第08讲 完形填空高分突破（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题08 完形填空高分突破 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择（重点） 4 考点二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词 6 考点三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义（重点） 9 考点四：注意同形词或词组的辨析（难点） 11 考点五：利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项 14 考点六：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等 16 实战精练与提升 25 考情解读 一、题型介绍 上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考查目标：词汇、语法等的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。 命题原则：是“以实词为主，虚词极少涉及，突出词汇语境化”。 题型特点：该题型难度大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型。 二、设题焦点 1. 上下文直接信息题 2. 词、句、文三结合理解题 3. 词义辨析题 4. 语法知识和固定短语考查题 5. 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题 三、解题策略 1.语义优先于语法原则 文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，据此可以对所选短文的题材有大致理解，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消失。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类)，进而预判篇章结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空格作出正确的判断。 2.词内选项句内找原则 从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。 四、命题分析 题型与分值 15 道题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 语篇特征 1. 词数一般在 350-450 词之间。2. 文本多选自外刊原文，如卫报、纽约时报、经济学人等。3. 体裁以说明文为主，尤其是知识前沿类文章。4. 逻辑紧凑严密，难度高于一般阅读材料。 核心考查 1. 词汇：以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时也会考查逻辑衔接词或短语，注重词汇在语境及篇章结构中的最优匹配。2. 逻辑：考查句子内部、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果等。3. 篇章结构理解：要求考生把握文章的整体结构和主旨，根据上下文进行推理和判断。 命题特点 1. 语义优先于语法原则，更强调对词汇语义的准确理解和运用。2. 上下文语境分析原则，答案往往需要通过对上下文的细致分析才能得出。3. 设题注重句内层次题，如利用句内语法结构、词汇线索暗示、习惯搭配及固定结构等解题。4. 文章阅读难易度指数较大，区分度高，长难句较多，是高考重难题型之一。 知识梳理 考点精讲 · 解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择 解题策略 首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 【典例】 （上海市松江二中2025-2026学年高三上学期9月开学考试题） The idea that young people today have a damaging relationship with digital technology — a relationship that leaves them 21 grounded in the real world and psychologically and socially undeveloped — is not just an old person’s concern. 21．A．basically B．effectively C．insufficiently D．desperately 【典例】 （2024年宝山区二模） For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. But developments in the past few years have ___41___ these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___42___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. 41. A. denied B. prevented C. transferred D. intensified 42. A. function B. possibility C. capability D. character ※ 2024一模·宝山·42 Ideally, childhood is a time of growth and learning, preparing for adulthood and also having fun. But for many children around the world, this time is cut short when they are forced to work, sometimes in dangerous conditions. ___41___, the United Nations (U.N.), some national governments and other organizations ___42___ June 12 as the annual World Day Against Child Labor. 42. A. recognize B. discover C. choose D. consider · 解题技巧二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。 解题策略 做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关系： 1　 对立关系 包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。 2　 因果关系 常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。 3　 并列关系 常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。 4　 总分关系 常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。 5　 递进关系 常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。 【典例】 （上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考题） 7 , many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce (离婚) rates, the American family would soon 8 to exist. 7．A．On the other hand B．In fact C．In short D．By contrast 【典例】 （上海市晋元中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试题） Unfortunately, she points out, people tend to 34 both their abilities and the speed with which they can learn new things: “Our research shows that people think it’s not so bad to lie about having a skill they might have in the future, but if you combine that with people being really bad at knowing what skills they’ll have in the future, it becomes very 35 .” 34．A．downplay B．overestimate C．misinterpret D．dislike 35．A．urgent B．convenient C．dangerous D．enlightening 【典例】 （2024年崇明区二模） Furthermore,___47___ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations, teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to ___49___.” 47. A. additional B. prior C. national D. independent 48. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 49. A. stretch B. adapt C. concentrate D. explore · 解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。 解题策略 第一步：通读全文，锁定逻辑主线 第二步：结合语境，精准辨析词义 第三步：代入验证，排查逻辑漏洞 【典例】 （上海市华东师大第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考试题） A few years ago, I found myself really burnt out. I was struggling to motivate myself and looking at my calendar started filling me with a sort of low-grade fear. But the 61 part for me was that on the surface there wasn’t any obvious reason why I would be so tired. It didn’t seem 62 . Sure, I was busy, but no more busy than anyone else. So what was wrong with me? 61．A．integral B．confusing C．spare D．significant 62．A．wrong B．justified C．challenging D．doubtful 【典例】（2024年奉贤区二模） ____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life. With the teachers’ guidance and encouragement, they ____27____ together a robot with no more than metal and wires. 25. A. Reliant on B. Available to C. Short of D. Desperate for 26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However 27. A. tied B. pieced C. added D. wrapped ※ 2024一模·黄浦·46/47 Often, we love food because we have____46____ memories associated with it. My mom’s mashed potatoes (土豆泥) remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our____47____ love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better. 46.A. cultural B. fond C. photographic D. shared 47.A. collective B. creative C. lost D. parental · 解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。 解题策略 一、先拆 “形”：抓同形词的 “差异标志” · 词根 / 词缀差异：比如 “-spect”（看）相关的 inspect（检查，往里看）、respect（尊重，反复看）、suspect（怀疑，从下看），通过词根含义 + 词缀（in-/re-/sus-）的指向性区分。 · 搭配词差异：同形词组的差异常体现在介词 / 副词上，如 put away（收起来）、put down（放下 / 写下）、put off（推迟），介词 / 副词（away/down/off）直接决定词组意义，需重点关注空前后的搭配对象（如 put off 后接 “时间”，put down 后接 “文字 / 物品”）。 · 词性差异：少数同形词词性不同（如 desert 作动词 “抛弃”，作名词 “沙漠”），通过空处所需词性（根据语法结构判断，如空前是冠词则需名词，空前是情态动词则需动词）快速排除； 二、再对 “义”：用语境 “锚定” 精准含义 · 抓上下文 “语义线索”：空前后的名词、动词、形容词往往会暗示所需词义。比如空后是 “a plan”，则 “adopt（采纳）” 比 “adapt（适应）” 更合适；若空后是 “to a new life”，则 “adapt” 更贴合。 · 扣逻辑 “方向一致”：利用转折（but）、因果（so）等逻辑信号词，判断空处需 “肯定 / 否定”“积极 / 消极”“主动 / 被动” 含义。 （2024年虹口区二模） While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies. 51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed ※ 2024一模·普陀·53 “The scientific evidence is ____53____ -- we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop ____54____ greenhouse gases,” read a statement from Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, which also ____55____ that this summer was the hottest on record. 53. A. irresistible B. unchangeable C. inaccessible D. unbearable 54. A. conveying B. releasing C. relieving D. dismissing 55. A. predicted B. expected C. doubted D. determined · 解题技巧五: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。  解题策略 一、抓 “原词复现”：锁定重复的 “词汇锚点” 1.同词复现 2. 同义复现 3. 反义复现 二、借 “同现”：绑定主题的 “词汇链” 同现指围绕文章主题 / 场景，相关词汇（如类别词、场景词）共同出现（形成 “词汇链”），空处需符合该链条的范畴。 三、验证：复现 / 同现与逻辑是否兼容 （2024年嘉定区二模） Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ____47____, who are pointing out that it has come at a significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive. ........... This trend helps young people moderate spending by _____50_____ the idea of living within budgets.” ...........but a cool way for the younger generation to _____55_____ their finances. 47. A. male B. female C. young D. old （2023·上海金山·统考二模） As a matter of fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effort. Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive process where draw on discoveries made by others to ___(gradually)___ advance the boundaries of human knowledge. 45．A．terrific B．constant C．intellectual D．individual · 解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。 解题策略 一、先抓 “语言规则”：用搭配和句型缩小选项范围 · 锁定固定搭配的 “核心词” · 利用常用句型的 “结构特征” 二、再用 “语境常识”：靠生活 / 文化验证选项合理性 · 关联生活经验，排除 “逻辑矛盾” 选项 · 规避文化误区，贴合 “语境背景” （2023·上海虹口·统考二模） The majority of America’s 700,000 or so eateries now ____(distribute)____ by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is ____44____ time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models. Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway.com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus ____45____. 44．A．friendly to B．experienced in C．short of D．responsible for 45．A．outside B．right C．online D．free · 解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。 解题策略 1. 拆主干：剥离从句、插入语等修饰，抓主谓宾核心； 2. 定成分：明确空处语法角色（如主语、定语），按规则筛选项； 3. 联逻辑：借从句、并列结构的逻辑（因果、限定等）找语义线索； 4. 验全句：代入选项，查语法合规性与语义贴合度。 （2024-2025学年上海七宝中学高三上学期英语月考卷） Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for ____24____ their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock. 24. A. displaying B. supervising C. respecting D. predicting 25. A. shared B. assessed C. perfected D. applied （2023·上海宝山·统考二模） Some people try to _____53_____ themselves from the song, and it works. You can try reading a book, listening to a different song or even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in question,because it is commonly believed that earworms occurwhen you remember only part of a song; hearing the entire song may stop it. Neurologists (神经学家) point outthat it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the _____55_____ of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory. However, it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than 24 hours. 53. A. perceive B. isolate C. distract D. identify 54. A. seek out B. act out C. cast out D. knock out 55. A. proportion B. intensity C. integrity D. preference ※ 2024一模·闵行 ·50 A recent study of cross-cultural observational data lasting the past 100 years—much of which was ___50___ by Man the Hunter contributors—found that women from a wide range of cultures hunt animals for food. 79 percent of the 63 societies with clear descriptions of their hunting strategies reportedly feature women ___51___. The women are involved in hunting regardless of their childbearing status. 50. A. quoted B. ignored C. collected D. stored 附1：完形填空高频词汇 动词 abandon; absorb; acquire; activate; adapt; address; adjust; adopt; affect; alter; avoid; ask; add balance; bring up; bring challenge; collect; change; convince; come back; carry out; choose; contain; come; cooperate; commit; counter; complete; compose define; distribute; decrease; discourage; dominate; drive; experience; escape; enter; end; emphasize; envy; educate; equal; ease find; forbid; function; fasten; facilitate; force; form gain; go with; give into; get; grant; guess interest; introduce; judge; improve; inquire; indicate; involve; inspire; impact on limit; load; lay off; learn make; miss; make any progress organize; operate; prove; propose; prevent; protect; ruin; require; relieve; realize; relate; receive; resist; reach; recall; risk; review; stress; send; spread; spread out; serve any purpose; smile; share; sleep take; take any advantage; use; understand; win any support 名词 addict; advance; advantage; admire; attraction; aspect; adolescent; adulthood; amount; achievement; accommodation; ability; association; behavior; benefit; business; coincidence; chance; comparison; concept; condition; culture; case; company; childhood; custom; case; cause; cleaner; comparison; distraction; decision; donation; disease; distinction; evidence; expense; effort; extent; emotion; event; entertainment; falsehood; figure; fairness; feeling; fact; guidance; habit; harmony; handwriting; innovation; innocence; inquiry; intention; intent; interest; implement; impact; issue; interaction; knowledge; live; local; invitation; leisure; look; mystery; method; mood; minority; majority; mass; minimum; neighborhood; object; occasion; purpose; productivity; postponement; payment; peace; procedure; question; quantity; quality; resistance; risk; receipt; reception; result; restaurant; reform; responsibility; resource; score; scene; survey; surrounding; service; support; structure; smile; temptation; trend; tiredness; thickness; thought; trouble; tourist; transport; trust; visitor; view; wait; 形容词 alarming; active; alert; alternative; appropriate; appropriate; alternative; better; charming; calm; critical; concerning; courageous; creative; clearer; complex; crucial; compulsory; disappointing; delighted; extraordinary; encouraging; environmental; economic; earlier; frustrating; familiar; faster; generous; geographic; harmless; historical; inevitable; instructing; important; imaginary; innovative; individual; logic; longer; later; major; national; opposite; objective; preventable; persistent; ridiculous; resistant; relevant; strange ; silent; sustainable; sufficient; small; satisfied; same; similar; slower; slight; separate; smaller; shorter; sustainable; true; tough; temporary; unfamiliar; unblocked; universal; unconscious; unique; useful wrong; wider; 副词 accidentally; by contrast; Besides; consequently; considerably; constantly; consciously; deliberately; delicately; equally; eventually; equivalently; fully; For example; gradually; however; happily; In particular; In conclusion; In comparison; in a word; in addition; in want of; in case of; in favour of; in addition to; meanwhile; Moreover; necessarily; otherwise; obviously; occasionally; really; readily; really; rather; respectively; seriously; Therefore; what’s more; 附2：完形填空常见形近词： 1. fer 1. confer商议； 2.offer提供；3.differ与不同；4.infer推断；5.prefer更喜欢；6.suffer遭受；7.refer提及，参考；8.transfer转移 2.form 1.inform通知；2.perform表演、表现；3.platform站台；4.transform转变、变革；5.uniform制服； 1.formal正式的；2.former前者；3. information信息；4.format格式；5.formula方程式；6.formation形成 3.pose 1.compose组成；2.dispose处置；3.deposit存钱；4.expose暴露；5.impose强加；6.oppose反对；7.propose提议、求婚；8. purpose目的；9.suppose猜想、假设 4.fine 1.define下定义；2.refine提炼；3.confine局限于；4.infinite无限的；5.finite有限的；6.finish完成 5.quire 1.require要求；2.inquire打听，询问；3.acquire获得 6.serve 1.deserve值得；2.reserve预订；3.conserve保留；4.preserve保存；5.conservative保守的；6.observe观察 7.vis 1.vision视力，远见；2.visual视觉的；3.visible可见的；4.television电视；5.visit参观； 1.revise修改；2.device装置；3.advise建议；4.supervise监督 8.scribe 1.describe描述；2.prescribe开处方；3.script手稿 9.port 1.export出口；2.import进口；3.transport运输；4. opportunity机会；5.support支持；6.passport护照 1.portable可携带的；2.portion部分；3.proportion比例 10.part 1.partner伙伴；2.particular特别的；3.participate参与 11.pend 1.expend花费；2.depend依靠；3.suspend延缓；悬浮；4. indispensable不可或缺；5.expenditure花销 12.sume 1.assume猜想、承担；2.consume消耗、消费；3.presume假设；4.resume简历；重新开始 13.press 1.depress压抑；2.express表达；迅速的；3.impress给…印象；3.compress压缩；4.oppress压迫5.pressure压力 14.spect 1.aspect方面；2.respect尊敬，方面；3.perspective观点；4.suspect怀疑；5.prospect前景；6.inspect检查；7.expect期待 1.spectator观众；2.spectacular壮观的 1.species物种；2.special特别的；3.specialized专门的；4.specific具体的；5.specify具体说明 15.vail 1.available可用的；2.prevail流行 16.lect 1.select挑选；2.elect选举；3.collect收集；4.neglect忽视；5.intellect智力；6.dialect方言；7.reflect反映、反射 17.lieve 1.believe相信；2.relieve解放；3.achieve获得 18.verse 1.adverse不利的；2.diverse各种各样；3.universe宇宙的；4.reverse颠倒，倒转；5.converse交谈、相反的；6.university大学；7. version版本，译本；8. anniversary周年纪念日 19.volve 1.revolve旋转、革命；2.involve包含、牵连；3.evolve进化 1.volume数额、音量 20.ssion 1.passion激情；2.commission佣金、委员会；3.mission使命；4.session议程 21.ill 1.mill作坊；2.pill药丸；3.spill溅；4.bill账单；5.till直到；6.thrill激动 22.mit 1.commit犯….错误；2.omit省略；3.limit限制；4.permit允许；5.emit泄漏，释放；6.transmit传播；7.submit提交、屈服于；8.summit峰会 23.sue 1.issue话题2.pursue追求3.tissue（肌肉）组织 24.ray 1.pray祷告；2.spray喷射；3.tray托盘；4.betray背叛；5.gray灰色 25.stance 1.instance事例；2.distance距离；3.substance物质；4.circumstance环境 26.stitute 1.constitute组成、宪法；2.institute机构；3.substitute代替； 27.tract 1.attract吸引；2.distract（使）分心；3.contract签合同，收缩；4.abstract抽象的，摘要；5.subtract减；6.tractor拖拉机；7.extract提取：榨取 28.ceed 1.exceed超过；2.succeed成功、接替；3.proceed继续 29.cede 1.recede衰退；2.concede给予；3.precede在..之前 30.struct 1.structure结构；2.instruct指导；3.construct建筑；4.destruct毁灭 31.sist 1.assist协助；2.consist组成；3.resist反抗；4.persist坚持；5.insist坚持；6.sister姐妹 32.ash 1.clash碰撞；2.crash碰碎；3.smash粉碎 33.rrow 1.borrow借；2.narrow狭窄的；3.arrow剑；4.sparrow麻雀；5.sorrow悲伤；6. tomorrow明天 34.llow 1.fellow伙伴；2.follow跟随；3.hollow空心的；4.pillow枕头；5.yellow黄色的；6.allow允许；7.shallow浅的；8.swallow吞、燕子 35.tain 1.attain达到；2.contain包含；3.obtain获得；4.stain污渍；5.sustain支持、持续；6.entertain娱乐；7.retain滞留；8.maintain保持 36.ulate 1.stimulate刺激；2.accumulate积蓄；3.calculate计算；4.speculate推测；5.regulate调节；6.circulate循环 37.prise 1.comprise组成；2.surprise惊讶；3.enterprise企业 38.fuse 1.confuse使..疑惑；2.refuse拒绝；3.diffuse熔化 39.gress 1.progress进步；2.regress倒退；3.aggressive进攻性的；4.congress国会 40.vention 1.convention传统、会议；2.invention发明；3.adventure冒险；4.intervention干预；5.prevent阻止；6.event大事件 实战训练 一、名校试题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Why Can’t We Stop Longing for the Good Old Days? People in many countries are longing for the good old days. When asked if life in their country is better or worse today than it was 50 years ago, 31% of Britons, 41% of Americans and 46% of the French say it is worse. Psychologists say this kind of nostalgia is natural and sometimes even 1 : It helps give us a sense of stability and predictability. For individuals, nostalgia is especially common when we experience rapid 2 like retirement or moving to a new country. Similarly, 3 nostalgia — a longing for the good old days when life was simpler and people behaved better — can also be a source of strength in difficult times. But when exactly were the good old days? Podcaster Jason Feifer 4 an episode of his program to this question. The most popular answer seemed to be the 1950s, so Mr. Feifer asked historians whether Americans in that decade thought it was particularly pleasant. Definitely not. In the 1950s, Americans sociologists worried that widespread individualism was 5 the family. There were serious racial and class 6 , and everyone lived under the nuclear threat. 7 , many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce (离婚) rates, the American family would soon 8 to exist. Many people at the time 9 the Victorian era, when families were strong and children respected their elders. Why so? One possibility is that we know we 10 past dangers, so they seem smaller now. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. Radio didn’t  ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. Another reason is that past events are often 11 by personal nostalgia. Were the good old days, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more 12 memories during adolescence than any other period of our lives. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily 13 us, with dangerous consequence. Longing for the past and fear of the future inhibit the experiments and innovations that drive progress. As inventor William Petty observed, “When a new invention was born, every man objected...Not one inventor of a hundred 14 this torture (折磨).” Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. And not all fears about the future are 15 . New technologies do result in accidents. The only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. 1．A．awkward B．useful C．distinct D．occasional. 2．A．transmissions B．transformations C．transportations D．transitions 3．A．temporary B．sophisticated C．imaginary D．collective 4．A．devoted B．wrote C．circulated D．integrated 5．A．giving out B．turning down C．giving out D．tearing apart 6．A．tensions B．exploitations C．regulations D．interactions 7．A．On the other hand B．In fact C．In short D．By contrast 8．A．cease B．demand C．continue D．deserve 9．A．idealized B．identified C．constructed D．rejected 10．A．modified B．disrupted C．survived D．expected 11．A．corrupted B．colored C．initiated D．contradicted 12．A．shallow B．blank C．fond D．ritual 13．A．credit B．facilitate C．oblige D．deceive 14．A．escaped B．encountered C．wrestled D．initiated 15．A．grounded B．detected C．unfounded D．digested Passage 02 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷 “Britain moves closer to a self-driving revolution,” said a message from the Department for Transport that popped into my inbox on Wednesday morning. The purpose of the message was to let us know that the government is changing the Highway Code to “ 16 the first self-driving vehicles are introduced safely on UK roads” and to “clarify drivers’ responsibilities in self-driving vehicles, including when a driver must be ready to 17 control”. The changes will specify that while travelling in self-driving mode, motorists must be ready to resume control 18 if they are prompted to, such as when they approach motorway exits. They also signal a puzzling 19 to current regulations, allowing drivers “to view content that is not related to driving on built-in display screens while the self-driving vehicle is in control”. Reassuringly, 20 , it will still be illegal to use mobile phones in self-driving mode, “given the greater risk they pose in distracting drivers as shown in research”. As usual, the announcement comes coated in 21 optimism. It claims selfless-driving is all happening “while boosting economic growth across the nation and securing Britain’s place as a global science superpower”. But what 22 is this self-driving capability that is being enabled by our local superpower? Turns out it’s ALKS, which is an acronym (首字母缩略词) for “automated lane keeping systems”, an interesting technology that “enables a vehicle to drive itself in a single lane, up to 37 mph, while 23 the ability to return control easily and safely to the driver when required”. Wow! Now for a(n) 24 check. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) defines six levels of driving automation, ranging from 0 (fully 25 ) to 5 (fully autonomous). Level 1 is where the car has a single system for driver assistance. Adaptive cruise control, where the vehicle is kept at a safe distance behind the next car, is a(n) 26 , because the human driver monitors the other aspects of driving, such as steering and braking. Level 2 is “ 27 driving automation”. The car can control both steering and accelerating/decelerating. But it 28 self-driving because a human sits in the driver’s seat and can take control of the car at any time. So what the government calls ALKS is actually a slightly 29 version of Level 2 automation, because it’s confined to speeds of 37 mph or less. But to talk about this Level 2 automation as “self-driving” is quite a stretch, even for the Johnson government. We may one day get to Level 5 — to vehicles that do not require 30 and won’t even have steering wheels or acceleration/braking pedals. But it won’t happen just yet. 16．A．deny B．ensure C．argue D．prove 17．A．hand over B．rely on C．take back D．give up 18．A．in a timely way B．on a regular basis C．by a useful means D．at a long interval 19．A．limit B．solution C．approach D．shift 20．A．however B．otherwise C．therefore D．besides 21．A．cautious B．renewed C．false D．considerable 22．A．seemingly B．potentially C．exactly D．theoretically 23．A．abandoning B．enhancing C．maintaining D．questioning 24．A．reality B．performance C．endurance D．risk 25．A．manual B．automatic C．equipped D．grown 26．A．exception B．downside C．example D．outcome 27．A．partial B．full C．gradual D．virtual 28．A．comes up with B．lives up to C．falls short of D．zeros in on 29．A．updated B．initial C．standard D．degraded 30．A．regular maintenance B．human attention C．autonomous operation D．great intelligence Passage 03 【来源】上海市向明中学2025-2026学年高三上学期九月月考英语检测 To Dreamland With Stuffed Animals I have always envied people who can slip right into sleep. Bedtime is 31 calm for me. Just when I wish I could 32 off, I find myself up against anxious thoughts. Counting sheep is no match for my mind’s nightly churn, but hugging one is. I 33 the habit of sleeping with stuffed animals in the early days of the pandemic, when I grabbed a polar bear from my childhood bedroom to 34 bad news and fear. I had never been particularly attached to him as a kid, but he was the perfect size to hold in my 35 adult arms. Although I can’t be sure how common this is, I’m probably not alone. In a 2017 survey of U.S. adults, 40 percent of respondents said that they still slept with stuffed animals. Since I rediscovered that polar bear, I have settled into 36 a cast of childhood favorites and a lightly weighted, heatable Warmies cow I bought for myself. It is perhaps no surprise that I turned to stuffed animals during a period of 37 stress. Max Genecov at the University of Pennsylvania pointed out that stuffed animals can be “transitional objects.” This psychological term is often used with regard to children for an item that provides comfort during times of anxiety or change. Companies have also taken note of adults’ childlike 38 in this regard and are integrating these ideas into their marketing of things that can help adults sleep. If all of this seems rather childish, it is! Kids love stuffed animals because they’re cozy and just personified enough to provide a bit of 39 comfort. That’s a great way for kids to self-soothe. We adults can do the same thing. Jennifer Goldschmied, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, told me when people go to sleep, self-soothing reduces “cognitive arousal,” the type of active thinking that 40 a person’s waking hours. While it is a myth that the human brain shuts off for sleep, people still have to enter a more relaxed mindset to drift off. 41 , the act of hugging has also been associated with stress relief. A study found that 42 a huggable communication device lowered stress hormones (激素) in blood and saliva (唾液). Maybe that’s why I reached for that polar bear during a stressful time. Stuffed animals have improved my sleep in the long term by establishing a calming bedtime routine, which Goldschmied emphasized is “probably the single most important thing in getting a better night of sleep.” Over time, the brain will come to expect that performing these rituals can help 43 the body into a restful state. In my case, putting down my book or phone and picking up my stuffed animal creates a 44 between sleep and other activities, prompting me to unwind. I can’t end with a specific stuffed animal to recommend, or any guarantees, but I can extend to you my permission to 45 in some childlike comfort. Whichever one you choose, you might end up with only a piece of cute decor, but you might also reintroduce a bit of joy, gentleness, and comfort to your nightly routine. Either way, don’t forget to wash them! 31．A．sometimes B．rarely C．often D．usually 32．A．wipe B．switch C．drift D．take 33．A．rediscovered B．avoided C．forgot D．ignored 34．A．bounce off B．make up C．ward off D．put up 35．A．strong B．mature C．fruitful D．anxious 36．A．rotating B．inventing C．creating D．featuring 37．A．accelerated B．reduced C．boomed D．heightened 38．A．memories B．tendencies C．communications D．medications 39．A．individual B．economical C．political D．social 40．A．decreases B．occupies C．dominates D．enriches 41．A．In addition B．However C．Thus D．Meanwhile 42．A．participating in B．taking care of C．being familiar with D．interacting with 43．A．translate B．transition C．transmit D．transfer 44．A．connection B．habit C．boundary D．example 45．A．indulge B．immerse C．dive D．push 二、真题演练 2022年1月春考 Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts, according to a team of experts, A review of research evidence concludes there is nothing to support claims that sugar free versions of popular soft drinks can help (4l) _______obesity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry sponsored studies reporting"favourable"associations between diet drinks and weight loss may be biased, it claims. There have been concerns that diet drinks, known as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead people to consume more calories by(42) ________sweet flavour taste buds. The new study found that evidence (43) _________the healthiness of ASBs was inconclusive with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) producing mixed results. Senor investigator Professor Christopher Millett said: "A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a(n)(44)for full sugar versions However, we found no solid evidence to support this The researchers pointed out that research supported by food or beverage companies was more likely to find no evidence of links between sugary drink (45) _________ and obesity than non-industry sponsored research. Similarly, ASB industry-sponsored research was "more likely to report favourable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects on weight control” In many cases. researchers had failed to disclose (47) __________of interest relating to links with the food industry. it was claimed. Coauthor Dr Marin Carolina Borges said: “The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives to SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)." Leading British nutritionist Professor Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was no reason to believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “For people seeking to manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink to choose , for health and the environment , but far many people who are used to drinking sugary drinks, this will be loo hard a change to (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ direction to cut calories." Dietitian Professor Tom Sanders, was also critical of the research, calling it “an opinion piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review of the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely to add to public (55 )_____________.” 41. A. relieve B. oppose C. prevent D. bother 42. A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing 43. A. resulting from B. referring to C.depending on D. relating to 44. A. Substitute B.proposal C.suspect D.implication 45. A. Efficiency B.consumption C.distribution D.modernization 46. A. appointments B.instructions C.performances D.conclusions 47. A. threats B. matters C. conflicts D.appeals 48. A. adequate B.essential C.available D. deliberate 49. A initiatives B.alternatives C.objectives D.representatives 50. A. without question B. beyond description C. around the corner D. in consequence 51. A. settle B. route C. mend D. make 52. A. wrong B. right C. proper D. opposite 53. A. democratic B. automatic C. systematic D. dramatic 54. A. transferred B. ranged C. accessed D. added 55. A. fascination B. ambition C.confusion D. Isolation 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 完形填空高分突破 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择（重点） 4 考点二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词 6 考点三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义（重点） 9 考点四：注意同形词或词组的辨析（难点） 11 考点五：利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项 14 考点六：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等 16 实战精练与提升 25 考情解读 一、题型介绍 上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考查目标：词汇、语法等的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。 命题原则：是“以实词为主，虚词极少涉及，突出词汇语境化”。 题型特点：该题型难度大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型。 二、设题焦点 1. 上下文直接信息题 2. 词、句、文三结合理解题 3. 词义辨析题 4. 语法知识和固定短语考查题 5. 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题 三、解题策略 1.语义优先于语法原则 文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，据此可以对所选短文的题材有大致理解，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消失。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类)，进而预判篇章结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空格作出正确的判断。 2.词内选项句内找原则 从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。 四、命题分析 题型与分值 15 道题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 语篇特征 1. 词数一般在 350-450 词之间。2. 文本多选自外刊原文，如卫报、纽约时报、经济学人等。3. 体裁以说明文为主，尤其是知识前沿类文章。4. 逻辑紧凑严密，难度高于一般阅读材料。 核心考查 1. 词汇：以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时也会考查逻辑衔接词或短语，注重词汇在语境及篇章结构中的最优匹配。2. 逻辑：考查句子内部、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果等。3. 篇章结构理解：要求考生把握文章的整体结构和主旨，根据上下文进行推理和判断。 命题特点 1. 语义优先于语法原则，更强调对词汇语义的准确理解和运用。2. 上下文语境分析原则，答案往往需要通过对上下文的细致分析才能得出。3. 设题注重句内层次题，如利用句内语法结构、词汇线索暗示、习惯搭配及固定结构等解题。4. 文章阅读难易度指数较大，区分度高，长难句较多，是高考重难题型之一。 知识梳理 考点精讲 · 解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择 解题策略 首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 【典例】 （上海市松江二中2025-2026学年高三上学期9月开学考试题） The idea that young people today have a damaging relationship with digital technology — a relationship that leaves them 21 grounded in the real world and psychologically and socially undeveloped — is not just an old person’s concern. 21．A．basically B．effectively C．insufficiently D．desperately 【答案】21．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了Z世代与数字技术的关系，以及他们对前数字时代的怀旧情绪。虽然Z世代对社交媒体和数字技术的影响感到担忧，但他们并非完全排斥现代技术，而是通过怀旧解决对当下的不满，并积极地向未来迈进。 76．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，年轻人与数字技术之间的关系已出现隐患——这种关系使他们既未能充分扎根现实世界，又在心理和社会性层面发展不全——而持有这种担忧的，早已不单单是老年人群体。A. basically基本上；B. effectively有效地；C. insufficiently不足地；D. desperately绝望地。根据上文“a damaging relationship with digital technology”和下文“psychologically and socially undeveloped”可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与数字技术之间的有害关系产生的负面影响，所以应该是无法充分扎根于现实世界。故选C。 【典例】 （2024年宝山区二模） For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. But developments in the past few years have ___41___ these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___42___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. 41. A. denied B. prevented C. transferred D. intensified 42. A. function B. possibility C. capability D. character 【答案】41. D 42. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人工智能的发展，它在某些领域中的应用，但是人工智能并不能完全取代人类。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着公司发布了可以问答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能，过去几年的发展加剧了这些担忧。A. denied否认；B. prevented阻止；C. transferred转移；D. intensified强化。根据下文“these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___42___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. (这些担忧是因为公司已经发布了可以回答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能。现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能的___2___取代他们。但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，过去几年人工智能的发展加剧了这些担忧。故选D项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。A. function功能；B. possibility可能性；C. capability能力；D. character性格。根据上文“For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. (几十年来，人们一直猜测人工智能（AI）最终将取代人类工人。)”及下文“But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. (但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，此处表示考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。故选B项。 ※ 2024一模·宝山·42 Ideally, childhood is a time of growth and learning, preparing for adulthood and also having fun. But for many children around the world, this time is cut short when they are forced to work, sometimes in dangerous conditions. ___41___, the United Nations (U.N.), some national governments and other organizations ___42___ June 12 as the annual World Day Against Child Labor. 42. A. recognize B. discover C. choose D. consider 【答案】 42. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了理想情况下，童年是一个成长和学习的时期，为成年做准备，也有乐趣。但对于世界各地的许多儿童来说，当他们被迫工作，有时在危险的条件下工作时，这段时间就缩短了。因此，联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。A. recognize认定；B. discover发现；C. choose选择；D. consider考虑。根据句意以及该句中的“June 12 as the annual World Day Against Child Labor.”由此可知，此处应表示联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。故选A项。 · 解题技巧二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。 解题策略 做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关系： 1　 对立关系 包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。 2　 因果关系 常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。 3　 并列关系 常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。 4　 总分关系 常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。 5　 递进关系 常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。 【典例】 （上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考题） 7 , many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce (离婚) rates, the American family would soon 8 to exist. 7．A．On the other hand B．In fact C．In short D．By contrast 【答案】7．B 7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，20世纪50年代的许多人认为，美好的旧时光将在一代人之前的20世纪20年代就能找到。A. On the other hand另一方面；B. In fact事实上；C. In short总之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文“many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s”可知，20世纪50年代的许多人认为，美好的旧时光将在一代人之前的20世纪20年代就能找到，这是一个客观存在的事实。故选B。 【典例】 （上海市晋元中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试题） Unfortunately, she points out, people tend to 34 both their abilities and the speed with which they can learn new things: “Our research shows that people think it’s not so bad to lie about having a skill they might have in the future, but if you combine that with people being really bad at knowing what skills they’ll have in the future, it becomes very 35 .” 34．A．downplay B．overestimate C．misinterpret D．dislike 35．A．urgent B．convenient C．dangerous D．enlightening 【答案】 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家发现，人们之所以容易原谅当下的谎言，是因为相信它“将来可能成真”。只要虚假陈述符合自己的观念，人们就更愿意给它“道德通行证”。研究显示，在政界和商界常用的“理想化话术”里，这种预期自证式谎言尤其危险：大家明知简历或宣传夸大，却觉得“以后也许能实现”，于是低估撒谎的不道德性。然而，人普遍高估自己未来的能力，导致谎言永远无法兑现，带来现实风险。 104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，她指出，人们往往高估了自己的能力和学习新事物的速度：“我们的研究表明，人们认为谎称自己拥有一项未来可能拥有的技能并没有那么糟糕，但如果你把这种情况与人们真的不知道自己未来会拥有什么技能结合起来，那就变得非常危险了。”A. downplay淡化；B. overestimate高估；C. misinterpret误解；D. dislike厌恶。根据上文“If the applicant could  　　12　　  learn financial modelling skills at some time in the future, then  students didn’t think it was so unethical to be falsely claiming  knowledge of these skills in the present, even if there was no 　　13　　  that the learning would happen.”及“Unfortunately”可知，现实生活中，不幸的是，人们往往高估了自己的能力和学习新事物的速度。故选B。 105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，她指出，人们往往高估了自己的能力和学习新事物的速度：“我们的研究表明，人们认为谎称自己拥有一项未来可能拥有的技能并没有那么糟糕，但如果你把这种情况与人们真的不知道自己未来会拥有什么技能结合起来，那就变得非常危险了。”A. urgent紧急的；B. convenient方便的；C. dangerous危险的；D. enlightening启发性的。根据上文“Our research shows that people think it’s not so bad to lie about having a skill they might have in the future, but if you combine that with people being really bad at knowing what skills they’ll have in the future”中的“but”可知，此处指人们认为谎称自己拥有一项未来可能拥有的技能并没有那么糟糕，但如果你把这种情况与人们真的不知道自己未来会拥有什么技能结合起来，那就变得非常危险了。故选C。 【典例】 （2024年崇明区二模） Furthermore,___47___ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations, teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to ___49___.” 47. A. additional B. prior C. national D. independent 48. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 49. A. stretch B. adapt C. concentrate D. explore 【答案】 47. A 48. C 49. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了心理学研究人员研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差。研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师设计教室。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还需要进一步的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。A. additional额外的；B. prior优先的；C. national全国的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all educational problems.”提到作者并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。由此可知，此处说明还需要额外的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。故选A项。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文提到的需要进一步研究课堂视觉环境对孩子们影响，结合下文“I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations…”由此可知，前后句是因果关系。故选C项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. stretch伸展；B. adapt适应；C. concentrate专注于；D. explore探索。根据上文“a classroom’s ______ environment can affect how much children learn”提到教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习。由此可知，此处说明我建议老师们应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。故选C项。 · 解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。 解题策略 第一步：通读全文，锁定逻辑主线 第二步：结合语境，精准辨析词义 第三步：代入验证，排查逻辑漏洞 【典例】 （上海市华东师大第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考试题） A few years ago, I found myself really burnt out. I was struggling to motivate myself and looking at my calendar started filling me with a sort of low-grade fear. But the 61 part for me was that on the surface there wasn’t any obvious reason why I would be so tired. It didn’t seem 62 . Sure, I was busy, but no more busy than anyone else. So what was wrong with me? 61．A．integral B．confusing C．spare D．significant 62．A．wrong B．justified C．challenging D．doubtful 【答案】 61．B 62．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了作者曾陷入倦怠，表面无明显原因，后发现是15年抗拒放松、休息时愧疚长期积累所致。文章还提及倦怠的多种诱因，并给出休息、找根源等治愈建议。 61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对我来说，最令人困惑的地方在于，从表面上看，我为什么会如此疲惫并没有明显的缘由。A. integral必要的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. spare备用的；D. significant重大的。根据后文“on the surface there wasn’t any obvious reason why I would be so tired”可知，这种无明确诱因的疲惫对作者而言是令人困惑的。故选B。 62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎毫无道理。A. wrong错误的；B. justified有合理解释的；C. challenging富有挑战性的；D. doubtful怀疑的。结合上文“on the surface there wasn’t any obvious reason why I would be so tired”和后文“So what was wrong with me?”可知，作者觉得这种无缘由的疲惫没道理、不成立，故选B。 【典例】（2024年奉贤区二模） ____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life. With the teachers’ guidance and encouragement, they ____27____ together a robot with no more than metal and wires. 25. A. Reliant on B. Available to C. Short of D. Desperate for 26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However 27. A. tied B. pieced C. added D. wrapped 【答案】 25. C 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个来自贫困地区的学生参加水下机器人比赛并获胜的故事。 【25题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。A. Reliant on依赖……；B. Available to可获得；C. Short of缺乏；D. Desperate for渴望。根据后文“all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape”可知，由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们在城市里寻找各种备件，收集任何他们能把他们的愿景变为现实的东西。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在老师的指导和鼓励下，他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。A. tied系；B. pieced拼凑；C. added增加；D. wrapped包裹。根据后文“together a robot with no more than metal and wires.”可知，此处指他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。故选B。 ※ 2024一模·黄浦·46/47 Often, we love food because we have____46____ memories associated with it. My mom’s mashed potatoes (土豆泥) remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our____47____ love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better. 46.A. cultural B. fond C. photographic D. shared 47.A. collective B. creative C. lost D. parental 【答案】 46. B 47. A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者对妈妈做的土豆泥的喜爱以及食物之所以能起到安慰的作用是因为它和回忆有关。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。A. cultural文化的；B. fond美好的；C. photographic摄影的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories”可知，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。故选B。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也会被小时候照顾我们的人给我们的食物所吸引，这有助于解释我们对鸡肉面条的集体喜爱，许多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，让他们感觉好一点。A. collective集体的；B. creative有创造性的；C. lost迷失的；D. parental父母的。根据下文“which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better”可知，很多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，所以我们对鸡肉面条有集体喜爱。故选A。 · 解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。 解题策略 一、先拆 “形”：抓同形词的 “差异标志” · 词根 / 词缀差异：比如 “-spect”（看）相关的 inspect（检查，往里看）、respect（尊重，反复看）、suspect（怀疑，从下看），通过词根含义 + 词缀（in-/re-/sus-）的指向性区分。 · 搭配词差异：同形词组的差异常体现在介词 / 副词上，如 put away（收起来）、put down（放下 / 写下）、put off（推迟），介词 / 副词（away/down/off）直接决定词组意义，需重点关注空前后的搭配对象（如 put off 后接 “时间”，put down 后接 “文字 / 物品”）。 · 词性差异：少数同形词词性不同（如 desert 作动词 “抛弃”，作名词 “沙漠”），通过空处所需词性（根据语法结构判断，如空前是冠词则需名词，空前是情态动词则需动词）快速排除； 二、再对 “义”：用语境 “锚定” 精准含义 · 抓上下文 “语义线索”：空前后的名词、动词、形容词往往会暗示所需词义。比如空后是 “a plan”，则 “adopt（采纳）” 比 “adapt（适应）” 更合适；若空后是 “to a new life”，则 “adapt” 更贴合。 · 扣逻辑 “方向一致”：利用转折（but）、因果（so）等逻辑信号词，判断空处需 “肯定 / 否定”“积极 / 消极”“主动 / 被动” 含义。 （2024年虹口区二模） （2024年虹口区二模） While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies. 51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed 【答案】 51. A 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然智利采取的法律行动是迄今为止最具影响力和影响深远的，但其他国家正在考虑更新现有法律，以应对神经技术的新发展。A. far-reaching影响深远的；B. labor-saving节省劳力的；C. short-sighted目光短浅的；D. ill-timed不合时宜的。根据“the most impactful”可知，空处与形容词impactful并列，表示“影响深远的”，情感色彩一致。故选A项。 ※ 2024一模·普陀·53 “The scientific evidence is ____53____ -- we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop ____54____ greenhouse gases,” read a statement from Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, which also ____55____ that this summer was the hottest on record. 53. A. irresistible B. unchangeable C. inaccessible D. unbearable 54. A. conveying B. releasing C. relieving D. dismissing 55. A. predicted B. expected C. doubted D. determined 【答案】53. A 54. B 55. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家海洋和大气管理局的研究人员表示，上个月全球表面温度比20世纪的平均温度60.1度高出2.25度，打破了自2016年8月以来的记录，高出了半度以上。同时，文章也讲述了全球气温升高带来的一系列问题。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学证据是不可抗拒的。A. irresistible不可抗拒的；B. unchangeable无法改变的；C. inaccessible难到达的；D. unbearable无法忍受的。根据下文“we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events”可知，我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件，因此科学证据是不可抗拒的。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件影响社会和 生态系统，直到我们停止释放温室气体。A. conveying传达；B. releasing释放；C. relieving减轻；D. dismissing解雇。根据上文提到的我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件影响社会和生态系统，以及下文“greenhouse gases”可推知，直到我们停止释放温室气体，这些情况才有可能有所改观。故选B项。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。A. predicted预计；B. expected期待；C. doubted怀疑；D. determined确定。根据下文“this summer was the hottest on record”和also可知，该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。故选D项。 · 解题技巧五: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。  解题策略 一、抓 “原词复现”：锁定重复的 “词汇锚点” 1.同词复现 2. 同义复现 3. 反义复现 二、借 “同现”：绑定主题的 “词汇链” 同现指围绕文章主题 / 场景，相关词汇（如类别词、场景词）共同出现（形成 “词汇链”），空处需符合该链条的范畴。 三、验证：复现 / 同现与逻辑是否兼容 （2024年嘉定区二模） Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ____47____, who are pointing out that it has come at a significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive. ........... This trend helps young people moderate spending by _____50_____ the idea of living within budgets.” ...........but a cool way for the younger generation to _____55_____ their finances. 47. A. male B. female C. young D. old 【答案】 47. C 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从他的视频发布以来，这个概念在年轻人中迅速流行起来，他们指出，这是在一个一切都不可控地变得昂贵的重要时刻出现的。A. male男性的；B. female女性的；C. young年轻的；D. old年老的。根据下文“but a cool way for the younger generation to _______ their finances”可知，“大声预算”是年轻一代掌控自己财务状况的一种很酷的方式，这种理念很快在年轻人中流行起来。故选C。 （2023·上海金山·统考二模） As a matter of fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effort. Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive process where individuals draw on discoveries made by others to ___(gradually)___ advance the boundaries of human knowledge. 45．A．terrific B．constant C．intellectual D．individual 【答案】D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了诺贝科学奖存在的问题，并给出了解决办法。作者认为当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学从来不是个人的努力。A. terrific极好的；B. constant不断的；C. intellectual智力的；D. individual个人的。根据下文“Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists.( 艾萨克·牛顿站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上万工程师和科学家实现的梦想。)”可知，科学不是个人的努力。再下文“Science is, and always has been, and repetitive process where individuals draw on discoveries made by others”科学是个人利用他人的发现逐渐提高的， individuals 这个单词下文复现，故选D。 · 解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。 解题策略 一、先抓 “语言规则”：用搭配和句型缩小选项范围 · 锁定固定搭配的 “核心词” · 利用常用句型的 “结构特征” 二、再用 “语境常识”：靠生活 / 文化验证选项合理性 · 关联生活经验，排除 “逻辑矛盾” 选项 · 规避文化误区，贴合 “语境背景” （2023·上海虹口·统考二模） The majority of America’s 700,000 or so eateries now ____(distribute)____ by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is ____44____ time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models. Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway.com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus ____45____. 44．A．friendly to B．experienced in C．short of D．responsible for 45．A．outside B．right C．online D．free 【答案】44．C 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网上订餐的兴起和外卖公司面临的机遇和挑战。 44．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现代生活使人们更加依赖于方便食品，因为越来越多的女性工作，每个人都缺乏时间。A. friendly to对……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有经验；C. short of缺乏；D. responsible for为……负责。根据句中“more women work”可推知，根据生活常识可知：越来越多传统上负责准备食物的女性走向职场，所以大家时间都变得忙起来，都缺时间。故选C项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当欧洲的Takeaway. com和美国的Grubhub将菜单放在网上时，餐馆进入了数字世界。A. outside外边的；B. right正确的；C. online在线的，网上的；D. free免费的。根据句中“Restaurants entered the digital world”的背景知识可推知，Takeaway. com和Grubhub将菜单放到网上。故选C项。 · 解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。 解题策略 1. 拆主干：剥离从句、插入语等修饰，抓主谓宾核心； 2. 定成分：明确空处语法角色（如主语、定语），按规则筛选项； 3. 联逻辑：借从句、并列结构的逻辑（因果、限定等）找语义线索； 4. 验全句：代入选项，查语法合规性与语义贴合度。 （2024-2025学年上海七宝中学高三上学期英语月考卷） Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for ____24____ their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock. 24. A. displaying B. supervising C. respecting D. predicting 25. A. shared B. assessed C. perfected D. applied 【答案】 24. B 25. C 【导语】本文属于说明文，文章描述了美国从1815年前后制造业从传统的手工艺生产方式向机械化、工厂化生产方式转变的历史过程。文章详细介绍了这一转型对工作组织方式、工人地位及劳资关系等方面的影响，同时也反映了早期劳动者的抵抗和劳工运动的发展。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学徒被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅不仅要负责教学徒一门手艺，还要为他们提供一些教育，并监督他们的道德行为。A. displaying展示；B. supervising监督；C. respecting尊敬；D. predicting预测。根据上文“masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for”和下文“their moral behavior”可知，师傅有责任确保学徒的行为符合社会道德标准，即师傅监督学徒的道德行为。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：熟练工知道如果他们完善自己的技能，就可以成为受人尊敬的大师级工匠，并拥有自己的店铺。A. shared分享；B. assessed评估；C. perfected完善；D. applied应用。根据下文“their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops”可知，熟练工通过提高自己的技术水平，即完善自己的技能，达到职业上的成功。故选C。 （2023·上海宝山·统考二模） Some people try to _____53_____ themselves from the song, and it works. You can try reading a book, listening to a different song or even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in question, because it is commonly believed that earworms occur when you remember only part of a song; hearing the entire song may stop it. Neurologists (神经学家) point out that it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the _____55_____ of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory. However, it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than 24 hours. 53. A. perceive B. isolate C. distract D. identify 54. A. seek out B. act out C. cast out D. knock out 55. A. proportion B. intensity C. integrity D. preference 【答案】 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一直萦绕在人们脑海里的洗脑音乐的特点及摆脱它的一些方法。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人试图让自己从这首歌中分心，这很有效。A. perceive感知；B. isolate孤立；C. distract使分心；D. identify识别。根据下文“You can try reading a book, listening to a different song or even playing an instrument.”可知，分散自己的注意力是一种有效方法。故选C项。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一些人则会找出有问题的曲调，因为人们普遍认为，当你只记住一首歌的一部分时，洗脑音乐就会出现；听完整首歌可能会让它停下来。A. seek out找出；B. act out付诸行动；C. cast out驱逐；D. knock out击倒。根据后文“the tune in question”可知，有些人会找出成为洗脑音乐的音乐片段，然后将歌曲完整听完试图停止脑海中的洗脑音乐。故选A项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：神经学家指出，建议嚼口香糖来减轻洗脑音乐的强度，因为下巴的运动会干扰 音乐记忆。A. proportion比例；B. intensity强度；C. integrity完整；D. preference偏好。根据后文“because jaw movement interferes with musical memory”可知，嚼口香糖可以减轻洗脑音乐的强度。故选B项。 ※ 2024一模·闵行 ·50 A recent study of cross-cultural observational data lasting the past 100 years—much of which was ___50___ by Man the Hunter contributors—found that women from a wide range of cultures hunt animals for food. 79 percent of the 63 societies with clear descriptions of their hunting strategies reportedly feature women ___51___. The women are involved in hunting regardless of their childbearing status. 50. A. quoted B. ignored C. collected D. stored 【答案】 50. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究认为女性也是人类历史中重要的狩猎者，而不只是男性。文章详述了研究的过程 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近一项对过去100年的跨文化观察数据的研究发现，来自不同文化背景的女性都以捕猎动物为食，其中很多都被“男性狩猎”的贡献者忽略了。A. quoted引用；B. ignored忽略；C. collected收集；D. stored存储。根据后文的“by Man the Hunter contributors”以及“women from a wide range of cultures hunt animals for food”可知，来自不同文化背景的女性都以捕猎动物为食，这件事被“男性是狩猎”的贡献者忽略了。故选B项。 附1：完形填空高频词汇 动词 abandon; absorb; acquire; activate; adapt; address; adjust; adopt; affect; alter; avoid; ask; add balance; bring up; bring challenge; collect; change; convince; come back; carry out; choose; contain; come; cooperate; commit; counter; complete; compose define; distribute; decrease; discourage; dominate; drive; experience; escape; enter; end; emphasize; envy; educate; equal; ease find; forbid; function; fasten; facilitate; force; form gain; go with; give into; get; grant; guess interest; introduce; judge; improve; inquire; indicate; involve; inspire; impact on limit; load; lay off; learn make; miss; make any progress organize; operate; prove; propose; prevent; protect; ruin; require; relieve; realize; relate; receive; resist; reach; recall; risk; review; stress; send; spread; spread out; serve any purpose; smile; share; sleep take; take any advantage; use; understand; win any support 名词 addict; advance; advantage; admire; attraction; aspect; adolescent; adulthood; amount; achievement; accommodation; ability; association; behavior; benefit; business; coincidence; chance; comparison; concept; condition; culture; case; company; childhood; custom; case; cause; cleaner; comparison; distraction; decision; donation; disease; distinction; evidence; expense; effort; extent; emotion; event; entertainment; falsehood; figure; fairness; feeling; fact; guidance; habit; harmony; handwriting; innovation; innocence; inquiry; intention; intent; interest; implement; impact; issue; interaction; knowledge; live; local; invitation; leisure; look; mystery; method; mood; minority; majority; mass; minimum; neighborhood; object; occasion; purpose; productivity; postponement; payment; peace; procedure; question; quantity; quality; resistance; risk; receipt; reception; result; restaurant; reform; responsibility; resource; score; scene; survey; surrounding; service; support; structure; smile; temptation; trend; tiredness; thickness; thought; trouble; tourist; transport; trust; visitor; view; wait; 形容词 alarming; active; alert; alternative; appropriate; appropriate; alternative; better; charming; calm; critical; concerning; courageous; creative; clearer; complex; crucial; compulsory; disappointing; delighted; extraordinary; encouraging; environmental; economic; earlier; frustrating; familiar; faster; generous; geographic; harmless; historical; inevitable; instructing; important; imaginary; innovative; individual; logic; longer; later; major; national; opposite; objective; preventable; persistent; ridiculous; resistant; relevant; strange ; silent; sustainable; sufficient; small; satisfied; same; similar; slower; slight; separate; smaller; shorter; sustainable; true; tough; temporary; unfamiliar; unblocked; universal; unconscious; unique; useful wrong; wider; 副词 accidentally; by contrast; Besides; consequently; considerably; constantly; consciously; deliberately; delicately; equally; eventually; equivalently; fully; For example; gradually; however; happily; In particular; In conclusion; In comparison; in a word; in addition; in want of; in case of; in favour of; in addition to; meanwhile; Moreover; necessarily; otherwise; obviously; occasionally; really; readily; really; rather; respectively; seriously; Therefore; what’s more; 附2：完形填空常见形近词： 1. fer 1. confer商议； 2.offer提供；3.differ与不同；4.infer推断；5.prefer更喜欢；6.suffer遭受；7.refer提及，参考；8.transfer转移 2.form 1.inform通知；2.perform表演、表现；3.platform站台；4.transform转变、变革；5.uniform制服； 1.formal正式的；2.former前者；3. information信息；4.format格式；5.formula方程式；6.formation形成 3.pose 1.compose组成；2.dispose处置；3.deposit存钱；4.expose暴露；5.impose强加；6.oppose反对；7.propose提议、求婚；8. purpose目的；9.suppose猜想、假设 4.fine 1.define下定义；2.refine提炼；3.confine局限于；4.infinite无限的；5.finite有限的；6.finish完成 5.quire 1.require要求；2.inquire打听，询问；3.acquire获得 6.serve 1.deserve值得；2.reserve预订；3.conserve保留；4.preserve保存；5.conservative保守的；6.observe观察 7.vis 1.vision视力，远见；2.visual视觉的；3.visible可见的；4.television电视；5.visit参观； 1.revise修改；2.device装置；3.advise建议；4.supervise监督 8.scribe 1.describe描述；2.prescribe开处方；3.script手稿 9.port 1.export出口；2.import进口；3.transport运输；4. opportunity机会；5.support支持；6.passport护照 1.portable可携带的；2.portion部分；3.proportion比例 10.part 1.partner伙伴；2.particular特别的；3.participate参与 11.pend 1.expend花费；2.depend依靠；3.suspend延缓；悬浮；4. indispensable不可或缺；5.expenditure花销 12.sume 1.assume猜想、承担；2.consume消耗、消费；3.presume假设；4.resume简历；重新开始 13.press 1.depress压抑；2.express表达；迅速的；3.impress给…印象；3.compress压缩；4.oppress压迫5.pressure压力 14.spect 1.aspect方面；2.respect尊敬，方面；3.perspective观点；4.suspect怀疑；5.prospect前景；6.inspect检查；7.expect期待 1.spectator观众；2.spectacular壮观的 1.species物种；2.special特别的；3.specialized专门的；4.specific具体的；5.specify具体说明 15.vail 1.available可用的；2.prevail流行 16.lect 1.select挑选；2.elect选举；3.collect收集；4.neglect忽视；5.intellect智力；6.dialect方言；7.reflect反映、反射 17.lieve 1.believe相信；2.relieve解放；3.achieve获得 18.verse 1.adverse不利的；2.diverse各种各样；3.universe宇宙的；4.reverse颠倒，倒转；5.converse交谈、相反的；6.university大学；7. version版本，译本；8. anniversary周年纪念日 19.volve 1.revolve旋转、革命；2.involve包含、牵连；3.evolve进化 1.volume数额、音量 20.ssion 1.passion激情；2.commission佣金、委员会；3.mission使命；4.session议程 21.ill 1.mill作坊；2.pill药丸；3.spill溅；4.bill账单；5.till直到；6.thrill激动 22.mit 1.commit犯….错误；2.omit省略；3.limit限制；4.permit允许；5.emit泄漏，释放；6.transmit传播；7.submit提交、屈服于；8.summit峰会 23.sue 1.issue话题2.pursue追求3.tissue（肌肉）组织 24.ray 1.pray祷告；2.spray喷射；3.tray托盘；4.betray背叛；5.gray灰色 25.stance 1.instance事例；2.distance距离；3.substance物质；4.circumstance环境 26.stitute 1.constitute组成、宪法；2.institute机构；3.substitute代替； 27.tract 1.attract吸引；2.distract（使）分心；3.contract签合同，收缩；4.abstract抽象的，摘要；5.subtract减；6.tractor拖拉机；7.extract提取：榨取 28.ceed 1.exceed超过；2.succeed成功、接替；3.proceed继续 29.cede 1.recede衰退；2.concede给予；3.precede在..之前 30.struct 1.structure结构；2.instruct指导；3.construct建筑；4.destruct毁灭 31.sist 1.assist协助；2.consist组成；3.resist反抗；4.persist坚持；5.insist坚持；6.sister姐妹 32.ash 1.clash碰撞；2.crash碰碎；3.smash粉碎 33.rrow 1.borrow借；2.narrow狭窄的；3.arrow剑；4.sparrow麻雀；5.sorrow悲伤；6. tomorrow明天 34.llow 1.fellow伙伴；2.follow跟随；3.hollow空心的；4.pillow枕头；5.yellow黄色的；6.allow允许；7.shallow浅的；8.swallow吞、燕子 35.tain 1.attain达到；2.contain包含；3.obtain获得；4.stain污渍；5.sustain支持、持续；6.entertain娱乐；7.retain滞留；8.maintain保持 36.ulate 1.stimulate刺激；2.accumulate积蓄；3.calculate计算；4.speculate推测；5.regulate调节；6.circulate循环 37.prise 1.comprise组成；2.surprise惊讶；3.enterprise企业 38.fuse 1.confuse使..疑惑；2.refuse拒绝；3.diffuse熔化 39.gress 1.progress进步；2.regress倒退；3.aggressive进攻性的；4.congress国会 40.vention 1.convention传统、会议；2.invention发明；3.adventure冒险；4.intervention干预；5.prevent阻止；6.event大事件 实战训练 一、名校试题 Passage 01 【来源】上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Why Can’t We Stop Longing for the Good Old Days? People in many countries are longing for the good old days. When asked if life in their country is better or worse today than it was 50 years ago, 31% of Britons, 41% of Americans and 46% of the French say it is worse. Psychologists say this kind of nostalgia is natural and sometimes even 1 : It helps give us a sense of stability and predictability. For individuals, nostalgia is especially common when we experience rapid 2 like retirement or moving to a new country. Similarly, 3 nostalgia — a longing for the good old days when life was simpler and people behaved better — can also be a source of strength in difficult times. But when exactly were the good old days? Podcaster Jason Feifer 4 an episode of his program to this question. The most popular answer seemed to be the 1950s, so Mr. Feifer asked historians whether Americans in that decade thought it was particularly pleasant. Definitely not. In the 1950s, Americans sociologists worried that widespread individualism was 5 the family. There were serious racial and class 6 , and everyone lived under the nuclear threat. 7 , many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce (离婚) rates, the American family would soon 8 to exist. Many people at the time 9 the Victorian era, when families were strong and children respected their elders. Why so? One possibility is that we know we 10 past dangers, so they seem smaller now. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. Radio didn’t  ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. Another reason is that past events are often 11 by personal nostalgia. Were the good old days, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more 12 memories during adolescence than any other period of our lives. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily 13 us, with dangerous consequence. Longing for the past and fear of the future inhibit the experiments and innovations that drive progress. As inventor William Petty observed, “When a new invention was born, every man objected...Not one inventor of a hundred 14 this torture (折磨).” Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. And not all fears about the future are 15 . New technologies do result in accidents. The only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. 1．A．awkward B．useful C．distinct D．occasional. 2．A．transmissions B．transformations C．transportations D．transitions 3．A．temporary B．sophisticated C．imaginary D．collective 4．A．devoted B．wrote C．circulated D．integrated 5．A．giving out B．turning down C．giving out D．tearing apart 6．A．tensions B．exploitations C．regulations D．interactions 7．A．On the other hand B．In fact C．In short D．By contrast 8．A．cease B．demand C．continue D．deserve 9．A．idealized B．identified C．constructed D．rejected 10．A．modified B．disrupted C．survived D．expected 11．A．corrupted B．colored C．initiated D．contradicted 12．A．shallow B．blank C．fond D．ritual 13．A．credit B．facilitate C．oblige D．deceive 14．A．escaped B．encountered C．wrestled D．initiated 15．A．grounded B．detected C．unfounded D．digested 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们为何无法停止对往昔美好时光的怀念。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说，这种怀旧是自然的，有时甚至是有用的：它有助于给我们一种稳定感和可预测性。A. awkward尴尬的；B. useful有用的；C. distinct明显的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据下文“It helps give us a sense of stability and predictability”可知，这种怀旧是有用的。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于个人来说，当我们经历退休或搬到一个新国家等快速转变时，怀旧情绪尤其普遍。A. transmissions传输；B. transformations转变（侧重形态、性质的彻底改变）；C. transportations运输；D. transitions过渡（指阶段、状态等的转变）。根据下文“like retirement or moving to a new country”可知，退休或搬到一个新国家是人的一种过渡性的转变。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，集体怀旧——对生活更简单、人们行为更好的美好过去的怀念——也可以成为困难时期的力量源泉。A. temporary暂时的；B. sophisticated复杂的；C. imaginary想象的；D. collective集体的。根据下文“a longing for the good old days when life was simpler and people behaved better”可知，此处是指一种集体性的怀旧。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：播客主持人Jason Feifer在他的节目中专门用了一集来回答这个问题。A. devoted（时间、精力等）专用；B. wrote写；C. circulated传播；D. integrated整合。根据下文“an episode of his program to this question”可知，这个主持人专门用了一集来解答这个问题。故选A。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在20世纪50年代，美国社会学家担心普遍的个人主义正在撕裂家庭。A. giving out分发；B. turning down拒绝；C. giving up放弃；D. tearing apart撕裂。根据上文“widespread individualism”可知，个人主义正在撕裂家庭。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时存在严重的种族和阶级矛盾，每个人都生活在核威胁之下。A. tensions矛盾；B. exploitations剥削；C. regulations规则；D. interactions互动。根据上文“In the 1950s”可知，在20世纪50年代，美国社会存在严重的种族和阶级矛盾。故选A。 7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，20世纪50年代的许多人认为，美好的旧时光将在一代人之前的20世纪20年代就能找到。A. On the other hand另一方面；B. In fact事实上；C. In short总之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文“many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s”可知，20世纪50年代的许多人认为，美好的旧时光将在一代人之前的20世纪20年代就能找到，这是一个客观存在的事实。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在20世纪20年代，儿童心理学家约翰·沃森警告说，由于离婚率不断上升，美国家庭将很快不复存在。A. cease停止，不复存在；B. demand要求；C. continue继续；D. deserve值得。根据上文“because of increasing divorce (离婚) rates”可知，由于离婚率不断上升，美国家庭将很快不复存在。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时很多人都把维多利亚时代理想化了，那时家庭很强大，孩子尊敬长辈。A. idealized将……理想化；B. identified识别；C. constructed建造；D. rejected拒绝。根据下文“when families were strong and children respected their elders.”可知，当时很多人都把维多利亚时代理想化了。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种可能性是，我们知道我们在过去的危险中幸存下来，所以它们现在看起来更小。A. modified修改；B. disrupted扰乱；C. survived挺过，幸存；D. expected期待。根据下文“past dangers, so they seem smaller now”可知，我们挺过了过去的危险。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是，过去的事件往往被个人怀旧所影响。A. corrupted腐蚀；B. colored渲染，影响；C. initiated发起；D. contradicted反驳。根据下文“by personal nostalgia”可知，过去的事件被个人怀旧所影响。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，我们在青春期编码的美好记忆比我们生命中的任何其他时期都要多。A. shallow浅的；B. blank空白的；C. fond美好的；D. ritual仪式的。根据下文“during adolescence than any other period of our lives”可知，我们在青春期的美好回忆比其他时期多。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们对过去美好时光的本能怀念很容易欺骗我们，并带来危险的后果。A. credit相信；B. facilitate促进；C. oblige强迫；D. deceive欺骗。根据上文“Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily”和下文“with dangerous consequence”可知，我们对过去美好时光的怀念很容易欺骗我们。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：百个发明家中没有一个能逃脱这种折磨。A. escaped逃脱；B. encountered遇到；C. wrestled与……搏斗；D. initiated发起。根据下文“Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced”可知，一百个发明家中没有一个能逃脱受到人的反对的这种折磨。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：并非所有对未来的担忧都是毫无根据的。A. grounded有根据的；B. detected发现的；C. unfounded没有根据的；D. digested消化的。根据下文“New technologies do result in accidents”可知，并非所有对未来的担忧都是毫无根据的。故选C。 Passage 02 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷 “Britain moves closer to a self-driving revolution,” said a message from the Department for Transport that popped into my inbox on Wednesday morning. The purpose of the message was to let us know that the government is changing the Highway Code to “ 16 the first self-driving vehicles are introduced safely on UK roads” and to “clarify drivers’ responsibilities in self-driving vehicles, including when a driver must be ready to 17 control”. The changes will specify that while travelling in self-driving mode, motorists must be ready to resume control 18 if they are prompted to, such as when they approach motorway exits. They also signal a puzzling 19 to current regulations, allowing drivers “to view content that is not related to driving on built-in display screens while the self-driving vehicle is in control”. Reassuringly, 20 , it will still be illegal to use mobile phones in self-driving mode, “given the greater risk they pose in distracting drivers as shown in research”. As usual, the announcement comes coated in 21 optimism. It claims selfless-driving is all happening “while boosting economic growth across the nation and securing Britain’s place as a global science superpower”. But what 22 is this self-driving capability that is being enabled by our local superpower? Turns out it’s ALKS, which is an acronym (首字母缩略词) for “automated lane keeping systems”, an interesting technology that “enables a vehicle to drive itself in a single lane, up to 37 mph, while 23 the ability to return control easily and safely to the driver when required”. Wow! Now for a(n) 24 check. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) defines six levels of driving automation, ranging from 0 (fully 25 ) to 5 (fully autonomous). Level 1 is where the car has a single system for driver assistance. Adaptive cruise control, where the vehicle is kept at a safe distance behind the next car, is a(n) 26 , because the human driver monitors the other aspects of driving, such as steering and braking. Level 2 is “ 27 driving automation”. The car can control both steering and accelerating/decelerating. But it 28 self-driving because a human sits in the driver’s seat and can take control of the car at any time. So what the government calls ALKS is actually a slightly 29 version of Level 2 automation, because it’s confined to speeds of 37 mph or less. But to talk about this Level 2 automation as “self-driving” is quite a stretch, even for the Johnson government. We may one day get to Level 5 — to vehicles that do not require 30 and won’t even have steering wheels or acceleration/braking pedals. But it won’t happen just yet. 16．A．deny B．ensure C．argue D．prove 17．A．hand over B．rely on C．take back D．give up 18．A．in a timely way B．on a regular basis C．by a useful means D．at a long interval 19．A．limit B．solution C．approach D．shift 20．A．however B．otherwise C．therefore D．besides 21．A．cautious B．renewed C．false D．considerable 22．A．seemingly B．potentially C．exactly D．theoretically 23．A．abandoning B．enhancing C．maintaining D．questioning 24．A．reality B．performance C．endurance D．risk 25．A．manual B．automatic C．equipped D．grown 26．A．exception B．downside C．example D．outcome 27．A．partial B．full C．gradual D．virtual 28．A．comes up with B．lives up to C．falls short of D．zeros in on 29．A．updated B．initial C．standard D．degraded 30．A．regular maintenance B．human attention C．autonomous operation D．great intelligence 【答案】 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国交通部修改《公路法规》推进自动驾驶，明确车辆安全上路及驾驶员责任，允许看车载非驾驶内容却禁玩手机。其推广的ALKS属SAE 2级降级技术，远非“自动驾驶”，文章认为政府宣传有夸大，5级全自动驾驶暂难实现。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条消息的目的是让我们知晓，政府正在修订《公路法》，旨在“确保首批自动驾驶车辆能够安全地在英国公路上投入使用”，并且“明确自动驾驶车辆中驾驶员的职责，包括何时驾驶员必须准备好重新掌控车辆”。A. deny否认；B. ensure确认；C. argue争论；D. prove证明。根据后文“the first self-driving vehicles are introduced safely on UK roads”可知，修订《公路法》是为了确保首批自动驾驶车辆能够安全地在英国公路上投入使用。故选B。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这条消息的目的是让我们知晓，政府正在修订《公路法》，旨在“确保首批自动驾驶车辆能够安全地在英国公路上投入使用”，并且“明确自动驾驶车辆中驾驶员的职责，包括何时驾驶员必须准备好重新掌控车辆”。A. hand over交出；B. rely on依赖；C. take back收回；D. give up放弃。根据上文“clarify drivers’ responsibilities in self-driving vehicles, including when a driver must be ready to”以及后文“resume control”（恢复控制权）可知，此处指驾驶员需要收回车辆的控制权，故选C。 18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这些规定将明确指出，在自动驾驶模式下行驶时，驾驶者必须随时准备在需要时及时接管车辆控制权，比如当车辆接近高速公路出口时就会有相关提示。A. in a timely way及时地；B. on a regular basis定期地；C. by a useful means通过有用的方式；D. at a long interval过了一段很长的时间。根据后文“such as when they approach motorway exits”可知，驾驶员需在被提示时及时恢复控制（如接近高速出口），故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，这些规定还标志着一种令人费解的转变，即允许司机在自动驾驶车辆处于控制状态时，通过内置显示屏观看与驾驶无关的内容。A. limit限制；B. solution解决方案；C. approach靠近；D. shift转换，变化。根据后文“allowing drivers “to view content that is not related to driving on built-in display screens while the self-driving vehicle is in control””可知，新规允许驾驶员看非驾驶内容，这与现行规定相比是“变化”，故选D。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，令人欣慰的是，即便车辆处于自动驾驶模式，使用手机仍将是违法的，“因为研究表明，手机使用会更大程度地分散驾驶员的注意力”。A. however然而；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此；D. besides此外。前文说允许看屏幕，后文说禁止用手机，存在转折关系，“however”（然而）正确。故选A。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和往常一样，这一消息的发布充满了十足的乐观色彩。A. cautious谨慎的；B. renewed再次发生的；C. false错误的；D. considerable十足的，相当大的。根据后文“It claims selfless-driving is all happening “while boosting economic growth across the nation and securing Britain’s place as a global science superpower”.”可知，政府宣称自动驾驶能 “促进经济增长、巩固科技强国地位”，体现“极大的乐观”，故选D。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们本地 “超级算力”所赋能的这种自动驾驶功能，究竟具体是什么？A. seemingly似乎；B. potentially可能地；C. exactly恰好地；D. theoretically理论上。后文“Turns out it’s ALKS, which is an acronym for “automated lane keeping systems””解释ALKS的具体含义，此处是问“到底是什么”自动驾驶技术，“exactly”（确切地）正确。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果发现是ALKS，它是“自动车道保持系统”的缩写，这是一种颇具创新性的技术，“能让车辆在单个车道上自动驾驶，最高时速可达 37 英里，同时维持能在需要时轻松、安全地将控制权交还给驾驶员”。A. abandoning抛弃；B. enhancing加强；C. maintaining维持；D. questioning质疑。根据后文“the ability to return control easily and safely to the driver when required”可知，ALKS需保持在必要时将控制权交还给驾驶员的能力，“maintaining”（维持）正确。故选C。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在来进行一次现实情况的检验。A. reality现实；B. performance表现；C. endurance持久力；D. risk风险。后文“ranging from 0 (fully 10 ) to 5 (fully autonomous)”可知，SAE 等级划分揭示技术真实水平，是现实检验，故选A。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国汽车工程师协会（SAE）将驾驶自动化水平分为六级，从0级（完全手动驾驶）到5级（完全自动驾驶）。A. manual手工的；B. automatic自动地；C. equipped装备齐全的；D. grown长大的。根据后文“to 5 (fully autonomous)”可知，完全自动驾驶之前是手动驾驶。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自适应巡航控制就是一种例子，在这种模式下，车辆会与前方车辆保持一定安全距离行驶。而人类驾驶员则会关注驾驶的其他方面，比如转向和刹车操作。A. exception例外；B. downside缺点；C. example例子；D. outcome结果。根据上文“Level 1 is where the car has a single system for driver assistance.(级别1表示汽车仅配备一套辅助驾驶系统)”可知，自适应巡航控制是1级辅助驾驶的例子，故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二级是“部分驾驶自动化”。A. partial部分的；B. full满的；C. gradual逐渐的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据后文“because a human sits in the driver’s seat and can take control of the car at any time”可知，2级自动驾驶需人类随时接管，是部分自动化，故选A。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但它还无法实现完全的自动驾驶，因为驾驶座上仍坐着一名驾驶员，且驾驶员随时都可以掌控车辆。A. comes up with提出；B. lives up to实现；C. falls short of做不到，达不到；D. zeros in on集中注意力。根据后文“because a human sits in the driver’s seat and can take control of the car at any time”可知，驾驶座上仍坐着一名驾驶员，且驾驶员随时都可以掌控车辆，说明无法做到完全自动驾驶室。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以政府所说的“ALKS”实际上只是二级自动化技术的一种略微退化的版本，因为它仅适用于时速37英里或更低的行驶速度。A. updated更新的；B. initial开始的；C. standard标准的；D. degraded退化的。根据后文“because it’s confined to speeds of 37 mph or less”可知，ALKS 仅限37英里/小时以下，比标准2级功能受限，是“降级版”，故选D。 30．考查名词短语辨析。句意：或许在未来某一天，我们能够达到第五级——即实现无需人类注意、甚至无需方向盘和油门/刹车踏板的车辆。A. regular maintenance定期维护；B. human attention人类关注；C. autonomous operation自动化运作；D. great intelligence伟大智慧。根据后文“and won’t even have steering wheels or acceleration/braking pedals”可知，5级是完全自动驾驶，无需人类关注，且无方向盘和踏板，故选B。 Passage 03 【来源】上海市向明中学2025-2026学年高三上学期九月月考英语检测 To Dreamland With Stuffed Animals I have always envied people who can slip right into sleep. Bedtime is 31 calm for me. Just when I wish I could 32 off, I find myself up against anxious thoughts. Counting sheep is no match for my mind’s nightly churn, but hugging one is. I 33 the habit of sleeping with stuffed animals in the early days of the pandemic, when I grabbed a polar bear from my childhood bedroom to 34 bad news and fear. I had never been particularly attached to him as a kid, but he was the perfect size to hold in my 35 adult arms. Although I can’t be sure how common this is, I’m probably not alone. In a 2017 survey of U.S. adults, 40 percent of respondents said that they still slept with stuffed animals. Since I rediscovered that polar bear, I have settled into 36 a cast of childhood favorites and a lightly weighted, heatable Warmies cow I bought for myself. It is perhaps no surprise that I turned to stuffed animals during a period of 37 stress. Max Genecov at the University of Pennsylvania pointed out that stuffed animals can be “transitional objects.” This psychological term is often used with regard to children for an item that provides comfort during times of anxiety or change. Companies have also taken note of adults’ childlike 38 in this regard and are integrating these ideas into their marketing of things that can help adults sleep. If all of this seems rather childish, it is! Kids love stuffed animals because they’re cozy and just personified enough to provide a bit of 39 comfort. That’s a great way for kids to self-soothe. We adults can do the same thing. Jennifer Goldschmied, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, told me when people go to sleep, self-soothing reduces “cognitive arousal,” the type of active thinking that 40 a person’s waking hours. While it is a myth that the human brain shuts off for sleep, people still have to enter a more relaxed mindset to drift off. 41 , the act of hugging has also been associated with stress relief. A study found that 42 a huggable communication device lowered stress hormones (激素) in blood and saliva (唾液). Maybe that’s why I reached for that polar bear during a stressful time. Stuffed animals have improved my sleep in the long term by establishing a calming bedtime routine, which Goldschmied emphasized is “probably the single most important thing in getting a better night of sleep.” Over time, the brain will come to expect that performing these rituals can help 43 the body into a restful state. In my case, putting down my book or phone and picking up my stuffed animal creates a 44 between sleep and other activities, prompting me to unwind. I can’t end with a specific stuffed animal to recommend, or any guarantees, but I can extend to you my permission to 45 in some childlike comfort. Whichever one you choose, you might end up with only a piece of cute decor, but you might also reintroduce a bit of joy, gentleness, and comfort to your nightly routine. Either way, don’t forget to wash them! 31．A．sometimes B．rarely C．often D．usually 32．A．wipe B．switch C．drift D．take 33．A．rediscovered B．avoided C．forgot D．ignored 34．A．bounce off B．make up C．ward off D．put up 35．A．strong B．mature C．fruitful D．anxious 36．A．rotating B．inventing C．creating D．featuring 37．A．accelerated B．reduced C．boomed D．heightened 38．A．memories B．tendencies C．communications D．medications 39．A．individual B．economical C．political D．social 40．A．decreases B．occupies C．dominates D．enriches 41．A．In addition B．However C．Thus D．Meanwhile 42．A．participating in B．taking care of C．being familiar with D．interacting with 43．A．translate B．transition C．transmit D．transfer 44．A．connection B．habit C．boundary D．example 45．A．indulge B．immerse C．dive D．push 【答案】 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．C 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．C 45．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者经常难以入睡，疫情期间重拾抱毛绒玩具睡觉的习惯，提及很多成年人也如此，还借专家观点和研究说明其助眠、减压作用，最后鼓励人们享受这种孩童式安慰。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的就寝时间很少平静。A. sometimes有时；B. rarely很少；C. often经常；D. usually通常。根据前文“I have always envied people who can slip right into sleep.”提到“羡慕能很快入睡的人”，后文“I find myself up against anxious thoughts”指出“刚想入睡就被焦虑想法困扰”，说明睡前对作者来说很少平静。故选B项。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在我希望能慢慢入睡的时候，我发现自己陷入了焦虑的思绪之中。A. wipe (off) 擦掉；B. switch (off) 关掉；C. drift (off) 渐渐入睡；D. take (off) 起飞。根据下文“I find myself up against anxious thoughts”可知，此处为“drift off”是固定搭配，意为“渐渐入睡”，与前文“slip right into sleep”（很快入睡）呼应。故选C项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在疫情爆发的早期，我重新发现了和毛绒动物一起睡觉的习惯，当时我从童年的卧室里抓起一只北极熊，以抵御坏消息和恐惧。A. rediscovered重新发现；B. avoided避免；C. forgot忘记；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“the habit of sleeping with stuffed animals in the early days of the pandemic”提到“在疫情初期拿起童年卧室里的北极熊玩偶”，且第三段明确“Since I rediscovered that polar bear”，说明此处是“重新养成和玩偶睡觉的习惯”。故选A项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在疫情爆发的早期，我重新发现了和毛绒动物一起睡觉的习惯，当时我从童年的卧室里抓起一只北极熊，以抵御坏消息和恐惧。A. bounce off反弹；B. make up编造；C. ward off抵御，避开；D. put up张贴。根据句意以及下文“bad news and fear”可知，作者疫情初期拿起童年的北极熊玩偶来抵御坏消息和恐惧。故选C项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我从来没有特别依恋过他，但他的尺寸大小刚好适合我这个焦虑的大人抱在怀里。A. strong强壮的；B. mature成熟的；C. fruitful有成效的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据前文“bad news and fear”提到“疫情期间的坏消息和恐惧”，结合后文“焦虑想法困扰入睡”，可知作者当时是“焦虑的成年人”。故选D项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从我重新发现了那只北极熊，我就开始轮换儿时最喜欢的玩具，还有我给自己买的一只微重的、可加热的Warmies奶牛玩偶。A. rotating轮换；B. inventing发明；C. creating创造；D. featuring以……为特色。根据句意以及下文“a cast of childhood favorites”可知，作者开始轮换使用一批童年喜欢的玩偶和一只新买的可加热奶牛玩偶。“rotating”（轮换）体现“交替使用不同玩偶”的动作。故选A项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在压力很大的时候，我开始选择毛绒玩具，这也许并不奇怪。A. accelerated加速的；B. reduced减少的；C. boomed繁荣的；D. heightened加剧的，增强的。根据上文“I ____3____the habit of sleeping with stuffed animals in the early days of the pandemic, when I grabbed a polar bear from my childhood bedroom to ___4___bad news and fear. ”可知，作者在无法入睡时抱起毛绒玩具，因此推断在压力加剧时，作者选择了毛绒玩具，“heightened”（加剧的、增强的）修饰“stress”，符合“在压力大时求助玩偶”的背景。故选D项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司也注意到了成年人在这方面的孩子气倾向，并将这些想法融入到帮助成年人睡眠的产品的营销中。A. memories记忆；B. tendencies倾向；C. communications交流；D. medications药物。根据下文“and are integrating these ideas into their marketing of things that can help adults sleep”可知，企业也注意到成年人在这方面有孩童气的倾向，“tendencies”（倾向、趋势）指“成年人像孩子一样依赖玩偶获取安慰的行为倾向”。故选B项。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们喜欢毛绒玩具，因为它们很舒适，而且足够拟人化，可以提供一点社交安慰。A. individual个人的；B. economical经济的；C. political政治的；D. social社会的；社交的。根据句意以及上文“because they’re cozy and just personified”可知，毛绒玩具很舒适，足够拟人化，可以提供一点社交安慰。故选D项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：宾夕法尼亚大学医院（Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania）的精神病学助理教授詹妮弗·戈德施米德（Jennifer Goldschmied）告诉我，当人们入睡时，自我安慰会减少“认知唤醒”，即主导一个人醒着的时间的那种积极思考。A. decreases减少；B. occupies占据；C. dominates主导，支配；D. enriches丰富。根据上文“self-soothing reduces “cognitive arousal”可知，“自我安慰能减少‘认知唤醒’，即那种主导人清醒时间的活跃思维”。“dominates”（主导、支配）体现“活跃思维在清醒时占主要地位”。故选C项。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，拥抱的行为也与缓解压力有关。A. In addition此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前文“self-soothing reduces “cognitive arousal,””讲“自我安慰有助于入睡”，后文“the act of hugging has also been associated with stress relief”讲“拥抱也与缓解压力有关”，二者是递进关系，“In addition”（此外）符合逻辑。故选A项。 42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一项研究发现，与可拥抱的通讯设备互动可以降低血液和唾液中的压力激素。A. participating in参与；B. taking care of照顾；C. being familiar with熟悉；D. interacting with与……互动。根据前文“the act of hugging has also been associated with stress relief.”可知，拥抱毛绒玩具的行为是互动行为，因此推断此处表示与可拥抱的通讯设备互动可以降低血液和唾液中的压力激素。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，大脑会期望进行这些仪式可以帮助身体过渡到休息状态。A. translate翻译；B. transition过渡，转变；C. transmit传输；D. transfer转移。根据上文“the brain will come to expect”和下文“the body into a restful state”可知，大脑期待通过这些仪式帮助身体过渡到放松状态。“transition”（过渡、转变）体现“从活跃到放松的状态变化”。故选B项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就我而言，放下书或手机，拿起我的毛绒玩具，在睡眠和其他活动之间划清了界限，促使我放松下来。A. connection联系；B. habit习惯；C. boundary界限；D. example例子。根据前文“putting down my book or phone and picking up my stuffed animal”下文“between sleep and other activities, prompting me to unwind”可知，放下了书和手机，拿起毛绒玩具睡觉，在睡眠和其他活动之间建立了界限。故选C项。 45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无法给出具体的毛绒玩具推荐，也无法做出任何保证，但我可以允许您尽情享受那份孩子般的慰藉。A. indulge (in)沉迷于，享受；B. immerse  (in)全身心投入；C. dive (in)投入；D. push (in)闯入。根据下文“you might end up with only a piece of cute decor, but you might also reintroduce a bit of joy, gentleness, and comfort to your nightly routine.”可知，此处指的是沉浸在那份孩子般的慰藉中，符合“鼓励成年人借助玩偶获取安慰”的主旨。故选A项。 二、真题演练 2022年1月春考 Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts, according to a team of experts, A review of research evidence concludes there is nothing to support claims that sugar free versions of popular soft drinks can help (4l) _______obesity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry sponsored studies reporting"favourable"associations between diet drinks and weight loss may be biased, it claims. There have been concerns that diet drinks, known as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead people to consume more calories by(42) ________sweet flavour taste buds. The new study found that evidence (43) _________the healthiness of ASBs was inconclusive with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) producing mixed results. Senor investigator Professor Christopher Millett said: "A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a(n)(44)for full sugar versions However, we found no solid evidence to support this The researchers pointed out that research supported by food or beverage companies was more likely to find no evidence of links between sugary drink (45) _________ and obesity than non-industry sponsored research. Similarly, ASB industry-sponsored research was "more likely to report favourable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects on weight control” In many cases. researchers had failed to disclose (47) __________of interest relating to links with the food industry. it was claimed. Coauthor Dr Marin Carolina Borges said: “The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives to SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)." Leading British nutritionist Professor Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was no reason to believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “For people seeking to manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink to choose , for health and the environment , but far many people who are used to drinking sugary drinks, this will be loo hard a change to (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ direction to cut calories." Dietitian Professor Tom Sanders, was also critical of the research, calling it “an opinion piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review of the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely to add to public (55 )_____________.” 41. A. relieve B. oppose C. prevent D. bother 42. A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing 43. A. resulting from B. referring to C.depending on D. relating to 44. A. Substitute B.proposal C.suspect D.implication 45. A. Efficiency B.consumption C.distribution D.modernization 46. A. appointments B.instructions C.performances D.conclusions 47. A. threats B. matters C. conflicts D.appeals 48. A. adequate B.essential C.available D. deliberate 49. A initiatives B.alternatives C.objectives D.representatives 50. A. without question B. beyond description C. around the corner D. in consequence 51. A. settle B. route C. mend D. make 52. A. wrong B. right C. proper D. opposite 53. A. democratic B. automatic C. systematic D. dramatic 54. A. transferred B. ranged C. accessed D. added 55. A. fascination B. ambition C.confusion D. Isolation 【答案】41-55 CBDAB DCABA DBCDC 【详解】 41 C [解析]根据前文 “Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts according to a team of expents. (一组专家称，人工加糖的无糖饮料对增重没有影，世不应现为比合饮料更健康。)”，再分析选项可知此处说的是无糖再五法报助规防一些疾。句意为”一项对研究证据的综述得出结论，没有任何上歌支按通行款收的无鹏版本有助于预防(prevent) 肥胖和2型糖尿病等相关药醒的说社，故选C.relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和: oppose v.反对(计划、政通)抵: prevent v.防止: 刚止;照码: bother v.打扰:花费时间精力(做某事）。 42.B[解析]结合前面的“might lead people to consume more calories(导致人们摄入更多的卡路里)”，分析选项可知，这是甜味味蕾被刺激后的结果，此处句意为“有人担心，被称为人工加糖饮料(ASBs)的无糖饮料可能会刺激 (stimulating )人们的甜味味蕾，导致人们摄入更多的卡路里”，故选 B。inserting v.插入;入;stimulating v.促进;激发，刺激;enhancing v，提高;增强;增进;securing v获得，取得，实现。 43.D[解析]结合选项，此处用“与 ASBs 健康相关的”更符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为“新的研究发现，与 ASBs 健康相关的(relating to) 证据是不确定的，随机对照试验(rct)产生了混合的结果”，故选 D。resulting from 由于;referring to提及;参阅; depending on 依据，根据;relating to 关于;涉及。 44.A[解析]分析选项，根据常识可知，为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全粗饮料的替代品，此处句意为“人们普遍认为，由于“无糖饮料不含糖，所以作为全糖饮料的替代品(substitute)，它们肯定更健康，有助于减肥，这可能是受行业营销的影响”，故选A。substitute n.代用品，代替者;代替者;proposal n.提议建议;求婚;suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;嫌疑犯;implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意;暗指。 45.B[解析]前面提到为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全糖饮料的替代品，分析选项可知，此处只有“含糖饮料的消费与肥胖”更符合逻辑及语境。句意为“研究人员指出，与非行业赞助的研究相比，食品或饮料公司支持的研究更有可能找不到含糖饮料消费(consumption)与肥胖之间联系的证据”，故选 B。efficiency n效率;效能;consumption n.消耗，消耗量;费:distribution n.分配:分布;分发;modernization n.现代化;维新:现代化之事物。 46.D[解析]该词与“results (结果)”并列，所以它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知此处应选“conclusions”。句意为“同样，ASB 行业费助的研究“更有可能报告关于 ASB 对体重控制效果的有利结果和结论 (conclusions)“故选 D。appointments n.约会;预约:约定;instructions n.说明书;指示;命令;performance:n.表演;演出:conclusions n. 结论:推论:结束。 47.C[解析]分析选项，此处用“利益冲突”更符合语境及逻辑，句意为“报告称，在许多情况下，研究人员未能披露与食品行业相关的利益冲突(conflicts)”，故选C。threats n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆: matters n.课题: 事情; 问题:事态;conflicts n.争执:争论:(军事)冲突:战斗; appeals n. 上诉;申诉;吸引力。 48.A[解析]根据前面的“The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously(应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响)”，再分析选项可知这是在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格替代品时应该考虑的问题。句意为“在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格 (adequate) 替代品时，应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响”，故选A。adequate ad;.充足的;足够的;合格的;essential adj.本质的;必不可少的: available adj.可获得的;可购得的;deliberate adj. 故意的;蓄意的;存心的。 49.B[解析]结合前文及语境可推知此处句意为“英国著名营养学家苏珊·杰布教授说，尽管证据好坏参半，但没有理由相信用人工加糖的替代品 (alternatives)取代含糖饮料会有任何伤害”，故选 B。initiatives n.倡议;新方案:主动性:alternatives n.普代品;可供选择的事物: objectives n.目标;目的: representatives n.代表;销售代表。 50.A[解析]自来水就是最好的饮料。结合选项可知作者在此处想要表达的是“对下那些想控制体重的人来说，从健康和环境的角度来说，自来水无疑 (without question)尼最好的饮料选择”，故选 A。without question 毫无疑间(表示强调自巴的观点;毫无疑问地;毫无异议地;beyond description 难以形容，无法形容:around the comer 在拐角处:即将发生，在附近: in consequence 结果;因此。 51.D[解析]分析选项，“make a change (做出改变)”符合及语境，此处句为“但对于许多习惯喝含糖饮料的人来说，这将是一个太难的改变”，故选 D。settle v.解(分歧、纠纷等): 定居，结来: route v.按某路线发送: mend v.修现，修补:缝补;make v.制作，制造，组装。 52.B[解析] 结合语境及选项可推知此处句意为“人工加糖饮料是朝着减少卡路但的正确(right)方向边出的一步”，故选 B。 wrong adj.错误的，不对的 right adj.正确的;真正的，真实的: proper adj.适当的，正确的:恰当的: opposite adj.对面的;另一边的;相反的。 53.C[解析]根据前面的“was also critical of the research”可知这个营养学家是对这项研究提出了批评的。分析选项可知此处句意为“营养学家汤姆·桑德斯教授也对这项研究提出了批评,称其为·一篇观点文章,而不是对证据的系统(systematic)回顾”，故选C。 democratic adj.民主的;民主政体的;民主制度的;automatic adj.自动的;无意识的;不假思索的;systematic adj.成体系的;系统的;有条理的;dramatic adj.戏剧性的;引人注目的;戏剧的。 54.D[解析]这里还是该教授的观点，所以该空为“补充道”。此处句意为“他补充道(added)”，故选 D。transferred v.(使)转移，搬迁;(使)调动;转职;ranged v.(在一定的范围内)变化，变动;accessed v.访问，存取(计算机文件); 到达:进入;使用;added v.增加;加添;补充 55.C[解析]根据前面的“The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted (减小糖或无糖饮料不应该被推广或视为健康饮食的一部分的结论似乎没有根据)”，这会导致的结果是“很可能会增加公众的困惑 (confusion)”。故选 C。fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷;ambition n.追求的目标:夙愿;野心;confusion n.混乱;混淆;困惑;isolation n.隔离，分离;孤立，孤独。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $