Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking-【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

LANGUAGES AROUND UNIT 5 THE WORLD 3 单元语言素养 主题 世界各地的语言 语音 了解并体会英式英语与美式英语在发音上的主要区别。 教材单词和词块： billion,native,attitude,reference,refer,system,despite,factor,base,bone,symbol, carve,dynasty,variety,major,means,classic,regard,character,calligraphy,global,affair, appreciate,specific,CE,struggle,gas,petrol,subway,apartment,beg,equal,gap, demand,vocabulary,description,relate refer to,ups and downs,all the way through,date back (to ...)over the years,no matter where/who/what/when/which,high regard for,play a greater role in,point of view,reach the goal,get high marks,compare...with,bridge the gap 话题拓展单词和词块： 1.Categories of language语言的类别 spoken language口语written language书面语first language/native language/mother 词汇和 tongue母语official/standard language官方/标准语言 词块 2.Components of language learning语言学习的构成要素 idiom n.习语vocabulary n.词汇spelling n.拼写phrase n.短语listening n.听 speaking n.说expression n.词语；表达reading n.阅读writing n.写；写作grammar n.语法confusable words易混淆词 3.Methods of learning a foreign language学习外语的方法 refer to a dictionary查词典look up words in the dictionary在词典里查词read the text aloud大声朗读课文read English books more多阅读英文书learn grammar rules学习语 法规则increase vocabulary增加词汇量keep practising坚持练习 4.Benefits of learning a foreign language学习外语的好处 know different cultures了解不同的文化strengthen intercultural communication加强跨文 化交流broaden one's horizons开阔视野increase knowledge of many fields增加很多领 域的知识 l.This/Itis/was a time when.这/那是一个…的时期 There was a time when.曾经有一段时期 结构和 2.o十抽象名词=该名词的同根形容词 句式 of great value=very valuable 3.“no matter-十疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 UNIT 4.the十比较级（十主语十谓语），the十比较级（十主语十谓语）越…就越 语法 理解并运用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句；理解in/on/at which在定语从句中相 当于when、where;能够运用定语从句描述事物的具体信息。 语篇 1.阅读介绍汉字书写体系发展的说明性语篇，理解语篇特，点以及组织结构。 2.阅读网络社区上征询意见和解决办法的新媒体语篇，了解其语言特色和文本特征。 1.掌握请对方解释和说明的表达方式和沟通技巧。 表达 2.能够就英语学习的问题和方法在网络社区里发表自己的看法和观，点。 167 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ。 Section Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking 教材原文解读 英汉互译·长难句分折 词汇·语法汪释 2 Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph. ①system/'sistom/n.体系；制 快速阅读课文，找出每一段的大意。 度；系统 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: ②be known for因…而出名 CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT 3 civilisation [NAmE-ization] /isrvolar'zei.n/n.文明；文明 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 世界 ④all the way through一直以来； China is widely known for2 its ancient civilisation which 始终 尽管历史兴衰起伏，中国以其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名 ⑤despite/dr'spat/prep.即使； has continued all the way through into modern times,despite 尽管 于世。 ⑥ups and downs浮沉；兴衰； the many ups and downs in its history.There are many 荣辱 其延续的原因颇 ⑦why在此引导定语从句。 reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main ⑧factor/'faekto(r)/n.因素； 多， 但主要因素之一是汉字的 要素 ⑨at the beginning最初；起初 factors has been the Chinese writing system. ⑩based/best/adj.以（某事） 书写体系。 为基础的；以…为重要部分 At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based0 (或特征)的 汉字起初是一种基于图形的语言。 base/bes/n.底部；根据t. language.It dates back several thousand years to the use of 以…为据点；以…为基础 它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期—古代中国人 ①date back(to..)追溯到 longgu-animal bones and shells on which symbols were ②bone/baun/n.骨头；骨（质） 在这些动物骨头和壳上刻画符号。 3 shell/小el/n.壳；壳状物 carved by ancient Chinese people.Some of the ancient ©“介词十关系代词”引导定语 在今天的汉字中仍可以看 从句，修饰“animal bones and shells'”。此处表示“在…上 symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi. 面”，所以用on。 到一些古老的符号。 ⑤symbol/'smbl/n.符号；象征 16 carve/karv/t.&.vi.雕刻 回本句是一个复杂句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词“its ancient civilisation”。“despite.in its history'”是介词短语作状语。 168 UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD By the Shang Dynasty(around 1600-1046 BCE),these dynasty /'dmasti;NAmE'daI-/ 到商朝（约公元前1600年一前1046年）时， 这些 n.王朝；朝代 symbols had become a well-developed writing system. ⑧此处是过去完成时。“by十过 Over 符号已经演变成一套高度完善的书写体系。 在随 去的时间”作时间状语时，句 子常用过去完成时，表示动作 the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was 在该过去时间点之前已完成。 后的许多年里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居 a time when people were divided geographically,leading to ©lead to引起；导致 住的地域存在分隔， 从而导致不 ④variety/va'raroti/n.(植物、 语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 many varieties of dialects and characters This,however, ④dialect/'darolekt/n.地方话； 同方言和汉字变体的产生。 然而，这在秦朝 方言 changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty ②character/'kaerokto(r)/n.文 (公元前221年一前207年)秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 字；符号；角色；品质；特点 (221-207BCE). ④major/'merd3a(r)/adj.主 要的；重要的；大的n.主修 课程；主修学生i.主修；专 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into 门研究 秦始皇统一了七个诸侯国， ②④of great importance非常重要 of十抽象名词=该名词的同 one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to 根形容词 在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着 ②⑤no matter where/who/what/how develop in one direction.That writing system was of great 不论/不管…（引导让步状 一个方向发展。 这个书写体系对于中国人民和中国文 语从句) ⑥means/minz/n.方式；方法； importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.Even 途径 化的统一具有非凡的意义。 即使 by means of通过；用；借助于 today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect ②@“介词十关系代词”引导定语从 在今天，无论身处何方，也无论说何种方言， 句，修饰“an important means'”, 表示“通过（手段）”，所以用介 they speak,they can all still communicate in writing. 词by。 中国人仍然能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 ②⑧be connected with与…有 联系 Written Chinese has also become an important means2 by ②9 classic/'klaesik/adj.传统 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 的；最优秀的；典型的n经 which China's present is connected with its past.People in 典作品；名著 现代中国 ①which引导定语从句，修饰先 行词“the classic works'”。 modern times can read the classica works which were written by 人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。 NIT ②本句是一个复杂句，as引导原因状语从句；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“time”;“leading to.”是 现在分词短语作结果状语。 ③关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词“one unified country'”,where在从句中作地点状语。 169 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese ①regard/rr'gad/n.尊重；关注 中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现 t.把…视为；看待 writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters 在汉字发展为一种艺术形式一书法。 as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy which has become ②calligraphy/ka'lIgrofi/n.书 书法已经成为中国 法；书法艺术 an important part of Chinese culture. 文化的一个重要组成部分。 Today,the Chinese writing system is still an important part of 今天，汉字仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in global ③as在此引导时间状语从句。 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色， @play a…role in在…方面 起作用 affairs,an increasing number of international students are 5 global/'glaubl/adi.全球的； 越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和 全世界的 beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through affair/a'fea(r)/n.公共事 欣赏中国的文化和历史。 务；事件；关系 ③)a number of许多（修饰可数名 this amazing language. 词复数) the number of…的数量（作 5 Complete the passage with the correct words and phrase 主语时，谓语动词用单数) below.用下面正确的单词和短语完成短文。 图appreciate/o'pri:fielt/vt.欣 system carving means dates back classic civilisation 赏；重视；感激；领会vi. 系统 雕刻手段 追溯 古典的 文明 增值 Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China's 中国书法是伴随中国的文明而发展起来的。 civilisation.It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy ⑨along with和…一起 很难确切地说书法是从什么时候开始的。 started.Chinese writing was first done by carving symbols onto 汉字最初是通过在骨头和壳上雕刻符号来完成的， bones and shells,but as it developed into a writing system,it 但当它发展成一套书写体系时，它也作为一种用 also developed as a form of art done with a brush.It is believed 毛笔来书写的艺术形式而发展。 人们认为，中 4 The high regard for...can be seen in...as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has...culture. 介词短语作定语 谓语儿介词短语作状语 作插入语 非限制性定语从 主语 句，前面的“an art form”是先行词 170 UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty ④④at least至少 国书法的历史至少追溯到汉代（公元前202年一公元220年）。 ④①hat引导同位语从句，补充说 明the idea的具体内容。 (202 BCE-220 CE).Soon after that,the idea developed that ②not only.but also 此后不久，一种观，点形成了， 不但…而且… calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means 认为书法不仅是一种美丽的艺术形式， 而且是展现书写者 of showing the character of the "man behind the brush". 性格的方式。 Today,anyone from small children to old people can enjoy 今天，从小孩到老人，任何人都可以享受练习中国书法这门传统艺术 practising the classic art of Chinese calligraphy. ④③enjoy doing sth..喜欢做某事 的乐趣。 ④be related to与…相关 “they are related to”是定语 6 Guess the meaning of the underlined words in the sentences. 从句，修饰“the words”。 Then look in the text for the words they are related to 5 symbolise.象征 猜测句中画线单词的意思。然后在课文中查找与它们相关的 构词symbol-十-ise→symbolise 单词。 ⑥unlike prep.不像 1.Many Chinese characters symbolise their meanings, ④@which引导定语从句，修饰 许多汉字象征着它们的意思， English words。 unlike English words which are spelt out according to 不像英文单词是根据它们的读音拼读出来的。 how they sound 2.The basic forms of the English writing system are known 英语书写体系的基本形式被称为字母。 as letters. 3.A unified writing system is considered to be an important 统一的书写体系被认为是文明社会的重要组成部分。 ④⑧civilised adj.文明的；开化的 ④⑨appreciation n.理解；欣赏；感 part of civilised society. 激；领会 构词appreciate十-ion→ 4.Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation appreciation 学习中国书法会加深你对中国文化的理解。 后缀意义 UNIT ise动词后缀：成为，使，像。 of Chinese culture. ation/tion/-ion名词后缀： 表行动、过程、结果、状态。 171 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 语言要点精讲 要点1 native 对点例析 (1)adj.出生地的；儿时居住地的 完成句子 native language母语 例1-1（经典·全国高考Ⅱ native land/country故乡/祖国 阅读C·改编)Staying with (一个 (2)adj.当地的；本地的 讲母语的人)is better for 教材语境>Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with children than simply sitting in the most native speakers. a classroom. 听一篇演讲，勾出作为母语使用人数最多的两种语言。 例1-2(2022·全国高考甲 卷阅读B·改编)Goffin's native Americans北美洲的原住民 cockatoos,a kind of small The Glasshouse brought the plants of the southwestern part of parrot (原产 China from their native habitat in Asia to England.(2024·新高 F)Australasia,have been 考全国I语法填空) shown to have similar shape 玻璃温室将中国西南部的植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到了英国。 recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (3)adj.原产于某地的；土产的；当地的 【答案与解析】 搭配be native to原产于 1-1 a native speaker句意： Tigers,which are native to Asia,are only found in zoos in 对孩子们来说，和讲母语的人 South Africa. 待在一起比仅仅坐在教室里 学好多了。 老虎原产于亚洲，在南非，只有在动物园里才能找到。 l-2 native to句意：戈芬氏 (4)n.[C]当地人；本地人；久居某地的人 凤头鹦鹉是一种小型鹦鹉，原 搭配a native of生于…的人；原产于…的动植物 产于澳大拉西亚，已被证明具 While struggling against nature,the natives made use of the 有与人类两岁儿童相似的形 natural resources.当地人在与大自然做斗争的同时利用自然资源。 状识别能力。 单句语法填空 要点2 attitude n.态度；看法 例2-1（经典·北京高考语 attitude to/towards sth.对待某事的态度 法填空·改编)Students should have a proper attitude 词块 have/hold/take a positive/negative/bad attitude college before thinking 持积极的/消极的/不好的态度 about which college to attend. 教材语境〉What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign 例22（经典·北京高考七 选五·改编)The information language learning？说话者对外语学习持怎样的态度？ may be facts or opinions or Your attitude and effort count a lot.(江苏高考任务型阅读) (attitude)or any 你的态度和努力很重要。 combination of these. 172 UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD Students usually have/hold/take a positive attitude towards 【答案与解析】 school if their parents clearly value education. 2-1to/towards句意：学生 如果家长明显地重视教育，学生就通常会对学校持积极态度。 在考虑进入哪所大学之前应 该对大学有一个正确的态度。 比较altitude x.海拔高度 2-2 attitudes句意：这些信 As the saying goes,attitude determines altitude.Nothing is too 息可能是事实、观点、态度或 difficult if you set your mind to it. 这三者的任意组合。 俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。 单句语法填空 要点3 refer vi..提到；参考；查阅vt.提交；使求助于 例3-1(2022·新高考全国 refer to指的是；涉及；提到；参考；查阅 Ⅱ·改编)He made a speech last month, refer) 搭配 refer…to把…提交给；把…托付给 broadly to the need to refer to…as把…称为 improve road safety. refer to a dictionary consult a dictionary 例32（经典·全国高考Ⅲ 词块 =look up sth.in the dictionary查字典 阅读C·改编)Pritzker refer to one's notes参考笔记 Architecture Prize is often referred to the Nobel 教材语境>Pronouns(it,they,she,etc.)refer to something or Prize in architecture. somebody mentioned earlier. 例3-3（2024·全国高考I 代词(it、they、she等)指前面提到的某物或某人。 七选五·改编)I keep two It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(2025. (refer)books close-by 1月浙江高考七选五)这也将为他们提供一份方便查阅的备案。 on my desk:dictionary and In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been thesaurus(同义词词典).I don't trust my laptop's spell- developing and that are still being created.(全国高考Ⅲ阅读C) checker. 事实上，传统也是指那些一直在发展和仍在被创造的事物。 【答案与解析】 She always referred to Ben as“that nice man”. 3-1 referring句意：他上个 她总是称本为“那个大好人”。 月做了一次演讲，大致谈了改 reference n.参考；查阅；参考书目；（意见的）征询 善道路安全的必要性。主语 拓展 for future reference供日后参考 he与动词refer之间是主动关 特别提醒 系，故用现在分词短语作伴随 状语。 以下双音节词（重音在第二个音节）的过去式、过去分 3-2as句意：普利兹克建 词、现在分词需双写字母r。 筑奖常被称为建筑界的诺贝 UNIT 单词 含义 过去式/过去分词 现在分词 尔奖。 33 reference句意：我在书 refer 提到；提及 referred referring 桌上放了两本参考书—词 prefer 更喜欢 preferred preferring 典和同义词词典。我不相信 occur 发生；出现 occurred occurring 我笔记本电脑上的拼写检 infer 推断；暗示 inferred inferring 查器。 173 铺重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ 要点4 despite prep.即使；尽管 用despite或in spite of填空 教材语境>China is widely known for its ancient civilisation 例4-1(2025·湖北省高中 名校联盟高三联考阅读B· which has continued all the way through into modern times, 改编) the gaps in her despite the many ups and downs in its history. education,Suzanne eventually landed a spot at Oxford 尽管历史兴衰起伏，中国以其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。 University. 近义in spite of虽然；尽管；不顾（表示让步，就算某事已经发生 例4-2（经典·天津高考完 还是会去做，后接事实) 形填空·改编)And just in time for the trial performance,I In spite of ups and downs,she never takes her fate lying down was able to maintain power in 尽管遭遇了起起落落，但她从未向命运俯首。 my singing the switch 比较regardless of不管；不顾；无论（不受某事或某种原因的阻 to a head voice. 【答案与解析】 碍，都会去做) 4-1 Despite/In spite of Regardless of danger,he climbed the high tower. 意：尽管教育水平存在差距， 他不顾危险，爬上了高塔。 苏珊娜最终还是在牛津大学 获得了一个名额。 辨析 despite/in spite of although/though 4-2 despite/in spite of 意：就在试演的时候，尽管换 Despite/In spite of the pain,I stayed 介词（短语），可 了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的 the course by walking a bit and then despite/ 接名词（短语）、 能力。 running again.(北京高考阅读A) in spite of代词、动名词（短 尽管很疼，我还是坚持在跑道上走了 语)作宾语 完成句子 一会儿，然后又跑了起来。 例5-1(2025·湖北省高中 Although/Though we all tried our 名校联盟高三联考阅读A· although/ 连词，引导让步 改编)This book takes readers though 状语从句 best,we lost the game.虽然我们都 尽了最大的努力，但还是输了比赛。 on a journey of (他的起起落落). 要点5 ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 例5-2 Despite the many (事业上的起 ups and downs in/of life 起落落)，he still keeps a 生命/人生（中）的起起落落 positive attitude towards life. ups and downs in one's career事业的兴衰 【答案与解析】 5-1 his ups and downs句 ups and downs of a country国家的荣辱 意：这本书带领读者经历他的 Life is full of ups and downs. 起起落落。 人生充满了起起落落。 5-2 ups and downs in his career up and down上上下下；到处；来来往往 单句语法填空 day and night日日夜夜 例6-1 base an 链接 now and then时而；不时 important decision more on emotion than on reason,you back and forth来来回回地 will regret it sooner or later. 174 UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 要点6 base vt..以…为据点；以…为基础n.底部；根据例6-2(2024·北京高考阅 教材语境>At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture- 读C·改编)To facilitate our comprehension of the world, based language.汉字起初是一种基于图形的语言。 we build models base…on以…为根据/基础 (base)on conceptual meta 搭配 be based on/upon以…为根据/基础 phors that are familiar to us. 完成句子 词块at the base of在…的底部 例6-3(2022·1月浙江高 He based his conclusion on the evidence. 考七选五·改编)My choices 他根据证据得出了自己的结论。 (基于) the lifestyle I want. Firstly,do remember that success is based on hard work. 【答案与解析】 首先，一定要记住成功基于努力。 6-1 Basing句意：把重要的 Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes 决定更多地建立在感情上而 不是理性上，你迟早会后悔 based on whatever challenges they're facing..(北京高考适应性测 的。现在分词短语作状语。 试阅读C)多层次的社会也允许动物根据它们所面临的挑战来调整它 6-2 based句意：为了增进 们的群体规模。 我们对世界的理解，我们基于 basic adj.基本的；基础的；根本的 熟悉的概念隐喻建立模型。 拓展 6-3 are based on basically adu.基本上；从根本上说 要点7 date back(to)追湖（到）；始于(=date from) 完成句子 例7-1(2023·全国高考甲 教材语境>It dates back several thousand years to the use of 卷语法填空·改编)The well- longgu…它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期… known Aesop's fables The tradition dates back to the 15th century. (追溯到公元前6 世纪). 这一传统可追溯到15世纪。 例7-2(2023·3月天津高 用法点津 考单选·改编) date back(to)与date from常用于一般现在时态，一般 (追溯到18世 不用于进行时态，作后置定语时，常用现在分词。 纪)，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/dates from 【答案与解析】 my schooldays. 7-1 date back to the sixth 我从学生时代开始就爱好集邮。 century B.C.句意：著名的 伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6 According to the expert,the temple has a history dating 世纪。 back to the early Tang Dynasty. 7-2 Dating back to the 18th UNIT 专家称，这座寺庙的历史可以追溯到初唐时期。 century句意：京剧可以追溯 到18世纪，已有200多年的 历史。 要点8 it/this/that/there was a time when... 单句语法填空 这/那是/曾有一个…的时期 例&-1 It was a time 这个句型中，a time是先行词，when是关系副词，引导定语从句， I was crazy about outdoor 并在从句中作时间状语。 activities. 175 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 教材语境)Over the years,the system developed into different 例8-2（经典·全国高考Ⅱ 阅读C·改编)There was forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically, time when people may leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. have felt awkward about 在随后的许多年里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国 asking for a table for one,but those days are over. 人居住的地域存在分隔，从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。 【答案与解析】 It/This/That was a time when the two countries were at war. 8-1when句意：那个时期 这/那是两国交战的时期。 我对户外活动很狂热。 8-2a句意：曾经，人们可 There was a time when I was getting along well with my 能会因为要一张单人桌而感 classmates..曾经有一段时间我和同学们相处得很好。 到尴尬，但那样的时代已经过 去了。 要点9 variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 单句语法填空 搭配a variety of,/varieties of各种各样的 例9-1(2024·全国高考甲 卷语法填空·改编)The You will find a wide variety of choices available in the school national parks tend to catch canteen.在学校餐厅里你会发现有丰富多样的餐食可供选择 our attention because of their 语法点津 large size and (vary). (l)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓 例9-2（2023·全国高考乙 卷阅读C·改编)Almost one 语动词用复数形式。 third say they now use a (2)the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单 wider various of 数形式。 ingredients(配料)than they used to. The variety of foods at the restaurant is limited. 例9-3(2025·湖北省高中 这家餐馆里食物的品种很有限。 名校联盟高三联考阅读A· various adj.各种各样的 改编)The book gives a look into (vary)aspects of vary v.变化；改变 拓展 her personal life,filled with vary from...to .. light-hearted humor. vary between.and.在…到…之间变化 【答案与解析】 9-1 variety句意：国家公 Art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for 园由于其规模宏大和种类繁 various purposes.(2021·6月天津高考阅读D) 多，往往会引起我们的注意。 世界各国因为各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。 9-2 variety句意：差不多 三分之一的人表示，他们现在 The term "classical music"is used to refer to various types of 使用的食材种类比以前更多。 music.“古典音乐”这个术语被用来指多种类型的音乐。 9-3 various句意：这本书 However,views on this issue vary from person to person. 探讨了她个人生活的各个方 然而，不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 面，充满了轻松幽默。 176