Unit 5 China and the World 定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语仁爱科普版九年级下册

Unit 5 China and the World 定语从句 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 16 题型一 语法选择 16 题型二 语法填空 16 　 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 注意　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，且定语从句中的谓语动词须与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。如：I’m looking for the dictionary (that/which) you lent me last week. 我正在找你上周借给我的那本词典。 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 一、单词拼写 1．The girl hair is long is my classmate. 2．The student answered the question is Tom. 3．If you get into legal trouble, it’s wise to ask for advice from a as soon as possible. (law) 4．No (science) studies have shown that eating wild animals is good for our health. 5．Our teacher is a great and always helps us with our schoolwork. (lead) 6．The children e (期待) to visit the science museum next week. 7．You can’t e (预计) to achieve the goal in a few months. 8．A (high) trained guide dog can be a great helper to the blind. 9．The students love the teacher who (make) his lessons fun. 10．Reading is a way for a person to get knowledge and become much w . 11． For those are interested, the school provides twelve 90-minute classes at a cost of 500 yuan. 12．Finishing the marathon gave me a strong sense of (achieve). 13．The d by Franklin that lightning (闪电) is electricity once shocked the whole world. 14．Nowadays, many young people in China go abroad for (far) education. 15．Mr. Zhang (毕业) from Beijing University in 1985. 二、完成句子 1．志愿者是工作不求回报的人。 A volunteer is a person without being paid for it. 2．在周末我要么去看电影要么去购物。 On the weekend, I go to movies go shopping. 3．他既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。（完成译句） He can sing dance. 4．春节期间，张艺谋导演的电影《第二十条》受到了观众的高度赞扬。 The film, Article 20, directed by Zhang Yimou the audience during the Spring Festival. 5．我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。 I prefer singers their own music. 6．我们应该带着善意与温暖对待别人，在所到之处，都传播爱与快乐。 We should treat others , spreading love and joy everywhere we go. 7．朋友之间相互信任是非常重要的。 very for friends each other. 8．Tom认为他是唯一的一个能完成这个任务的男孩。 Tom thinks he is boy finish the task. 9．他是昨天在树下休息的那个人。 He is the man under the tree yesterday. 10．对此活动感兴趣的师生都可以参加。 Teachers and students the activity can join in. 三、单项选择 1．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 2．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 3．I will never forget those ________ have helped me along the way. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 4．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 5．The coach punished those _______ were late for the training by making them run around the sports field. A．which B．who C．what 6．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 7．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 8．Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. A．what B．who C．whom D．which 9．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 10．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．what B．whose C．it D．which 11．Dare to Grow up is a new documentary ________ follows three students for eight years, from their first day of high school to their graduation from college. A．which B．where C．who 12．The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 13．Most people are familiar with William Shakespeare ________ is a famous playwright. A．when B．which C．who D．where 14．—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 15．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my best friend. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 16．We all like the English song ________ is named “God is a girl”. A．it B．that C．what D．who 17．—Do you know the man ________ is cooking in the kitchen? —Sure. He is my brother. A．who B．which C．whose 18．—What do you think of the new teacher ________ came to teach you English last week? —She is so kind and warm-hearted and she teaches very well. A．who B．whom C．which 19．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．who B．whom C．what D．whose 20．This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever watched. A．who B．which C．that D．where 21．China is a country ________ owns the most Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产)。 A．where B．which C．who 22．Huang Xuhua, a great person ________ built China’s first nuclear submarine (核潜艇) passed away at the age of 99. A．what B．who C．when D．which 23．The movie ________we watched last night was really inspiring. A．who B．when C．where D．which 24．— Do you know Sun Yingsha? — Of course, She is a wonderful player ________ plays ping pong best in China. A．whose B．who C．which D．where 25．—Have you found the information about the famous people ________ you can use for the report? —Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A．who B．whom C．which 题型一 语法选择 Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. It took 3 only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1．A．hardly B．harder C．hard 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．her B．hers C．herself 4．A．find B．to find C．finding 5．A．good B．better C．best 6．A．is held B．hold C．was held 7．A．who B．whom C．whose 8．A．In B．On C．At 9．A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10．A．woman B．women C．woman’s 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 In November, 2022, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that,she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the 1 (young) professor at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. Later, she 2 (choose) as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her announcement 3 (spread) like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign (辞职) from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. She called her return to China her 4 (three) dream. Yan Ning hopes 5 (offer) what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make 6 (true) great breakthroughs (突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there. In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have returned home, thanks to China’s efforts in 7 (encourage) innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase from the year before. There are also many top scientists 8 have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries. We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 China and the World 定语从句 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 16 题型一 语法选择 16 题型二 语法填空 16 　 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 注意　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，且定语从句中的谓语动词须与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。如：I’m looking for the dictionary (that/which) you lent me last week. 我正在找你上周借给我的那本词典。 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况（不要求掌握） 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 一、单词拼写 1．The girl hair is long is my classmate. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那个长头发的女孩是我的同学。分析句子结构，此句是定语从句。先行词The girl与hair是所属关系，在这个限制性定语从句中，用关系代词whose修饰hair。故填whose。 2．The student answered the question is Tom. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意： 回答问题的学生是汤姆。句子是定语从句，先行词“student”指人，在从句中作“answered”的主语，“who”和“that”都可指人且作主语，故填who/that。 3．If you get into legal trouble, it’s wise to ask for advice from a as soon as possible. (law) 【答案】lawyer 【详解】句意：如果你陷入法律纠纷，尽快向律师寻求建议是明智的。分析题干和提示词可知，此处表示“向律师寻求建议”，名词lawyer意为“律师”，a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填lawyer。 4．No (science) studies have shown that eating wild animals is good for our health. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：没有科学研究表明吃野生动物对我们的健康有好处。此处修饰名词“studies”，填形容词scientific“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。 5．Our teacher is a great and always helps us with our schoolwork. (lead) 【答案】leader 【详解】句意：我们的老师是一个很好的领导者，总是在功课上帮助我们。根据“Our teacher is a great...”及提示词可知，这里指老师是一个很好的领导者，lead的名词为leader，意为“领导者”，不定冠词a后跟名词单数，故填leader。 6．The children e (期待) to visit the science museum next week. 【答案】(e)xpect 【详解】句意：孩子们期待下周参观科学博物馆。expect“期待”，“期待”是现在的事情，应用一般现在时， 主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(e)xpect。 7．You can’t e (预计) to achieve the goal in a few months. 【答案】(e)xpect 【详解】句意：你不能指望在几个月内实现目标。expect“预计”，can’t是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填(e)xpect。 8．A (high) trained guide dog can be a great helper to the blind. 【答案】highly 【详解】句意：一只训练有素的导盲犬可以成为盲人的好帮手。空后的trained是动词，这里用副词修饰，high的副词为highly。故填highly。 9．The students love the teacher who (make) his lessons fun. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意：学生们喜欢使他们的课有趣的老师。who引导的定语从句修饰teacher，teacher是第三人称单数，所以make要用makes。故填makes。 10．Reading is a way for a person to get knowledge and become much w . 【答案】(w)iser 【详解】句意：阅读是一个人获得知识和变得更聪明的一种方式。根据“Reading is a way for a person to get knowledge and become much ...”和首字母可知，阅读可以使人变得聪明，“聪明的”wise，much后加比较级wiser。故填(w)iser。 11． For those are interested, the school provides twelve 90-minute classes at a cost of 500 yuan. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：对于那些感兴趣的人，学校提供十二节时长为90分钟的课程，费用为500元。根据“For those…are interested”可知, 本句为定语从句，先行词those指人，关系代词用who。故填who。 12．Finishing the marathon gave me a strong sense of (achieve). 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：完成马拉松给我一种强烈的成就感。根据“a strong sense of...”可知，空处指“一种强烈的成就感”，空处需名词。achieve“完成”为动词，其名词为achievement“成就”。故填achievement。 13．The d by Franklin that lightning (闪电) is electricity once shocked the whole world. 【答案】(d)iscovery 【详解】句意：富兰克林的发现“闪电就是电”曾震惊世界。根据“by Franklin that lightning (闪电) is electricity once shocked the whole world.”及首字母可知，这里指的是名词discovery“发现”，此处应用单数形式，故填(d)iscovery。 14．Nowadays, many young people in China go abroad for (far) education. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：如今，很多中国年轻人出国深造。根据“go abroad for ... education”可知，此处指出国接受更进一步的教育，far为形容词，表达进一步时，应用比较级形式farther或further，farther指距离更远，further指更深层次的。education意为“教育”，为抽象名词，应用further修饰。further education表示“深造”。故填further。 15．Mr. Zhang (毕业) from Beijing University in 1985. 【答案】graduated 【详解】句意：张先生1985年毕业于北京大学。“毕业”graduate，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，graduate的过去式是graduated。故填graduated。 二、完成句子 1．志愿者是工作不求回报的人。 A volunteer is a person without being paid for it. 【答案】who works 【详解】此句是定语从句，a person是先行词，指人，用who引导，work表示“工作”，描述事实，用一般现在时，先行词是单数，work用三单形式。故填who works。 2．在周末我要么去看电影要么去购物。 On the weekend, I go to movies go shopping. 【答案】 either or 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“要么……要么……”对应的英文either...or...。故填either；or。 3．他既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。（完成译句） He can sing dance. 【答案】 neither nor 【详解】分析可知，此处应用neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。故填neither；nor。 4．春节期间，张艺谋导演的电影《第二十条》受到了观众的高度赞扬。 The film, Article 20, directed by Zhang Yimou the audience during the Spring Festival. 【答案】was highly praised by 【详解】be highly praised by“受到……的高度赞扬”，根据“during the Spring Festival.”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语The film是三单，be用was。故填was highly praised by。 5．我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。 I prefer singers their own music. 【答案】 that/who write 【详解】根据“I prefer singers ... their own music.”可知，此句为定语从句，先行词“singers”指人，关系词应用that/who，在从句中作主语；write“谱写（音乐作品）”，动词；从句主语“singers”为名词复数，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形。故填that/who；write。 6．我们应该带着善意与温暖对待别人，在所到之处，都传播爱与快乐。 We should treat others , spreading love and joy everywhere we go. 【答案】with kindness and warmth 【详解】带着：with；善意和温暖：kindness and warmth。故填with kindness and warmth。 7．朋友之间相互信任是非常重要的。 very for friends each other. 【答案】 It’s important to trust 【详解】It’s adj. for sb. to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语；important“重要的”；trust作动词，意为“信任”，在句中应用动词不定式形式。故填It’s；important；to；trust。 8．Tom认为他是唯一的一个能完成这个任务的男孩。 Tom thinks he is boy finish the task. 【答案】 the only who can 【详解】only表示“唯一的”，此处的“boy”属于特指，所以前面要加定冠词the；根据中英文可知，此处“Tom thinks he is…boy”后为定语从句，先行词为boy，应使用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；can表示“能，能够”，接动词原形。故填the；only；who；can。 9．他是昨天在树下休息的那个人。 He is the man under the tree yesterday. 【答案】 who/that took/had a rest/break 【详解】分析题干可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是the man，指人，在句中作主语，所以关系词用who/that，“休息”have/take a rest/break，由yesterday可知，从句时态是一般过去时，所以谓语动词用过去式，故填who/that；took/had；a；rest/break。 10．对此活动感兴趣的师生都可以参加。 Teachers and students the activity can join in. 【答案】 who/that are interested in 【详解】根据句意可知用一般现在时，此处要表示“对此活动感兴趣的师生”，主语后用定语从句，“对……感兴趣”be interested in，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导定语从句，结合“Teachers and students”可知从句中be动词用are。故填who/that；are；interested；in。 三、单项选择 1．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：但冰雕不只是厨师的专长！如今有许多艺术家，他们用冰创作雕塑，只是因为他们热爱这件事。考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在从句中作主语/宾语；whose表所属关系，后接名词；which指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语；how不引导定语从句。先行词是artists，表示人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 2．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么愉快的扬州之行！——是的，我永远不会忘记我在这里参观过的朋友和名胜。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... I visited here”是定语从句，先行词“the friends and places of interest”是人和物，因此要用that引导定语从句，that可省略。故选D。 3．I will never forget those ________ have helped me along the way. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我将永远不会忘记那些一路上帮助过我的人。 考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；what什么，不引导定语从句；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子为定语从句，先行词those指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导定语从句。故选A。 4．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要在意那些嘲笑你的人。多关注提升自己。 考查定语从句的关系词。who谁，主格；whom谁，宾格；which哪一个；what什么。先行词those指人，在从句中作主语，关系词可用who。故选A。 5．The coach punished those _______ were late for the training by making them run around the sports field. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教练惩罚那些训练迟到的人，让他们在运动场上跑来跑去。 考查定语从句的引导词。which哪一个；who谁；what什么。根据“The coach punished those…were late for the training by making them”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是those，指人，应用who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故选B。 6．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫是一种只能在中国找到的动物。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who指代人；whose表示所属关系；where表示地点；which指代物或动物。根据题干“The panda is a kind of animal ... can be found only in China”可知，空格处需要填入一个关系代词来指代前面的“animal”（动物），且引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此应选用指代物的关系代词“which”。故选D。 7．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意为：站在树下的那位女士是我阿姨。 考查定语从句引导词。who指代人，作主语；whose表示所属关系；which指物；whom在从句中作宾语。先行词“The woman”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。 8．Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. A．what B．who C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：对不起，我们没有你要的外套。 考查定语从句。what什么（不用于定语从句）；who代指人，作主宾；whom代指人，作宾；which代指物，作主宾。根据先行词“the coat”可知，是物，在从句中作“need”的宾语，所以此处是用“which”，故选D。 9．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他出生的那个村庄。 考查where引导限制性定语从句。这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the village”表示地点，应该用关系副词“where”，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D。 10．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．what B．whose C．it D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你借给我的那本书很有趣。 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... you lent me”是定语从句，先行词是The book，在定语从句中作宾语，以物作宾语选择关系代词which/that/省略。故选D。 11．Dare to Grow up is a new documentary ________ follows three students for eight years, from their first day of high school to their graduation from college. A．which B．where C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《勇敢成长》是一部新纪录片，它跟踪拍摄了三名学生八年时间，从他们高中第一天到大学毕业。考查定语从句引导词。which指物，可作主语或宾语；where指地点，作状语；who指人，作主语或宾语。根据“Dare to Grow up is a new documentary…follows three students for eight years, from their first day of high school to their graduation from college.”可知，先行词documentary指物，且在从句中作主语。此处需用指物且作主语的引导词，which符合语境。故选A。 12．The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们昨天参观的博物馆已有100年的历史。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，先行词museum指物，空处作visited的宾语，所以可以用which或that引导定语从句。故选C。 13．Most people are familiar with William Shakespeare ________ is a famous playwright. A．when B．which C．who D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都熟悉著名剧作家威廉·莎士比亚。 考查定语从句。when何时；which哪一个；who谁；where在哪里。分析句子结构和选项可知，应填关系代词who，代替先行词William Shakespeare，在定语从句中作主语，指人。故选C。 14．—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的东西。 考查定语从句引导词。what什么；which哪一个；who谁。根据“I like the ones…make me feel happy and relaxed.”可知，空处应用引导词引导定语从句，先行词为“the ones”，代指movies，指物，并且从句中缺少主语。故选B。 15．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my best friend. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个穿着红裙子的女孩是我的好朋友。 考查定语从句。who先行词是人，定语从句中作主语或宾语；which先行词是物，定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom先行词是人，定语从句中作宾语；whose先行词是人，在句中作定语。句子是定语从句，先行词是the girl，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。 16．We all like the English song ________ is named “God is a girl”. A．it B．that C．what D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都很喜欢那首名为《上帝是个女孩》的英文歌曲。 考查定语从句。it它；that引导定语从句时无实义，先行词是人/物；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，引导定语从句时，先行词是人。此句是定语从句，先行词是the English song，指物，应用that引导。故选B。 17．—Do you know the man ________ is cooking in the kitchen? —Sure. He is my brother. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识正在厨房做饭的那个男人吗？——当然。他是我哥哥。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人，作主语或宾语；which指物，作主语或宾语；whose指人或物，作定语。根据“Do you know the man…is cooking in the kitchen?”可知，这里是定语从句，先行词是the man，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语。此处先行词指人且作主语，应用who。故选A。 18．—What do you think of the new teacher ________ came to teach you English last week? —She is so kind and warm-hearted and she teaches very well. A．who B．whom C．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得上周来教你英语的那位新老师怎么样？——她是如此的善良和热心，而且她教得很好。考查定语从句。who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此处先行词new teacher指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用who。故选A。 19．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．who B．whom C．what D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杜甫是一位深受世界各地许多人喜爱的中国诗人。 考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“a Chinese poet”可知先行词指人，且关系词在从句“has become popular with many people around the world”中作主语，所以用who。故选A。 20．This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever watched. A．who B．which C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最令人兴奋的足球比赛之一。 考查定语从句关系词。who谁；which哪一个；that那；where哪里。先行词“football games”指物，且被最高级“the most exciting”修饰，在定语从句中作宾语，关系词应用that。故选C。 21．China is a country ________ owns the most Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产)。 A．where B．which C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国是一个拥有最多非物质文化遗产的国家。 考查which引导的定语从句。where先行词是地名；which先行词指物；who先行词指人。根据“a country”可知先行词指物，后接which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰名词a country。故选B。 22．Huang Xuhua, a great person ________ built China’s first nuclear submarine (核潜艇) passed away at the age of 99. A．what B．who C．when D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：黄旭华，一位建造了中国第一艘核潜艇的伟大人物，于99岁高龄去世。 考查定语从句。what不引导定语从句；who用于先行词是人时，在从句中作主语或宾语；when用于先行词是时间时，在从句中作状语；which用于先行词是物时，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词a great person指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用who引导定语从句。故选B。 23．The movie ________we watched last night was really inspiring. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们昨晚看的电影真是鼓舞人心。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词movie在定语从句中作宾语，指物，所以关系代词用that或者which或者省略，故选D。 24．— Do you know Sun Yingsha? — Of course, She is a wonderful player ________ plays ping pong best in China. A．whose B．who C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道孙颖莎吗？——当然，她是一名出色的乒乓球运动员，在中国打得最好。 考查定语从句。whose谁的，所修饰的先行词可为人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who谁，所修饰的先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语；which所修饰的先行词为人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where哪里，所修饰的先行词表示地点，在定语从句中作状语。句中先行词为“a wonderful player”，表示人，且连接词在从句中需作主语，因此此处用who引导定语从句。故选B。 25．—Have you found the information about the famous people ________ you can use for the report? —Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A．who B．whom C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你找到可以用来写报告的名人信息了吗？——还没有。我会在网上搜索一些。 考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；本句先行词“information”是物，在定语从句中作动词“use”的宾语，故用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。故选C。 题型一 语法选择 Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. It took 3 only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1．A．hardly B．harder C．hard 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．her B．hers C．herself 4．A．find B．to find C．finding 5．A．good B．better C．best 6．A．is held B．hold C．was held 7．A．who B．whom C．whose 8．A．In B．On C．At 9．A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10．A．woman B．women C．woman’s 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了胡海岚的求学经历、科研成就及获得的荣誉，展现了中国女性科学家的国际影响力。 1．句意：在校期间，她刻苦学习课本知识。 hardly几乎不；harder更努力；hard努力地。根据“studied textbook knowledge”可知需用副词修饰动词，hard符合语境。故选C。 2．句意：1996年，胡海岚以优异成绩毕业后收到伯克利大学的邀请。 a一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素前；an一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素前；the那个，定冠词，特指。根据“invitation”可知，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词，invitation以元音音素开头，需用an。故选B。 3．句意：她仅用六年就获得了硕士和博士学位。 her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己。此处修饰“degrees”需用形容词性物主代词。故选A。 4．句意：她热爱科学，竭尽全力找出抑郁症的真正成因。 find动词原形；to find不定式；finding动名词。try one’s best to do为固定搭配。故选B。 5．句意：她所做的一切是为了让抑郁症患者拥有更好的生活。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“everything she does is to give people with depression a ... life”可知，此处表示比较级“改善生活”。故选B。 6．句意：该奖项每年表彰五位杰出女性科学家。 is held一般现在时被动语态；hold一般现在时主动语态；was held一般过去时被动语态。描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为单数。故选A。 7．句意：有趣的是，胡是去年获奖者中最年轻的女性。 who引导定语从句指人；whom宾格；whose所有格。从句修饰woman，需用主格who作主语。故选A。 8．句意：与此同时，她是该奖项第七位中国获奖者。 In在……内；On在……上；At在……时。at the same time为固定搭配。故选C。 9．句意：尽管已获众多奖项，她仍坚持帮助抑郁症患者。 keep动词原形；keeps第三人称单数；kept过去式。时态为一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语需用keeps。故选B。 10．句意：我们看到中国女性科学家正展现其国际影响力。 woman单数；women复数；woman’s所有格。scientists为复数，需用women修饰。故选B。 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 In November, 2022, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that,she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the 1 (young) professor at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. Later, she 2 (choose) as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her announcement 3 (spread) like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign (辞职) from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. She called her return to China her 4 (three) dream. Yan Ning hopes 5 (offer) what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make 6 (true) great breakthroughs (突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there. In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have returned home, thanks to China’s efforts in 7 (encourage) innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase from the year before. There are also many top scientists 8 have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries. We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success. 【答案】 1．youngest 2．was chosen 3．spread 4．third 5．to offer 6．truly 7．encouraging 8．who/that 【导语】本文讲述了科学家颜宁以及近年来，由于中国鼓励创新的努力，越来越多的中国科学家选择回国。 1．句意：2007年回国，成为清华大学最年轻的教授。根据定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填youngest。 2．句意：后来，她被选为美国国家科学院的外籍院士和美国艺术与科学院的外籍院士。主语she和动词choose之间是被动关系，句子是一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是三单，be动词用was。故填was chosen。 3．句意：她的声明不胫而走，引起了广泛关注。spread“传播”，动词。在英语中，人们一般使用主动语态来表达传播的概念，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式spread。故填spread。 4．句意：她称回到中国是她的第三个梦想。空后是单数名词，应用three的序数词third，故填third。 5．句意：严宁希望提供她这些年学到的东西。hope to do sth“希望做某事”，为固定短语。故填to offer。 6．句意：她想帮助和支持更多的年轻人，并取得真正的重大突破。true是形容词，此处修饰形容词great，应用副词truly。故填truly。 7．句意：近年来，由于中国鼓励创新的努力，越来越多的中国科学家回国了。encourage是动词，空前有介词in，应用动名词作宾语。故填encouraging。 8．句意：还有许多顶尖的科学家从英国、日本和其他国家回到中国。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是人，关系词作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who/that。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $