第2讲 推理判断题——据文推理细筛选-【红对勾】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲与练

第二讲 推理判断题一 据文推理细筛选 名师支招 高效备考 考点1隐含推断题—揣摩推敲法 该推理判断题要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一 般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文 章的真正含义，才可能做出准确的推断。注意题干中常用的五个动词：infer、.indicate、imply、suggest (暗示)、conclude [典题呈现](2024·全国甲卷阅读C节选) Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of 关键句 the Volga River,including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk ②原文关键词=题干关键词 ③揣摩推敲出答案 找：根据题干关键词Krasnoyarsk可定位原文第三段。 023 二理（解字面意义）：俄罗斯政府在贫困的农村地区，如伏尔加河以东的克拉斯诺亚尔斯克，采取了一些措 施来解决公共医疗服务现代化的问题，包括视频预约医生和扩展财政援助项目以激励医生在偏远地区行医。 三推（断或判断）：克拉斯诺亚尔斯克的医疗状况较差。 四比（较各选项）： 项“克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助”符合要求。 29.What can we infer from paragraph3 about Krasnoyarsk?①题干关键词 设问方向：推测第三段所表述的具体细节 A.It is heavily populated. B.It offers training for doctors C.It is a modern city. D.It needs medical aid ·方法归纳 一找 将题干中about和from之后的内容作为定位词， 找到答案依据 二理 理解信息句的字面意思 推敲法 三推 依据字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的 推断 四比 比较各选项，确定答案 考点2评价人物/事物题—依据描述评价法 高考英语阅读理解题中，常出现对文本中的相关人物及事物进行评价，我们称之为评价题。解答 此类题时，需要结合文本对人物及事物的描述，从而对人物及事物的特征作出合理的评价 专题一阅读理解饼 [典题呈现](2024·新课标I卷阅读B节选) “I am not crazy,”says Dr.William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)ona rabbit."I am ahead of my time.If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his 关键句 coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's ②原文关键词=题干关键词 one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (now practicing"holistic"medicine- combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic (and herbal medicine ③依据描述合理评价 一一找：根据题干关键词coworkers可定位原文第一段。 二理（解关键句字面意义）：那可能是因为连他的一些同事偶尔都会嘲笑他那些不寻常的方法。 三评（价人物）：他有些与众不同。 四比（较各选项）：Farber的一些同事认为他很怪异(odd),故选 24.What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him?①题千关键词 设问方向：评价人物 A.He's odd. B.He's strict C.He's brave. D.He's rude. 。方法归纳 一找 以题干中的关键词为定位词，在 原文中找到出处 依据描述合 二理 理解关键句的字面意义 024 理评价法 三评 依据字面意思，做出合理评价 四比 比较各选项，确定答案 考点3推断后续内容题—前后逻辑一致法 这类试题要求考生根据已给出的语篇内容，推断文章后续内容或作者可能会进一步探讨的内容。 做此类题日时，考生需要仔细分析文章中的语境，并利用前后文的逻辑关系，特别要注意文章最后一段 及最后几句话的内容，从而做出合理的预测。 [典题呈现](2023·全国乙卷阅读C节选) According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK's obsession (with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV. it's no longer "uncool"for boys to like cooking. ②关键句 ③保持前后逻辑一致 一判：由题干判断题目类型：推断后续内容。 二理（解关键句的字面意义）：随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的事了。 三推（断后续内容）：接下来作者可能会介绍一些电视节目中的男厨师。 四比（较各选项）： 项“电视节目上的男厨师”符合要求。 ☑一红勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 31.What might the author continue talking about? ①设问方向：推断后续内容 A.The art of cooking in other countries. B.Male chefs on TV programmes. C.Table manners in the UK. D.Studies of big eaters. ·方法归纳 判 由题干判断题目类型 二理 理解关键句的字面意义 前后逻辑 一致法 三推 推断后续内容，做到前后逻辑合理 四比 比较各选项，确定答案 考点4推断文章出处题一体裁、内容分析法 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和内容来推断文章的出处或类别。 文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper 推销或介绍新产品→advertisement 文章中有click here等网络用语website 依体裁、 旅游胜地方面的介绍travel guide 内容判出处 时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→nagazine//journal/entertainment section 科普知识→science report 文化教育类文章→education section [典题呈现](2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C节选) 025 Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book,represented here ②关键句一 in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this "book of books."artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these ②关键句二 connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to. ③依体裁、内容进行分析 一判：由题干判断题目类型：推断文章出处。 二推（理判断）：根据关键句一可知，文章的主题是书：由关键句一以及关键句二等内容可知，本文介绍了 收录近三百件来自世界各地博物馆的收藏品的一本书一《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》。 三比（较各选项）：本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选 28.Where is the text most probably taken from? ①设间方向：文本的出处 A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 专题一阅读理解一讲 方法归纳· 判 由题干判断题目类型 体裁、内容 推 根据体裁、关键句推理判断 分析法 比较各选项，确定答案 考点5识别语篇类型题一关键措词分析法 这类试题在全国卷中出现的次数不多。可根据首段或首句、文体特征和某些关键词、句来识别语 篇所属类型。 [典题呈现](2022·全国乙卷阅读B) In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter. ②关键句一 Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy 026 would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden's book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which of course influenced the girls'decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn. ②关键句二 Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism()of the people ②关键句三 move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:"When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares, which turned white in the winter. ③依关键措词进行分析 一判：由题干判断题目类型：识别语篇类型。 二推（理判断）：由关键句一、二和三可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍作品，并对其进行了评价。 三比（较各选项）：本文是一篇书评，故选项 27.What is the text? ①设问方向：识别语篇类型 A.A news report. B.A book review. C.A children's story. D.A diary entry. ☑一红勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 ■ 方法归纳· 判 由题干判断题目类型 关键措词 根据首段或首句、文体特征 二推 分析法 和某些关键词、句推理判断 三比 比较各选项，确定答案 考点6推断文中人物或组织的观点态度一措词、情感判定法 此方法适用于推断作者及文中人物的观点、态度、情感等。解答此类题目时应多注意行文中的措 词，特别是具有感情色彩的形容词或副词。 [典题呈现](2022·新高考I卷阅读D节选) Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of "f"and "y"increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago."The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained ②原文关键词=题干关键词 stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today 关键句 is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,"said Steven Moran,a member of the research team. 027 ③依文章措词、情感进行判定 分析关键信息： 关键信息l:否定副词词组not necessarily修饰remained,形容词stable作remained的表语，说明我们使用 的语音并不一定保持稳定，换言之，语音系统是动态的。 关键信息2：形容词complex修饰interplay,说明语音系统是复杂的相互作用下的产物。 归纳人物态度：综上可知，Steven Moran认为人类语音是一个复杂的动态系统，故选 35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？①题干关键词 设间方向：询问Steven Moran对人类语音系统的看法 A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings. ·方法归纳 描述性词汇：形容词、副词、动词-ig形式、行为动词 找关键信息 直接陈述人物观点 评价性句子：原文中暗示观点的句子 措词、情感 直接引语（某人的原话） 判定法 分析关键信息 分析关键信息的表层及深层意思，对标所代表的人物观点态度性格 归纳观点态度或人物性格 将人物观点态度/性格进行归类并提炼 专题一 阅读理解一饼 考点7推断写作意图—体裁、主旨判定法 做推断写作意图题时，考生应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓 住文中的关键词或关键句。对文章的引申含义进行分析，整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写 作意图，确定最佳答案。 [典题呈现](2023·新课标I卷阅读B节选) He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated 关键句 sewage (from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China ②原文关键词=题干关键词 ③依体裁、主旨进行判定 一判：由题干判断题目类型：推断写作意图 二推（理判断）：由第二段中心句可知，多年来，Joh做了很多重大的工作。由此可推知，下文提到净化福 州的运河水是为了举例说明Jon的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。 三比（较各选项）： 项“为了展示John想法的一个应用”符合要求。 26.What is the author''s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?①题干关键词 028 设间方向：作者提到Fuz小ou的意图 A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. ·方法归纳 一判 由题干判断题目类型 体裁、主旨判定法 二推 从总体上把握文章的主题，抓住 关键词或关键句进行推理判断 三比 比较各选项，确定答案 学以致用 能力生成 show is for children aged 4 and up and promises (2024·浙江嘉兴模拟) “knee-slapping”comedic moments and heart-- A One-woman Cinderella Show warming life lessons. Is Coming to Fairfield "I love children's theatre,"says Rosvic Siason, A one-woman show that reimagines the classic who plays Cinderella."Kids are our future and we fairytale Cinderella is coming to the Fairfield introduce them to these stories.We all have Community Arts Center.The Children's Theatre of situations at one point in our life that look like this Cincinnati will present Cinderella Wore Cowboy conversation.It just kind of helps you develop your Boots for one night only on Jan.26.The traveling brain and learn how to think as a developing person. ☑一红硒勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 It's really important to expose kids to theatre and Visit fairfieldcity.org for tickets and more well-rounded actors they can talk to for guidance." information. These one-man,one-woman shows have so 1.What is Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots? much beauty because it is very raw.People actually A.A book. B.A theatre. follow along much easier than you think.It's easy to C.A performance. D.A lesson. share a feeling.They will be expected to interact,2.What does Siason think of stories in children's deliver lines and repeat after Cinderella throughout theatre? 高考新思维一评价事物题 the production.Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots will A.They can offer temporary amusement. deliver a funny,meaningful twist on the classic B.They can help deal with life's challenges. fairytale that encourages audiences to expand their C.They can allow individuals to avoid reality. imagination. D.They can provide opportunities to make friends "Using imagination helps kids to think of 3.What might Siason encourage children to do? things in more ways than one,”Siason says.“It A.Stick to the rules. opens them up and makes them think,'Hey,this is B.Dare to dream big. one way this could work.Or,'I could try this C.Always follow the crowd. way,'and then see what happens." D.Think outside the box. Q知识胶囊 Para.l:classic adj.经典的Para.l:knee-slapping ad.令人捧腹大笑的Para.l:heart-warming 单词积累ad.暖心的Para.2:well-rounded adj.全面发展的；多才多艺的Para.2:guidance.指导 029 Para.3:interact v.互动 熟词生义Para.l:present((常用义)n.礼物；（文章义）v.呈现；展示 短语积累Para.3:deliver lines念台词Para.3:repeat after跟读Para.4:more ways than one不止一种方式 (Para.2)We all have situations at one point in our life that look like this conversation. 分析]这是一个复合句。主句为“主谓宾”结构；定语从句that look like this conversation修饰先行 难句分析 词situations。 [译文]我们都会在人生的某个时刻遇到类似这种对话的情况。 B Think back to your time growing up and in (2024·东北师大附中模拟) school.Chances are you received the most Proper questioning has become a lost art.The recognition or reward when you got the correct curious four-year-old asks a lot of questions- answers.Later in life,that motivator continues.At incessant streams of“Why?”and“Why not?” work,we often reward those who answer questions, might sound familiar but as we grow older,our not those who ask them.Questioning conventional questioning decreases.In a recent survey of more wisdom can even lead to being distanced,or than 200 of our clients,we found that those with considered a threat. children estimated that 70%-80%of their kids' Because expectations for decision-making have dialogues with others were comprised of questions. gone from“get it done soon'”to“get it done now'” But those same clients said that only 15%-25%of to"it should have been done yesterday",we tend to their own interactions consisted of questions.Why jump to conclusions instead of asking more the drop off? questions.And the unfortunate side effect of not 专题一 阅读理解一讲 asking enough questions is poor decision-making. A.One poses a threat to the company if they ask That's why it's vital that we slow down and take the questions. time to ask more and better questions.At best,we'll B.Those who ask questions don't necessarily get arrive at better conclusions.At worst we'll avoid a positive feedback. lot of rework later on. C.One doesn't have as many opportunities as Aside from not speaking up enough,many they did in childhood. professionals don't think about how different types D.Those who question popular beliefs don't have of questions can lead to different outcomes.We interpersonal skills. should lead a conversation by asking the right kinds 6.What can we infer from Paragraph 3? of questions,based on the problem we're trying to A.Redoing is unavoidable despite thoughtful solve.In some cases,we'll want to expand our view questions. of the problem rather than keeping it narrowly B.Better questions can surely result in desirable focused.In others,we may want to challenge basic outcomes. assumptions or confirm our understanding in order to C.Some people think it can't be too fast to make feel more confident in our conclusions.Therefore, a decision. asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in D.We'll make reasonable decisions as long as we achieving a goal. ask questions. 4.What does the underlined word "incessant"in 7.What might the author continue talking about? Paragraph 1 most probably mean? 高考新思维三推断后续内容题 030 A.Constant B.Random. A.Proper questions that should be raised. C.Noisy D.Innocent. B.Important goals that we are to achieve 5.What accounts for the decline of questioning in C.Right kinds of answers to the questions. adulthood? D.The reasons for the loss of questioning art. Q知识胶囊， Para.2:recognition n.认可Para.2:conventional adj.传统的Para.3:expectation n.期望 单词积累Para.3:decision-making n.决策Para.4:professional n.专业人士Para.4:outcome n.结果 Para.4:assumption n.假设 熟词生义Para.2:distance(常用义)n.距离；（文章义）v.疏远 Para.l:consist of由…组成Para.3:jump to conclusions草率下结论Para.3:slow down慢下来 短语积累 Para.3:take the time花时间 (Para.3)Because expectations for decision-making have gone from "get it done soon"to"get it done now"to "it should have been done yesterday",we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions. 难句分析 [分析]这是一个主从复合句。从属连词because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在就完成”再到“昨天就应该完成”，所以我 们倾向于草率下结论，而不是提出更多问题。 学习至此，请完成专题强化训练2 练 ☑一红勾讲与练·高三二轮英语讲义手册 专题一 阅读理解 3.A细节理解题。首先，锁定题千关键 学以致用能力生成… 信息“switch to block letters for commu- nication'”;然后，利用定位法，回到原文 A 第一部分 宏观层面厚植素养 找到相关信息，即第五段中“So,from 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文 第二讲 解读命题重点，提升 now on,I'm taking their advice and 章介绍了一部重新构想的经典童话《灰 破题思维 using block letters to communicate.”:最 姑娘》的一人剧将在费尔菲尔德社区艺 后，进行语义转换，题千中的switch to 术中心上演 「典题呈现1 在原文表述为using,题千中名词com- 1.C细节理解题。根据第一段“The 27.D31.C26.A29.D32.C munication在原文中表述为动词com- Children's Theatre of Cincinnati...on 25.A municate。故选A项 Jan.26.”可知，Cinderella Wore Cowboy 第三讲精用“同义替换”， 4.B主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及 Boots是一场表演。故选C项。 快攻正确选项 第二段“Now it becomes apparent..a 2.B推理判断题。题千中的关键词 [自主解答] source of great sadness among tradition- 为：Siason和stories;根据第二段“It just kind of helps you develop your 1.A2.A3.C4.B5.B alists.”可知，文章主要讲的是草书可 悲的衰落。故选B项。 brain and learn how to think as a develo- 6.A7.B8.D9.A10.D B ping person.It's really important to 11.A12.D13.A14.B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 expose kids to theatre and well-rounded 第四讲巧妙“化繁为简”， 章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并 actors they can talk to for guidance." 速拆长难句式 指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，并提 第四段“‘Using imagination helps kids to think of things in more ways than 第一招 供了解决孤独的办法」 宾语时间状语 5.C细节理解题。根据第一段内容可 one,'Siason says.'It opens them up and makes them think..'”可推测 第二招 知，Ms Bello感到孤独；根据第二段内 出Siason认为儿童戏剧中的故事可以 时间状语 容可知，她渴望化解这样的孤独，与人 帮助应对生活中的挑战。故选B项。 第三招 建立更深的联系。故选C。 6.B推理判断题。根据第三段“Wea 3.D细节理解题。根据第四段“Using 表语定语 后置定语 imagination helps...and then see what 第四招 feel lonely...friends can experience lone- 宾语定语 liness.”可知，Murthy博士认为大家都 happens.”可知，Siason鼓励孩子们跳 出思维定式，以多种方式思考问题。 会感到孤独，这是很正常的事情。由 第二部分 微观层面蓄势赋能 故选D项。 此可知，他会同意“孤独是一种普遍的 （一)讲透题型有准度 人类体验”的观点。故选B。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 7.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Build- 章介绍了恰当地提问已经成为一门失传 第一讲细节理解题 ing relationships...those who share com- 的艺术，并分析了原因，鼓励人们恰当地 定位信息巧比对 monalities with us.”以及第五段“Vol 提问。 unteering is also a way...showing up at a 考点1 4.A词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The paty.”可知，作者的建议包括尽量不 [典题呈现]21.C curious four-year-old"以及“as we grow 要期望太高，保持耐心，与那些与我们 考点2 older,our questioning decreases”可知 有共同点的人建立联系，以及做志愿 [典题呈现]30.A 此处表示这个好奇的四岁孩子问了很 工作来帮助他人，不包括“尽可能多地 考点3 多问题一一直问“为什么？”和“为什 参加聚会”。故选B。 [典题呈现]22.C 么不呢？”所以画线词的意思是“持续 8.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章 考点4 不断的”。故选A项。 介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并 「典题呈现121.D 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段的内容 指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还 可知，提问题的人不一定能得到积极 学以致用能力生成 … 提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知 的反馈是成年后提问减少的原因。故 A 文章的中心思想是孤独并不可怕，有 选B项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文 很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办 6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段 章主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草 法。B选项“孤独：不是世界未日”最 "Because expectations...poor decision- 书书法感到自豪，到意识到现代趋势使 适合作文章标题。故选B。 making..”可知，对决策的期望已经从 草书变得不那么实用和容易理解的历 第二讲推理判断题 “尽快完成”变成了“现在完成”，再到 程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美 据文推理细筛选 “昨天就应该完成”，我们倾向于直接 丽，但他们看不懂手写的明信片。为了 下结论，而不是间更多的问题。没有 考点1 清晰起见，作者决定改用印刷体。这 问足够多的问题的副作用是槽糕的决 [典题呈现]29.D 转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变，从 策。由此可推断为，有些人认为做决 考点2 手写交流向打字交流转变，显示了传统 「典题呈现]24.A 定不能太快。故选C项。 7.A推理判断题。定位题干关键信息 美感与实际易读性之间的斗争 考点3 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“The [典题呈现]31.B continue talking about;回原文找到相关 的最后一句“Therefore,asking the right teacher was teaching...while extending 考点4 their right foot..”可知，帕尔默书法的特 kinds of questions is what counts in 「典题呈现]28.A achieving a goal.”;由此可以推断作者 点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。 考点5 可能继续讨论恰当的问题。故选A项。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“But [典题呈现]27.B recently something happened...a thing I 考点6 第三讲词句猜测题一 had written.”可知，朋友们无法理解作 [典题呈现]35.C 上下文中寻答案 者的明信片削弱了他对草书的信念。 考点7 考点1 故选C项。 [典题呈现]26.B [典题呈现]29.A -305- 参考答案一业