Unit 5 Natural Disasters.词汇拓展短语（一）清单-2025-2026学年高中英语重大版必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦“Natural Disasters”主题，系统梳理自然灾害类型、成因、影响及应对措施的词汇拓展短语。以语义场分类构建学习支架，帮助学生从具体灾害名称到相关科学概念，逐步形成主题词汇网络。 资料按语义场分类短语，逻辑清晰，通过中英对照例句结合真实灾害场景提升语言理解与表达能力，同一词根多搭配拓展培养词汇联想思维品质，贴近生活的例句便于自主学习，发展学习策略，体现主题式词汇学习的学科特色。

重大版 必修2 Unit 5 Natural Disasters.词汇拓展短语（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 active volcano 活火山 Scientists have been monitoring the active volcano, worried it might erupt soon.（科学家一直在监测这座活火山，担心它可能很快喷发。） 2 volcano eruption 火山喷发 The volcano eruption covered the nearby villages with thick ash, forcing people to evacuate.（火山喷发让附近村庄被厚厚的火山灰覆盖，人们被迫撤离。） 3 typhoon warning 台风预警 The weather station issued a typhoon warning, advising people to stay indoors and secure their windows.（气象局发布了台风预警，建议人们待在室内并加固窗户。） 4 hit by a typhoon 遭受台风袭击 The coastal town was hit by a typhoon last night, with many trees uprooted and roofs blown off.（昨晚这个沿海小镇遭受台风袭击，许多树木被连根拔起，屋顶也被掀翻。） 5 mountain landslide 山体滑坡 Heavy rain triggered a mountain landslide, blocking the only road leading to the village.（暴雨引发了山体滑坡，阻断了通往村庄的唯一道路。） 6 prevent landslide 预防滑坡 Local authorities planted more trees on the hillside to prevent landslide during the rainy season.（当地政府在山坡上种了更多树，以预防雨季发生滑坡。） 7 slide down a hill 滑下山坡 The children laughed as they slid down the hill on their sleds, enjoying the winter afternoon.（孩子们坐着雪橇滑下山坡，笑着享受冬日的午后时光。） 8 slide on ice 在冰上滑动 She lost her balance and slid on the ice, but luckily a passerby caught her in time.（她在冰上滑倒，幸好一位路人及时扶住了她。） 9 hurricane strength 飓风强度 The hurricane strength increased overnight, reaching winds of 120 kilometers per hour.（飓风强度在夜间增强，风速达到了每小时120公里。） 10 hurricane damage 飓风破坏 The government sent teams to assess the hurricane damage, helping families rebuild their homes.（政府派出团队评估飓风破坏情况，帮助家庭重建家园。） 11 flash flood 山洪暴发 A sudden flash flood swept through the valley, carrying away small cars and livestock.（突发的山洪席卷了山谷，冲走了小汽车和家畜。） 12 flood disaster 洪水灾害 After the flood disaster, volunteers brought food and water to the homeless people in the affected area.（洪水灾害后，志愿者给受灾地区的无家可归者送去了食物和水。） 13 severe drought 严重干旱 The severe drought lasted for six months, making the rivers dry up and crops wither.（严重干旱持续了六个月，导致河流干涸、庄稼枯萎。） 14 drought relief 抗旱救灾 The army joined the drought relief efforts, transporting water to villages with no access to clean water.（军队加入抗旱救灾工作，给缺乏清洁水源的村庄运送水。） 15 natural disaster 自然灾害 Schools teach students how to protect themselves during natural disasters like earthquakes and floods.（学校教学生在地震、洪水等自然灾害中如何保护自己。） 16 disaster relief 灾后救济 International organizations donated money and supplies for disaster relief after the earthquake.（地震后，国际组织捐赠了资金和物资用于灾后救济。） 17 coastal bay 沿海海湾 We spent the weekend camping by the coastal bay, watching the sunrise over the sea every morning.（我们在沿海海湾露营度过周末，每天早上看海上日出。） 18 sail into the bay 驶入海湾 The fishing boat sailed into the bay as the sun set, its crew tired but happy with their catch.（日落时分，渔船驶入海湾，船员们虽然疲惫，但对捕获的鱼很满意。） 19 sweep over the area 席卷该地区 A wave of cold air swept over the area, dropping the temperature by 10 degrees overnight.（一股冷空气席卷了该地区，夜间气温下降了10度。） 20 sweep across the country 席卷全国 News of the new policy swept across the country, sparking discussions among people from all walks of life.（新政策的消息席卷全国，引发了各行各业人们的讨论。） 21 city section 城市区域 The old city section has been renovated, with ancient buildings preserved and new shops opened.（老城区经过改造，保留了古建筑，还开了新商店。） 22 cross section 横截面 The teacher cut the apple in half to show the students its cross section, pointing out the seeds and core.（老师把苹果切成两半，给学生看它的横截面，指出种子和果核。） 23 earthquake shock 地震震动 The first earthquake shock made the chandeliers swing violently, and people rushed out of the building.（第一次地震震动让吊灯剧烈摇晃，人们纷纷冲出大楼。） 24 great shock 强烈震动 A great shock hit the city at midnight, waking everyone up and causing cracks in some buildings.（午夜时分，一场强烈震动袭击了城市，惊醒了所有人，还导致一些建筑出现裂缝。） 25 ruin a building 摧毁建筑 The powerful explosion ruined the old building, leaving only a pile of broken bricks and stones.（强烈的爆炸摧毁了那栋旧建筑，只留下一堆碎砖碎石。） 26 in ruins 沦为废墟 When the rescuers arrived, the town was in ruins, with almost no intact houses left.（救援人员到达时，小镇已沦为废墟，几乎没有完好的房屋留存。） 27 occur suddenly 突然发生 The accident occurred suddenly, and no one had time to react before the car crashed into the wall.（事故突然发生，汽车撞到墙上前没人来得及反应。） 28 occur in mountain areas 发生在山区 Landslides often occur in mountain areas during the rainy season, so people there stay alert.（雨季时，滑坡常发生在山区，所以那里的人们保持警惕。） 29 mass of rock 岩石块 A huge mass of rock rolled down the mountain, narrowly missing the small village at the foot.（一大块岩石从山上滚下，险些砸中山脚下的小村庄。） 30 mass of people 人群 A mass of people gathered in the square to watch the National Day parade, cheering loudly.（一大群人聚集在广场上观看国庆阅兵，大声欢呼。） 31 beneath the ground 在地下 Many animals like rabbits and snakes live beneath the ground to avoid the cold winter.（兔子、蛇等许多动物生活在地下，以躲避寒冷的冬天。） 32 beneath the water 在水下 The divers found an old shipwreck beneath the water, which had been there for over a hundred years.（潜水员在水下发现了一艘旧沉船，它已经在那里一百多年了。） 33 property damage 财产损失 The storm caused millions of yuan in property damage, with many cars and houses destroyed.（这场暴风雨造成了数百万元的财产损失，许多汽车和房屋被毁。） 34 cause damage 造成损害 The chemical leak caused serious damage to the river, killing most of the fish in it.（化学品泄漏对河流造成了严重损害，导致河里的大部分鱼死亡。） 35 due to rain 由于下雨 The outdoor concert was canceled due to rain, and ticket holders were offered refunds.（由于下雨，户外音乐会取消了，持票者可获得退款。） 36 due to carelessness 由于粗心 He made a mistake in the exam due to carelessness, forgetting to write the unit after the number.（由于粗心，他考试时犯了错，忘了在数字后写单位。） 37 air pressure 气压 The weather forecast said the air pressure would drop tomorrow, which usually means rain is coming.（天气预报说明天气压会下降，这通常意味着要下雨了。） 38 pressure on rocks 岩石压力 Scientists explained that the pressure on rocks deep underground can cause earthquakes when it builds up.（科学家解释说，地下深处岩石承受的压力积聚到一定程度就可能引发地震。） 39 press a button 按按钮 She reached out to press the elevator button, waiting patiently for the door to open.（她伸手按了电梯按钮，耐心等待门打开。） 40 press against the door 压在门上 The crowd pressed against the door, eager to get into the concert hall to see their favorite singer.（人群挤在门上，迫切想进入音乐厅看最喜欢的歌手。） 41 tectonic plate 地壳板块 The teacher used a model to show how tectonic plates move and cause earthquakes.（老师用模型展示地壳板块如何运动并引发地震。） 42 plate movement 板块运动 Plate movement is so slow that we can’t feel it, but it changes the Earth’s surface over millions of years.（板块运动非常缓慢，我们感觉不到，但数百万年来它改变了地球表面。） 43 shake violently 猛烈摇晃 The room shook violently during the earthquake, and books fell off the shelves one after another.（地震时房间猛烈摇晃，书一本接一本地从书架上掉下来。） 44 rain violently 下暴雨 It rained violently all night, and by morning, the streets were covered with water.（暴雨下了一整夜，到早上时，街道都被水淹没了。） 45 violent storm 狂风暴雨 A violent storm hit the area, with thunder roaring and lightning lighting up the dark sky.（一场狂风暴雨袭击了该地区，雷声轰鸣，闪电照亮了黑暗的天空。） 46 violent earthquake 强烈地震 A violent earthquake struck the city, collapsing many buildings and cutting off power and water.（一场强烈地震袭击了这座城市，许多建筑倒塌，水电供应中断。） 47 natural violence 自然威力 We were shocked by the natural violence of the hurricane, which destroyed everything in its path.（飓风的自然威力让我们震惊，它摧毁了所到之处的一切。） 48 use of violence 使用暴力 The school teaches students that the use of violence is never the solution to problems.（学校教学生，使用暴力永远不是解决问题的办法。） 49 earthquake belt 地震带 Japan is located in an earthquake belt, so it often experiences small earthquakes.（日本位于地震带，所以经常发生小地震。） 50 forest belt 森林带 The forest belt along the river helps prevent soil erosion and protect the water quality.（沿河的森林带有助于防止水土流失，保护水质。） 51 edge of a cliff 悬崖边缘 He stood at the edge of the cliff, looking down at the sea crashing against the rocks below.（他站在悬崖边缘，俯视着海水撞击下方岩石的景象。） 52 edge of the city 城市边缘 New residential areas are being built at the edge of the city to accommodate more people.（城市边缘正在建设新的住宅区，以容纳更多人口。） 53 personal property 个人财产 She kept her important documents and personal property in a safe to prevent theft.（她把重要文件和个人财产放在保险箱里，以防被盗。） 54 lose property 失去财产 Many families lost their property in the flood, but they received help from the government and charities.（许多家庭在洪水中失去了财产，但他们得到了政府和慈善机构的帮助。） 55 take a bath 洗澡 After playing basketball for two hours, he went home to take a bath and change into clean clothes.（打了两个小时篮球后，他回家洗澡，换上干净衣服。） 56 hot bath 热水澡 She took a hot bath to relax after a long day at work, listening to soft music at the same time.（工作了一整天后，她泡了个热水澡放松，同时听着轻音乐。） 57 plane crash 飞机坠毁 The news of the plane crash spread quickly, and people prayed for the safety of the passengers.（飞机坠毁的消息迅速传开，人们为乘客的安全祈祷。） 58 crash into a wall 撞到墙上 The cyclist didn’t see the stop sign and crashed into the wall, injuring his knee.（骑自行车的人没看到停车标志，撞到了墙上，膝盖受了伤。） 59 dance elegantly 优雅地跳舞 She danced elegantly on the stage, her dress swirling like a flower in the wind.（她在舞台上优雅地跳舞，裙子像风中的花一样飘动。） 60 speak elegantly 优雅地说话 The professor spoke elegantly, using simple words to explain complex scientific theories.（教授说话优雅，用简单的语言解释复杂的科学理论。） 61 elegant dress 优雅的裙子 She wore an elegant dress to the party, which made her stand out among the guests.（她穿了一条优雅的裙子去参加派对，在客人中很显眼。） 62 elegant design 雅致的设计 The hotel’s lobby has an elegant design, with marble floors and crystal chandeliers.（酒店大堂设计雅致，铺着大理石地板，挂着水晶吊灯。） 63 extraordinary event 特别事件 The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is an extraordinary event watched by people all over the world.（奥运会开幕式是全球人民都观看的特别事件。） 64 extraordinary ability 非凡能力 He has an extraordinary ability to remember numbers, being able to recall hundreds of phone numbers.（他有记住数字的非凡能力，能回忆起数百个电话号码。） 65 extra careful 特别小心 She was extra careful when crossing the road, as the rain had made the pavement slippery.（过马路时她特别小心，因为雨水让人行道很滑。） 66 extra large 超大号 He ordered an extra large pizza for his friends, knowing they were all very hungry.（他知道朋友们都很饿，所以点了一份超大号披萨。） 67 terribly cold 非常冷 It was terribly cold yesterday, and the lake in the park froze solid.（昨天非常冷，公园里的湖都冻实了。） 68 terribly damaged 严重受损 The old bridge was terribly damaged in the storm and had to be closed for repairs.（那座旧桥在暴风雨中严重受损，不得不关闭维修。） 69 terrible disaster 可怕的灾难 The earthquake was a terrible disaster, leaving thousands of people homeless.（这场地震是可怕的灾难，让数千人无家可归。） 70 terrible weather 恶劣天气 We had to cancel our picnic due to terrible weather—strong winds and heavy rain.（由于大风暴雨的恶劣天气，我们不得不取消野餐。） 71 rely on help 依靠帮助 The elderly couple had no children, so they had to rely on help from their neighbors in daily life.（这对老夫妇没有孩子，日常生活中不得不依靠邻居的帮助。） 72 rely on oneself 依靠自己 His parents taught him to rely on oneself from a young age, so he is very independent now.（父母从小教他依靠自己，所以他现在很独立。） 73 death toll 死亡人数 The death toll from the flood rose to 50, and rescue teams were still searching for missing people.（洪水造成的死亡人数上升到50人，救援队仍在搜寻失踪人员。） 74 cause of death 死因 The doctor said the cause of death was a heart attack, and there was no sign of violence.（医生说死因是心脏病发作，没有暴力迹象。） 75 technological advance 技术进步 Technological advance has made our lives easier, with smartphones and online shopping becoming common.（技术进步让我们的生活更便捷，智能手机和网购变得普遍。） 76 in advance 预先 You need to book the tickets in advance, as this concert is very popular and will sell out quickly.（你需要预先订票，因为这场音乐会很受欢迎，很快会售罄。） 77 heavy sandstorm 强沙尘暴 A heavy sandstorm swept through the northern city, reducing visibility to less than 100 meters.（一场强沙尘暴席卷了这座北方城市，能见度降至100米以下。） 78 sandstorm warning 沙尘暴预警 The meteorological bureau issued a sandstorm warning, advising people to wear masks when going out.（气象局发布了沙尘暴预警，建议人们外出时戴口罩。） 79 move inland 向内陆迁移 Some coastal residents chose to move inland to avoid the risk of typhoons and floods.（一些沿海居民选择向内陆迁移，以避开台风和洪水的风险。） 80 inland area 内陆地区 The inland area has a dry climate, with less rain than the coastal regions.（内陆地区气候干燥，降雨量比沿海地区少。） 81 strong aftershock 强烈余震 A strong aftershock hit the area an hour after the main earthquake, causing more buildings to collapse.（主震一小时后，一场强烈余震袭击了该地区，导致更多建筑倒塌。） 82 aftershock sequence 余震序列 The seismological station recorded an aftershock sequence, with over 20 small aftershocks in two days.（地震局记录到一系列余震，两天内发生了20多次小余震。） 83 hot bathwater 热水澡水 She poured some bath salts into the hot bathwater, enjoying the relaxing scent.（她往热水澡水里倒了些浴盐，享受着舒缓的香气。） 84 pour out bathwater 倒掉洗澡水 He forgot to pour out the bathwater after taking a bath, and his little sister accidentally stepped in it.（他洗完澡忘了倒掉洗澡水，妹妹不小心踩了进去。） 85 overpopulated city 人口过多的城市 Tokyo is an overpopulated city, with millions of people using public transport every day.（东京是个人口过多的城市，每天有数百万人乘坐公共交通。） 86 overpopulated region 人口稠密的地区 The overpopulated region faces challenges like traffic jams and shortage of medical resources.（这个人口稠密的地区面临交通拥堵、医疗资源短缺等挑战。） 87 bad consequence 不良后果 Not studying hard will lead to bad consequences, such as failing the exam.（不努力学习会导致不良后果，比如考试不及格。） 88 consequence of disaster 灾难的影响 The consequence of the disaster was long-lasting, with the local economy taking years to recover.（这场灾难的影响是长期的，当地经济花了多年才恢复。） 89 at two minutes to noon yesterday 昨天正午差两分 At two minutes to noon yesterday, we were having lunch in the cafeteria when the fire alarm went off.（昨天正午差两分，我们正在食堂吃午饭，火警突然响了。） 90 at two minutes to noon tomorrow 明天正午差两分 We plan to meet at the school gate at two minutes to noon tomorrow to go to the museum together.（我们计划明天正午差两分在学校门口集合，一起去博物馆。） 91 look as if 看起来好像 She looked as if she had been crying, with red eyes and a wet handkerchief in her hand.（她看起来好像哭过，眼睛红红的，手里还拿着湿手帕。） 92 act as if 表现得好像 He acted as if he knew nothing about the accident, but everyone could tell he was lying.（他表现得好像对事故一无所知，但所有人都能看出他在撒谎。） 93 pull a child from under the bed 从床底下拖出孩子 She heard a child’s cry and pulled the little boy from under the bed, where he had hidden while playing hide-and-seek.（她听到孩子的哭声，从床底下拖出了小男孩，他玩捉迷藏时躲在了那里。） 94 pull the box from under the table 从桌子底下拖出盒子 He knelt down to pull the heavy box from under the table, planning to use the tools inside to fix the chair.（他跪下来从桌子底下拖出重盒子，打算用里面的工具修椅子。） 95 at a magnitude of 6 on the Richter scale 里氏6级 The earthquake at a magnitude of 6 on the Richter scale caused minor damage to some old buildings.（这场里氏6级地震对一些旧建筑造成了轻微损坏。） 96 at a magnitude of 8 on the Richter scale 里氏8级 An earthquake at a magnitude of 8 on the Richter scale is very rare but extremely destructive.（里氏8级地震非常罕见，但破坏性极强。） 97 draw back one's hand 缩回手 He reached out to touch the hot pot, then quickly drew back his hand when he felt the heat.（他伸手去碰热锅，感觉到烫后立刻缩回了手。） 98 draw back from a promise 收回承诺 He had to draw back from his promise to help her move, as he suddenly got sick.（他突然生病了，不得不收回帮她搬家的承诺。） 99 wait for a few moments 等了一会儿 She stood at the bus stop and waited for a few moments, and soon her bus arrived.（她在公交站等了一会儿，很快她要坐的公交车就到了。） 100 think for a few moments 思考了一会儿 The teacher asked him a difficult question, and he thought for a few moments before giving the right answer.（老师问了他一个难题，他思考了一会儿才给出正确答案。） 101 sweep over the village 袭击村庄 A heavy snowstorm swept over the village, covering all the houses and fields in white.（一场暴风雪袭击了村庄，所有房屋和田野都被白雪覆盖。） 102 sweep over the coast 扫过海岸 A strong wind swept over the coast, blowing away the sandcastles the children had built.（一股强风扫过海岸，吹走了孩子们堆的沙堡。） 103 pull out a nail 拔出钉子 He used a hammer to pull out the old nail from the wall, preparing to hang a new picture.（他用锤子从墙上拔出旧钉子，准备挂一幅新画。） 104 pull out a tooth 拔牙 The dentist had to pull out her bad tooth, and she felt a little pain but soon got better.（牙医不得不拔掉她的坏牙，她感觉有点疼，但很快就好了。） 105 take away part of the land 带走部分土地 The flood took away part of the land near the river, leaving a big hole in the ground.（洪水带走了河边的部分土地，在地面上留下了一个大坑。） 106 take away part of the building 带走部分建筑 The explosion took away part of the building’s roof, and workers had to cover it with tarpaulin temporarily.（爆炸掀走了建筑的部分屋顶，工人不得不临时用防水布盖住。） 107 explain in simple terms 用简单的话解释 The scientist explained the theory of evolution in simple terms, so even children could understand.（科学家用简单的话解释进化论，连孩子都能听懂。） 108 describe in simple terms 用简单的话描述 She described her trip to Tibet in simple terms, talking about the blue sky and friendly people.（她用简单的话描述去西藏的旅行，聊到了蓝天和友好的人们。） 109 due to natural causes 由于自然原因 The forest fire was found to be due to natural causes, not human activities like camping.（经调查，这场森林火灾是由于自然原因，而非露营等人类活动。） 110 due to human activities 由于人类活动 The pollution of the lake is due to human activities, such as dumping waste and overfishing.（这个湖的污染是由于人类活动，比如倾倒垃圾和过度捕捞。） 111 plates push against each other 板块互相挤压 Geologists said that earthquakes happen when tectonic plates push against each other and suddenly slip.（地质学家说，当地壳板块互相挤压并突然滑动时，就会发生地震。） 112 two cars push against each other 两辆车互相挤压 The two cars push against each other in the traffic jam, but luckily no one was injured.（堵车时两辆车互相挤压，但幸好没人受伤。） 113 at the point of collapse 在坍塌的那一刻 The rescuers pulled the trapped man out of the building at the point of collapse, saving his life.（救援人员在建筑坍塌的那一刻把被困男子拉了出来，救了他的命。） 114 at the point of the mountain 在山顶处 They set up a tent at the point of the mountain, enjoying a bird’s-eye view of the whole valley.（他们在山顶处搭了帐篷，俯瞰整个山谷的景色。） 115 up to 100 people 多达100人 The small hall can hold up to 100 people, so we need to check if more chairs are needed.（这个小礼堂能容纳多达100人，所以我们要确认是否需要加椅子。） 116 up to now 直到现在 Up to now, we have collected over 5,000 books for the children in the mountain village.（直到现在，我们已经为山区的孩子收集了5000多本书。） 117 live in mountainous areas 住在山区 People who live in mountainous areas are used to walking on steep roads and carrying heavy things.（住在山区的人习惯了走陡峭的路，也习惯了扛重物。） 118 disaster in mountainous areas 山区的灾难 The government has made plans to deal with disasters in mountainous areas, such as landslides and floods.（政府已制定计划应对山区的灾难，比如滑坡和洪水。） 119 take place suddenly 突然发生 The accident took place suddenly, and the driver had no time to brake before hitting the tree.（事故突然发生，司机没来得及刹车就撞到了树上。） 120 take place last week 上周发生 A charity event to help poor children took place last week, and many people donated money and toys.（上周举办了一场帮助贫困儿童的慈善活动，许多人捐赠了钱和玩具。） 121 have damaging effects on crops 对农作物产生破坏影响 The drought had damaging effects on crops, with most of the wheat fields yielding almost nothing.（干旱对农作物产生了破坏影响，大部分麦田几乎颗粒无收。） 122 have damaging effects on buildings 对建筑产生破坏影响 The strong earthquake had damaging effects on buildings, with many old houses collapsing completely.（强烈地震对建筑产生了破坏影响，许多旧房屋完全倒塌。） 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $