Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元综能检测卷(广东省专用) 2025～2026学年高一上学期英语人教版必修第一册

2025~2026学年高一上学期英语人教版必修一单元综能检测卷 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（培优卷） （满分120分；考试用时120分钟） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A If you have only three minutes to get something that you can take from your home, and the other thing are lost forever, what will you take? The following information will help you. B.O.B． B．O.B．is short for Bug of Bag (求生背包). It’s a bag with a collection of things that are needed for life in it. Reasons to use a B.O.B． When disasters (灾难) like earthquakes and heavy rainstorms happen, many people will have to run away from their homes and they may not return for a long time. They need to continue to live without food, water or a shelter in some unexpected situations. Things in a B.O.B． 1. A sleeping bag, or at least a thin quilt. 2. Drinking water. 3. High-calorie foods, such as chocolate and biscuits. 4. Necessary medicines. 5. Something for making a fire, and a small pot to boil water or cook. 6. A few basic tools like a knife and some ropes. 7. A flashlight. 8. Money. 9. A copy of all your important papers. (Be sure to make a B.O.B．as light as possible.) Places to keep a B.O.B． You should put a B.O.B．at a place where you can get it conveniently when disasters happen. Your home, your car, or your office can be a good place to put it. A B.O.B．is very helpful to the people in need. You’d better prepare more than one B．O.B．if possible. Then think of the difference a B.O.B．will make if those disasters happen. So prepare one now. 1．Many people run away from their homes with a B.O.B．because ________. A．they have to same many people’s lives B．they have no other useful things to take C．they will be able to return in a short time D．they need to continue to live after disasters happen 2．People should make a B.O.B．as ________ as they can. A．huge B．light C．common D．heavy 3．According to the passage, “________” is right. A．Expensive things should be put in a B.O.B．safely. B．People should take a B.O.B．with them everywhere. C．It’s better to prepare more than one B.O.B．if possible. D．People are advised to put some more clothes in a B.O.B． B On May 7th, 1902, on the island of Martinique, Ludgar Sylbaris, the town’s drunk and troublemaker, got thrown into prison. However, it turned out to be the luckiest day of his life. Saint Pierre on Martinique was at the time known as the Paris of Caribbean. It had a big population of 30, 000 people and was a cultural centre. Martinique is home to Mount Pelee, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. In the weeks before Ludgar Sylbaris was thrown into prison, the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity. Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was. Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre because they thought it would be safer there. That was a terrible mistake. The day after Ludgar Sylbaris went into that prison cell, Mount Pelee exploded. And in an instant 3, 000 people were killed. A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. Those who were in shelter found themselves choking as their lungs were burned from the inside out. There was really no escape except for one person, Ludgar Sylbaris. The cell he was in had been built as an armory (军械库) . So it had been built within the thick walls and it happened that the only opening in it faced away from the eruption. Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed (小便) on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering. He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries. 4．What caused so many people to die in the volcano eruption? A．Shortage of survival skills. B．Ignorance of modern Volcanology. C．Lack of good judgement of the threat. D．Unawareness of the volcanic activity signs. 5．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? a. The volcano of Mount Pelee erupted. b. Buildings were flattened and no one escaped. c. Thousands of people fled to the city of Saint Pierre. d. Mount Pelee was showing signs of volcanic activity. e. Ludgar Sylbaris managed to save himself and was rescued. A．dbace B．abdce C．adceb D．dcabe 6．Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A．The cell’s opening faced the eruption. B．The cell was far away from the eruption. C．Ludgar took proper self-rescue measures. D．Ludgar hid in the heavily-guarded armory. 7．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the island of Martinique. B．To inspire people to explore the Mount Pelee. C．To provide ways to survive a volcano eruption. D．To tell the story of a volcano eruption survivor. C When scientists look for an earthquake’s cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it’s the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. “We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds,” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “So, climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan’s Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. “If we’re going into a climate that’s changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth’s crust (地壳) is loaded,” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore.” 8．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A．Introduce the main topic. B．Describe a scientific experiment. C．Present different opinions on earthquakes. D．Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 9．What is the finding of the study? A．Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B．Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C．There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D．Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 10．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The research results will be applied immediately. B．The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C．There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D．More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 11．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Earthquakes B．How to Predict Earthquakes C．Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D．The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes D Carbon stored thousands of years ago is being released by rivers worldwide, according to the findings that suggest human activities are damaging the natural landscape more than previously thought. Researchers already knew rivers release carbon dioxide and methane as part of the global carbon cycle. They are thought to send out around two billion tonnes of this carbon each year. But when Josh Dean from the University of Bristol, UK, and his colleagues set out to determine how old this carbon really is, they found that approximately 60% of the carbon released by rivers worldwide actually originated from stores dating back thousands of years. The team used radioactive dating to assess the age of carbon and methane released from more than 700 river parts across 26 countries. “What really astonished us, when we collected all the data we could get, was that more than half of the carbon being released would be coming from these much older carbon stores,” says Dean. “There is a sort of continuous change, or sideways flow, of these old carbon stores.” Ancient carbon is trapped in rocks, peatlands (泥炭地) and wetlands. The findings suggest that as much as one billion tonnes of it is being released back into the atmosphere each year through rivers. That means plants and soils are removing around one billion tonnes more CO₂ from the atmosphere each year than first thought, to counter this impact. “The pressing question now is why rivers are releasing so much ancient carbon. It could be due to climate change and other human activities disrupting the natural landscape,” says Dean. For example, rising temperatures caused by climate change could be triggering the release of carbon from thawing permafrost, or accelerating the rate of rock weathering. Other activities, such as the draining (排空) of peatlands or drying out of wetlands, could also be contributing. The findings will have implications for how nations draw up their climate plans, by determining how much they rely on the natural landscape to remove ongoing CO₂ emission (排放). 12．How did Josh Dean feel about the findings? A．Amused. B．Surprised. C．Ashamed. D．Depressed. 13．Which of the following primarily address the carbon emission from rivers? A．The researchers. B．The 26 countries. C．Plants and soils. D．Ancient carbon stores. 14．What may Josh Dean advise people to do? A．Explore rivers. B．Protect wetlands. C．Make more plans. D．Release ancient carbon. 15．What may be the best title for the text? A．Scientists discover the new secrets of carbon B．Old rivers contribute to global climate change C．Human activities damage global carbon cycle D．Ancient carbon from rivers reveals climate impact 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The weather forecast calls for a slight chance of thunderstorms, but you can only see a few white clouds overhead. 16 You spend a few minutes warming up and then wait. Is that thunder you hear? Is that a lightning flash? What do you do? Keep playing until the thunder and lightning get close? Or get in your car and drive home? Correct answer: If no substantial, non-concrete shelter is nearby, get in your car and wait out the storm. Why? 17 Although the odds of being struck by lightning are less than 1 in a million, some factors can put you at greater risk. Lightning most often strikes people who work outside or engage in outdoor recreational activities. 18 Florida is considered the “lightning capital” of the country, with more than 2,000 lightning injuries over the past 50 years. From 2009 to 2018, lightning caused an average of 27 deaths per year in the United States. 19 ● If the weather forecast calls for thunderstorms, postpone your trip or activity. ●When thunder rolls, go indoors. Find a safe shelter, such as homes, offices, shopping centers, and hard-top vehicles with the windows rolled up. ● 20 After you see lightning, start counting to 30. If you hear thunder before you reach 30, go indoors. Suspend activities for at least 30 minutes after the last clap of thunder. A．Don’t forget the 30-30 rule. B．Avoid using electronic equipment of all types. C．So you and your tennis partner head for the tennis court. D．Here are some tips to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning. E．Regional differences can also affect your risk of being injured by lightning F．Perform the following actions if you are accidentally caught in an open area. G．Because being outside when lightning is present is not something to take lightly. 二、语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey, a young college student named Asmu decided to help after seeing the disaster himself. He saw the Chinese rescue team come with 21 and skill and do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was. “The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch. They were so 22 ,” Asmu said. “They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks, showing how much they wanted to save lives 23 .” Asmu was very 24 by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue 25 as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team. During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well. They 26 tools and knowledge, using professional kits to 27 for people trapped in the ruins. “It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together,” Asmu said. “Everyone 28 each other, even though they didn’t speak the same language.” One time, they saved a pregnant (怀孕的) woman from a broken building. She was very sick, but the 29 actions of the rescue team saved her life within an hour. Asmu was there, helping with the 30 of the sick and injured, and he saw the woman’s face 31 with happiness when she was sent to a safe area. This teamwork between countries not only saved many lives but also brought a 32 connection between people. Asmu was 33 by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers. “It made me see that when bad things happen, the 34 of working together and being kind during 35 times can make a great difference,” he said. 21．A．determination B．experiment C．curiosity D．confusion 22．A．focused B．frightened C．excited D．relaxed 23．A．confidently B．formally C．quickly D．safely 24．A．worried B．touched C．satisfied D．stressed 25．A．strikes B．competitions C．troubles D．efforts 26．A．commented B．collected C．shared D．designed 27．A．arrange B．care C．search D．fight 28．A．admired B．understood C．debated D．challenged 29．A．common B．obvious C．awkward D．rapid 30．A．transport B．adventure C．contact D．support 31．A．come along B．light up C．work out D．make up 32．A．luckier B．closer C．braver D．smarter 33．A．recognized B．cheated C．sheltered D．impressed 34．A．power B．wisdom C．custom D．means 35．A．extra B．promising C．hard D．annoying 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, 36 (kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 37 (sweep) away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake 38 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a. m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, 2,498 people lost their 39 (life) and one million more were affected 40 (severe) by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In the south of Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children 41 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to 42 (safe).” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and 43 number of deaths is expected to grow even 44 (high) over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads made it difficult 45 (deliver) food and supplies. 三、写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46．上周五你校组织学生参观了自然灾害博物馆（Natural Disaster Museum）。请你用英文为校微信公众号写一篇新闻报道介绍该活动，内容包括： (1)活动目的； (2)活动内容； (3)活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右； 参考词汇：exhibition halls展厅，documentary纪录片；earthquake simulations地震模拟 A visit to the Natural Disaster Museum ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分 ） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语，续写两段使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Another wildly bright lightning along with a thunder cracked in the sky! Mary swiftly threw herself into her Mum’s arms, burying her face into her chest and trembling with fright. “I think we should leave here right away!” She murmured in a crying tone. Instantly, Dad refused her request again for the fact that the city had already been flooded severely. As he saw through their window, the almost three-meter-high floodwater had already surrounded the apartment building like a wide river, several cars floating on it just like boats. “Black out!” Mary gasped fearfully, the wind roaring and the rain beating on the roof and windows, which made her even more nervous in the whole darkness. Mum took Mary’s hand and carefully led her to sit on the sofa, trying her best to comfort her. While she performed calmly, Mary could tell she was nervous too. “Let’s try to find a light source first and then see what other supplies we have.” Dad made an arrangement. Luckily, there was a flashlight, some packages of instant noodles, bread and some drinking water, which may help them get through the toughness for the half of the night. Without saying a single word, Dad turned on the flashlight, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. Only the light of the flashlight could now give them some warmth and a sense of little hope. “What about Mrs. Thomson? Old and weak, she must be extremely helpless.” Mum said with great concern when she thought about their nice neighbor who lived alone upstairs of the same building. After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should go and check whether Mrs. Thomson was fire. Mary, with heavy breath and pounding heart, stood up immediately, ready to bring all their supplies to Mrs. Thomson’s house.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025~2026学年高一上学期英语人教版必修一单元综能检测卷 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（培优卷） （满分120分；考试用时120分钟） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A If you have only three minutes to get something that you can take from your home, and the other thing are lost forever, what will you take? The following information will help you. B.O.B． B．O.B．is short for Bug of Bag (求生背包). It’s a bag with a collection of things that are needed for life in it. Reasons to use a B.O.B． When disasters (灾难) like earthquakes and heavy rainstorms happen, many people will have to run away from their homes and they may not return for a long time. They need to continue to live without food, water or a shelter in some unexpected situations. Things in a B.O.B． 1. A sleeping bag, or at least a thin quilt. 2. Drinking water. 3. High-calorie foods, such as chocolate and biscuits. 4. Necessary medicines. 5. Something for making a fire, and a small pot to boil water or cook. 6. A few basic tools like a knife and some ropes. 7. A flashlight. 8. Money. 9. A copy of all your important papers. (Be sure to make a B.O.B．as light as possible.) Places to keep a B.O.B． You should put a B.O.B．at a place where you can get it conveniently when disasters happen. Your home, your car, or your office can be a good place to put it. A B.O.B．is very helpful to the people in need. You’d better prepare more than one B．O.B．if possible. Then think of the difference a B.O.B．will make if those disasters happen. So prepare one now. 1．Many people run away from their homes with a B.O.B．because ________. A．they have to same many people’s lives B．they have no other useful things to take C．they will be able to return in a short time D．they need to continue to live after disasters happen 2．People should make a B.O.B．as ________ as they can. A．huge B．light C．common D．heavy 3．According to the passage, “________” is right. A．Expensive things should be put in a B.O.B．safely. B．People should take a B.O.B．with them everywhere. C．It’s better to prepare more than one B.O.B．if possible. D．People are advised to put some more clothes in a B.O.B． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍B.O.B.，一种里面装着维持生命所需要的东西的求生背包。 1．细节理解题。根据Reasons to use a B.O.B.下列段落“When disasters (灾难) like earthquakes and heavy rainstorms happen, many people will have to run away from their homes and they may not return for a long time. They need to continue to live without food, water or a shelter in some unexpected situations.(当像地震和暴雨这样的灾难发生时，许多人将不得不逃离他们的家，他们可能会很长一段时间不回来。在一些意想不到的情况下，他们需要在没有食物、水或住所的情况下继续生活。)”可知，人们带着B.O.B.逃离家园是因为灾难发生后，他们需要继续生活。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Things in a B.O.B.下列条目最后的括号内“Be sure to make a B.O.B. as light as possible. (一定要让B.O.B.尽可能轻。)”可知，人们应该尽可能使一个B.O.B.轻一些。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A B.O.B. is very helpful to the people in need. You’d better prepare more than one B.O.B. if possible. (B.O.B.对有需要的人很有帮助。如果可能的话，你最好准备多个B.O.B。)”可知，选项C“如果可能的话，最好准备多个B.O.B.。”是正确的。故选C项。 B On May 7th, 1902, on the island of Martinique, Ludgar Sylbaris, the town’s drunk and troublemaker, got thrown into prison. However, it turned out to be the luckiest day of his life. Saint Pierre on Martinique was at the time known as the Paris of Caribbean. It had a big population of 30, 000 people and was a cultural centre. Martinique is home to Mount Pelee, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. In the weeks before Ludgar Sylbaris was thrown into prison, the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity. Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was. Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre because they thought it would be safer there. That was a terrible mistake. The day after Ludgar Sylbaris went into that prison cell, Mount Pelee exploded. And in an instant 3, 000 people were killed. A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. Those who were in shelter found themselves choking as their lungs were burned from the inside out. There was really no escape except for one person, Ludgar Sylbaris. The cell he was in had been built as an armory (军械库) . So it had been built within the thick walls and it happened that the only opening in it faced away from the eruption. Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed (小便) on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering. He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries. 4．What caused so many people to die in the volcano eruption? A．Shortage of survival skills. B．Ignorance of modern Volcanology. C．Lack of good judgement of the threat. D．Unawareness of the volcanic activity signs. 5．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? a. The volcano of Mount Pelee erupted. b. Buildings were flattened and no one escaped. c. Thousands of people fled to the city of Saint Pierre. d. Mount Pelee was showing signs of volcanic activity. e. Ludgar Sylbaris managed to save himself and was rescued. A．dbace B．abdce C．adceb D．dcabe 6．Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A．The cell’s opening faced the eruption. B．The cell was far away from the eruption. C．Ludgar took proper self-rescue measures. D．Ludgar hid in the heavily-guarded armory. 7．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the island of Martinique. B．To inspire people to explore the Mount Pelee. C．To provide ways to survive a volcano eruption. D．To tell the story of a volcano eruption survivor. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个真实的历史事件——1902年培雷山火山爆发的灾难，以及一个名为Ludgar Sylbaris如何让因为被关在监狱中而意外生还的故事。   4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was.(由于缺乏现代火山学，人们仍然感觉到有事将要发生，但他们并不真正了解威胁的大小或危险性。) ”可知， 尽管人们意识到了火山活动的迹象，但由于缺乏现代火山学知识，他们未能准确判断情况的严重性，导致误判和错误的应对措施。这反映了对火山威胁的判断力不足。故选C。 5．细节理解题。文章第三段“the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity.(马提尼克岛上的火山显示出火山活动的迹象)”对应d；然后提到“Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre.(成千上万的人离开农村来到圣皮埃尔市)”，对应c；第四段“Mount Pelee exploded.(贝利山喷发了)”对应a；然后提到“A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. (压力波夷平了每一栋建筑。任何不幸在外面的人都会立即被烧死)”，对应a；最后一段“He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries.(他仍然严重烧伤，直到四天后救援人员听到他的哭声才被发现)”对应e。所以文章先提及培雷山的火山活动迹象，然后是人们逃往圣皮埃尔市，接着是火山爆发，之后是建筑被毁和人员的伤亡，最后是Ludgar Sylbaris的生还。正确的顺序是 dcabe。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据问题，答案可以定位到文章最后一段。根据原文“Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering.(即便如此，高温的空气开始从门下方涌入。随着牢房温度剧增，他被迫脱下衣服，塞在门下，并在衣服上小便，试图阻止热空气进入。)”可知，Ludgar Sylbaris 在极端环境下采取了脱衣服、塞门缝，并在衣服上小便的方式来避免热空气伤害，这些行为属于适当的自救措施。故选C。 7．推理判断题。 根据文章的结构，作者段首介绍了故事的人物和背景，段尾讲述了故事的结局。通过阅读全文，可以看出文章按照时间顺序讲述了培雷山火山爆发的故事，并重点讲述了Ludgar Sylbaris作为幸存者的故事。文章的目的是讲述一个火山爆发幸存者的故事。故选D。 C When scientists look for an earthquake’s cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it’s the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. “We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds,” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “So, climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan’s Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. “If we’re going into a climate that’s changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth’s crust (地壳) is loaded,” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore.” 8．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A．Introduce the main topic. B．Describe a scientific experiment. C．Present different opinions on earthquakes. D．Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 9．What is the finding of the study? A．Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B．Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C．There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D．Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 10．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The research results will be applied immediately. B．The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C．There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D．More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 11．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Earthquakes B．How to Predict Earthquakes C．Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D．The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．D 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震的传统成因，如地壳板块碰撞和地下断层移动，并报道了MIT科学家最新的研究发现，即特定的天气事件，例如大雪和降雨，可能对某些地震的发生起到促进作用。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”可知，作者在第一段中主要介绍了麻省理工学院科学家发现的新内容，即“某些天气事件可能在引发地震方面发挥作用”，暗示文章将讨论关于地震的新见解。由此推知，作者在第一段中的目的是介绍文章的主要话题。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”以及第二段中“The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. (该研究首次表明气候条件可能导致一些地震)”可知，研究发现某些天气事件可能有助于引发地震。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. (科学家们怀疑，地震与气候之间的这种新联系可能不仅限于日本，也可能对世界其他地区产生影响)”以及最后一段中“That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore. (这肯定会有影响，这是我们可以进一步探讨的联系)”可知，对于气候和地震之间的联系科学家怀疑不仅限于日本，且研究者认为这是一个可以进一步探讨的联系。由此推知，将来他们将会对气候和地震之间的联系进行更多的研究。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”以及倒数第二段中“Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. (展望未来，他们预测，随着全球变暖，气候对地震的影响可能会更加明显)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现了气候条件与地震之间的一个新联系，并且预测，随着全球变暖，气候对地震的影响可能会更加明显。由此可知，C项“气候和地震：新的联系”适合作文章标题。故选C。 D Carbon stored thousands of years ago is being released by rivers worldwide, according to the findings that suggest human activities are damaging the natural landscape more than previously thought. Researchers already knew rivers release carbon dioxide and methane as part of the global carbon cycle. They are thought to send out around two billion tonnes of this carbon each year. But when Josh Dean from the University of Bristol, UK, and his colleagues set out to determine how old this carbon really is, they found that approximately 60% of the carbon released by rivers worldwide actually originated from stores dating back thousands of years. The team used radioactive dating to assess the age of carbon and methane released from more than 700 river parts across 26 countries. “What really astonished us, when we collected all the data we could get, was that more than half of the carbon being released would be coming from these much older carbon stores,” says Dean. “There is a sort of continuous change, or sideways flow, of these old carbon stores.” Ancient carbon is trapped in rocks, peatlands (泥炭地) and wetlands. The findings suggest that as much as one billion tonnes of it is being released back into the atmosphere each year through rivers. That means plants and soils are removing around one billion tonnes more CO₂ from the atmosphere each year than first thought, to counter this impact. “The pressing question now is why rivers are releasing so much ancient carbon. It could be due to climate change and other human activities disrupting the natural landscape,” says Dean. For example, rising temperatures caused by climate change could be triggering the release of carbon from thawing permafrost, or accelerating the rate of rock weathering. Other activities, such as the draining (排空) of peatlands or drying out of wetlands, could also be contributing. The findings will have implications for how nations draw up their climate plans, by determining how much they rely on the natural landscape to remove ongoing CO₂ emission (排放). 12．How did Josh Dean feel about the findings? A．Amused. B．Surprised. C．Ashamed. D．Depressed. 13．Which of the following primarily address the carbon emission from rivers? A．The researchers. B．The 26 countries. C．Plants and soils. D．Ancient carbon stores. 14．What may Josh Dean advise people to do? A．Explore rivers. B．Protect wetlands. C．Make more plans. D．Release ancient carbon. 15．What may be the best title for the text? A．Scientists discover the new secrets of carbon B．Old rivers contribute to global climate change C．Human activities damage global carbon cycle D．Ancient carbon from rivers reveals climate impact 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现河流正在释放数千年前储存的碳，这表明人类活动对自然地貌的破坏比之前认为的更为严重，同时探讨了这一发现对气候计划的影响。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中Josh Dean的话“What really astonished us, when we collected all the data we could get, was that more than half of the carbon being released would be coming from these much old carbon stores (当我们收集到所有能得到的数据时，真正让我们吃惊的是，释放出来的碳中有一半以上来自这些古老的碳储存)”可知，Josh Dean对这一发现感到惊讶。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings suggest that as much as one billion tonnes of it is being released back into the atmosphere each year through rivers. That means plants and soils are removing around one billion tonnes more CO₂ from the atmosphere each year than first thought, to counter this impact. (研究结果表明，每年有多达10亿吨的碳通过河流被释放回大气中。这意味着植物和土壤每年从大气中清除的二氧化碳比最初想象的要多10亿吨左右，以抵消这种影响。)”可知，植物和土壤主要解决河流的碳排放问题。故选C项。 14．推理判断题。根据第五段中Josh Dean的话“The pressing question now is why rivers are releasing so much ancient carbon. It could be due to climate change and other human activities disrupting the natural landscape (现在最紧迫的问题是为什么河流会释放出这么多古老的碳。这可能是由于气候变化和其他人类活动破坏了自然地貌)”和“Other activities, such as the draining (排空) of peatlands or drying out of wetlands, could also be contributing. (其他活动，如泥炭地的排空或湿地的干涸，也可能是原因之一。)”可知，Josh Dean认为人类活动破坏了自然地貌，这可能是导致了古老的碳储存释放的原因之一。所以他可能会建议人们减少对自然地貌的破坏，保护湿地是其中之一。故选B项。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Carbon stored thousands of years ago is being released by rivers worldwide, according to the findings that suggest human activities are damaging the natural landscape more than previously thought. (最新研究表明，封存数千年的古老碳正通过全球河流系统持续释放，这项发现揭示人类活动对自然地貌的破坏程度远超既往认知。)”和最后一段“The findings will have implications for how nations draw up their climate plans, by determining how much they rely on the natural landscape to remove ongoing CO₂ emission (排放). (这项发现将对各国制定气候计划产生重要影响——需要重新评估自然生态系统在持续二氧化碳排放过程中实际承担的碳清除能力。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现河流正在释放数千年前储存的碳，并依次呈现了证据链条(如研究人员对全球多个国家河流的研究)、形成机制(如气候变暖、泥炭地排水、湿地干涸等人类活动导致)以及气候影响(植物和土壤清除二氧化碳的量比最初想象的多，这一发现对各国制定气候计划有影响)等内容。D选项“Ancient carbon from rivers reveals climate impact (河流中的古代碳揭示气候影响)”完整涵盖了研究对象(古老的碳)、释放途径(河流)与科学价值(揭示气候影响)，能够准确概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The weather forecast calls for a slight chance of thunderstorms, but you can only see a few white clouds overhead. 16 You spend a few minutes warming up and then wait. Is that thunder you hear? Is that a lightning flash? What do you do? Keep playing until the thunder and lightning get close? Or get in your car and drive home? Correct answer: If no substantial, non-concrete shelter is nearby, get in your car and wait out the storm. Why? 17 Although the odds of being struck by lightning are less than 1 in a million, some factors can put you at greater risk. Lightning most often strikes people who work outside or engage in outdoor recreational activities. 18 Florida is considered the “lightning capital” of the country, with more than 2,000 lightning injuries over the past 50 years. From 2009 to 2018, lightning caused an average of 27 deaths per year in the United States. 19 ● If the weather forecast calls for thunderstorms, postpone your trip or activity. ●When thunder rolls, go indoors. Find a safe shelter, such as homes, offices, shopping centers, and hard-top vehicles with the windows rolled up. ● 20 After you see lightning, start counting to 30. If you hear thunder before you reach 30, go indoors. Suspend activities for at least 30 minutes after the last clap of thunder. A．Don’t forget the 30-30 rule. B．Avoid using electronic equipment of all types. C．So you and your tennis partner head for the tennis court. D．Here are some tips to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning. E．Regional differences can also affect your risk of being injured by lightning F．Perform the following actions if you are accidentally caught in an open area. G．Because being outside when lightning is present is not something to take lightly. 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．E 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遇到雷暴天气应该怎么做。 16．下文“You spend a few minutes warming up and then wait.(你花几分钟热身，然后等待)”说明此时热身是因为要准备开始运动。C项“So you and your tennis partner head for the tennis court.(所以你和你的网球伙伴去了网球场)”与下文相一致，符合语境。故选C。 17．空前“Correct answer: If no substantial, non-concrete shelter is nearby, get in your car and wait out the storm. Why?(正确答案是：如果附近没有坚固的非混凝土遮蔽处，就钻进车里躲避风暴直至其结束。为什么呢?)”提到了为什么上车等待，下文要给出原因。G项“Because being outside when lightning is present is not something to take lightly.(因为当闪电出现的时候待在外面不能掉以轻心)”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 18．下文“Florida is considered the “lightning capital” of the country, with more than 2,000 lightning injuries over the past 50 years.(佛罗里达州被认为是美国的“闪电之都”，在过去的50年里，有2000多人被闪电伤害)”举佛罗里达州的例子说明该地区是发生雷击最多的地方之一。E项“Regional differences can also affect your risk of being injured by lightning.(地区差异也会影响你被闪电击伤的风险)”说明地区差异会对闪电伤害风险有影响，引起下文的例子，符合语境。故选E。 19．由下文“If the weather forecast calls for thunderstorms, postpone your trip or activity.(如果天气预报称会有雷暴，推迟你的行程或活动)”并结合下文给的三条遇到雷暴天气如何做的建议可知，D项“Here are some tips to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning.(以下是一些能降低你被闪电击中风险的建议)”符合语境，引起下文的建议，故选D。 20．下文“After you see lightning, start counting to 30. If you hear thunder before you reach 30, go indoors. Suspend activities for at least 30 minutes after the last clap of thunder.(看到闪电后，开始数到30。如果你在30之前听到雷声，就到室内去。在最后一次打雷后，暂停活动至少30分钟)”解释了30-30的做法，A选项“Don’t forget the 30-30 rule.(不要忘记30-30法则)”引出了下文的30-30的做法，符合语境。故选A。 二、语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey, a young college student named Asmu decided to help after seeing the disaster himself. He saw the Chinese rescue team come with 21 and skill and do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was. “The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch. They were so 22 ,” Asmu said. “They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks, showing how much they wanted to save lives 23 .” Asmu was very 24 by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue 25 as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team. During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well. They 26 tools and knowledge, using professional kits to 27 for people trapped in the ruins. “It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together,” Asmu said. “Everyone 28 each other, even though they didn’t speak the same language.” One time, they saved a pregnant (怀孕的) woman from a broken building. She was very sick, but the 29 actions of the rescue team saved her life within an hour. Asmu was there, helping with the 30 of the sick and injured, and he saw the woman’s face 31 with happiness when she was sent to a safe area. This teamwork between countries not only saved many lives but also brought a 32 connection between people. Asmu was 33 by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers. “It made me see that when bad things happen, the 34 of working together and being kind during 35 times can make a great difference,” he said. 21．A．determination B．experiment C．curiosity D．confusion 22．A．focused B．frightened C．excited D．relaxed 23．A．confidently B．formally C．quickly D．safely 24．A．worried B．touched C．satisfied D．stressed 25．A．strikes B．competitions C．troubles D．efforts 26．A．commented B．collected C．shared D．designed 27．A．arrange B．care C．search D．fight 28．A．admired B．understood C．debated D．challenged 29．A．common B．obvious C．awkward D．rapid 30．A．transport B．adventure C．contact D．support 31．A．come along B．light up C．work out D．make up 32．A．luckier B．closer C．braver D．smarter 33．A．recognized B．cheated C．sheltered D．impressed 34．A．power B．wisdom C．custom D．means 35．A．extra B．promising C．hard D．annoying 【答案】 21．A 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了土耳其大地震后，大学生Asmu被中国救援队的高效与奉献精神感动，加入志愿者行列，见证了两国救援队紧密合作救出孕妇的感人场景，体会到团结一致与善意的力量。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到了中国救援队的决心和技能，无论情况多么困难，他们都在尽最大努力拯救人们。A. determination决心；B. experiment实验；C. curiosity好奇心；D. confusion困惑。根据下文“do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was”可知，无论情况多么困难，中国救援队都在尽最大努力拯救人们，因此是指看到了他们的决心。故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他们非常专注”Asmu说。A. focused专注的；B. frightened害怕的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch.”可知，中国救援队只花了15分钟吃午饭，是想尽快投入救援工作，说明他们非常专注。故选A。 23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们没有浪费任何时间，即使是在休息时间，这表明他们多么想尽快拯救生命。A. confidently自信地；B. formally正式地；C. quickly快速地；D. safely安全地。根据上文“They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks”可知，即使是在休息时间，中国救援队也没有浪费任何时间，这表明他们想尽快拯救生命。故选C。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的辛勤工作非常感动，随后作为志愿者司机加入了中国救援队的救援任务。A. worried担心的；B. touched感动的；C. satisfied满意的；D. stressed有压力的。根据下文“by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue ___5___ as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team.”可知，救援人员的辛勤工作让Asmu很感动，令他也采取行动，为地震后的救援出一份力。故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的辛勤工作非常感动，随后作为志愿者司机加入了中国救援队的救援任务。A. strikes罢工；B. competitions比赛；C. troubles麻烦；D. efforts特别任务。根据下文“as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team”可知，Asmu成为一名志愿者司机，这是加入了救援任务中。故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们分享工具和知识，使用专业工具寻找被困在废墟中的人。A. commented评论；B. collected收集；C. shared分享；D. designed设计。根据上文“During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well.”可知，中国和土耳其救援队合作得非常好，因此是指分享工具和知识。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们分享工具和知识，使用专业工具寻找被困在废墟中的人。A. arrange安排；B. care关心；C. search搜寻；D. fight战斗。根据下文“for people trapped in the ruins”可知，两国的救援队是在合作寻找被困在废墟中的人。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都能相互理解，即使他们说的不是同一种语言。A. admired钦佩；B. understood理解；C. debated辩论；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together”可知，两国的救援队交谈和合作的很好，因此是指虽然语言不同，但每个人都能相互理解。故选B。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她病得很重，但救援队的迅速行动在一小时内救了她的命。A. common常见的；B. obvious明显的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. rapid迅速的。根据下文“saved her life within an hour”可知，救援队在一小时内救了这位孕妇的命，因此是指迅速的行动。故选D。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Asmu当时在那里，帮助运送伤病员。A. transport运输；B. adventure冒险；C. contact联系；D. support支持。根据上文“as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team”可知，Asmu是志愿者司机，因此是指帮助运送伤病员。故选A。 31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这位妇女被送到安全地带时，他看到她脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。A. come along取得进展；B. light up流露出兴奋；C. work out解决；D. make up编造。根据下文“with happiness when she was sent to a safe area”可知，因为被送到安全地带，这名孕妇的脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。故选B。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国与国之间的这种合作不仅挽救了许多人的生命，也拉近了人们之间的联系。A. luckier更幸运的；B. closer更近的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据上文“This teamwork between countries”可知，国与国之间的这种合作还有凝聚人心的作用，能拉近人们之间的联系。故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的团结和善良印象深刻。A. recognized认出；B. cheated欺骗；C. sheltered庇护；D. impressed留下印象。根据下文“by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers”可知，救援人员的团结和善良会令Asmu印象深刻。故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这让我明白，当不好的事情发生时，在困难时期团结一致和善良的力量可以带来很大的不同。”A. power力量；B. wisdom智慧；C. custom习俗；D. means手段。根据上文叙述的中国救援队的奉献精神，两国救援队之间的合作，以及下文“of working together and being kind”可知，团结一致和善良在这场地震救援中展现了其力量。故选A。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这让我明白，当不好的事情发生时，在困难时期团结一致、善良的力量可以带来很大的不同。”A. extra额外的；B. promising有前途的；C. hard困难的；D. annoying烦人的。根据上文“In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey”可知，此处呼应开头描述的地震后的情境，指困难时期展现出的团结一致和善良。故选C。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, 36 (kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 37 (sweep) away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake 38 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a. m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, 2,498 people lost their 39 (life) and one million more were affected 40 (severe) by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In the south of Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children 41 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to 42 (safe).” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and 43 number of deaths is expected to grow even 44 (high) over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads made it difficult 45 (deliver) food and supplies. 【答案】 36．killing 37．were swept 38．that/which 39．lives 40．severely 41．when 42．safety 43．the 44．higher 45．to deliver 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了过去40年里最强烈的地震引发海啸，冲击亚洲海岸线，导致印尼、印度等多国人员伤亡和财产损失，以及后续救援情况。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：过去40年里最强烈的地震引发了一场海啸，昨天冲击了整个亚洲的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成6500多人死亡。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，earthquake与kill为主动关系，用现在分词killing。故填killing。 37．考查动词语态。句意：渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被达到9.0级的强烈地震引起的巨浪卷走。此处为谓语动词，主语与sweep为被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为were swept。故填were swept。 38．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为earthquake，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 39．考查名词复数。句意：政府官员说，在距离地震中心以西约1600公里的斯里兰卡，2498人丧生，另有100多万人受到海啸的严重影响。life表示“生命”时为可数名词，根据2,498 people可知用复数形式lives。故填lives。 40．考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰动词were affected，用severe的副词severely，意为“严重地”。故填severely。 41．考查连词。句意：当地泰国妇女钱德拉·西拉维特说：“我正在和我的三个孩子吃早餐，这时水开始灌满我的家。我们不得不放下一切，跑向安全的地方。” 此处为固定句型was doing...when...，意为“正在做……这时……”，用连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 42．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作run to的宾语，用safe的名词safety，意为“安全的地方”，为不可数名词。故填safety。 43．考查冠词。句意：仍有数千人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还会进一步上升。此处为固定搭配the number of，意为“……的数量”，用定冠词the。故填the。 44．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据空前的even可知，此处使用形容词比较级higher，意为“更高的”。故填higher。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，危险的条件和受损的道路使得运送食物和物资变得困难。此处为固定句型“make it + adj. + to do sth”.，其中it为形式宾语，所以此处使用动词不定式to deliver作真正的宾语。故填to deliver。 三、写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46．上周五你校组织学生参观了自然灾害博物馆（Natural Disaster Museum）。请你用英文为校微信公众号写一篇新闻报道介绍该活动，内容包括： (1)活动目的； (2)活动内容； (3)活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右； 参考词汇：exhibition halls展厅，documentary纪录片；earthquake simulations地震模拟 A visit to the Natural Disaster Museum ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A visit to the Natural Disaster Museum In order to raise the risk awareness of natural disasters, our school organized students to visit the Natural Disaster Museum last Friday. During the visit, students were exposed to a series of pictures and videos of various natural disasters like earthquake, flood, landslide and forest fires. Afterwards, an expert gave a lecture, from which students learned some basic ways to deal with different natural disasters. Undoubtedly, what they experienced in the museum was impressive and educational. This activity turned out an enormous success. Not only did the students have their survival skills boosted, but also they were deeply convinced of the importance of staying in harmony with nature. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校微信公众号撰写一篇新闻报道，介绍学校组织学生参观自然灾害博物馆的活动。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 意识：awareness → consciousness 各种各样的：various → diverse 演讲：lecture → speech 增强：boost → enhance 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to raise the risk awareness of natural disasters, our school organized students to visit the Natural Disaster Museum last Friday. 拓展句：Our school organized students to visit the Natural Disaster Museum last Friday, which aimed to raise the risk awareness of natural disasters. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Afterwards, an expert gave a lecture, from which students learned some basic ways to deal with different natural disasters. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Undoubtedly, what they experienced in the museum was impressive and educational. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 第二节（满分25分 ） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语，续写两段使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Another wildly bright lightning along with a thunder cracked in the sky! Mary swiftly threw herself into her Mum’s arms, burying her face into her chest and trembling with fright. “I think we should leave here right away!” She murmured in a crying tone. Instantly, Dad refused her request again for the fact that the city had already been flooded severely. As he saw through their window, the almost three-meter-high floodwater had already surrounded the apartment building like a wide river, several cars floating on it just like boats. “Black out!” Mary gasped fearfully, the wind roaring and the rain beating on the roof and windows, which made her even more nervous in the whole darkness. Mum took Mary’s hand and carefully led her to sit on the sofa, trying her best to comfort her. While she performed calmly, Mary could tell she was nervous too. “Let’s try to find a light source first and then see what other supplies we have.” Dad made an arrangement. Luckily, there was a flashlight, some packages of instant noodles, bread and some drinking water, which may help them get through the toughness for the half of the night. Without saying a single word, Dad turned on the flashlight, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. Only the light of the flashlight could now give them some warmth and a sense of little hope. “What about Mrs. Thomson? Old and weak, she must be extremely helpless.” Mum said with great concern when she thought about their nice neighbor who lived alone upstairs of the same building. After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should go and check whether Mrs. Thomson was fire. Mary, with heavy breath and pounding heart, stood up immediately, ready to bring all their supplies to Mrs. Thomson’s house.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. The water had already seeped into the stairwell, making each step slippery and dangerous. Mary clung tightly to her parents’hands, her heart pounding with a mix of fear and determination. When they finally reached Mrs. Thomson’s door, Dad knocked gently but firmly. After what felt like an eternity, the door creaked open, revealing Mrs. Thomson’s frightened face. “Thank goodness you’re here!” she whispered, her voice trembling. They quickly helped her gather her essential belongings and led her back downstairs to their apartment, where they all huddled together, finding comfort in each other's presence.   Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. “Look!” Mary exclaimed, pointing excitedly. Dad grabbed the flashlight and waved it back and forth, signaling for help. Within minutes, they heard the sound of voices and the gentle lapping of the boat against the building. The rescue team arrived just in time, helping them all into the boat and to safety. As they sailed away from the flooded apartment, Mary looked back, feeling grateful for the bravery and love that had kept them together through the storm. 【导语】本文以一场突如其来的洪水为背景展开。在洪水肆虐、城市被淹的危急时刻，Mary一家在停电的黑暗中，不仅关心自身的安危，还牵挂着独居楼上、年老体弱的邻居Mrs. Thomson。在决定去查看并帮助她的过程中，他们展现了在灾难面前的互助与关爱。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“在黑暗中，他们互相扶持，借着手电筒的光一步一步地上楼。”可知，第一段可以描写他们上楼找到Mrs. Thomson并带她一起下楼的过程。 ②由第二段句首内容“突然，一束来自救援船的探照灯扫过Mrs. Thomson的窗户。”可知，第二段可以描写他们获救的过程以及获救后的感受。 2.续写线索：上楼找Mrs. Thomson——带她一起下楼——探照灯扫过窗户——呼救——获救——感激 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①抓紧：cling tightly to/grasp firmly ②跳动：pound/beat ③显露；出现：reveal/appear ④颤抖：temble/shake 情绪类 ①害怕的：frightened/scared ②感激的：grateful/appreciative 【点睛】【高分句型1】The water had already seeped into the stairwell, making each step slippery and dangerous.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】As they sailed away from the flooded apartment, Mary looked back, feeling grateful for the bravery and love that had kept them together through the storm.（运用了As引导的时间状语从句、分词作状语以及that引导的定语从句） 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $