belong to 　属于 2. __________ 同(一样也); 和; 还 3. in defence (of. . . )　__________ __________防御/保卫……以免受…… 4. surround. . . with. . . __________ __________ 被……包围/环绕 5. __________　成就感 __________ 取得成就 achieve one ’s goal 达到目的 6. __________ 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱 __________损坏; 发生故障; 垮掉; 失败; 分解 break into 破门而入 break out (战争)爆发; (火灾)突然发生 break up 结束; (关系)破裂; 驱散; 解散 break through 突破 break off 折断; 中止, 中断 7. __________主管/看管/负责(……) take charge of. . . __________ in/under the charge of. . . =in one ’s charge __________ __________ 免费 __________为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb. with (doing) sth. __________ 8. announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事 __________ 据宣布…… make an announcement宣布 9. a large amount of/large amounts of 大量的 in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地 10. __________接近, 近似; (做某事)的方法(途径) with. . . approaching 在某事/物快到的时候 at the approach of在……快到的时候 11. be eager for. . . =long for; desire for　渴望…… __________渴望做某事 12. a crowd of 一大群; 许多的 the crowd 人群 __________ 涌入; 挤入 __________挤满了; 充满 13. be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量 __________ 用……很大方 14. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来 15. __________留心; 留意 16. __________导致 17. __________ 提到; 涉及 18. work together 合作 19. __________ 追溯 20. __________集中注意力于 21. __________ 对……有影响 22. have a long history 有悠久历史 23. __________ 点缀着 24. make up __________ 25. introduce oneself 自我介绍 26. __________ 可能 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $