内容正文:
重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ
Section I
Discovering Useful Structures Listening and Talking
教材原文解读
英汉互译·长难句分折
词汇·语法汪释
3 Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or
pronouns.Add a preposition where necessary.
①“where necessary”是“where
用正确的关系副词或关系代词完成文章。在必要的地方要添加
it is necessary”的省略。当从
介词。
句的主语是it且谓语是be动
When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The
词时,从句的主语it和谓语
当我刚开始学习德语的时候,我感到很费力。
从
be动词可以一起省略。
②struggle/'strAgl/n.&.i.斗
words felt strange on my tongue,and the grammar would not
争;奋斗;搏斗
我嘴里说出来的单词让我感觉很奇怪,我也记不住语法。
a struggle一件难事;需要奋
斗拼搏才能完成的事
stay in my head.I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and
③tongue/tAJ/n.舌头;语言
我告诉妈妈我想放弃,
④give up放弃
that I would never live in a country
⑤
give in(to…)向…投降;
German was
我再也不想生活在说德语的国家里。
屈服(于…)
⑤空处引导定语从句,修饰“a
spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just
country”。
我妈妈告诉我学习一门语言不仅仅是为了我的未来。
⑥the more.the more
越…就越…(前者表条
for my future.It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of
件,后者表结果)
这是针对大脑的训练;
我对一门语言了解得
⑦空处引导定语从句,修饰“that
day"。
a language,the more my brain would grow.And I remember
越多,
⑧no longer不再
我的大脑就会越发达。
我记得那一天,我
⑨it feels like意为“好像…”,
that day
⑦I suddenly felt like German was no longer⑧a
后接从句。
突然感觉德语不再是一门外语。
⑩double v.(使)加倍;是…的
两倍
foreign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.
①in size在尺寸(大小)方面
感觉我的大脑好像增大了一倍。
②空处引导定语从句,修饰“a
place”。
I had finally come to a place
I could think in this
③point of view观点;看法
我终于达到了能用这门外语思考的地步,
from one's point of view在某
foreign language,and I could see the world from a different
人看来;根据某人的看法
而且我还能从不同的角度看这个世界。
①④asif意为“好像;似乎”,后接
从句时,从句多用虚拟语气。
point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal
⑤空处引导定语从句,修饰“the
我感觉我好像达到了自己一直为之奋斗的目标。
goal”。
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UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
I had been fighting for I could open a book and see meanings,
⑥fight for为(争取)…而
我打开一本书能理解(文字的)意思,
奋斗
①a sea of大量的;许多的
not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason
⑧空处引导定语从句,修饰先行
而不是只看到大量的单词。我终于明白了妈妈鼓励我不要放弃的原
词“the reason'”。
my mum had encouraged me not to s give up.Thanks,Mum!
19 encourage sb.(not)to do sth.
因。
谢谢您,妈妈!
鼓励某人(不要)做某事
语言要点精讲
要点1
struggle
对点例析
(1)n.费力的事;斗争;奋斗;搏斗;打架
单句语法填空
教材语境>When I started studying German,it was a struggle..
例1-1(2025·湖北武汉六
中高一上第三次月考语法填
当我刚开始学习德语的时候,我感到很费力。
After the Tang Dynasty,
She called for action to address the struggles of people around
poets struggled
the world facing“too little water or too dirty water'”.(2023·北
(establish)a modern style
that was not rooted in the
京高考语法填空)
glories of the past.
她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地人们面临的“水太少或水太脏”的斗争。
例1-2(2024·全国高考甲
句型It is a struggle for sb.to do sth..对某人来说做某事很艰难。
卷阅读C·改编)The
government
(struggle)
(2)vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗;挣扎;拼搏;努力
come up
with
struggle against与…作斗争
measures to
,address(解决)
the problem.
struggle with与…作斗争;与…并肩斗争
例1-3(经典·江苏高考完
词块
struggle for为…而斗争/奋斗
形填空·改编)To get an
struggle to do sth,努力/费劲地做某事
education,he was struggling
many difficulties.
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
完成句子
Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and
例1-4(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ
完形填空·改编)During my
was too tired?Or too thirsty?(2023·1月浙江高考读后续写)
first visit to Italy,
也许她在窗户上挣扎了太久,太累了?还是太渴了?
(问路对我来说很费
A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.
or order in a restaurant.
UNIT
【答案与解析】
强者会与命运的风暴抗争。
1-1 to establish句意:唐朝
With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market,
以后,诗人们努力建立一种不
植根于过去辉煌的现代风格。
the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.(山东高考阅读
1-2
has struggled;to句
D)随着越来越多的快餐概念进入市场,Sparrow的菜单不得不努力吸
意:政府一直在努力提出解决
引人们的注意。
这一问题的措施。
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重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ
He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.(江苏高考阅读
1-3
with/against
句意:为
D)他努力解释他大脑听到的信息。
了接受教育,他与许多困难作
斗争。
fight for为争取…而战
1-4 it was a struggle for me
链接
fight with与…交战/打架
to ask for directions I
fight against为反对…而战
struggled to ask for directions
the+比较级(十主语十谓语),the十比较级(十主语+
单句语法填空
要点2
谓语)
例2-1(2022·新高考全国
该句式意为“越…就越…”,从句和主句之间是递进关系。前
Ⅱ阅读D·改编)The more
exercise we do,
一个“the十比较级”是条件状语从句,后一个是主句。在该句型
(strong)our hearts get.
中,从句表示主句的条件,指主句的情况随着从句表示的程度变
例2-2(经典·全国高考Ⅲ
化而变化。
阅读D·改编)The more
教材语境>It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a
positive an article is,
(likely)it is to be shared.
language,the more my brain would grow.
例2-3
hard)
这是针对大脑的训练;我对一门语言了解得越多,我的大脑就会越
you study,
great)
发达。
progress you'll make.
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually,
单句写作
the stranger the idea is,the more it gets noticed..(淅江高考完形填
例2-4问题越难,你就应该
思考得越仔细。
空)有很多方法可以提高人们对某项事业的认识。通常,这个想法越
奇特,就越容易受到关注。
you should think.
The more learned a man is,the more modest he usually becomes
【答案与解析】
(陕西高考单选)一个人越博学,通常他就越谦虚。
2-1 the stronger
句意:我
And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the
们做的运动越多,我们的心脏
就会变得越强壮。
more similar were the babies'begging calls..(江苏高考阅读B)妈
2-2 the more likely
句意:
妈们对着它们的蛋叫得越频繁,它们孩子的求食声就越相似。
一篇文章越积极向上,就越有
特别提醒
可能被分享。
(1)若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要
2-3 The harder;the greater
句意:你学习越努力,取得的
用一般现在时表示将来。
进步就会越大。
The more you study,the better prepared you will be for
2-4 The more difficult the
your future life.你学得越多,就为未来的生活准备得越好。
problem is;the more carefully
(2)在意义明确的情况下,主、从句都可以有所省略,特别
微笔记
是在谚语、俗语中。
The more,the better..越多越好。
The sooner you notice,the better.你注意得越早越好。
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UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
要点3
beg vi.&vt.(begged,begged)请求;乞求
完成句子
beg sb.for sth.=beg sth.from sb.向某人要某物
例31(经典·江苏高考单
选·改编)一Only those who
beg(sb.)to do sth.乞求(某人)做某事
用法
have a lot in common can get
beg that-十从句乞求…(从句谓语用虚拟语气,即
along well.
“should十动词原形”,should可省略)
(恕我不能
同意).Opposites sometimes
教材语境>I beg your pardon
attract.
我没听清楚,请再说一遍。
单句语法填空
注意此句读降调时,意为“请原凉”;读升调时,意为“我没听清
例3-2
The poor old man
made a living by
begging
楚,请再说一遍”。
food from door to
She begged my father to go to a dental school,from which he
door.
【答案与解析】
graduated with honors..(江苏高考完形填空)她请求我的父亲去上
3-1 I beg to differ句意:
一所牙科学校,他后来以优异的成绩从那所学校毕业。
“只有那些有很多共同点的人
They begged him for help.=They begged help from him.
才能相处得好。”“恕我不能同
他们向他求援。
意。有差异或对立的双方有
时会互相吸引。”
Hle begged to be told the truth.他请求把真相告诉他。
3-2for句意:那位可怜的
注意表示“向…乞讨”,同学们容易受汉语影响而使用介词
老头靠挨家挨户乞讨为生。
beg for意为“请求;乞讨”。
to,但是beg不和介词to搭配使用,而使用from。
语法要点精讲
关系副词引导的定语从句和“介词十关系代词”
思维导图
when引导的定语从句的用法
关系副词及
where引导的定语从句的用法
其引导的定
语从句
why引导的定语从句的用法
选用关系代词/关系副词的方法
基本形式:介词+whom:介词+which;介词+which+名词;
介词+whose+名词:名词/不定代词/数词/比较级或最高级+
of +which/whom
关系副词引导
的定语从句和
“介词+关系
介词的选择
UNIT
介词+关系
代词”引导的
代词”
定语从句
介词可以后移,此时关系代词可以省略(省略时,介词必
须后移)
在“介词+关系代词”结构中,介词也可以是短语介词
定语从句中的主谓一致
其他
where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别
判断关系代词与关系副词的方法
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重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ
要点1
关系副词及其引导的定语从句
秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后,在这个统一的国家
引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where.
里,汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。
There are some cases where this rule
wy。关系副词在定语从句中作状语,一般不
doesn't work.(where引导定语从句,修饰先行
能省略。
词cases)
1.关系副词when(=at/in/on/during
在某些情况下,这条规则不起作用。
which)在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的先
The roads there went through large
行词通常是表示时间的名词。
valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a
Over the years,the system developed into
time.(2024·新高考全国I完形填空)(where引
different forms,as it was a time when people
导定语从句,修饰先行词valleys)
were divided geographically,leading to many
那里的道路穿过很大的山谷,我一次要骑上坡
varieties of dialects and characters.(when
好几英里。
导定语从句,修饰先行词time)
3.关系副词why(=for which)在定语从句
在随后的许多年里,这一体系发展成不同的形
中作原因状语,修饰表原因的名词reason(s)。
式,这是由于当时中国人居住的地域存在分隔,从
There are many reasons why this has been
而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。
possible,but one of the main factors has been
I am looking forward to the day when my
the Chinese writing system.(why叼引导定语从
daughter can read this book and know my
句,修饰先行词reasons).
其延续的原因颇多,但主要因素之一是汉字的
feelings for her..(when引导定语从句,修饰先
书写体系。
行词day)
Rankings,however,are only one reason
我一直盼望着这一天,我女儿能读懂这本书并
why a low value is placed on teaching in higher
了解我对她的感情。
education.(2023·北京高考七选五)
2.关系副词where(=in/at/on which)在
然而,排名只是高等教育对教学重视程度较低
定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的先行词可以
的一个原因。
是表示具体地点概念的名词,也可以是表示抽
特别提醒
象地点概念的名词。如:case(情况)、situation
如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的
(情形)、spot(地点)、position(位置)、stage(
原因,而是充当了定语从句中谓语动词的主
段)、journey(旅程)、point(地步)等。
语或宾语,这时,要用关系代词that或which
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven
引导定语从句,不用why。
major states into one unified country where the
I won't listen to the reason that/which
Chinese writing system began to develop in
you have given me..(that/which在定语从句
one direction.(where引导定语从句,修饰先行
中作宾语)
我不听你给我的理由。
词country)
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UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
方法判断用关系代词还是关系副词的方法
点状语)》
方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词,完全取
我已经到了再也不能忍受她的争辩的地步了。
决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语
要点2“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句
就必须用关系代词,而不及物动词侧需要用关
“介词十关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语
系副词。试比较:
从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词
This is the village where I stayed last
指物时,关系代词用which;先行词指人时,关
year.(stay为不及物动词)
系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前
这就是去年我待过的村庄。
时,关系代词不能省略。
This is the mountain village which/that I
visited last year..(visit为及物动词)
1.基本形式
这就是去年我到过的山村。
介词+whom(指人);介词十which(指物);
I'll never forget the days when I worked
介词+which+名词;介词+whose+名词;名
together with them,(work为不及物动词)
词/不定代词/数词/比较级或最高级十of+
我永远忘不了与他们在一起工作的日子。
which/whom
I'll never forget the days which/that I
It dates back several thousand years to
spent in the countryside.(spend为及物动词)
the use of longgu-animal bones and shells on
我永远不会忘记在乡村度过的时光。
which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的
people..(on which引导定语从句,修饰“animal
成分(主、宾、表、定、状),也能正确选择出关系
bones and shells")
代词或关系副词。关系词的选择依据先行词在
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期
从句中所作的成分判断,先行词在从句中作主
古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上刻画符号。
语、定语、表语和宾语时,选择关系代词(who、
Written Chinese has also become an
whom、that、which、whose);先行词在从句中作
important means by which China's present is
状语时,选择关系副词[where(地点状语)、
connected with its past.(by which引导定语
when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)]。试比较:
从句,修饰先行词means)
UNIT
There is one point (that/which)we must
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要
insist on..(point在从句中作宾语)
媒介。
有一点我们必须要坚持。
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black
I've come to the point where I can't stand
lawyer to whom I went for advice.(to whom
her arguing any longer..(point在从句中作地
导定语从句,修饰先行词lawyer))
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重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ
那是在1952年,曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师,
特别提醒
我向他寻求建议。
有些固定的短语动词一般不能拆开,介
2.介词的选择
词一般只能放在动词的后面。常用的不可拆
(1)根据定语从句中的动词或形容词与介
开的动词短语有care for(喜欢,关心)、deal
词的搭配来确定
with(处理,对付,处置)、get through(渡过难
The author with whom all of us are
关)、hear from(收到…的来信)、look after
familiar will visit our company.(be familiar
(照顾)、send for(派人去请)、see to(办理,料
with为固定搭配)
理)等。
我们所有人都熟悉的那位作者将参观我们的
4.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,介词也可
公司。
以是短语介词,如by means of、because of、at
(2)根据介词与先行词的搭配来确定
the foot of、at the back of、.in front of、on the top
Creating
an
atmosphere in which
o等。若短语介词表示位置,则定语从句往往
employees feel part of a team is a big
用倒装语序。
challenge..(in an atmosphere为固定搭配)
Sound is a tool by means of which people
营造一种让员工感觉自己是团队一员的氛围
communicate with each other.
是一项巨大的挑战。
声音是人们互相交流的工具。
This special building is a place in which
They stayed in a big hotel in front of
theatre is made and where children,artists,
which was a garden.(定语从句倒装)
writers and anyone else have the opportunity
他们住在一家大旅馆里,旅馆前面是一个
to do creative things.(2022·全国高考甲卷阅
花园。
读A)
I am talking to a teacher in the classroom
刷院就在这座特别的建筑里,在这里,孩子、艺
at the back of which stands a book shelf with
术家、作家以及其他任何人都有机会做有创意的
all kinds of books.(定语从句倒装)
事情。
我正和一位老师在教室里谈话,教室的后面放
3.介词可以后移,此时关系代词可以省略
着一个书架,书架上有各种类型的书。
(省略时,介词必须后移)。
要点3定语从句中的主谓一致
This is the book for which you asked.
1.关系代词在句中作主语,从句谓语动词
=This is the book (which/that)you
的单复数与先行词保持一致。
asked for.
Children who are not active or whose diet
这是你要的那本书。
is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
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UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
不爱活动或在饮食上脂肪摄入量高的孩子会
名词,引导状语从句时修饰谓语动词。
快速地发胖。
2.若where引导的是定语从句,where前
2.先行词为“one of-+复数名词”,并且关
面必然有表示地点(或抽象地点)的名词,即先
系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词用
行词;若where引导的是地点状语,它前面没有
复数形式;先行词为“the only/very/right one
表示地点的名词。
0十复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
3.where引导地点状语从句时,where不
She is the only one of the staff who is
能改写成“介词十which”。
qualified for the job.
Please leave the book at the place where it
她是员工中唯一能胜任这项工作的人。
was.(定语从句)请把书放在原处。
辨析where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别
Please leave the book where it was.(地点
1.where引导定语从句时修饰一个地点
状语从句)请把书放在原处。
UNIT 5
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