专题05 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练（知识清单，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练 知识点1 旅游交通类词汇 1.tourism n. 旅游业 2.tourist n. 游客 3.tour n. & v. 旅行 4.book/reserve v. 预定 5.hotel n. 酒店 6.museum n. 博物馆 7.gallery n. 美术馆 8.scene n. 风景 9.luggage n. 行李 10.suitcase n. 手提箱 11.camera n. 相机 12.pack v. 打包 13.attract v. 吸引 14.attractive adj. 有吸引力的 15.accident n. 事故 16.fantastic adj. 极好的 17.splendid adj. 壮丽的 18.impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 19.transport n. 交通 20.airport n. 机场 21.flight n. 航班 22.airplane n. 飞机 23.delay v. & n. 延期 24.underground/subway n. 地铁 25.taxi n. 的士 26.truck n. 卡车 27.board v. 登上（船、飞机等） 28.cross v. 穿过 29.crossroads n. 十字路口 30. comfortable adj. 舒适的 31.break down（机器或车辆）出故障 32.a booking office 售票处 33.pay a visit to 参观，拜访 34.traffic jam 交通堵塞 35.make a reservation 预定 36.appeal to… 对……有吸引力 37.check in（在旅馆、机场等）登记 38.check out 结账离开（旅馆等） 39.put up 投宿 40.take off 起飞 41.places of interest 名胜古迹 42.single/double room 单人/双人间 43.a train schedule 列车时刻表 44.tourist attractions 旅游景点 45.a shared bike 共享单车 46.book/reserve a room/ticket 订房间/票 47.break/observe the traffic rules/regulations 违反/遵守交通规则 48.a spring outing/an autumn outing 春游/秋游 知识点2 生态旅游与发展类词汇 1.ecotourism n. 生态旅游 2.balance n. & v. 平衡 3.absorb v. 吸收 4.atmosphere n. 大气 5.environmental adj. 环境的 6.chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品 7.destination n. 目的地 8.protect v. 保护 9.renewable adj. 可再生的 10.cave n. 山洞 11.coast n. 海岸 12.purify v.（使）净化 13.recycle v. 使再循环 14.restore v. 恢复 15.reuse v. 重复使用 16.pollution n. 污染 17.trash n. 垃圾 18.countryside n. 乡下 19.waterfall n. 瀑布 20.grassland n. 草原 21.peak n. 山峰；顶峰 22.raise awareness of 提高……意识 23.low carbon 低碳 24.put up a tent 搭帐篷 25.keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡 26.wind power 风能 27.travel brochure 旅行指南 28.environmentally friendly 环保的 29.environmental protection 环保 30.natural scenery 自然景观 31.live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 32.be kind to nature 善待大自然 33.solar energy 太阳能 34.wild animals and plants 野生动植物 35.protect trees 保护树木 36.water-saving habit 节约用水的习惯 37.the rules and laws of nature 自然规律 38.national park 国家公园 39.check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记 40.check out 结账离开（旅馆等） 41.pack up 收拾行装 42.a summer resort 避暑胜地 43.be/get stuck in 被困在…… 44.economy class 经济舱 45.natural resource 自然资源 知识点 3 自然灾害与防范类词汇 与自然灾害相关的词汇 1.flood n. 洪水 2.occur v. 发生 3.missing adj. 失踪的 4.earthquake n. 地震 5.collapse v. 倒塌 6.stricken adj. 受灾的 7.drought n. 旱灾 8.burst v. 爆裂，爆炸 9.disaster n. 灾难 10.typhoon n. 台风 11.destroy v. 毁坏 12.injured adj. 受伤的 13.cut off 中断；切掉；阻挡 14.in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 15.disaster-hit areas 受灾地区 16.wash away冲走，洗掉，冲掉 17.dig out 挖掘 18.due to 由于，因为 19.rescue work 救灾工作 20.take shelter from 躲避 21.be shocked at 对……感到震惊 与灾害防范相关的词汇 1.trapped adj. 被困住 2.rescue v. 营救，救助 3.aware adj. 意识到 4.prevention n. 预防 5.predict v. 预测 6.urgent adj. 紧急的 7.strategy n. 策略 8.warn v. 提醒，警告 9.frightened adj. 害怕的 10.measure n. 措施 11.prevent v. 阻止 11.right away 立刻，马上 12.prepare for 为……作准备 13.race against the clock 争分夺秒 14.trapped people 被困人员 15.endanger the lives of 危及……的生命 16.call on people to make donations 呼吁人们进行捐款 17.offer one's helping hands 伸出救援之手 18.cause great damage 造成重大损害 19.make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 知识点4 主要国家地理概况类词汇 1．foundation n．创建；基础；地基 2．trunk n．树干 3．equator n．赤道 4．fence n．篱笆，栅栏 5．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 6．scenery n．风景；景色 7．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 8．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 9．getaway n．适合度假的地方 10．urban adj.城市的；都市的 11．session n．一场；一段时间；会议 12．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 13．joint n．关节 adj.联合的；共同的 14．antique n．古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的 15．desert n．沙漠；荒原 vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃 16．alongside prep.在……旁边；与……一起 adv.在旁边 17．highlight n．最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出；强调；使醒目 18．unique adj.独特的，稀罕的；[数] 唯一的，独一无二的 19．mist n．薄雾；水汽 misty adj.多雾的；模糊的 20．border n．国界；边界(地区) 21．harbour n．(海)港；港口 22．shore n．岸；滨 23．premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．总理；首相 24．minister n．部长；大臣；外交使节 25．arrow n．箭；箭头 26．monument n．纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹 27．contrary to相反的；相对立的 28．dry up 枯竭 29．be native to原产于 30．a flock of 一群(羊或鸟) 31．geyser n．间歇泉 32．prison n．监狱；监禁 33．slogan n．标语；口号 34．domain n．领域；领土；范围 35．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 36．grand adj.大；宏大的 37．grizzly bear n．灰熊 38．prairie n．北美草原 39．peak season 高峰季节 40．owe sth to sb欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 41．geothermal park 地热公园 42．take sb’s breath away令人惊叹 43．historic landmark历史地标，历史遗迹 44．historical insights 历史见解，历史洞察力 45．play a part/role in在……中起作用；扮演一个角色 46．approximately adv.大约；大概 47．herb n．药草；香草；草本 48．literally adv.字面上；真正地 49．coherent adj.有条理的；连贯的 50．eventful adj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的 51．reportage n．报告文学，报道文体；报道，新闻报道 52．spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 53．continental adj.大陆的；大洲的 54．extensive adj.广阔的；大量的 55．license(＝licence) vt.批准；许可 n．许可证；执照 56．district n．地区；区域 57．channel n．水渠；海峡 58．frontier n．前沿；边界；前线 59．geological adj.地质学的 知识点5 地球宇宙探索类词汇 1．mankind n．人类 2．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 3．facility n．设施；设备 4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 5．telescope n．望远镜 6．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 8．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 9．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 10．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 11．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间 12．gravity n．重力，地球引力 13．solar system太阳系；类太阳系 14．International Space Station 国际空间站 15．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 16．float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 17．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 18．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果 analyz(s)e vt.分析 19．bother v．使烦恼；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 n．麻烦，困难 20．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 21．drilling n．钻探；勘探 22．downfall n．衰败 23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 24．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 25．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 26．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪 27．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 28．astronomy n．天文学 29．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 30．check out调查，检查 31．high-end adj.高端的 32．Mars n．火星 33．Jupiter n．木星 34．shuttle n．航天飞机 35．simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器 36．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 37．galaxy n．星系 38．cosmic adj.宇宙的 39．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 40．particle n．粒子 41．mission n．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务 42．discipline vt.训练 n．训练，纪律 43．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 44．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 45．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 46．investigation n．调查 47．substance n．物质 48．microwave n．微波炉；微波 49．invisible adj.看不见的 50．unexceptional adj.平常的 51．instantaneously adv.瞬间地 52．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政 53．uncontrollably adv.控制不住地 54．polestar n．北极星 55．comet n．彗星 56．hazardous adj.有危险的，不安全的 57．intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 58．sphere n．天体 59．planet n．行星 60．constellation n．星座 一、根据语境写出单词的汉语意思 （一）写出下列句子中board的含义 1．I posted a question on the message board. ______________ 2．She has a seat on the board of directors. ______________ 3．Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. ______________ 4．Have the passengers gone on board yet? ______________ 5．The ship was boarded by customs officials. ______________ 【答案】1．木板 2．董事会;理事会 3．膳食，伙食 4．在火车（或轮船、飞机）上 5．登上火车（或轮船、飞机） 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：我在留言板上贴了一个问题。所以这里board表示“木板”，为名词。故填“木板”。 2．考查名词。句意：她在董事会中有一个席位。所以这里board表示“董事会;理事会”，为名词。故填“董事会;理事会”。 3．考查名词。句意酒店为所有员工提供免费食宿。所以这里board表示“膳食，伙食”，为名词。故填“膳食，伙食”。 4．考查介词短语。句意：乘客们上船了吗？所以这里on board表示“在火车（或轮船、飞机）上”，为介词短语。故填“在火车（或轮船、飞机）上”。 5．考查动词。句意：海关官员登上了这艘船。所以这里board表示“登上火车（或轮船、飞机）”，为动词。故填“登上火车（或轮船、飞机）”。 （二）判断下列句子中break down的含义 6．If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break down sooner or later. 7．What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes. 8．One night in the pouring rain, Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road. 9．Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities. 【答案】6．（健康或精神方面）垮掉 7．使分解 8．出故障 9．消除 【详解】6．考查动词短语。句意：如果George继续这样卖力工作，他迟早会垮掉。根据上文“If George keeps on working so hard”可知，持续卖力工作会导致健康/精神垮掉，因此本句中break down意为“（健康或精神方面）垮掉”。故填：（健康或精神方面）垮掉。 7．考查动词短语。句意：我们都知道生活在土壤里的细菌帮助分解我们制造的垃圾。根据“our wastes”可知，此处是指土壤中的细菌使垃圾分解，因此本句中break down意为“使分解”。故填：使分解。 8．考查动词短语。句意：一个大雨倾盆的晚上，Tawny Nelson的车在路上出故障了。根据“car”和“on the road”可知，此处是指车在路上出故障，因此本句中break down意为“出故障”。故填：出故障。 9．考查动词短语。句意：必须努力打破两族之间的障碍。根据“barrier”可知，此处是指消除障碍，因此本句中break down意为“消除”。故填：消除。 （三）写出句中observe的含义 10．Although the thief was careful, he was still observed to steal into the shop last night and caught. 11．It is everyone’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 12．Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. 13．Masses of people observe the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival which falls on the Autumnal Equinox (秋分) of the lunar calendar each year. 【答案】10．注意到 11．遵守 12. 观察 13．庆祝（节日等） 【详解】 10．考查动词。句意：虽然小偷很小心，但昨晚他偷进商店被当场抓住。根据“to steal into the shop last night and caught”可知，句中“observe”表示小偷被“看到”或“注意到”偷窃行为，强调通过视觉发现并报告，最终导致被抓。故填“注意到”。 11．考查动词。句意：遵守交通规则是每个人的责任，以保持我们的社会秩序和正确的轨道。结合“the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track”可知，句中“observe”指“遵守”交通规则，以维护社会秩序，强调对规章制度的服从和履行。故填“遵守”。 12．考查动词。句意：我们大多数人在童年时观察到的比成年后观察到的多得多。结合“as children”可知，句中“observed”表示儿童时期更“注意”或“留意”周围细节，与成人期对比。故填“观察”。 13．考查动词。句意：每年农历秋分，广大人民群众庆祝中国农民丰收节。结合“the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival”可知，句中“observe”指“庆祝”或“纪念”丰收节。故填“庆祝（节日等）”。 二、单句语法填空 1．They studied whether or how air (pollute) might affect the body’s response to stress. 【答案】pollution 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们研究了空气污染是否会以及如何影响身体对压力的反应。此处为名词作从句主语，应用pollute的名词形式是pollution，air pollution为固定搭配，意为“空气污染”，符合语境。故填pollution。 2．Some of the greatest problems we face today are the (destroy) of our environment. 【答案】destruction 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们今天面临的一些最大的问题是我们环境的破坏。根据空前的“the”及空后的介词“of”可知，空处需用名词形式作表语，destroy的名词为destruction，意为“破坏”，是不可数名词，符合语境。故填destruction。 3．Last night, they succeeded in preventing the fire from (break) out. 【答案】breaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：昨晚，他们成功地阻止了火灾的爆发。结合句意表示“爆发”可知短语为break out，此处为短语prevent sth. from doing sth.。故填breaking。 4．If you are going abroad for an (extend) period of time, you could probably consider renting your house out. 【答案】extended 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你要在国外呆很长一段时间，你可以考虑把房子租出去。空格处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词作定语；extend的形容词为extended，意为“延长了的”。故填extended。 5．Firstly, I have an (extend) knowledge of our school’s history and culture. 【答案】extensive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：首先，我对我们学校的历史和文化有广泛的了解。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词knowledge，所给词extend为动词，其形容词形式拼写为extensive(广泛的)。故填extensive。 6．Air pollution is becoming increasingly serious, so we must take (measure) to control it. 【答案】measures 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：空气污染越来越严重，所以我们必须采取措施控制它。measure“措施”是可数名词，其前无限定词，应用名词复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。 7．The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的“thanks to (to为介词)”和定冠词“the”可知，此处应用absent的名词形式absence，为不可数名词，意为“缺乏，没有”，且the absence of...为固定搭配，意为“……的缺乏/不存在”，符合语境。故填absence。 8．The frightening scene nearly frightened me to death. So (frighten) was I that I was on the verge of tears. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那可怕的场景几乎把我吓死。我是如此害怕以至于我几乎要哭出来了。这是一个so…that…句型的倒装句，提示词作表语，表明主语“I”的心理状态，应用-ed形容词frightened，意为“感到害怕的”，用来描述“我”的感受。故填frightened。 9．I can get (injure) while training or playing and that’s the worst! 【答案】injured 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我可能会在训练或比赛时受伤，那是最糟糕的情况！ “get + 过去分词” 是常用结构，过去分词作表语。injure的过去分词为injured。故填injured。 10．The question is why he bothered (make) the speech at all. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：问题是他究竟为什么费心做这个演讲。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语bother to do“花费时间精力做某事，费心做某事”，满足句意要求，所以此处为动词不定式形式作宾语。故填to make。 三、选词填空 available, secure, analyze, persuade, gentle, conclusion, absence, career, accompany, combined, defeated, ban 1．They have successfully the old with the new in this room. 2．After much discussion, we finally reached a . 3．The babysitter was very , with the children, telling them a soft bedtime story. 4．Could you me to the doctor’s office? I don’t want to go alone. 5．It’s difficult to him to change his mind once it’s made up. 6．The city council decided to single-use plastics to reduce pollution. 7．Are you for a meeting tomorrow morning? 8．Before we make a decision, we need to the data thoroughly. 9．The of any clear evidence made the case very difficult to solve. 10．He decided to change his path from finance to teaching, seeking a more fulfilling life. 【答案】1．combined 2．conclusion 3．gentle 4．accompany 5．persuade 6．ban 7．available 8．analyze 9．absence 10．Career 【解析】1．考查动词。句意：他们成功地将新旧融合在这个房间里。根据“the old with the new”可知，此处表示将新旧事物结合起来，combined“结合”符合语境，与have构成现在完成时，故填combined。 2．考查名词。句意：经过多次讨论，我们终于得出了一个结论。根据“After much discussion”可知，经过讨论后得出了结论，conclusion“结论”符合语境，reach a conclusion“得出结论”，故填conclusion。 3．考查形容词。句意：保姆对孩子们很温柔，给他们讲了一个轻柔的睡前故事。根据“telling them a soft bedtime story”可知，保姆很温柔，gentle“温柔的”符合语境，作表语，故填gentle。 4．考查动词。句意：你能陪我去医生办公室吗？我不想一个人去。根据“I don’t want to go alone.”可知，此处表示希望对方陪同，accompany“陪同”符合语境，could后接动词原形，故填accompany。 5．考查动词。句意：一旦他下定决心，就很难说服他改变主意。根据“to change his mind once it’s made up”可知，此处表示说服他改变主意，persuade“说服”符合语境，It’s difficult to do sth.“做某事很难”，to后接动词原形，故填persuade。 6．考查动词。句意：市议会决定禁止一次性塑料制品以减少污染。根据“to reduce pollution”可知，此处表示禁止一次性塑料制品，ban“禁止”符合语境，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填ban。 7．考查形容词。句意：你明天上午有空参加会议吗？根据“for a meeting tomorrow morning”可知，此处表示询问对方是否有空，available“有空的”符合语境，作表语，故填available。 8．考查动词。句意：在我们做出决定之前，我们需要彻底分析数据。根据“the data thoroughly”可知，此处表示分析数据，analyze“分析”符合语境，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填analyze。 9．考查名词。句意：缺乏任何明确的证据使得这个案件很难解决。根据“made the case very difficult to solve”可知，此处表示缺乏明确的证据，absence“缺乏”符合语境，作主语，故填absence。 10．考查名词。句意：他决定改变自己的职业道路，从金融转向教学，寻求更充实的生活。根据“from finance to teaching”可知，此处表示改变职业道路，career“职业”符合语境，作change的宾语，故填career。 四、阅读理解 A There is this girl at school, and we don’t really get along. She keeps spreading rumors (谣言) about me and my classmates stay away from me. What should I do? ——Sam Some people spread rumors as a way to scare others and get popularity. But spreading rumors usually makes people feel s… So what can you do if you find yourself the target (对象) of rumors and social bullying (欺凌)? Turn to a trusted adult for support. Talk to someone you can trust, like a parent, teacher, or coach. Let that person know what you’re going through. Keep him or her knowing what’s going on, even as things start to get better. A trusted adult is a good listener who can help you feel more supported and less alone. Find your friends. Find a friend or two who are willing to help you and who won’t listen to rumors. If you want, share how you feel with those friends. Don’t think too much about the situation. If you always put it in your mind, you may have a harder time. Do something to spare your attention and even forget it. Spend time and energy having fun with your friends and doing activities you enjoy. Speak up. Try to speak to the girl who’s spreading rumors. Don’t be angry or mean. No shouting. Just say what you want calmly and clearly. After you’ve said what you want, you can simply walk away. Going through a situation like this can be difficult and painful. Be positive, get support from people and try to say no to rumor makers. These things can help you go through a difficult situation and come out stronger. 1．Why did Sam write the letter? A．To ask for some advice. B．To share his school life. C．To tell people not to spread rumors. D．To explain why people spread rumors. 2．What is the proper word in the sentence “But spreading rumors usually makes people feel s...”? A．sorry B．smart C．sweet D．sad 3．How many suggestions does the writer give Sam? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What should Sam say when talking to the girl who spread rumors? A．I am so angry with you! B．Stop talking behind my back! C．Stop spreading the rumors, or I will shout at you! D．You don’t have to like me but please stop the rumors. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了山姆因学校女生传谣、同学疏远而求助，文章先提传谣动机，后给出向信任成年人求助、找朋友支持、平静沟通传谣者的建议，鼓励其积极面对。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“She keeps spreading rumors (谣言) about me and my classmates stay away from me. What should I do?(她一直在散播关于我的谣言，我的同学都离我远点。我该怎么办？)”可推知，山姆写信目的是寻求建议。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Some people spread rumors as a way to scare others and get popularity.(有些人散布谣言是为了吓唬别人，获得人气。)”以及“So what can you do if you find yourself the target (对象) of rumors and social bullying (欺凌)?(那么，如果你发现自己成为谣言和社会欺凌的目标，你该怎么办呢？)”可推知，传谣言属于负面行为，会对他人造成伤害，结合语境可知，这种行为通常会让人感到“难过”。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章结构以及三、四、五段内容可知，作者明确给出 3 条具体建议：①向信任的成年人求助（Turn to a trusted adult for support）；②找到支持自己的朋友（Find your friends）；③主动与传谣者沟通（Speak up）。最后一段为鼓励性内容，非具体建议，故共 3 条。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Going through a situation like this can be difficult and painful. Be positive, get support from people and try to say no to rumor makers. These things can help you go through a difficult situation and come out stronger.(经历这样的情况可能是困难和痛苦的。要积极，从别人那里得到支持，试着对造谣者说不。这些事情可以帮助你度过难关，变得更坚强。)”可推知，当山姆和散播谣言的女孩谈话时，他应该说“你不必喜欢我，但请停止谣言。”。故选D项。 B David Tyney, a winemaker from Marlborough, New Zealand, first visited Ningxia in 2012 to take part in a winemaking competition. At the time, he knew little about this remote region (遥远的区域) in northwest China, and he never thought this trip would start a strong friendship between two faraway wine regions. The competition aimed to help local professionals (专业人士) in Ningxia improve their skills and introduce international grape varieties (品种). Since his parents lived in Beijing, Tyney had long been drawn to Chinese culture. The competition gave him a chance to explore Ningxia’s young but promising wine industry. Over the next two years, he returned several times to guide key steps in winemaking — fermentation (发酵), oak aging (橡木桶陈酿), and bottling. His skills and devotion soon made his wines become popular. During this time, Tyney met Kiki Chen, a university student studying regional (地区的) development. He hired her as an assistant. Her strong command of English enabled Tyney to communicate effectively with the local farmers. But a problem soon appeared: Tyney wanted to wait longer before picking the grapes so they could become sweeter and tastier, but farmers wanted to pick early to sell heavier grapes and earn more money. The disagreement ended only when Tyney’s wine won an international award, proving that his method worked effectively. In 2013, Tyney invited Kiki Chen to visit Marlborough. While there, she saw that both areas were good for growing grapes — dry weather, lots of sun, and good soil. She also learned that their wine industries began at about the same time and were growing in a similar way. They contacted local officials (官员) and met Neil Henry, who pointed out a key advantage: the growing seasons were opposite. While Marlborough harvests in March and April, Ningxia harvests in September and October — making it possible for winemakers to work all year round. What began as a simple winemaking exchange has grown into something much bigger. As the wine industries in both regions developed side by side, cooperation slowly spread to education, tourism, and cultural exchange. This growing friendship shows that strong international ties often begin with the actions of just one passionate individual. 5．What can we infer about the 2012 winemaking competition? A．It was Ningxia’s first winemaking competition. B．It only introduced foreign grapes to Ningxia. C．It helped Tyney know more about Ningxia’s wine industry. D．It aimed to attract foreign winemakers to settle in Ningxia. 6．Why did Tyney and local farmers have a problem? A．Tyney’s wine was not popular locally first. B．Farmers refused Tyney’s harvest time suggestion. C．Tyney refused to hire local farmers for winemaking. D．Farmers thought Tyney’s methods raised costs. 7．What advantage of the opposite growing seasons did Neil Henry point out? A．They allowed farmers to grow different grapes. B．They enabled winemakers to work throughout the year. C．They reduced grape transportation costs. D．They gave grapes more time to grow. 8．What is the passage’s primary purpose? A．To show one’s efforts can help international cooperation. B．To explain high-quality wine’s technical process. C．To compare two wine regions’ climate and soil. D．To encourage winemakers to work in Ningxia. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了新西兰酿酒师David Tyney与中国宁夏的葡萄酒产业结缘的故事，以及两地因葡萄酒产业合作而发展出的教育、旅游和文化交流。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The competition gave him a chance to explore Ningxia’s young but promising wine industry.(比赛让他有机会探索宁夏年轻但充满希望的葡萄酒产业。)”可知，比赛帮助Tyney了解宁夏的葡萄酒产业。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But a problem soon appeared: Tyney wanted to wait longer before picking the grapes so they could become sweeter and tastier, but farmers wanted to pick early to sell heavier grapes and earn more money.(但很快出现了一个问题：Tyney希望推迟采摘葡萄的时间，以便让葡萄变得更甜、更美味，但农民们则希望早点采摘，以便能收获更多重量的葡萄并赚取更多钱。)”可知，Tyney希望晚些采摘葡萄以增加甜度，但农民想早点采摘增加重量和收入，因此可知，双方因采摘时间产生分歧。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“They contacted local officials (官员) and met Neil Henry, who pointed out a key advantage: the growing seasons were opposite. While Marlborough harvests in March and April, Ningxia harvests in September and October — making it possible for winemakers to work all year round.(他们与当地官员取得了联系，并见到了Neil Henry。他指出了一个关键优势：两地的种植季节正好相反。马尔堡在3月和4月进行采摘，而宁夏则在9月和10月进行采摘——这使得酿酒商全年都有工作可做。)”可知，Neil Henry指出两地的葡萄生长季节相反，使酿酒师可以全年工作，这是一个优势。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This growing friendship shows that strong international ties often begin with the actions of just one passionate individual.(这种日益深厚的友谊表明，强大的国际关系往往是由一位充满激情的个人的行动所开启的。)”可知，这段友谊表明国际关系往往始于一个热情个体的行动。 因此推断文章的写作目的是为了说明个人努力能促进国际合作。故选A。 C Skateboarding is more than just a sport; it’s a mix of sounds and silence. A new study shows that sound is an important, yet often undervalued part of how skateboarders connect with the activity. Skateboarders not only see their environment but also feel and hear it. Photos and videos may show the amazing moves, but they don’t express the whole experience. The sounds from the city surfaces — the “skatesound” — are a key part of the skateboarding experience.  These sounds enable skateboarders to check the success of their moves, test if surfaces are suitable for skating, and send messages to others around them. However, the study introduces an interesting idea — the “skatesound paradox (悖论) ”. Skateboarders are aware of the troubling nature of the noise they produce and change their behavior accordingly in certain situations to make less noise. Skateboarders describe the sound of the sport as both unpleasant and pleasant. Researchers from the University of Exeter carried out interviews with 18 adult skateboarders aged between 19 and 51 from different places and experience levels. They found that the skatesound made people feel included, especially those who might feel left out of more traditional and regular sports. Interestingly, most skateboarders were against the idea of listening to music through headphones (耳机) while skateboarding, viewing it as unfriendly. The sport is considered a social activity, and wearing headphones breaks the connection with the group and the overall experience. However, those who chose to listen to music through headphones while skateboarding had their reasons. Music helped with focus for some skateboarders, while headphones served as a social barrier (障碍) for others, offering them more confidence. The study shows that the skateboard is not just a toy or sports object but an “ear under the feet”. Next time you hear the sounds of wheels and the board hitting the ground, think about what skateboarders are listening to. They’re not simply making noise. Skateboarders are learning through their senses, connecting with their friends, and perhaps, finding unusual peace in a noisy world. 9．What does the new study focus on? A．The health benefits of skateboarding practice. B．The social connections between skateboarders. C．The influence of skateboarding on city culture. D．The role of sound in skateboarding experiences. 10．How do skateboarders behave given the “skatesound paradox”? A．Staying away from noisy skating areas. B．Paying attention to some simple moves. C．Valuing yet trying to control the sound. D．Lowering the noise through a group effort. 11．What did the findings from the interviews show about the skatesound? A．It does harm to hearing ability. B．It creates a sense of belonging. C．It raises skateboarders’confidence. D．It fits well with background music. 12．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Find peace in freestyle skateboarding. B．Respect skateboarders’ training habits. C．Recognize the danger of skateboarding. D．Consider the skatesound’s deeper meaning. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了声音在滑板运动体验中的重要作用及相关现象。 9．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“A new study shows that sound is an important, yet often undervalued part of how skateboarders connect with the activity. (一项新的研究表明，声音是滑板运动员与这项活动联系的一个重要但常常被低估的部分。)”可知，这项新研究关注的是声音在滑板体验中的作用。故选D。 10．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“However, the study introduces an interesting idea — the ‘skatesound paradox (悖论)’. Skateboarders are aware of the troubling nature of the noise they produce and change their behavior accordingly in certain situations to make less noise. (然而，这项研究引入了一个有趣的概念——“滑板声悖论”。滑板运动员意识到他们产生的噪音的麻烦性质，并在某些情况下相应地改变他们的行为以减少噪音)”可知，滑板运动员意识到滑板声的问题，并在特定情况下改变行为以减少噪音，这表明他们重视但试图控制声音。故选C。 11．细节理解题。 根据第四段中“They found that the skatesound made people feel included, especially those who might feel left out of more traditional and regular sports .(他们发现，滑板声让人们感到被接纳，尤其是那些可能觉得自己被更传统和常规的运动排除在外的人。)”可知，访谈结果表明滑板声创造了一种归属感。故选B。 12．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Next time you hear the sounds of wheels and the board hitting the ground, think about what skateboarders are listening to. They’re not simply making noise. Skateboarders are learning through their senses, connecting with their friends, and perhaps, finding unusual peace in a noisy world. (下次当你听到轮子和滑板撞击地面的声音时，想想滑板运动员在听什么。他们不仅仅是在制造噪音。滑板运动员通过他们的感官学习，与他们的朋友联系，也许，在这个嘈杂的世界中找到不同寻常的平静。)”可知，作者建议人们考虑滑板声的更深层含义。故选D。 D AI kitchens, once a concept of science fiction, are now a reality across the globe. These advanced kitchens use robots to perform a variety of tasks such as flipping hamburgers, frying chicken, creating pizzas, preparing salads, and baking bread. The mixture of artificial intelligence in these kitchens allows for the invention of recipes based on the molecular compatibility (分子兼容性) of ingredients. The benefits of AI-driven kitchens extend beyond mere convenience. AI kitchens enable chefs to be more creative, as well as removing repetitive, boring tasks such as washing the dishes or standing for hours. Not having to cook means being able to spend more time with family or focus on more urgent tasks. For personalized eating, AI can provide countless special diets on demand. However, there are also risks to human well-being. Cooking can be relaxing and provides opportunities for many things: gratitude, communication, adventure, independence, confidence and more, all of which may be lost if no one needs to cook. Family relationships could be affected if parents and children are no longer working together in the kitchen — a suitable space to chat, in contrast to what can feel like an interrogation (盘问) at the dining table. Moreover, the food service industry faces challenges as many workers may struggle to acquire new skills for different jobs, despite the hope that technology will create more jobs than it eliminates (消除). In conclusion, the rise of AI kitchens shows both opportunities and challenges. While they increase the efficiency and creativity in the culinary world (烹饪界), they also raise questions about society and family. The balance between developing technological advancements and preserving the human elements of cooking can’t be ignored. 13．How do AI kitchens enhance the creativity of chefs? A．By providing more ingredients. B．By inventing special recipes. C．By reducing cooking time. D．By offering cooking classes. 14．What is a negative impact of AI kitchens on family relationships? A．Increased cooking time. B．More time spent together. C．Loss of cooking as an interactive activity. D．Improved communication. 15．What is a challenge faced by the food service industry? A．Increased job opportunities. B．More diverse menu options. C．Lower food prices. D．Workers’ struggling to acquire new skills. 16．What is the author’s attitude toward AI kitchens? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了人工智能厨房的兴起，分析了其带来的便利与创意提升，同时也指出了其对人类福祉、家庭关系以及食品服务行业可能产生的负面影响，并强调了平衡技术进步与保留烹饪人文元素的重要性。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“The mixture of artificial intelligence in these kitchens allows for the invention of recipes based on the molecular compatibility (分子兼容性) of ingredients.(这些厨房中的人工智能混合技术使得根据食材的分子兼容性来发明食谱成为可能。)”和第二段“AI kitchens enable chefs to be more creative.(人工智能厨房让厨师更有创造力。)”可知，人工智能厨房通过发明特殊的食谱来提高厨师的创造力。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Family relationships could be affected if parents and children are no longer working together in the kitchen — a suitable space to chat, in contrast to what can feel like an interrogation (盘问) at the dining table.(如果父母和孩子不再一起在厨房工作，家庭关系可能会受到影响——厨房是一个适合聊天的空间，与餐桌上可能感觉像是在盘问的情况形成对比。)”可知，人工智能厨房对家庭关系的负面影响是失去了烹饪作为互动活动的乐趣。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover, the food service industry faces challenges as many workers may struggle to acquire new skills for different jobs, despite the hope that technology will create more jobs than it eliminates (消除).(此外，食品服务行业也面临着挑战，因为尽管人们希望技术能创造比消除更多的就业机会，但许多工人可能仍难以获得不同工作所需的新技能。)”可知，食品服务行业面临的挑战是工人难以获得新技能。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, the rise of AI kitchens shows both opportunities and challenges. While they increases the efficiency and creativity in the culinary world (烹饪界), they also raise questions about society and family. The balance between developing technological advancements and preserving the human elements of cooking can’t be ignored.(总之，人工智能厨房的兴起既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。虽然它们提高了烹饪界的效率和创造力，但也引发了关于社会和家庭的问题。发展技术进步与保留烹饪人文元素之间的平衡不容忽视。)”可知，作者对人工智能厨房的态度是客观的，既看到了其好处，也看到了其可能带来的问题。故选D。 五、完形填空 It was a cold winter. A snowstorm 1 our town. The wind 2 all night and the snow was blinding. The next morning, my three kids and I got out of bed and went to the window. To our 3 , the henhouse was gone! The 4 had taken our three hens with it. I quickly 5 my winter coat and scarf. My kids watched from the window as I stepped into the snowstorm. Outside, the wind was so 6 that I could hardly stand. I could see nothing, but I 7 the faint (微弱的) sounds of our hens. After a while, I found the 8 held onto an overturned basket. One by one, I 9 picked them up and carried them back to a small shed (棚) behind our house. I placed them gently on the 10 , and they began to cluck (咯咯地叫). As I shut the shed door, I looked up and saw my children 11 at the window, eyes wide with 12 . Their smiles and cheers made me feel 13 in the cold. I wasn’t a superhero, just a mom trying to 14 our hens. But in my children’s eyes, I was a hero. Their joy and admiration made me 15 that sometimes, the little things we do can mean a lot to others. 1．A．saw B．stopped C．hit D．missed 2．A．fell B．blew C．rested D．lost 3．A．joy B．shame C．pride D．surprise 4．A．storm B．rain C．cloud D．henhouse 5．A．jumped at B．took off C．threw away D．put on 6．A．weak B．cold C．strong D．natural 7．A．followed B．blocked C．covered D．recorded 8．A．hens B．ducks C．kids D．birds 9．A．angrily B．carefully C．sadly D．curiously 10．A．wall B．bed C．table D．floor 11．A．hiding B．cheering C．looking D．shaking 12．A．fear B．pain C．excitement D．confidence 13．A．regretful B．worried C．shocked D．warm 14．A．save B．sell C．feed D．cook 15．A．forget B．imagine C．realize D．promise 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述在一个暴风雪肆虐的冬日，作者家鸡舍被吹走、母鸡失踪，作者顶风冒雪找回母鸡，此举在孩子眼中宛如英雄所为，让作者意识到小事也可能意义重大。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场暴风雪袭击了我们镇。A. saw看见；B. stopped停止；C. hit袭击；D. missed错过。根据前文“It was a cold winter. A snowstorm”和下文在暴风雪中找母鸡的叙述，可知是风雪袭击了小镇，故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：风刮了一夜，雪也下得让人眼花缭乱。A. fell落下；B. blew吹；C. rested休息；D. lost丢失。根据上文“It was a cold winter. A snowstorm”和常识可知暴风雪袭击了小镇，所以应该是吹了一夜的风，故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们吃惊的是，鸡舍不见了！A. joy高兴；B. shame羞耻；C. pride骄傲；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“the henhouse was gone”可知鸡舍不见了，这是意外情况，因此感到惊讶。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雪带走了我们的三只母鸡。A. storm暴风雪；B. rain雨；C. cloud云；D. henhouse鸡舍。根据上文“A snowstorm 　　1　　 our town. The wind 　　2　　 all night and the snow was blinding.”可知暴风雪袭击了小镇，并且刮了一夜的风，所以是暴风雪把鸡舍刮走了，并且带走了三只母鸡，故选A。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我迅速穿上冬衣，戴上围巾。A. jumped at急于接受；B. took off脱掉；C. threw away扔掉；D. put on穿上。根据下文“stepped into the snowstorm”可知是走进暴风雪，因此应是穿上冬衣和围巾。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：外面，风太大了，我几乎站不稳。A. weak弱的；B. cold冷的；C. strong强劲的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“could hardly stand (几乎站不稳)”，可知风很大。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我什么也看不见，但我跟着母鸡微弱的叫声走。A. followed跟随；B. blocked阻碍；C. covered覆盖；D. recorded记录。上文提到“could see nothing”可知什么也看不见，及转折词“but”可知需体现“能通过声音寻找”，因此是跟着母鸡微弱的叫声走。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我发现母鸡抓住了一个翻倒的篮子。A. hens母鸡；B. ducks鸭子；C. kids孩子；D. birds鸟。根据文章开头“taken our three hens with it”可知作者一直在寻找母鸡，在结合下文“picked them up and carried them back to a small shed (棚) behind our house”可知是找到了母鸡，故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我小心翼翼地把它们一个接一个地抱起来，带回到我们房子后面的一个小棚子里。A. angrily生气地；B. carefully小心地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. curiously好奇地。根据前文的暴风雪和常识可知，母鸡有可能受到了惊吓，所以应是小心翼翼的把它们抱起来带回家，故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我轻轻地把它们放在地面上，它们开始咯咯地叫起来。A. wall墙壁；B. bed床；C. table桌子；D. floor地面。根据上文“carried them back to a small shed (棚) behind our house”可知作者把母鸡带回小棚里，应是放在地面上，故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我关上小棚的门时，我抬头看到我的孩子们在窗边欢呼，兴奋地睁大了眼睛。他们的微笑和欢呼使我在寒冷中感到很舒服。A. hiding隐藏；B. cheering欢呼；C. looking看；D. shaking发抖。根据下文“Their smiles and cheers”可知孩子在窗边欢呼，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：同上。 A. fear害怕；B. pain痛苦；C. excitement激动；D. confidence信心。根据上文“As I shut the shed door, I looked up and saw my children 　　11　　 at the window”可知孩子们看到母鸡被找回来了，应是因为激动、兴奋而眼睛睁得大大的，故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：他们的微笑和欢呼使我在寒冷中感到温暖。A. regretful后悔的；B. worried担心的；C. shocked震惊的；D. warm温暖的。根据下文“in the cold”可知孩子们的微笑和欢呼给寒冷中的作者带来了温暖，“warm”与“cold”形成对比，符合情感逻辑，故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我不是超级英雄，只是个想救母鸡的妈妈。A. save拯救；B. sell卖；C. feed喂；D. cook煮。根据前文“The 　　4　　 had taken our three hens with it.”可知母鸡被暴风雪带走，以及后文都在讲述作者在暴风雪中寻找母鸡并带回，所以拯救母鸡符合核心思想，故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他们的喜悦和钦佩让我意识到，有时候，我们做的小事对别人来说可能意味着很多。A. forget忘记；B. imagine想象；C. realize意识到；D. promise答应。根据下文“sometimes, the little things we do can mean a lot to others (有时我们做的小事对别人意义重大)”可推知，这是作者通过这件事明白的道理。故选C。 六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (bear)into a family of dough sculptors, Lang Jiaziyu began learning dough sculpture at the age of 3. He 2 (be)passionate about traditional crafts since childhood. And now he digitally catalogs existing dough sculpture works, protects them through 3 (technique)means such as 3D scanning and shares his artifacts and creative process online, 4 (spread)these intangible cultural heritages and gaining 2 million fans. On Facebook, young internet users created a group called “Social Distance Powwow”, 5 they share videos on Native American cultural traditions like drumming and dancing to connect Indigenous people and spread awareness about Native American cultures. In the opinion of Zhou Min, assistant dean of the School of 6 (journal)and Communication at Beijing Normal University, intangible cultural heritage has 7 (it)fragility, but through digital technology, it can gain resilience. The communique of 8 Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on the Chinese people 9 (boost)cultural confidence and work to carry forward traditional Chinese culture, stay abreast 10 the latest trends in information technology, cultivate a vast pool of talent in the cultural sector, and ignite the cultural creativity of the entire nation. 【答案】1．Born 2．has been 3．technical 4．spreading 5．where 6．Journalism 7．its 8．the 9．to boost 10．of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了数字化技术在保护和传播非物质文化遗产中的重要作用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：出生于面塑世家的 郎佳子彧3岁开始学习面塑。此处需要非谓语动词作状语，Lang Jiaziyu与bear是被动关系，且非谓语动作发生在谓语之前，因此需要使用过去分词形式。位于句首，故填Born。 2．考查现完成时。句意：他从小就对传统手工艺充满热情。此处需要使用动词作谓语，主语he是第三人称单数，根据时间状语since childhood可知，此处需要使用现在完成时。故填has been。 3．考查形容词。句意：现在，他对现有面塑作品进行数字化编目，通过3D扫描等技术手段进行保护，并在网上分享他的作品和创作过程，传播这些非物质文化遗产，获得了200万粉丝。此处需要使用形容词作定语，修饰名词means，technique是名词，其形容词形式为technical，意为“技术的”。故填technical。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，他对现有面塑作品进行数字化编目，通过3D扫描等技术手段进行保护，并在网上分享她的作品和创作过程，传播这些非物质文化遗产，获得了200万粉丝。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，主语she与spread是主动关系，且与谓语同时发生，因此需要使用现在分词形式。故填spreading。 5．考查定语从句。句意：在Facebook上，年轻的互联网用户创建了一个名为Social Distance Powwow的小组，在那里他们分享有关美国土著文化传统的视频，比如打鼓和跳舞，以建立联系。此处需要使用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为group，先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此需使用关系副词。故填where。 6．考查名词。句意：在北京师范大学新闻与传播学院副院长周敏看来，非物质文化遗产有其脆弱性，但通过数字技术，它可以获得弹性。此处需要使用名词作of后的宾语，journal意为“新闻”，此处与Communication通过and构成并列关系，即“新闻与传播学院”，因此需使用名词“journalism”表专业名称，首字母大写。故填Journalism。 7．考查代词。句意：在北京师范大学新闻与传播学院副院长周敏看来，非物质文化遗产有其脆弱性，但通过数字技术，它可以获得弹性。此处需要使用形容词性物主代词，置于名词fragility之前。故填its。 8．考查冠词。句意：中国共产党第二十届三中全会公报要求，中国人民要坚定文化自信，努力弘扬中华传统文化，紧跟信息技术最新发展趋势，培养大批文化人才，激发全民族的文化创造力。此处需使用定冠词the，置于专有名词Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China之前，表示特指。故填the。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国共产党第二十届三中全会公报要求，中国人民要坚定文化自信，努力弘扬中华传统文化，紧跟信息技术最新发展趋势，培养大批文化人才，激发全民族的文化创造力。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语表目的，主语The communique与boost是主动关系，且发生在谓语之后，因此需要使用不定式主动形式。故填to boost。 10．考查介词。句意：中国共产党第二十届三中全会公报要求，中国人民要坚定文化自信，努力弘扬中华传统文化，紧跟信息技术最新发展趋势，培养大批文化人才，激发全民族的文化创造力。此处需要使用介词of，构成固定搭配“stay abreast of sth.”意为“紧跟……”。故填of。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练 知识点1 旅游交通类词汇 1.tourism n. 旅游业 2.tourist n. 游客 3.tour n. & v. 旅行 4.book/reserve v. 预定 5.hotel n. 酒店 6.museum n. 博物馆 7.gallery n. 美术馆 8.scene n. 风景 9.luggage n. 行李 10.suitcase n. 手提箱 11.camera n. 相机 12.pack v. 打包 13.attract v. 吸引 14.attractive adj. 有吸引力的 15.accident n. 事故 16.fantastic adj. 极好的 17.splendid adj. 壮丽的 18.impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 19.transport n. 交通 20.airport n. 机场 21.flight n. 航班 22.airplane n. 飞机 23.delay v. & n. 延期 24.underground/subway n. 地铁 25.taxi n. 的士 26.truck n. 卡车 27.board v. 登上（船、飞机等） 28.cross v. 穿过 29.crossroads n. 十字路口 30. comfortable adj. 舒适的 31.break down（机器或车辆）出故障 32.a booking office 售票处 33.pay a visit to 参观，拜访 34.traffic jam 交通堵塞 35.make a reservation 预定 36.appeal to… 对……有吸引力 37.check in（在旅馆、机场等）登记 38.check out 结账离开（旅馆等） 39.put up 投宿 40.take off 起飞 41.places of interest 名胜古迹 42.single/double room 单人/双人间 43.a train schedule 列车时刻表 44.tourist attractions 旅游景点 45.a shared bike 共享单车 46.book/reserve a room/ticket 订房间/票 47.break/observe the traffic rules/regulations 违反/遵守交通规则 48.a spring outing/an autumn outing 春游/秋游 知识点2 生态旅游与发展类词汇 1.ecotourism n. 生态旅游 2.balance n. & v. 平衡 3.absorb v. 吸收 4.atmosphere n. 大气 5.environmental adj. 环境的 6.chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品 7.destination n. 目的地 8.protect v. 保护 9.renewable adj. 可再生的 10.cave n. 山洞 11.coast n. 海岸 12.purify v.（使）净化 13.recycle v. 使再循环 14.restore v. 恢复 15.reuse v. 重复使用 16.pollution n. 污染 17.trash n. 垃圾 18.countryside n. 乡下 19.waterfall n. 瀑布 20.grassland n. 草原 21.peak n. 山峰；顶峰 22.raise awareness of 提高……意识 23.low carbon 低碳 24.put up a tent 搭帐篷 25.keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡 26.wind power 风能 27.travel brochure 旅行指南 28.environmentally friendly 环保的 29.environmental protection 环保 30.natural scenery 自然景观 31.live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 32.be kind to nature 善待大自然 33.solar energy 太阳能 34.wild animals and plants 野生动植物 35.protect trees 保护树木 36.water-saving habit 节约用水的习惯 37.the rules and laws of nature 自然规律 38.national park 国家公园 39.check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记 40.check out 结账离开（旅馆等） 41.pack up 收拾行装 42.a summer resort 避暑胜地 43.be/get stuck in 被困在…… 44.economy class 经济舱 45.natural resource 自然资源 知识点 3 自然灾害与防范类词汇 与自然灾害相关的词汇 1.flood n. 洪水 2.occur v. 发生 3.missing adj. 失踪的 4.earthquake n. 地震 5.collapse v. 倒塌 6.stricken adj. 受灾的 7.drought n. 旱灾 8.burst v. 爆裂，爆炸 9.disaster n. 灾难 10.typhoon n. 台风 11.destroy v. 毁坏 12.injured adj. 受伤的 13.cut off 中断；切掉；阻挡 14.in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 15.disaster-hit areas 受灾地区 16.wash away冲走，洗掉，冲掉 17.dig out 挖掘 18.due to 由于，因为 19.rescue work 救灾工作 20.take shelter from 躲避 21.be shocked at 对……感到震惊 与灾害防范相关的词汇 1.trapped adj. 被困住 2.rescue v. 营救，救助 3.aware adj. 意识到 4.prevention n. 预防 5.predict v. 预测 6.urgent adj. 紧急的 7.strategy n. 策略 8.warn v. 提醒，警告 9.frightened adj. 害怕的 10.measure n. 措施 11.prevent v. 阻止 11.right away 立刻，马上 12.prepare for 为……作准备 13.race against the clock 争分夺秒 14.trapped people 被困人员 15.endanger the lives of 危及……的生命 16.call on people to make donations 呼吁人们进行捐款 17.offer one's helping hands 伸出救援之手 18.cause great damage 造成重大损害 19.make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 知识点4 主要国家地理概况类词汇 1．foundation n．创建；基础；地基 2．trunk n．树干 3．equator n．赤道 4．fence n．篱笆，栅栏 5．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 6．scenery n．风景；景色 7．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 8．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 9．getaway n．适合度假的地方 10．urban adj.城市的；都市的 11．session n．一场；一段时间；会议 12．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 13．joint n．关节 adj.联合的；共同的 14．antique n．古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的 15．desert n．沙漠；荒原 vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃 16．alongside prep.在……旁边；与……一起 adv.在旁边 17．highlight n．最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出；强调；使醒目 18．unique adj.独特的，稀罕的；[数] 唯一的，独一无二的 19．mist n．薄雾；水汽 misty adj.多雾的；模糊的 20．border n．国界；边界(地区) 21．harbour n．(海)港；港口 22．shore n．岸；滨 23．premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．总理；首相 24．minister n．部长；大臣；外交使节 25．arrow n．箭；箭头 26．monument n．纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹 27．contrary to相反的；相对立的 28．dry up 枯竭 29．be native to原产于 30．a flock of 一群(羊或鸟) 31．geyser n．间歇泉 32．prison n．监狱；监禁 33．slogan n．标语；口号 34．domain n．领域；领土；范围 35．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 36．grand adj.大；宏大的 37．grizzly bear n．灰熊 38．prairie n．北美草原 39．peak season 高峰季节 40．owe sth to sb欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 41．geothermal park 地热公园 42．take sb’s breath away令人惊叹 43．historic landmark历史地标，历史遗迹 44．historical insights 历史见解，历史洞察力 45．play a part/role in在……中起作用；扮演一个角色 46．approximately adv.大约；大概 47．herb n．药草；香草；草本 48．literally adv.字面上；真正地 49．coherent adj.有条理的；连贯的 50．eventful adj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的 51．reportage n．报告文学，报道文体；报道，新闻报道 52．spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 53．continental adj.大陆的；大洲的 54．extensive adj.广阔的；大量的 55．license(＝licence) vt.批准；许可 n．许可证；执照 56．district n．地区；区域 57．channel n．水渠；海峡 58．frontier n．前沿；边界；前线 59．geological adj.地质学的 知识点5 地球宇宙探索类词汇 1．mankind n．人类 2．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 3．facility n．设施；设备 4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 5．telescope n．望远镜 6．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 8．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 9．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 10．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 11．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间 12．gravity n．重力，地球引力 13．solar system太阳系；类太阳系 14．International Space Station 国际空间站 15．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 16．float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 17．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 18．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果 analyz(s)e vt.分析 19．bother v．使烦恼；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 n．麻烦，困难 20．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 21．drilling n．钻探；勘探 22．downfall n．衰败 23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 24．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 25．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 26．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪 27．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 28．astronomy n．天文学 29．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 30．check out调查，检查 31．high-end adj.高端的 32．Mars n．火星 33．Jupiter n．木星 34．shuttle n．航天飞机 35．simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器 36．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 37．galaxy n．星系 38．cosmic adj.宇宙的 39．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 40．particle n．粒子 41．mission n．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务 42．discipline vt.训练 n．训练，纪律 43．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 44．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 45．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 46．investigation n．调查 47．substance n．物质 48．microwave n．微波炉；微波 49．invisible adj.看不见的 50．unexceptional adj.平常的 51．instantaneously adv.瞬间地 52．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政 53．uncontrollably adv.控制不住地 54．polestar n．北极星 55．comet n．彗星 56．hazardous adj.有危险的，不安全的 57．intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 58．sphere n．天体 59．planet n．行星 60．constellation n．星座 一、根据语境写出单词的汉语意思 （一）写出下列句子中board的含义 1．I posted a question on the message board. ______________ 2．She has a seat on the board of directors. ______________ 3．Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. ______________ 4．Have the passengers gone on board yet? ______________ 5．The ship was boarded by customs officials. ______________ （二）判断下列句子中break down的含义 6．If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break down sooner or later. 7．What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes. 8．One night in the pouring rain, Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road. 9．Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities. （三）写出句中observe的含义 10．Although the thief was careful, he was still observed to steal into the shop last night and caught. 11．It is everyone’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 12．Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. 13．Masses of people observe the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival which falls on the Autumnal Equinox (秋分) of the lunar calendar each year. 二、单句语法填空 1．They studied whether or how air (pollute) might affect the body’s response to stress. 2．Some of the greatest problems we face today are the (destroy) of our environment. 3．Last night, they succeeded in preventing the fire from (break) out. 4．If you are going abroad for an (extend) period of time, you could probably consider renting your house out. 5．Firstly, I have an (extend) knowledge of our school’s history and culture. 6．Air pollution is becoming increasingly serious, so we must take (measure) to control it. 7．The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 8．The frightening scene nearly frightened me to death. So (frighten) was I that I was on the verge of tears. 9．I can get (injure) while training or playing and that’s the worst! 10．The question is why he bothered (make) the speech at all. 三、选词填空 available, secure, analyze, persuade, gentle, conclusion, absence, career, accompany, combined, defeated, ban 1．They have successfully the old with the new in this room. 2．After much discussion, we finally reached a . 3．The babysitter was very , with the children, telling them a soft bedtime story. 4．Could you me to the doctor’s office? I don’t want to go alone. 5．It’s difficult to him to change his mind once it’s made up. 6．The city council decided to single-use plastics to reduce pollution. 7．Are you for a meeting tomorrow morning? 8．Before we make a decision, we need to the data thoroughly. 9．The of any clear evidence made the case very difficult to solve. 10．He decided to change his path from finance to teaching, seeking a more fulfilling life. 四、阅读理解 A There is this girl at school, and we don’t really get along. She keeps spreading rumors (谣言) about me and my classmates stay away from me. What should I do? ——Sam Some people spread rumors as a way to scare others and get popularity. But spreading rumors usually makes people feel s… So what can you do if you find yourself the target (对象) of rumors and social bullying (欺凌)? Turn to a trusted adult for support. Talk to someone you can trust, like a parent, teacher, or coach. Let that person know what you’re going through. Keep him or her knowing what’s going on, even as things start to get better. A trusted adult is a good listener who can help you feel more supported and less alone. Find your friends. Find a friend or two who are willing to help you and who won’t listen to rumors. If you want, share how you feel with those friends. Don’t think too much about the situation. If you always put it in your mind, you may have a harder time. Do something to spare your attention and even forget it. Spend time and energy having fun with your friends and doing activities you enjoy. Speak up. Try to speak to the girl who’s spreading rumors. Don’t be angry or mean. No shouting. Just say what you want calmly and clearly. After you’ve said what you want, you can simply walk away. Going through a situation like this can be difficult and painful. Be positive, get support from people and try to say no to rumor makers. These things can help you go through a difficult situation and come out stronger. 1．Why did Sam write the letter? A．To ask for some advice. B．To share his school life. C．To tell people not to spread rumors. D．To explain why people spread rumors. 2．What is the proper word in the sentence “But spreading rumors usually makes people feel s...”? A．sorry B．smart C．sweet D．sad 3．How many suggestions does the writer give Sam? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What should Sam say when talking to the girl who spread rumors? A．I am so angry with you! B．Stop talking behind my back! C．Stop spreading the rumors, or I will shout at you! D．You don’t have to like me but please stop the rumors. B David Tyney, a winemaker from Marlborough, New Zealand, first visited Ningxia in 2012 to take part in a winemaking competition. At the time, he knew little about this remote region (遥远的区域) in northwest China, and he never thought this trip would start a strong friendship between two faraway wine regions. The competition aimed to help local professionals (专业人士) in Ningxia improve their skills and introduce international grape varieties (品种). Since his parents lived in Beijing, Tyney had long been drawn to Chinese culture. The competition gave him a chance to explore Ningxia’s young but promising wine industry. Over the next two years, he returned several times to guide key steps in winemaking — fermentation (发酵), oak aging (橡木桶陈酿), and bottling. His skills and devotion soon made his wines become popular. During this time, Tyney met Kiki Chen, a university student studying regional (地区的) development. He hired her as an assistant. Her strong command of English enabled Tyney to communicate effectively with the local farmers. But a problem soon appeared: Tyney wanted to wait longer before picking the grapes so they could become sweeter and tastier, but farmers wanted to pick early to sell heavier grapes and earn more money. The disagreement ended only when Tyney’s wine won an international award, proving that his method worked effectively. In 2013, Tyney invited Kiki Chen to visit Marlborough. While there, she saw that both areas were good for growing grapes — dry weather, lots of sun, and good soil. She also learned that their wine industries began at about the same time and were growing in a similar way. They contacted local officials (官员) and met Neil Henry, who pointed out a key advantage: the growing seasons were opposite. While Marlborough harvests in March and April, Ningxia harvests in September and October — making it possible for winemakers to work all year round. What began as a simple winemaking exchange has grown into something much bigger. As the wine industries in both regions developed side by side, cooperation slowly spread to education, tourism, and cultural exchange. This growing friendship shows that strong international ties often begin with the actions of just one passionate individual. 5．What can we infer about the 2012 winemaking competition? A．It was Ningxia’s first winemaking competition. B．It only introduced foreign grapes to Ningxia. C．It helped Tyney know more about Ningxia’s wine industry. D．It aimed to attract foreign winemakers to settle in Ningxia. 6．Why did Tyney and local farmers have a problem? A．Tyney’s wine was not popular locally first. B．Farmers refused Tyney’s harvest time suggestion. C．Tyney refused to hire local farmers for winemaking. D．Farmers thought Tyney’s methods raised costs. 7．What advantage of the opposite growing seasons did Neil Henry point out? A．They allowed farmers to grow different grapes. B．They enabled winemakers to work throughout the year. C．They reduced grape transportation costs. D．They gave grapes more time to grow. 8．What is the passage’s primary purpose? A．To show one’s efforts can help international cooperation. B．To explain high-quality wine’s technical process. C．To compare two wine regions’ climate and soil. D．To encourage winemakers to work in Ningxia. C Skateboarding is more than just a sport; it’s a mix of sounds and silence. A new study shows that sound is an important, yet often undervalued part of how skateboarders connect with the activity. Skateboarders not only see their environment but also feel and hear it. Photos and videos may show the amazing moves, but they don’t express the whole experience. The sounds from the city surfaces — the “skatesound” — are a key part of the skateboarding experience.  These sounds enable skateboarders to check the success of their moves, test if surfaces are suitable for skating, and send messages to others around them. However, the study introduces an interesting idea — the “skatesound paradox (悖论) ”. Skateboarders are aware of the troubling nature of the noise they produce and change their behavior accordingly in certain situations to make less noise. Skateboarders describe the sound of the sport as both unpleasant and pleasant. Researchers from the University of Exeter carried out interviews with 18 adult skateboarders aged between 19 and 51 from different places and experience levels. They found that the skatesound made people feel included, especially those who might feel left out of more traditional and regular sports. Interestingly, most skateboarders were against the idea of listening to music through headphones (耳机) while skateboarding, viewing it as unfriendly. The sport is considered a social activity, and wearing headphones breaks the connection with the group and the overall experience. However, those who chose to listen to music through headphones while skateboarding had their reasons. Music helped with focus for some skateboarders, while headphones served as a social barrier (障碍) for others, offering them more confidence. The study shows that the skateboard is not just a toy or sports object but an “ear under the feet”. Next time you hear the sounds of wheels and the board hitting the ground, think about what skateboarders are listening to. They’re not simply making noise. Skateboarders are learning through their senses, connecting with their friends, and perhaps, finding unusual peace in a noisy world. 9．What does the new study focus on? A．The health benefits of skateboarding practice. B．The social connections between skateboarders. C．The influence of skateboarding on city culture. D．The role of sound in skateboarding experiences. 10．How do skateboarders behave given the “skatesound paradox”? A．Staying away from noisy skating areas. B．Paying attention to some simple moves. C．Valuing yet trying to control the sound. D．Lowering the noise through a group effort. 11．What did the findings from the interviews show about the skatesound? A．It does harm to hearing ability. B．It creates a sense of belonging. C．It raises skateboarders’confidence. D．It fits well with background music. 12．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Find peace in freestyle skateboarding. B．Respect skateboarders’ training habits. C．Recognize the danger of skateboarding. D．Consider the skatesound’s deeper meaning. D AI kitchens, once a concept of science fiction, are now a reality across the globe. These advanced kitchens use robots to perform a variety of tasks such as flipping hamburgers, frying chicken, creating pizzas, preparing salads, and baking bread. The mixture of artificial intelligence in these kitchens allows for the invention of recipes based on the molecular compatibility (分子兼容性) of ingredients. The benefits of AI-driven kitchens extend beyond mere convenience. AI kitchens enable chefs to be more creative, as well as removing repetitive, boring tasks such as washing the dishes or standing for hours. Not having to cook means being able to spend more time with family or focus on more urgent tasks. For personalized eating, AI can provide countless special diets on demand. However, there are also risks to human well-being. Cooking can be relaxing and provides opportunities for many things: gratitude, communication, adventure, independence, confidence and more, all of which may be lost if no one needs to cook. Family relationships could be affected if parents and children are no longer working together in the kitchen — a suitable space to chat, in contrast to what can feel like an interrogation (盘问) at the dining table. Moreover, the food service industry faces challenges as many workers may struggle to acquire new skills for different jobs, despite the hope that technology will create more jobs than it eliminates (消除). In conclusion, the rise of AI kitchens shows both opportunities and challenges. While they increase the efficiency and creativity in the culinary world (烹饪界), they also raise questions about society and family. The balance between developing technological advancements and preserving the human elements of cooking can’t be ignored. 13．How do AI kitchens enhance the creativity of chefs? A．By providing more ingredients. B．By inventing special recipes. C．By reducing cooking time. D．By offering cooking classes. 14．What is a negative impact of AI kitchens on family relationships? A．Increased cooking time. B．More time spent together. C．Loss of cooking as an interactive activity. D．Improved communication. 15．What is a challenge faced by the food service industry? A．Increased job opportunities. B．More diverse menu options. C．Lower food prices. D．Workers’ struggling to acquire new skills. 16．What is the author’s attitude toward AI kitchens? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 五、完形填空 It was a cold winter. A snowstorm 1 our town. The wind 2 all night and the snow was blinding. The next morning, my three kids and I got out of bed and went to the window. To our 3 , the henhouse was gone! The 4 had taken our three hens with it. I quickly 5 my winter coat and scarf. My kids watched from the window as I stepped into the snowstorm. Outside, the wind was so 6 that I could hardly stand. I could see nothing, but I 7 the faint (微弱的) sounds of our hens. After a while, I found the 8 held onto an overturned basket. One by one, I 9 picked them up and carried them back to a small shed (棚) behind our house. I placed them gently on the 10 , and they began to cluck (咯咯地叫). As I shut the shed door, I looked up and saw my children 11 at the window, eyes wide with 12 . Their smiles and cheers made me feel 13 in the cold. I wasn’t a superhero, just a mom trying to 14 our hens. But in my children’s eyes, I was a hero. Their joy and admiration made me 15 that sometimes, the little things we do can mean a lot to others. 1．A．saw B．stopped C．hit D．missed 2．A．fell B．blew C．rested D．lost 3．A．joy B．shame C．pride D．surprise 4．A．storm B．rain C．cloud D．henhouse 5．A．jumped at B．took off C．threw away D．put on 6．A．weak B．cold C．strong D．natural 7．A．followed B．blocked C．covered D．recorded 8．A．hens B．ducks C．kids D．birds 9．A．angrily B．carefully C．sadly D．curiously 10．A．wall B．bed C．table D．floor 11．A．hiding B．cheering C．looking D．shaking 12．A．fear B．pain C．excitement D．confidence 13．A．regretful B．worried C．shocked D．warm 14．A．save B．sell C．feed D．cook 15．A．forget B．imagine C．realize D．promise 六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (bear)into a family of dough sculptors, Lang Jiaziyu began learning dough sculpture at the age of 3. He 2 (be)passionate about traditional crafts since childhood. And now he digitally catalogs existing dough sculpture works, protects them through 3 (technique)means such as 3D scanning and shares his artifacts and creative process online, 4 (spread)these intangible cultural heritages and gaining 2 million fans. On Facebook, young internet users created a group called “Social Distance Powwow”, 5 they share videos on Native American cultural traditions like drumming and dancing to connect Indigenous people and spread awareness about Native American cultures. In the opinion of Zhou Min, assistant dean of the School of 6 (journal)and Communication at Beijing Normal University, intangible cultural heritage has 7 (it)fragility, but through digital technology, it can gain resilience. The communique of 8 Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on the Chinese people 9 (boost)cultural confidence and work to carry forward traditional Chinese culture, stay abreast 10 the latest trends in information technology, cultivate a vast pool of talent in the cultural sector, and ignite the cultural creativity of the entire nation. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $