Unit 4 Inventions ( Cross-curricular connection ）课件 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕蒸汽机的发明、改进及对工业革命的意义展开，通过观察蒸汽火车图片问答导入，结合“Look and learn”图文学习活塞、气缸等词汇，“Read and match”巩固词义，再经阅读预测、时间轴梳理文本信息，搭建从词汇到语篇理解的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质和学习能力培养，通过时间轴梳理与复述任务提升语言理解表达，“Read and think”中马力、瓦特单位的有趣事实及小组讨论促进逻辑思维，作业拓展任务（搜索其他发明）培养自主学习。采用词汇图文结合、跨学科联系工业革命的方法，学生能提升语言运用和逻辑思维，教师可借助结构化流程提高教学效率。

初中英语沪教版八年级上册 Unit 4 Inventions Inventions Cross-curricular connection 1 理解与蒸汽机的发明和发展有关的词汇和短语。 2 理解文章内容,通过时间轴梳理文本信息,复述蒸汽机的发展历程。 3 理解蒸汽机技术进步与工业革命发展之间的关系,体会发明创造对社会发展的深远意义。 Learning objectives 重点 重点 Observe and answer What do you see in the picture? There’s a train. The train is making lots of dark smoke. Observe and answer Do you know what kind of train it is? It looks like an old-fashioned steam train. It was powered by the steam engine. A world-changing invention! Let’s explore more! Look and learn Look at the pictures and learn the new words. [ p st n]活塞 [ s l nd (r)] (发动机的)气缸 [ b l (r)] 锅炉,汽锅 Look and learn Look at the pictures and learn the new words. cog [k ] 齿轮 locomotive [ l k m t v] 机车;火车头 Look and learn Look at the pictures and learn the new words. horsepower [ h spa (r)] 马力 Read and match (1) piston A. a container that heats water to make steam (2) cylinder B. a metal plate that moves back and forth because of steam (3) boiler C. a tube where steam pushes the piston (4) steam engine D. a wheel with teeth to help machines move (5) cog E. a part of a train that pulls the train (6) locomotive F. an engine that turns heat energy into motion energy B C A F D E Read and complete Look at the title, subtitles and the pictures. Predict what the passage is mainly about. Then try to complete the blanks. development Thomas Newcomen’s of the steam engine. The passage is mainly about the It talks about invention and how improved it. James Watt Read and choose C What is the literary genre(文体) of this passage? A. Argumentation(议论文) B. Narrative(记叙文) C. Expository(说明文) Read and answer 1. Who invented the first steam engine? 2. What did James Watt do? 3. How did the steam engine help the Industrial Revolution? Thomas Newcomen. He simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. James Watt added wheels and cogs to the steam engine, which made the steam engine useful in train locomotives and steamboats. In this way, his invention played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. Read and complete (4)_ improved on the original design. His improvement increased the (5)_ of the engine. This new steam engine could (6)_, and it could also (7)_. (1)_ invented the first steam engine in (2)_. It helped people (3)_ _. (8)_ were added to the steam engine by (9)_ and it was useful in (10)_ and (11)_. The invention played a huge role in (12)_. Thomas Newcomen 1712 mine for metals and coal at greater depths James Watt power power trains and ships be used in factories Wheels and cogs Watt steamboats train locomotives the Industrial Revolution Invention Improvement Significance Complete a timeline to describe the invention and improvement process of the steam engine. Retell the passage James Watt, improved, Newcomen’s original design, increased power, more uses, power trains, power ships, factories Thomas Newcomen, 1712, the first steam engine, piston, cylinder, boiler, mine metals, coal (greater depths) added wheels, cogs, steam engine, train locomotives, steamboats, Industrial Revolution, played a huge role Invention Improvement Significance Read and think Interesting facts: • James Watt invented the term “horsepower”. He recorded the weight a group of ponies could lift. This became a single unit. He then compared this to the weight his steam engine could lift. This made his machine’s power sound even more impressive! • The unit of power known as the "watt" is also named after James Watt. 詹姆斯 瓦特发明了“马力”一词。他记录了一群小马能举起的重量。它变成了一个单一的单位。然后,他将其与蒸汽机可以举起的重量进行了比较。这使得他的机器的动力听起来更加令人印象深刻!被称为“瓦特”的功率单位也以詹姆斯 瓦特的名字命名。 Read and think 1 HORSEPOWER = 1 HP = 745.7 W 在18世纪后期,英国物理学家瓦特(1736-1819)为了测定新制造出来的蒸汽机的功率,他把马力的定义规定为在1分钟内把1000磅的重物升高33英尺的功,这就是英制马力,用字母HP表示。1英制马力等于745.7瓦特。 Read and think What’s the relationship between James Watt, “horsepower” and “Watt”? James Watt invented the term “horsepower”. The unit of power known as the “watt” is also named after James Watt. Think and discuss Group discussion: 1. What impact did the invention of the steam engine have on the Industrial Revolution? The steam engine helped a lot during the Industrial Revolution. It made machines more powerful and faster. This helped factories produce more things and trains and ships move faster. Think and share 2. Why do you think inventions need to go through different stages before they become popular? It seems that inventions often go through several stages of development before they become popular. Inventions need time to improve. At first, they might not work well. People keep making them better until they are good enough for everyone to use. Summary Vocabulary: piston, cylinder, boiler, cog, horsepower, engine等 James Watt, improved, Newcomen’s original design, increased power, more uses, power trains, power ships, factories Thomas Newcomen, 1712, the first steam engine, piston, cylinder, boiler, mine metals, coal (greater depths) added wheels, cogs, steam engine, train locomotives, steamboats, Industrial Revolution, played a huge role Invention Improvement Significance Homework 01 Base: Listen to and read the passage on Page 64 for three times. 02 Expand: Search for the development of another invention that interests you and share it with the class. Bye-bye Bye-bye $