Unit 5 Natural Disasters.词汇拓展短语（二）清单-2025-2026学年高中英语重大版必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦重大版必修2 Unit 5 Natural Disasters主题，系统梳理122个核心词汇拓展短语。涵盖灾害相关动词搭配（如rely on, take measures）、名词组合（如disaster relief, rescue operation）等，通过基础短语与拓展搭配的层级呈现，构建从词汇积累到情境应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“主题归类+情境示例”为特色，每个短语均配中英对照灾害情境例句，助力学生在真实语境中提升语言能力。通过近义短语对比（如admit a mistake/admit being wrong）和跨场景迁移（如prepare in advance/book tickets in advance），培养思维品质与学习能力，为单元写作和口语表达提供丰富素材。

重大版 必修2 Unit 5 Natural Disasters.词汇拓展短语（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 an extremely large number of people 非常多的人 After the flood, an extremely large number of people volunteered to help carry relief supplies to the affected areas.（洪水过后，非常多的人自愿帮忙把救济物资运到受灾地区。） 2 an extremely large number of trees 非常多的树 The typhoon blew down an extremely large number of trees, blocking most roads in the small town.（台风刮倒了非常多的树，阻断了小镇里的大部分道路。） 3 have a bath every day 每天洗澡 She has a bath every day before going to bed, which helps her relax after a tiring day at school.（她每天睡前洗澡，这能帮助她在疲惫的学校生活后放松下来。） 4 have a hot bath 洗个热水澡 After working in the cold rain for hours, he went home and had a hot bath to warm himself up.（在冰冷的雨里工作了几个小时后，他回家洗了个热水澡取暖。） 5 rely on technology 依靠技术 During the earthquake rescue, rescuers rely on technology like life detectors to find trapped survivors.（地震救援期间，救援人员依靠生命探测仪等技术寻找被困幸存者。） 6 rely on the government 依靠政府 When the village was hit by a landslide, the villagers had to rely on the government to provide temporary shelters and food.（村子遭遇滑坡时，村民们不得不依靠政府提供临时住所和食物。） 7 take measures to prevent floods 采取措施防洪 The local government has built more dams and drainage systems to take measures to prevent floods during the rainy season.（当地政府修建了更多水坝和排水系统，采取措施在雨季防洪。） 8 take measures to protect the environment 采取措施保护环境 Our school organizes tree-planting activities every spring to take measures to protect the environment.（我们学校每年春天组织植树活动，采取措施保护环境。） 9 prepare in advance 提前准备 Knowing a typhoon was coming, the family prepared in advance by buying enough food and fixing the windows.（知道台风要来了，这家人提前准备，买了足够的食物并加固了窗户。） 10 book tickets in advance 提前订票 They planned to travel during the National Day holiday, so they booked train tickets in advance to avoid missing the trip.（他们计划国庆假期出行，所以提前订了火车票，避免错过行程。） 11 admit a mistake 承认错误 After realizing he had broken his friend’s notebook, he apologized and admitted his mistake sincerely.（意识到自己弄坏了朋友的笔记本后，他道歉并真诚地承认了错误。） 12 admit being wrong 承认自己错了 She finally admitted being wrong about doubting her classmate’s honesty, and the two became friends again.（她最终承认自己怀疑同学诚实是错的，两人又成了朋友。） 13 environmental impact 环境影响 The construction of the new factory may have a negative environmental impact, so experts are studying ways to reduce it.（新工厂的建设可能会产生负面环境影响，专家们正在研究减少影响的方法。） 14 impact on life 对生活的影响 The heavy snow had a big impact on life—schools were closed and public transport was delayed.（大雪对生活影响很大，学校停课，公共交通延误。） 15 donate money 捐款 After the earthquake, people from all over the country donated money to help the victims rebuild their homes.（地震后，全国各地的人们捐款帮助灾民重建家园。） 16 donate clothes 捐赠衣服 Our class organized a campaign to donate clothes to children in poor mountain areas, collecting over 200 pieces.（我们班组织了向贫困山区儿童捐赠衣服的活动，收集了200多件。） 17 disaster volunteer 灾难志愿者 He quit his temporary job to work as a disaster volunteer, helping distribute relief supplies to those in need.（他辞掉临时工作，成为一名灾难志愿者，帮忙给有需要的人分发救济物资。） 18 volunteer work 志愿工作 She spends every weekend doing volunteer work at the animal shelter, taking care of abandoned cats and dogs.（她每个周末都在动物收容所做志愿工作，照顾被遗弃的猫狗。） 19 attempt to rescue 试图营救 The firefighters made every attempt to rescue the old man trapped in the burning house.（消防员尽一切努力试图营救被困在燃烧房屋里的老人。） 20 make an attempt 做出尝试 Even though the task was difficult, she made an attempt to finish it before the deadline.（尽管任务很难，她还是做出尝试，想在截止日期前完成。） 21 English composition 英语作文 The teacher asked us to write an English composition about our most unforgettable experience during the summer vacation.（老师让我们写一篇英语作文，主题是暑假里最难忘的经历。） 22 write a composition 写作文 He stayed up late to write a composition about environmental protection, using many examples he had observed.（他熬夜写一篇关于环境保护的作文，用了很多自己观察到的例子。） 23 affect people's lives 影响人们的生活 The drought in the area has affected people's lives seriously, with many farmers unable to grow crops.（该地区的干旱严重影响了人们的生活，许多农民无法种植庄稼。） 24 affect the environment 影响环境 Littering in the park can affect the environment, making it dirty and harmful to animals.（在公园乱扔垃圾会影响环境，让环境变脏，还对动物有害。） 25 natural landscape 自然风景 The volcanic eruption changed the natural landscape of the area, turning green hills into black rock fields.（火山喷发改变了该地区的自然风景，把青山变成了黑色的岩石地。） 26 mountain landscape 山地地形 They went hiking in the mountains and were amazed by the beautiful mountain landscape with waterfalls and green forests.（他们去山里徒步，被有瀑布和绿林的美丽山地地形惊呆了。） 27 water flow 水流 The heavy rain increased the water flow in the river, making it too dangerous for children to play nearby.（大雨增加了河里的水流，孩子们在附近玩耍变得非常危险。） 28 flow down the river 顺河流淌 After the snow melted, the water flowed down the river, carrying small stones and leaves along the way.（积雪融化后，水顺河流淌，沿途带着小石子和树叶。） 29 drinkable liquid 可饮用液体 After the earthquake, the rescuers gave the trapped people drinkable liquid like mineral water to keep them alive.（地震后，救援人员给被困人员提供矿泉水等可饮用液体，维持他们的生命。） 30 liquid state 液态 The science teacher showed the students how to change water from a solid state to a liquid state by heating it.（科学老师给学生们演示了如何通过加热把水从固态变成液态。） 31 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 The news reported a volcanic eruption on the small island, forcing all residents to evacuate to the mainland.（新闻报道了这座小岛发生火山喷发，迫使所有居民撤离到大陆。） 32 eruption of lava 熔岩喷发 The eruption of lava from the volcano destroyed several villages, leaving nothing but black ash.（火山熔岩喷发摧毁了几个村庄，只留下黑色的火山灰。） 33 volcano erupts 火山喷发 Scientists warned that the volcano might erupt at any time, so the government advised people to leave the area.（科学家警告这座火山可能随时喷发，政府建议人们离开该地区。） 34 conflict erupts 冲突爆发 A small argument between the two boys soon turned into a fight, and the conflict erupted in front of the whole class.（两个男孩之间的小争执很快变成了打架，冲突在全班面前爆发。） 35 rural county 农村县 She grew up in a quiet rural county, where everyone knew each other and lived a simple life.（她在一个安静的农村县长大，那里的人彼此认识，过着简单的生活。） 36 county government 县政府 The county government organized a team to check the safety of houses in mountainous areas before the rainy season.（县政府组织了一支队伍，在雨季前检查山区房屋的安全。） 37 water depth 水深 The rescue team used a special tool to measure the water depth in the flooded street, ensuring the rescue boat could pass safely.（救援队用特殊工具测量被淹街道的水深，确保救援船能安全通过。） 38 depth of the hole 洞的深度 He dropped a stone into the hole to estimate the depth of the hole, but he still couldn’t see the bottom.（他把一块石头扔进洞里估算洞的深度，但还是看不到底。） 39 communication network 通信网络 The earthquake destroyed the communication network in the area, making it hard for people to contact their families.（地震摧毁了该地区的通信网络，人们很难联系到家人。） 40 rescue network 救援网络 The country has built a nationwide rescue network to quickly send help to areas hit by natural disasters.（该国建立了全国性的救援网络，能快速向遭受自然灾害的地区派遣援助。） 41 fishing net 渔网 The fishermen used a fishing net to rescue the little girl who had fallen into the river, pulling her to the shore safely.（渔民们用渔网营救掉进河里的小女孩，把她安全拉到岸边。） 42 safety net 安全网 The construction workers wore safety belts and stood on a safety net to prevent falling from the high building.（建筑工人系着安全带，站在安全网上，防止从高楼坠落。） 43 disaster relief 救灾 The army sent thousands of soldiers to participate in disaster relief after the flood, helping people move to safe places.（洪水后，军队派遣了数千名士兵参与救灾，帮助人们转移到安全地带。） 44 relief supplies 救济物资 A truck loaded with relief supplies like food, water and medicine arrived at the disaster area early in the morning.（一辆装满食物、水和药品等救济物资的卡车一大早到达了灾区。） 45 rescue survivors 营救幸存者 The rescue team worked day and night to rescue survivors from the collapsed building, not giving up any hope.（救援队日夜工作，从坍塌的建筑中营救幸存者，不放弃任何希望。） 46 rescue operation 救援行动 The government launched a large-scale rescue operation to find the missing hikers in the mountain after the storm.（暴风雨后，政府启动了大规模救援行动，寻找山里失踪的徒步旅行者。） 47 professional rescuer 专业救助者 A professional rescuer taught the students how to give first aid to someone who is injured.（一名专业救助者教学生们如何给受伤的人进行急救。） 48 volunteer rescuer 志愿救助者 He became a volunteer rescuer after the earthquake, using his own boat to help people cross the flooded river.（地震后，他成为一名志愿救助者，用自己的船帮助人们渡过被淹的河流。） 49 keep in order 保持秩序 The teacher asked the students to keep the classroom in order, putting books and stationery in their proper places.（老师让学生们保持教室秩序，把书本和文具放在合适的位置。） 50 put things in order 把东西整理好 She spent the weekend putting her bedroom things in order, throwing away old clothes and arranging books on the shelf.（她周末把卧室的东西整理好，扔掉旧衣服，把书排在书架上。） 51 so far so good 到目前为止还好 They have been repairing the damaged road for three days, and so far so good—half of the work has been finished.（他们修复受损道路已经三天了，到目前为止还好，一半的工作已经完成。） 52 so far no problem 到目前为止没问题 The typhoon has passed the coastal area, and so far no problem has been reported—no houses were destroyed and no one was injured.（台风已经经过沿海地区，到目前为止没有报告问题，没有房屋被毁，也没有人受伤。） 53 predict earthquakes 预报地震 It is still difficult for scientists to predict earthquakes accurately, but they are working on better technologies.（科学家们仍然难以准确预报地震，但他们正在研发更好的技术。） 54 predict the weather 预报天气 The weather station predicted the weather would turn sunny tomorrow, so we planned to go for a picnic.（气象局预报明天天气会转晴，所以我们计划去野餐。） 55 predict accurately 准确预报 The new weather satellite can predict the path of typhoons more accurately, helping people prepare better.（新的气象卫星能更准确地预报台风路径，帮助人们更好地准备。） 56 measure accurately 精确测量 The engineer used a ruler to measure the length of the steel accurately, ensuring the building would be safe.（工程师用尺子精确测量钢材的长度，确保建筑安全。） 57 disastrous flood 灾难性洪水 The disastrous flood washed away hundreds of houses and killed many livestock in the small village.（灾难性洪水冲走了小村庄的数百间房屋，杀死了许多家畜。） 58 disastrous result 灾难性后果 Not checking the equipment before using it led to a disastrous result—the machine broke down and injured a worker.（使用前没检查设备导致了灾难性后果，机器故障并弄伤了一名工人。） 59 live nearby 住在附近 She lives nearby the park, so she often goes there for a walk after dinner.（她住在公园附近，所以经常晚饭后去那里散步。） 60 shop nearby 在附近购物 My mom likes to shop nearby the community supermarket because it’s convenient and the prices are reasonable.（妈妈喜欢在社区附近的超市购物，因为方便，价格也合理。） 61 identify the problem 确定问题 The repairman spent an hour checking the broken TV to identify the problem, finally finding a faulty wire.（修理工花了一个小时检查坏了的电视，确定问题所在，最终发现一根电线故障。） 62 identify survivors 辨认幸存者 The rescuers used photos to identify survivors who had been trapped for days, so their families could be informed.（救援人员用照片辨认被困多日的幸存者，以便通知他们的家人。） 63 move furniture 搬家具 They had to move the heavy furniture to the second floor before the flood water rose higher.（在洪水水位升高前，他们不得不把重家具搬到二楼。） 64 wooden furniture 木制家具 The old wooden furniture in the house was passed down from his grandfather, so he took good care of it.（房子里的旧木制家具是爷爷传下来的，所以他好好保养着。） 65 react to danger 对危险做出反应 The little boy didn’t know how to react to danger when he saw the fire, so he stood there crying.（小男孩看到火时不知道如何对危险做出反应，只是站在那里哭。） 66 react quickly 快速反应 The driver reacted quickly when a child ran onto the road, stepping on the brake in time to avoid an accident.（当一个小孩跑到路上时，司机快速反应，及时踩刹车避免了事故。） 67 survival kit 救生包 Every family should keep a survival kit at home, which includes water, food, a flashlight and a first-aid box.（每个家庭都应该在家里放一个救生包，里面有 water、食物、手电筒和急救箱。） 68 first-aid kit 急救箱 She put a first-aid kit in her schoolbag in case someone gets injured during PE class.（她在书包里放了一个急救箱，以防体育课上有人受伤。） 69 store food 储存食物 Before the winter comes, many animals like squirrels store food in their holes to eat when it’s cold.（冬天来临前，松鼠等许多动物会在洞里储存食物，供寒冷时食用。） 70 store water 储存水 The villagers dug a big tank to store water during the rainy season, so they had enough to use in dry months.（村民们挖了一个大水箱，在雨季储存水，以便干旱月份有足够的水用。） 71 food supply 食物供给 The snowstorm cut off the food supply to the mountain village, so the government sent helicopters to drop food.（暴风雪切断了对山村的食物供给，政府派直升机空投食物。） 72 water supply 供水 The broken pipe affected the water supply to the community, and workers spent three hours fixing it.（破裂的水管影响了社区的供水，工人花了三个小时修好它。） 73 official document 官方文件 He needed to bring his official documents like his ID card and passport when applying for the visa.（申请签证时，他需要带上身份证和护照等官方文件。） 74 rescue document 救援文件 The rescue team carried rescue documents with information about the disaster area, helping them distribute supplies correctly.（救援队携带了包含灾区信息的救援文件，帮助他们正确分发物资。） 75 electric wire 电线 The strong wind blew down the electric wire, causing a power cut in the whole neighborhood.（强风刮断了电线，导致整个小区停电。） 76 cut the wire 剪断电线 The electrician wore insulated gloves to cut the old wire, preventing himself from getting an electric shock.（电工戴绝缘手套剪断旧电线，防止自己触电。） 77 rescue vehicle 救援车辆 A line of rescue vehicles with flashing lights arrived at the accident site, carrying doctors and nurses.（一队闪着灯的救援车辆到达事故现场，上面载着医生和护士。） 78 public vehicle 公共交通工具 Taking public vehicles like buses and subways is not only cheap but also good for reducing air pollution.（乘坐公交、地铁等公共交通工具不仅便宜，还有助于减少空气污染。） 79 escape path 逃生路径 The teacher showed the students the escape path in the classroom, telling them to follow it if there is a fire.（老师给学生们指了教室里的逃生路径，告诉他们如果发生火灾就沿着这条路走。） 80 mountain path 山路 They walked along the narrow mountain path, holding hands to avoid slipping on the wet stones.（他们沿着狭窄的山路走，手牵手以防在湿滑的石头上滑倒。） 81 news media 新闻媒体 The news media reported the disaster situation in real time, letting people all over the country know how to help.（新闻媒体实时报道灾情，让全国各地的人们知道如何提供帮助。） 82 social media 社交媒体 She posted photos of the volunteer work on social media, encouraging more friends to join in the disaster relief.（她把志愿工作的照片发到社交媒体上，鼓励更多朋友参与救灾。） 83 local authority 地方当局 The local authority set up a temporary shelter in the school gym for people whose homes were destroyed by the flood.（地方当局在学校体育馆设立了临时避难所，供房屋被洪水摧毁的人们居住。） 84 disaster authority 救灾当局 The disaster authority held a meeting to discuss the next step of the rescue plan, ensuring every survivor is found.（救灾当局召开会议，讨论救援计划的下一步，确保找到每一位幸存者。） 85 trap in a building 被困在建筑里 A little girl was trapped in a building after the earthquake, but rescuers saved her after two hours of effort.（地震后，一个小女孩被困在建筑里，救援人员经过两小时努力救出了她。） 86 trap by flood 被洪水困住 Several families were trapped by flood in their houses, and boats were sent to take them to safety.（有几户人家被洪水困在家里，救援船被派去把他们送到安全地带。） 87 use a cellphone 使用手机 He used his cellphone to call for help when his car got stuck in the snow on the mountain road.（他的车在山路的雪地里困住时，他用手机求救。） 88 cellphone signal 手机信号 There was no cellphone signal in the remote mountain village, so people had to use radios to communicate.（偏远山村没有手机信号，人们不得不用电台交流。） 89 water pipe 水管 The cold weather froze the water pipe, and the family had no running water for three days.（寒冷天气冻住了水管，这家人三天没有自来水用。） 90 broken pipe 破裂的管道 The plumber replaced the broken pipe in the kitchen, fixing the leak that had wasted a lot of water.（水管工更换了厨房破裂的管道，修好浪费了很多水的漏水处。） 91 firm ground 坚固的地面 After the earthquake, people were told to stay on firm ground and avoid standing near tall buildings.（地震后，人们被告知待在坚固的地面上，避免站在高楼附近。） 92 firm hold 紧紧抓住 She kept a firm hold on the rope when climbing the mountain, afraid of falling down the steep slope.（爬山时，她紧紧抓住绳子，害怕从陡峭的山坡上摔下来。） 93 crawl under the table 爬到桌子底下 When the earthquake happened, the teacher told the students to crawl under the table and protect their heads.（地震发生时，老师让学生们爬到桌子底下，保护头部。） 94 crawl to safety 爬向安全地带 The injured man crawled to safety with the help of a rescuer, leaving the dangerous collapsed area.（受伤的男子在救援人员的帮助下爬向安全地带，离开危险的坍塌区域。） 95 stand in the doorway 站在门口 She stood in the doorway of her house, watching her children play in the yard with a smile.（她站在自家门口，微笑着看孩子们在院子里玩耍。） 96 hide in the doorway 躲在门口 During the heavy rainstorm, the stray cat hid in the doorway of the shop to avoid getting wet.（暴雨期间，流浪猫躲在商店门口避雨。） 97 take the elevator 乘电梯 She was in a hurry to get to the 10th floor, so she decided to take the elevator instead of walking up the stairs.（她急着去10楼，所以决定乘电梯而不是爬楼梯。） 98 elevator shaft 电梯井 The maintenance worker checked the elevator shaft every month to ensure there were no safety problems.（维修工人每月检查电梯井，确保没有安全问题。） 99 wait for the lift 等电梯 He met his old classmate while waiting for the lift in the office building, and they chatted for a while.（他在办公楼等电梯时遇到了老同学，两人聊了一会儿。） 100 lift door 电梯门 The lift door opened slowly, and a group of office workers walked out, talking about their lunch plans.（电梯门慢慢打开，一群上班族走出来，讨论着午餐计划。） 101 turn on the streetlight 打开路灯 The street cleaner turned on the streetlight before starting his work at dawn, as it was still dark outside.（黎明时分，清洁工开始工作前打开了路灯，因为外面还很黑。） 102 broken streetlight 损坏的路灯 The broken streetlight on the corner made the road dark at night, so the government sent someone to fix it.（街角损坏的路灯让夜晚的道路很黑，政府派人去修了。） 103 cross the overpass 过天桥 She had to cross the overpass to get to the other side of the busy road, as there was no zebra crossing nearby.（她不得不过天桥到繁忙道路的另一边，因为附近没有斑马线。） 104 build an overpass 建天桥 The city decided to build an overpass near the school to ensure students could cross the road safely.（该市决定在学校附近建一座天桥，确保学生能安全过马路。） 105 blow a whistle 吹口哨 The coach blew a whistle to signal the end of the training, and the players stopped to rest.（教练吹口哨示意训练结束，球员们停下来休息。） 106 rescue whistle 救援口哨 Each rescuer carried a rescue whistle to call for help if they got trapped during the operation.（每位救援人员都携带一个救援口哨，以防在救援行动中被困时求救。） 107 work on a project 从事一个项目 The students worked on a science project together, spending weekends doing experiments and writing reports.（学生们一起从事一个科学项目，周末花时间做实验、写报告。） 108 work on rescue 从事救援工作 He quit his job as an engineer to work on rescue full-time, helping people in disaster-stricken areas.（他辞掉工程师的工作，全职从事救援工作，帮助灾区人民。） 109 less than 10 minutes 不到10分钟 The rescue team arrived at the accident site in less than 10 minutes, which saved many lives.（救援队不到10分钟就到达了事故现场，挽救了许多生命。） 110 less than 50 people 少于50人 The small hall can hold less than 50 people, so we need to find a bigger place for the meeting.（这个小礼堂能容纳少于50人，所以我们需要找一个更大的地方开会。） 111 drop to the ground quickly 快速卧倒在地 When the earthquake alarm rang, everyone dropped to the ground quickly and covered their heads with their hands.（地震警报响起时，所有人都快速卧倒在地，用手护住头部。） 112 drop to the ground during an earthquake 地震时卧倒在地 The teacher taught the students to drop to the ground during an earthquake, as it can reduce the risk of injury.（老师教学生们地震时卧倒在地，因为这能降低受伤风险。） 113 prepare a survival kit 准备救生包 Her mom reminded her to prepare a survival kit before going camping, including a knife and a waterproof matches.（妈妈提醒她去露营前准备一个救生包，里面要有刀和防水火柴。） 114 emergency survival kit 应急救生包 The company gave each employee an emergency survival kit, which could be used in case of natural disasters.（公司给每位员工发了一个应急救生包，可在发生自然灾害时使用。） 115 move away from danger 远离危险 The police told the crowd to move away from danger, as the building might collapse at any time.（警察让人群远离危险，因为这座建筑随时可能坍塌。） 116 move away from the building 远离建筑 After the fire broke out, the security guard asked everyone to move away from the building immediately.（火灾发生后，保安让所有人立即远离建筑。） 117 look around for help 环顾四周求助 The lost child stood in the middle of the street, looking around for help with tears in his eyes.（迷路的孩子站在街道中间，眼里含着泪环顾四周求助。） 118 look around carefully 仔细环顾四周 Before crossing the road, she looked around carefully to make sure there were no cars coming.（过马路前，她仔细环顾四周，确保没有车开过来。） 119 move about in the room 在房间里走来走去 He moved about in the room nervously, waiting for the result of his job interview.（他在房间里紧张地走来走去，等待求职面试的结果。） 120 move about to find a way out 走来走去寻找出路 After the building collapsed, the trapped man moved about carefully to find a way out, avoiding sharp stones.（建筑坍塌后，被困男子小心地走来走去寻找出路，避开锋利的石头。） 121 knock on the door 敲门 She knocked on the door gently, but no one answered—maybe her grandma was out shopping.（她轻轻敲门，但没人应答，可能奶奶出去购物了。） 122 knock on the window 敲窗户 The cat sat outside the window and knocked on it with its paw, asking to be let in.（猫坐在窗外，用爪子敲窗户，想进来。） 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $