Unit 5 China and the World（重难词汇精练）英语仁爱科普版九年级下册

Unit 5 China and the World 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词： 1. height n. 高度；身高 * in height高度，在高度上 * at the height of his life 在他人生的巅峰时期 *(be) of medium height中等身高 2. stone n. 石头；岩石；石料 3.enemy n.敌人；反对者 4. treasure n.珍宝；财富；珍贵之物 5. pioneer n. 先锋；拓荒者 6. coast n. 海岸；海滨 7. birth n. 出生 * give birth to a second child/baby生二胎 8. university n. 大学 * go to university 上大学 9. Pacific n. 太平洋 *the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 10. degree n. （大学）学位；度 *to some degree 在某种程度上 11. youth n. 年轻人；青年 12. firework n.焰火；烟花 13. president n.总统，国家主席 14. prize n. 奖，奖励，奖品 15.duty n.职责；责任；义务 16.lawyer n.律师 17. ton n. 吨 * tons of waste/garbage/rubbish成吨的垃圾 18. tool n. 工具 19. wolfn. 狼(pl.wolves) 20. guard v.保卫；守卫；看守 21. remain v. 剩余；遗留；仍然是 22. separate v.（使）分开，分离 23. suppose v. 假定；假设；推断 * be supposed to get physical exercise 应该进行体育锻炼 24. shootv.开（枪或其他武器）；射击 25. fix v. 修理；安装 *fix(up)my bike/bicycle修理我的自行车 26. private adj. 私有的；私密的；私人的 * in private私下地；秘密地 27. forever adv. 永远 28. influence v.& n. 影响 * have an influence on her life 对她的生活有影响 29. graduate v. 毕业；获得学位 n.毕业生 30. trust v.&n. 相信；信任；信赖 * trust in love and peace相信爱与和平 31. neither pron. 两者都不 adv.也不 短语： 1.位于lie in　 2.因……而著名 be famous for ...　 3.去世；消失 pass away　 4.创立，创建；设置 set up　 5.结束 come to an end　 6.主管；掌管；负责 in charge of　 7.在某人三十多岁时 in one’s thirties　 8.死于…… die of/from ...　 9.既不……也不……neither ... nor ...　 10.爆发 break out　 11.丢弃，摆脱，扔掉 get rid of　 12.释放；解放 set free　 13.拆开，解散；粉碎break up　 14.嘲笑，取笑，拿……开玩笑 make fun of　 15.国内外home and abroad　 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.enemy（n.）→　enemies　（pl.）敌人 2.hang（v.）→　hung　（过去式/过去分词） →　hanging　（现在分词）悬挂；垂下 ★　hang out　闲逛；常去某处 3.introduce（v.）→introduction（n.）介绍；引言 ★　introduce ... to ...　把……介绍给…… 4.remain（v.）→remaining（adj.）遗留的；剩余的 5.include（v.）→　including　（prep.）包括 6.lead（v.） →　led　（过去式/过去分词）率领，领导；引领；导致；指挥 →　leader　（n.）领导者，领袖 ★　lead to　导致 7.wise（adj.）→　wisely　（adv.）明智地；聪明地 →　wisdom　（n.）智慧；才智 8.trade（v. & n.）→　trader　（n.）商人 9.complete（adj. & v.） →　completely　（adv.）彻底地；完全地 10.responsible（adj.）→　responsibility　（n.）责任；义务 11.young（adj.）→youth（n.）青年，年轻人；青春 12.wolf（n.）→wolves（pl.）狼 13.shoot（v.）→　shot　→　shot　射击 14.law（n.）→　lawyer　（n.）律师 词汇语境练-句子 二、单项选择 1．—I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Milk is OK. A．Both B．Neither C．All D．Either 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想点些喝的。你想要什么，咖啡还是茶？——都不要。牛奶就行。考查代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；all全都；either两者之一。根据“What would you like, coffee or tea?”以及“Milk is OK.”可知咖啡和茶都不要，neither符合。故选B。 2．—Do you believe what Jim said about the accident? —No, not at all. But I’m sure I will ________ know the truth of it. A．gradually B．normally C．nearly D．mostly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你相信吉姆关于事故的说法吗？——不，一点也不。但我相信我会逐渐了解它的真相。 考查副词辨析。gradually逐渐地；normally正常地；nearly几乎；mostly主要地。根据“But I’m sure I will...know the truth of it.”可知，会逐渐了解真相。故选A。 3．Both players have been warned, but of them seems to take it seriously. A．none B．all C．every D．neither 【答案】D 【详解】句意：两名选手都受到了警告，但他们两人似乎都没把这当回事。考查代词辨析。none没有一个，用于三者及三者以上；all全部，用于三者及三者以上；every每一个，常修饰单数名词；neither都不，用于两者范围。根据“but”可知，此处两人没把警告当回事，因此neither“都不”符合语境。故选D。 4．Chinese chess has a history of more than 2,000 years. Today it still interests ________ the young ________ the old. A．both; and B．either; or C．not; but D．neither; nor 【答案】A 【详解】句意：中国象棋有2000多年的历史，至今仍令老年人和年轻人都很感兴趣。 考查连词的用法。both…and…两者都；either…or…要么……要么……；not…but…不是……而是……；neither…nor…既不是……也不是……。根据“it still interests…the young…the old”可知，年轻人和老年人都喜爱中国象棋，此处表示两者都，故选A。 5．—Can you feel the great________ of the computer? —Sure. The computer has changed the way we live. A．introduction B．process C．influence D．course 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 你能感受到计算机的巨大影响吗？—— 当然。计算机改变了我们的生活方式。 考查名词辨析。introduction  介绍；process 过程；influence 影响；course 课程 。根据 “The computer has changed the  way we live.” 可知说的是计算机带来的影响，用 influence 符合语境，故选 C。 6．In the future, more foreign tourists ________ to experience the visa-free entry policy in China. A．were attracted B．are attracted C．will be attracted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在未来，将会有更多的外国游客被吸引来体验中国的免签政策。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the future”可知，此处用一般将来时态；主语“foreign tourists”和“attract”之间是被动关系，即“外国游客被吸引”，所以应该用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will be + 过去分词”。故选C。 7．Su Song is famous for his great ________ in inventing the Water Transport Observatory (水运仪象台). A．achievement B．treatment C．agreement 【答案】A 【详解】句意：苏颂因在发明水运仪象台方面的伟大成就而闻名。考查名词辨析。achievement成就；treatment治疗；agreement协议。根据句意，发明水运仪象台是一项重大“成就”。故选A。 8．Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful to ________ fish. A．suppose B．suggest C．support 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于污染，这个湖现在对鱼类的生存危害太大。    考查动词词义辨析。suppose假设；suggest建议；support维持（生命）。根据“too harmful to...fish”可知，污染导致湖水无法维持鱼类生存，故选C。 9．—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely. —I think it’s very useful in our life. A．which B．whom C．where D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——微信是一项能帮助人们自由地分享照片、想法和感受的发明。——我认为它在我们生活中非常有用。考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个，指代物；whom谁，指代人，在从句中作宾语；where哪里，在从句中作地点状语；whose谁的，指代人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“an invention（一项发明）”，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应该用which来引导这个定语从句。故选A。 10．—What do you think of the NBA basketball match last night? —It was________. I really enjoyed it. A．boring B．wonderful C．strange D．terrible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得昨天晚上的NBA篮球赛怎么样？——它很精彩。我真的很喜欢。 考查形容词辨析。boring无聊的；wonderful精彩的；strange奇怪的；terrible糟糕的，可怕的。根据“I really enjoyed it.”可知，比赛应该很精彩。故选 B。 11．—Have you watched the TV program Voice (《开讲啦》)? —Of course! It’s popular with ________ the young ________ the old. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not; but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过电视节目《开讲啦》吗？——当然！它既受年轻人又受老年人欢迎。考查并列连词辨析。either...or...或者……或者；neither...nor...既不……也不；both...and...两者都； not...but...不是……而是。根据“It’s popular with...the young...the old.”可知，此处指年轻人和老人都喜欢这个节目。故选C。 12．He is a shy man, ________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A．so B．as C．but D．nor 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。考查连词。so因此；as因为；but但是；nor也没有。根据“he is not afraid of anything or anyone.”可知，后句发生了转折，but符合语境。故选C。 13．When you have to stay outside for a night, you’d better________ a tent to keep you safer. A．set out B．set off C．set up D．set down 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你必须在外面过夜时，最好搭个帐篷以保证安全。 考查动词短语辨析。set out出发；set off出发，引爆；set up建立，搭建；set down放下。根据“a tent”可知，此处表示“搭帐篷”，应使用“set up”。故选C。 14．Superstars should pay more attention to their behavior because what they do can have a great ________ on teenagers. A．change B．surprise C．dream D．influence 【答案】D 【详解】句意：超级明星应当更加注重自己的行为举止，因为他们的所作所为会对青少年产生重大影响。 考查名词辨析。change变化；surprise惊喜；dream梦想；influence影响。根据“Superstars should pay more attention to their behavior”可知，要注意他们自己的行为，因为这些行为会对青少年产生影响。故选D。 15．— The left one makes me look thin but the color of the right one suits me better. — I suggest you taking ________ of them. They really bring out your beauty. A．none B．neither C．both D．all 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——左边的衣服让我看起来瘦，但右边的颜色更适合我。——我建议你两个都拿。它们真的能衬托出你的美。考查不定代词。none没有一个；neither两者都不；both两者都；all三者及以上都。根据“The left one makes me look thin but the color of the right one suits me better.”及“They really bring out your beauty.”可知，左边和右边的衣服都挺好，故建议两个都要。故选C。 16．—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. Can we make some Zongzi this Saturday or this Sunday? —________ day is OK for me. I’m available this weekend. A．Both B．Neither C．Either D．All 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——端午节快到了。我们这周六或者这周日包些粽子好吗？——这两天中任意一天对我来说都可以。我这个周末有空。 考查不定代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；either两者中任意一个；all三者及以上都。根据“this Saturday or this Sunday”可知是两者之间选择，又根据“I’m available this weekend”可知说话人周末有空，两天中任何一天都行，either符合语境。故选C。 17．The success of the film Ne Zha 2 ________ a great increase in sales of related (相关的) products. A．sets up B．leads to C．deals with D．carries out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒2》的成功导致相关产品销量的巨大增长。考查动词短语辨析。set up建立；lead to导致；deal with处理；carry out实施。根据“a great increase in sales of related (相关的) products.”可知，电影《哪吒2》的成功导致相关产品销量的巨大增长。故选B。 18．As the weather gets hotter and hotter, fresh fruit rich in Vitamin C is ________ recommended. A．nearly B．closely C．highly D．rapidly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着天气变得越来越热，高度推荐摄入富含维生素C的新鲜水果。考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；closely紧密地；highly高度地；rapidly迅速地。根据“fresh fruit rich in Vitamin C is…recommended.”可知，富含维生素C的新鲜水果得到高度的推荐，highly recommend“高度推荐”。故选C。 19．More attention is paid to the green ________ in many villages in Zhenjiang and the government plans to plant more trees. A．development B．treatment C．achievement D．instrument 【答案】A 【详解】句意：镇江许多村庄更加重视绿色发展，政府计划种植更多的树木。考查名词辨析。development发展；treatment治疗；achievement成就；instrument器械。根据“the government plans to plant more trees”可知，此处指政府和村庄重视绿色发展，green development“绿色发展”。故选A。 20．Make a second, smaller ball and put it ________ top of the first one. A．in B．on C．above D．below 【答案】B 【详解】句意：制作第二个更小的球，并把它放在第一个球的上面。考查介词短语。in表示“在……里面”；on表示“在……上面（接触表面）”；above表示“在……上方（不接触）”；below表示 “在……下方”。on top of是固定短语，意为“在……顶部”，符合把小球放在大球接触式顶部的语境。故选B。 三、根据汉语提示填空 1．How many starter (单元) are there in this book? 【答案】units 【详解】句意：这本书里有多少个起始单元？结合汉语提示“单元”以及前面的“How many”可知，此处应用名词unit的复数形式 units。故填units。 2．It is a (完全的) waste of time to watch short videos mindlessly. 【答案】complete 【详解】句意：盲目地看短视频完全是浪费时间。complete“完全的”，形容词修饰名词waste。故填complete。 3．The door (隔开) the warm living room from the cold snowy yard outside. 【答案】separates 【详解】句意：门将温暖的客厅与外面寒冷多雪的院子隔开。separate“使隔离，使隔绝”，动词，此处句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“The door”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填separates。 4．She refused to let her (仇人) see how much their words hurt her. 【答案】enemies 【详解】句意：她拒绝让她的仇人看到他们的话对她造成了多大的伤害。根据“She refused to let her...see how much their words hurt her.”以及汉语提示可知，此处需要填入一个表示“仇人”的名词。enemy“仇人；敌人”，可数名词，由“their words”可知，此处表示复数。故填enemies。   5．The new study shows that music can (影响) people’s moods, making them feel relaxed or energetic. 【答案】influence 【详解】句意：新的研究表明，音乐可以影响人们的情绪，使他们感到放松或精力充沛。根据空格前“can”是情态动词，后跟动词原形，结合中文提示可知，此处应该填入influence，动词原形，意为“影响”符合句意。故填influence。 6．Astronauts collected Moon rocks to take back to the Earth for (进一步) research. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：宇航员们收集了月球岩石带回地球做进一步的研究。further“进一步的”，为形容词，作定语修饰后面的名词“research”。故填further。 7．The (太平洋) coast is known for its beautiful beaches. 【答案】Pacific 【详解】句意：太平洋海岸以其美丽的海滩而闻名。Pacific“太平洋，太平洋的”，专有名词。故填Pacific。 8．The (发现) of the site of Sanxingdui excited many people across China. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：三星堆遗址的发现让全中国许多人感到兴奋。discovery“发现”，名词作主语。故填discovery。 9．First of all, you should learn how to (防范) against any possible danger. 【答案】guard 【详解】 句意：首先，你应该学习如何防范任何可能的危险。根据汉语提示“防范”可知，此处考查固定短语“guard against”，意为“防范；防止”，符合语境。故填guard。 10．For a (明智的) man, a mistake is a lesson. 【答案】wise 【详解】句意：对智者来说，错误就是教训。wise“明智的”，形容词。故填wise。 11．Foreigners all think (高度地) of the beauty of Beijing Opera. 【答案】highly 【详解】句意：外国人都高度评价京剧的美。根据“think...of”可知，横线处需填副词，高度地“highly”，副词，think highly of为固定短语，意为“高度评价”。故填highly。 12．One of the greatest (成就) of AI is its ability to process a great deal of data (数据) quickly. 【答案】achievements 【详解】句意：人工智能最伟大的成就之一是其快速处理大量数据的能力。achievement“成就”，可数名词；“one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……的之一”，因此用复数形式achievements。故填achievements。 13．The children don’t know how to (表达) themselves clearly. 【答案】express 【详解】句意：孩子们不知道如何清楚地表达自己。express“表达”，动词；空前为不定式符号to，空处应用动词原形。故填express。 14．The chief engineer is considered to be the (先锋) in the field of AI. 【答案】pioneer 【详解】句意：这位总工程师被认为是人工智能领域的先锋。根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处考查pioneer“先锋，先驱，开拓者”，名词，此处应用名词单词形式。故填pioneer。 15．Lenka is an (澳大利亚) singer. Her song Trouble Is a Friend is very well-known. 【答案】Australian 【详解】句意：Lenka是一位澳大利亚歌手。她的歌曲《麻烦是朋友》非常有名。根据空格后的名词singer可知，设空处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词，Australian意为“澳大利亚的”，符合语境。故填Australian。 16．I heard a (奇怪的) noise outside my window, so I turned on the light to check. 【答案】strange 【详解】句意：我听到窗外有一个奇怪的声音，于是我打开灯检查。strange“奇怪的”，形容词。故填strange。 17．A soccer club will be in our school next week. (建立) 【答案】set up 【详解】句意：下周我们学校将成立一个足球俱乐部。set up，动词短语，意为“建立”；又根据空格前“will be”可知，该句时态为一般将来时，主语与set up之间构成被动关系，所以此处考查一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be+过去分词，set的过去分词形式是set。故填set up。 18．A good relationship is based on (信任). 【答案】trust 【详解】句意：良好的关系是建立在信任的基础上。trust“信任”，不可数名词。故填trust。 19．Shanghai is a modern city, which is in the (东部) part of China. 【答案】eastern 【详解】句意：上海是一座位于中国东部的现代化的城市。in th eastern part of表示“在……东部”。故填eastern。 20．These beautiful islands (位于) in the south of China. 【答案】lie 【详解】句意：这些美丽的岛屿位于中国南部。lie in“位于”，主语是复数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填lie。 词汇语境练-语篇 四、用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 serve    time    fight    sadly    before    afraid    win    easy    forget    difficulty    nothing Yue Fei was a hero who lived during the Song Dynasty. As a general, he led his army to 1 many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom and tried to take control of its central lands. Yue decided 2 the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. 3 he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great 4 . What exactly do you plan to do?” “ 5 my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not 6 for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo (给……纹身) the words onto her son’s back so that he would not 7 them. His mother asked, “My child, getting a tattoo is very painful. Are you 8 ?” Yue said, “Mother, a little needle (针) is 9 . If I were scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front line?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many 10 . 11 , Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his spirit was passed down to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 【答案】 1．win 2．to fight 3．Before 4．difficulty 5．Serve 6．easy 7．forget 8．afraid 9．nothing 10．times 11．Sadly 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国宋朝英雄岳飞的故事，特别是他母亲在他背上刺字以激励他精忠报国的事迹，展现了岳飞的爱国精神和不畏艰难的决心。 1．句意：作为一名将军，他带领军队赢得了许多战争。根据“Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many…”可知，岳飞在战争中取得了胜利。win意为“赢”，符合语境，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填win。 2．句意：岳飞决定与敌人战斗，以保护他的国家和人民。根据“the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom”可知，金军正在侵略宋朝，因此岳飞需要去战斗。fight意为“战斗”，符合语境。固定搭配decide to do sth，fight应用不定式to fight。故填to fight。 3．句意：在他出发之前，他的母亲问他。根据“…he set out, his mother asked him”，可知母亲的问话发生在他出发的那个时间点之前。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。句首首字母需大写。故填Before。 4．句意：现在国家正面临巨大的困难。根据“the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom and tried to take control of its central lands.”可知，金军与宋国交战。因此，此处国家是面临巨大的困难。difficulty意为“困难”，符合语境。故填difficulty。 5．句意：“我将全心全意为我的国家效力。”岳飞说。根据“…my country with all my heart”以及“Yue decided…the enemy in order to protect his country and the people.”可知，他表达的是为国效力的决心。serve意为“服务，效力”，符合语境。句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头，句首首字母需大写。故填Serve。 6．句意：对岳飞的母亲来说，鼓励她的儿子去做如此危险的事情是不容易的。据“Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous”可知，让儿子身赴险境对母亲来说是艰难的。easy意为“容易的”，not easy即“不容易的”，符合语境。故填easy。 7．句意：她决定把这些字刺在儿子的背上，这样他就不会忘记它们。根据“She decided to tattoo (给……纹身) the words onto her son’s back…”可知，母亲将字刻在岳飞身上是为了让他永远铭记。forget意为“忘记”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填forget。 8．句意：他的母亲问道：“我的孩子，纹身是很痛苦的。你害怕吗？”根据“getting a tattoo is very painful.”可知，纹身是痛苦的，因此她接着询问儿子是否感到害怕。afraid意为“害怕的”，符合语境。故填afraid。 9．句意：母亲，一根小小的针算不了什么。根据“If I were scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front line?”可知，他认为针刺之痛与上战场相比微不足道。nothing意为“没什么，无关紧要的事”，符合语境。故填nothing。 10．句意：牢记这些话，岳飞多次击败了金军。根据“Yue beat the Jin army many…”可知，此处需要一个词来表示击败敌军的次数。time要变成其复数times，意为“次数”，是可数名词，符合语境。故填times。 11．句意：可悲的是，后来因为秦桧的行径，岳飞被皇帝杀害了，但他的精神传承给了后世子孙。根据“Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later…”可知，英雄被害是悲剧。sadly意为“可悲地，不幸地”，用在句首修饰整个句子，符合语境。句首首字母需大写。故填Sadly。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。（每空一词） On February 6th, 2025, an outstanding Chinese scientist left us. Huang Xuhua, known 1 the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines(核潜艇),” 2 (spend) his life making his country stronger. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he saw China’s difficulties when he was young and decided to serve the country through science. In 1958, Huang was 3 (choose) to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. For the next 30 years, he and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country’s first nuclear sub marine. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was built and tested 4 (success). As a result, China became one of the 5 (country) that could make nuclear sub marines. But Huang didn’t stop. Even as an old man, Huang kept 6 (work) to improve submarine technology. At the age of 90, he still went to his office every day. In 2019, he won China’s 7 (high) honor, the Republic Medal, but he gave 8 all his prize money to help students and scientists. Huang Xuhua’s story reminds us that real heroes don’t always seek fame. Like a sub marine hiding beneath (在……下方) the waves, he quietly protected his country for many years. Today, 9 (he) example inspires many people to work hard, love our nation, and turn small dreams into big achievements. As he once said, “The future belongs to young people 10 connect their hearts to China’s growth.” Let’s carry forward his spirit—because every effort, no matter how small, can shape our nation’s destiny. 【答案】 1．as 2．spent 3．chosen 4．successfully 5．countries 6．working 7．highest 8．away 9．his 10．who/that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了中国核潜艇之父黄旭华的生平事迹。 1．句意：黄旭华，被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”，一生致力于让国家更强大。be known as是固定短语，意为“被誉为；被称作”。故填as。 2．句意：黄旭华，被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”，一生致力于让国家更强大。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式spent。故填spent。 3．句意：1958年，黄旭华被选中参与研发中国第一艘核潜艇。主语“Huang”和动词“choose”之间是被动关系，且句子时态是一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +动词的过去分词”，choose的过去分词是chosen。故填chosen。 4． 句意：20世纪70年代，中国第一艘核潜艇建造完成并成功进行了测试。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“tested”，success是名词，其副词形式是successfully，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。 5．句意：因此，中国成为了能够制造核潜艇的国家之一。“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，country是可数名词，其复数形式是countries。故填countries。 6．句意：甚至作为一位老人，黄旭华继续保持工作来提高核潜艇技术。keep doing sth.“保持做某事”。故填working。 7．句意：2019年，他获得了中国的最高荣誉——共和国勋章，但他把奖金捐赠出去，用于帮助学生和科研人员。这里表示最高荣誉，要用high的最高级形式highest，意为“最高的”。故填highest。 8．句意：2019年，他获得了中国的最高荣誉——共和国勋章，但他把奖金捐赠出去，用于帮助学生和科研人员。根据“but gave...his prize money to help students and scientists”可知，黄旭华把奖金捐赠出去，give away是固定短语，意为“捐赠”。故填away。 9．句意：如今，他的榜样激励着许多人努力工作、热爱祖国，并将小小梦想转化为非凡成就。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词example，应用his“他的”。故填his。 10．句意：正如他曾经说过的：“未来属于那些心系祖国发展的年轻人。”此处应用定语从句，先行词是“young people”，指人，应用who/that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 $Unit 5 China and the World 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词： 1. _______________ n. 高度；身高 * _______________ 高度，在高度上 * _______________ 在他人生的巅峰时期 *_______________ 中等身高 2. _______________ n. 石头；岩石；石料 3._______________ n.敌人；反对者 4. _______________ n.珍宝；财富；珍贵之物 5. _______________ n. 先锋；拓荒者 6. _______________ n. 海岸；海滨 7. _______________ n. 出生 * give birth to a second child/baby生二胎 8. _______________ n. 大学 * _______________ 上大学 9. _______________ n. 太平洋 *_______________ 太平洋 10. _______________ n. （大学）学位；度 *_______________ 在某种程度上 11. _______________ n. 年轻人；青年 12. _______________ n.焰火；烟花 13. _______________ n.总统，国家主席 14._______________ n. 奖，奖励，奖品 15._______________ n.职责；责任；义务 16._______________ n.律师 17. _______________ n. 吨 * tons of waste/garbage/rubbish成吨的垃圾 18. _______________ n. 工具 19. _______________ n. 狼(pl.wolves) 20. _______________ v.保卫；守卫；看守 21. _______________ v. 剩余；遗留；仍然是 22. _______________ v.（使）分开，分离 23. _______________ v. 假定；假设；推断 * be supposed to get physical exercise 应该进行体育锻炼 24. _______________ v.开（枪或其他武器）；射击 25. _______________ v. 修理；安装 *fix(up)my bike/bicycle修理我的自行车 26. _______________ adj. 私有的；私密的；私人的 *_______________ 私下地；秘密地 27. _______________ adv. 永远 28. _______________ v.& n. 影响 * have an influence on her life 对她的生活有影响 29. _______________ v. 毕业；获得学位 n.毕业生 30. _______________ v.&n. 相信；信任；信赖 * trust in love and peace相信爱与和平 31. _______________ pron. 两者都不 adv.也不 短语： 1.位于_______________ 　 2.因……而著名_______________ 3.去世；消失 _______________ 　 4.创立，创建；设置 _______________ 5.结束 _______________ 6.主管；掌管；负责 _______________ 7.在某人三十多岁时 _______________ 　 8.死于…… _______________ 　 9.既不……也不……_______________ 10.爆发 _______________ 　 11.丢弃，摆脱，扔掉 _______________ 12.释放；解放_______________ 13.拆开，解散；粉碎_______________ 14.嘲笑，取笑，拿……开玩笑_______________ 15.国内外_______________ 　 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.enemy（n.）→_______________ 　（pl.）敌人 2.hang（v.）→_______________ （过去式/过去分词） →　_______________ （现在分词）悬挂；垂下 ★　_______________ 　闲逛；常去某处 3.introduce（v.）→_____________（n.）介绍；引言 ★_______________ 　把……介绍给…… 4.remain（v.）→__________（adj.）遗留的；剩余的 5.include（v.）→　_______________ （prep.）包括 6.lead（v.） →_______________ （过去式/过去分词）率领，领导；引领；导致；指挥 →_______________ （n.）领导者，领袖 ★_______________ 　导致 7.wise（adj.）→　_____________　（adv.）明智地；聪明地 →_______________ （n.）智慧；才智 8.trade（v. & n.）→_______________（n.）商人 9.complete（adj. & v.） →_______________ （adv.）彻底地；完全地 10.responsible（adj.）→　_______________　（n.）责任；义务 11.young（adj.）→_______________（n.）青年，年轻人；青春 12.wolf（n.）→______________（pl.）狼 13.shoot（v.）→_____________→　_____________射击 14.law（n.）→　_______________ 　（n.）律师 词汇语境练-句子 二、单项选择 1．—I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Milk is OK. A．Both B．Neither C．All D．Either 2．—Do you believe what Jim said about the accident? —No, not at all. But I’m sure I will ________ know the truth of it. A．gradually B．normally C．nearly D．mostly 3．Both players have been warned, but of them seems to take it seriously. A．none B．all C．every D．neither 4．Chinese chess has a history of more than 2,000 years. Today it still interests ________ the young ________ the old. A．both; and B．either; or C．not; but D．neither; nor 5．—Can you feel the great________ of the computer? —Sure. The computer has changed the way we live. A．introduction B．process C．influence D．course 6．In the future, more foreign tourists ________ to experience the visa-free entry policy in China. A．were attracted B．are attracted C．will be attracted 7．Su Song is famous for his great ________ in inventing the Water Transport Observatory (水运仪象台). A．achievement B．treatment C．agreement 8．Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful to ________ fish. A．suppose B．suggest C．support 9．—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely. —I think it’s very useful in our life. A．which B．whom C．where D．whose 10．—What do you think of the NBA basketball match last night? —It was________. I really enjoyed it. A．boring B．wonderful C．strange D．terrible 11．—Have you watched the TV program Voice (《开讲啦》)? —Of course! It’s popular with ________ the young ________ the old. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not; but 12．He is a shy man, ________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A．so B．as C．but D．nor 13．When you have to stay outside for a night, you’d better________ a tent to keep you safer. A．set out B．set off C．set up D．set down 14．Superstars should pay more attention to their behavior because what they do can have a great ________ on teenagers. A．change B．surprise C．dream D．influence 15．— The left one makes me look thin but the color of the right one suits me better. — I suggest you taking ________ of them. They really bring out your beauty. A．none B．neither C．both D．all 16．—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. Can we make some Zongzi this Saturday or this Sunday? —________ day is OK for me. I’m available this weekend. A．Both B．Neither C．Either D．All 17．The success of the film Ne Zha 2 ________ a great increase in sales of related (相关的) products. A．sets up B．leads to C．deals with D．carries out 18．As the weather gets hotter and hotter, fresh fruit rich in Vitamin C is ________ recommended. A．nearly B．closely C．highly D．rapidly 19．More attention is paid to the green ________ in many villages in Zhenjiang and the government plans to plant more trees. A．development B．treatment C．achievement D．instrument 20．Make a second, smaller ball and put it ________ top of the first one. A．in B．on C．above D．below 三、根据汉语提示填空 1．How many starter (单元) are there in this book? 2．It is a (完全的) waste of time to watch short videos mindlessly. 3．The door (隔开) the warm living room from the cold snowy yard outside. 4．She refused to let her (仇人) see how much their words hurt her. 5．The new study shows that music can (影响) people’s moods, making them feel relaxed or energetic. 6．Astronauts collected Moon rocks to take back to the Earth for (进一步) research. 7．The (太平洋) coast is known for its beautiful beaches. 8．The (发现) of the site of Sanxingdui excited many people across China. 9．First of all, you should learn how to (防范) against any possible danger. 10．For a (明智的) man, a mistake is a lesson. 11．Foreigners all think (高度地) of the beauty of Beijing Opera. 12．One of the greatest (成就) of AI is its ability to process a great deal of data (数据) quickly. 13．The children don’t know how to (表达) themselves clearly. 14．The chief engineer is considered to be the (先锋) in the field of AI. 15．Lenka is an (澳大利亚) singer. Her song Trouble Is a Friend is very well-known. 16．I heard a (奇怪的) noise outside my window, so I turned on the light to check. 17．A soccer club will be in our school next week. (建立) 18．A good relationship is based on (信任). 19．Shanghai is a modern city, which is in the (东部) part of China. 20．These beautiful islands (位于) in the south of China. 词汇语境练-语篇 四、用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 serve    time    fight    sadly    before    afraid    win    easy    forget    difficulty    nothing Yue Fei was a hero who lived during the Song Dynasty. As a general, he led his army to 1 many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom and tried to take control of its central lands. Yue decided 2 the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. 3 he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great 4 . What exactly do you plan to do?” “ 5 my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not 6 for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo (给……纹身) the words onto her son’s back so that he would not 7 them. His mother asked, “My child, getting a tattoo is very painful. Are you 8 ?” Yue said, “Mother, a little needle (针) is 9 . If I were scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front line?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many 10 . 11 , Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his spirit was passed down to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。（每空一词） On February 6th, 2025, an outstanding Chinese scientist left us. Huang Xuhua, known 1 the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines(核潜艇),” 2 (spend) his life making his country stronger. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he saw China’s difficulties when he was young and decided to serve the country through science. In 1958, Huang was 3 (choose) to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. For the next 30 years, he and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country’s first nuclear sub marine. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was built and tested 4 (success). As a result, China became one of the 5 (country) that could make nuclear sub marines. But Huang didn’t stop. Even as an old man, Huang kept 6 (work) to improve submarine technology. At the age of 90, he still went to his office every day. In 2019, he won China’s 7 (high) honor, the Republic Medal, but he gave 8 all his prize money to help students and scientists. Huang Xuhua’s story reminds us that real heroes don’t always seek fame. Like a sub marine hiding beneath (在……下方) the waves, he quietly protected his country for many years. Today, 9 (he) example inspires many people to work hard, love our nation, and turn small dreams into big achievements. As he once said, “The future belongs to young people 10 connect their hearts to China’s growth.” Let’s carry forward his spirit—because every effort, no matter how small, can shape our nation’s destiny. $